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Dong Y, He Y, Geng Y, Wei M, Zhou X, Lian J, Hallajzadeh J. Autophagy-related lncRNAs and exosomal lncRNAs in colorectal cancer: focusing on lncRNA-targeted strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:328. [PMID: 39342235 PMCID: PMC11439232 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components, including damaged proteins and organelles. It is an important mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but instead play regulatory roles in gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs can influence autophagy and contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several lncRNAs have been identified as key players in modulating autophagy in CRC. The dysregulation of autophagy and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CRC suggests a complex interplay between these two factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Modulating autophagy may sensitize cancer cells to existing therapies or improve the efficacy of new treatment approaches. Additionally, targeting specific lncRNAs involved in autophagy regulation could potentially be used as a therapeutic intervention to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and overcome drug resistance in CRC. In this review, a thorough overview is presented, encompassing the functions and underlying mechanisms of autophagy-related lncRNAs in a range of critical areas within tumor biology. These include cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yiwei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yanna Geng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Meimei Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jianlun Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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2
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Bischoff P, Bou-Gharios J, Noël G, Burckel H. Role of autophagy in modulating tumor cell radiosensitivity: Exploring pharmacological interventions for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Cancer Radiother 2024:S1278-3218(24)00120-3. [PMID: 39327199 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an innate cellular process characterized by self-digestion, wherein cells degrade or recycle aged proteins, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles via lysosomal pathways. Its crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, ensuring development and survival is well established. In the context of cancer therapy, autophagy's importance is firmly recognized, given its critical impact on treatment efficacy. Following radiotherapy, several factors can modulate autophagy including parameters related to radiation type and delivery methods. The concomitant use of chemotherapy with radiotherapy further influences autophagy, potentially either enhancing radiosensitivity or promoting radioresistance. This review article discusses some pharmacological agents and drugs capable of modulating autophagy levels in conjunction with radiation in tumor cells, with a focus on those identified as potential radiosensitizers in glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bischoff
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 3, rue de la Porte-de-l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 3, rue de la Porte-de-l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (Imis), UMR 7357, université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 3, rue de la Porte-de-l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (Imis), UMR 7357, université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Unicancer, 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 3, rue de la Porte-de-l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (Imis), UMR 7357, université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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4
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Putnová I, Putnová BM, Hurník P, Štembírek J, Buchtová M, Kolísková P. Primary cilia-associated signalling in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1413255. [PMID: 39234399 PMCID: PMC11372790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1413255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck originates from the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. In this review, we summarise what is currently known about the potential function of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of this disease. As primary cilia represent a key cellular structure for signal transduction and are related to cell proliferation, an understanding of their role in carcinogenesis is necessary for the design of new treatment approaches. Here, we introduce cilia-related signalling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its possible association with HNSCC tumorigenesis. From this point of view, PDGF, EGF, Wnt and Hh signalling are discussed as all these pathways were found to be dysregulated in HNSCC. Moreover, we review the clinical potential of small molecules affecting primary cilia signalling to target squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Putnová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Moldovan Putnová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Hurník
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Štembírek
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Kolísková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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5
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Wu H, Fu M, Wu M, Cao Z, Zhang Q, Liu Z. Emerging mechanisms and promising approaches in pancreatic cancer metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:553. [PMID: 39090116 PMCID: PMC11294586 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Metabolic abnormalities are one of the hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic cancer cells can adapt to biosynthesis, energy intake, and redox needs through metabolic reprogramming to tolerate nutrient deficiency and hypoxic microenvironments. Pancreatic cancer cells can use glucose, amino acids, and lipids as energy to maintain malignant growth. Moreover, they also metabolically interact with cells in the tumour microenvironment to change cell fate, promote tumour progression, and even affect immune responses. Importantly, metabolic changes at the body level deserve more attention. Basic research and clinical trials based on targeted metabolic therapy or in combination with other treatments are in full swing. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the metabolic regulation of pancreatic cancer cells will not only enrich the understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression but also provide inspiration for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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6
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Ling L, Chen J, Zhan L, Fu J, He R, Wang W, Wei B, Ma X, Cao Y. NLRC5 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15353. [PMID: 38961101 PMCID: PMC11222428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. NLR Family CARD Domain Containing 5 (NLRC5) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its effect and mechanism in CC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of NLRC5 in CC. NLRC5 was found to be down-regulated in CC tissues compared with normal cervical tissues. However, patients with higher NLRC5 expression had better prognosis, patients with higher age, HPV infection, lymph node metastasis, recurrence and histological grade had worse prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed NLRC5 to be a potential prognostic indicator for CC. Pearson correlation analysis showed that NLRC5 might exert its function in CC through autophagy related proteins, especially LC3. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NLRC5 inhibited LC3 levels and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Treatment with LY294002 reversed the above phenotype. Taken together, our finding suggested that NLRC5 would participate in cervical tumorigenesis and progression by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, NLRC5 and LC3 combined as possible predictors in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Runhua He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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7
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Li J, Feng Y, Li Y, He P, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Yao R, Yao Y. Ferritinophagy: A novel insight into the double-edged sword in ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis and human diseases. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13621. [PMID: 38389491 PMCID: PMC11216947 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactive 4 (NCOA4), which functions as a selective cargo receptor, is a critical regulator of the particularly autophagic degradation of ferritin, a process known as ferritinophagy. Mechanistically, NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy performs an increasingly vital role in the maintenance of intracellular iron homeostasis by promoting ferritin transport and iron release as needed. Ferritinophagy is not only involved in iron-dependent responses but also in the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, including metabolism-related, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Therefore, ferritinophagy is of great importance in maintaining cell viability and function and represents a potential therapeutic target. Recent studies indicated that ferritinophagy regulates the signalling pathway associated with ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of cell death characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Although accumulating evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interplay between dysfunction in iron metabolism and ferroptosis, a deeper understanding of the double-edged sword effect of ferritinophagy in ferroptosis has remained elusive. Details of the mechanisms underlying the ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis in regulating relevant human diseases remain to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the latest research findings regarding the mechanisms that regulate the biological function of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and its contribution to the pathophysiology of ferroptosis. The important role of the ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis in human diseases will be discussed in detail, highlighting the great potential of targeting ferritinophagy in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Yan Li
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Feng
- Department of OrthopedicsHebei Provincial Chidren's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yu‐Xuan Li
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Peng‐Yi He
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qi‐Yuan Zhou
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ying‐Ping Tian
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ren‐Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Ming Yao
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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8
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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Yumashev A, Hjazi A, Toama MA, AbdRabou MA, Gehlot A, Alwaily ER, Shirsalimi N, Yadav PK, Moriasi G. Effects of metformin on cancers in experimental and clinical studies: Focusing on autophagy and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4071. [PMID: 38863255 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is a preferred drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies show that apart from its blood glucose-lowering effects, it also inhibits the development of various tumours, by inducing autophagy. Various studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of MET on cancer cell lines' propagation, migration, and invasion. The objective of the study was to comprehensively review the potential of MET as an anticancer agent, particularly focusing on its ability to induce autophagy and inhibit the development and progression of various tumors. The study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of MET on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and its impact on key signaling pathways such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and PI3K. This review noted that MET exerts its anticancer effects by regulating key signalling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), LC3-I and LC3-II, Beclin-1, p53, and the autophagy-related gene (ATG), inhibiting the mTOR protein, downregulating the expression of p62/SQSTM1, and blockage of the cell cycle at the G0/G1. Moreover, MET can stimulate autophagy through pathways associated with the 5' AMPK, thereby inhibiting he development and progression of various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, myeloma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In summary, this detailed review provides a framework for further investigations that may appraise the autophagy-induced anticancer potential of MET and its repurposing for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexey Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Alaa Toama
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Anita Gehlot
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Niyousha Shirsalimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pankaj Kumar Yadav
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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Wong MMT, Aziz NA, Ch'ng ES, Armon S, Chook JB, Bong JJ, Peh SC, Wu YS, Teow SY. Expression of LC3A, LC3B and p62/SQSTM1 autophagy proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and the predicted microRNAs involved in the autophagy-related pathway. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:317-328. [PMID: 38630414 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays multifaceted roles in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanisms involved are under-explored. Regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to target autophagy proteins but their roles in HCC is not well studied. Using HCC patient tissues, this study aims to investigate the association of autophagy with several clinicopathological parameters as well as identifying the autophagy-related miRNAs and the possible pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Autophagy level in the HCC patient-derived cancer and non-cancer tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) targeting SQSTM1, LC3A and LC3B proteins. Significance tests of clinicopathological variables were tested using the Fisher's exact or Chi-square tests. Gene and miRNA expression assays were carried out and analyzed using Nanostring platform and software followed by validation of other online bioinformatics tools, namely String and miRabel. Autophagy expression was significantly higher in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent non-cancer tissues. High LC3B expression was associated with advanced tumor histology grade and tumor location. Nanostring gene expression analysis revealed that SQSTM1, PARP1 and ATG9A genes were upregulated in HCC tissues compared to non-cancer tissues while SIRT1 gene was downregulated. These genes are closely related to an autophagy pathway in HCC. Further, using miRabel tool, three downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-16b-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, and hsa-miR-660-5p) and one upregulated miRNA (hsa-miR-539-5p) were found to closely interact with the abovementioned autophagy-related genes. We then mapped out the possible pathway involving the genes and miRNAs in HCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that autophagy events are more active in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent non-cancer tissues. We also reported the possible role of several miRNAs in regulating autophagy-related genes in the autophagy pathway in HCC. This may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic targets for improving HCC therapy. Future investigations are warranted to validate the target genes reported in this study using a larger sample size and more targeted molecular technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdelyn Mei-Theng Wong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdul Aziz
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH Complex), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block C7, No: 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Section U13, Setia Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Shah Alam, 40170, Malaysia
| | - Ewe Seng Ch'ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Bertam, Malaysia
| | - Subasri Armon
- Pathology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, 50588, Malaysia
| | - Jack-Bee Chook
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jan-Jin Bong
- Sunway Medical Centre, 5 Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suat-Cheng Peh
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- Sunway Medical Centre, 5 Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA.
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10
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Zarafshani M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Soleimani V, Moosavi MA, Rahmati M. Expression and Clinical Significance of IRE1-XBP1s, p62, and Caspase-3 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:10-21. [PMID: 38322164 PMCID: PMC10839142 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96922.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Three main cell signaling pathways including the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response, autophagy, and apoptosis play critical roles in both cell survival and death. They were found to crosstalk with one another during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), p62, and caspase-3, as the essential biomarkers of ERS, autophagy, and apoptosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological data. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, which were collected from patients and their tumor margins, from the tumor bank of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 2017 to 2019. Tissue microarray (TMA) was used to measure the XBP1s, p62, and caspase-3 biomarkers. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Evaluating the total of 91 patients, a significant relationship was found between XBP1s expression and TNM stage (P=0.003), primary tumor (pT) (P=0.054), and the degree of differentiation (P=0.006); and between caspase-3 with pT (P=0.004), and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.02). However, no significant correlation was found between p62 and clinicopathological data. Furthermore, a positive relationship between XBP1s and p62 was confirmed (correlation coefficient: 22.2% and P=0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicated that XBP1s could be considered as a target for therapy in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadkian Zarafshani
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Awad AM, Elshaer SL, Gangaraju R, Abdelaziz RR, Nader MA. CysLTR1 antagonism by montelukast can ameliorate diabetes-induced aortic and testicular inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111127. [PMID: 37907048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR)1 antagonist, is emerging as an attractive strategy to curtail diabetic complications; however, its role in aortic and testicular tissues is unknown. This study investigated the effect of CysLTR1 antagonism by montelukast on toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in diabetes-induced aortic and testicular injury. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with Streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg). Following this, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic (SD) rats were administered montelukast (10 and 20 mg/kg, orally) for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers, and histopathology were evaluated. RESULTS Montelukast showed protection against diabetic complications, as evidenced by the ameliorative effect against STZ-induced alterations in oxidative stress as indicated by serum MDA levels. Moreover, montelukast conferred a significant decrease in the aortic and testicular levels of CysLTR1, TLR4, and NF-κB with a subsequent decrease in the levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3, caspase 1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally, administration of montelukast resulted in autophagy stimulation, as shown by decreased p62/Sequestosome (SQSTM)1 levels. Finally, montelukast protection resulted in normal thickness of whole aortic wall, regular tunica (t.) intima, mild vacuolation of smooth muscle fibers in aorta, increased size of seminiferous tubules, and increased spermatogenesis in testis as demonstrated by histopathology. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of montelukast against diabetes-induced aortic and testicular injury is due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy stimulation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Sally L Elshaer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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D’Orazi G. The Role of Autophagy in Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4802. [PMID: 37835495 PMCID: PMC10571515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary and metastatic brain tumors are among the most threatening diseases worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena Cancer National Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 00131 Chieti, Italy
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14
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Lee E, Archasappawat S, Ji K, Pena J, Fernandez-Vega V, Gangaraju R, Beesabathuni NS, Kim MJ, Tian Q, Shah PS, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Hwang CI. A new vulnerability to BET inhibition due to enhanced autophagy in BRCA2 deficient pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:620. [PMID: 37735513 PMCID: PMC10514057 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human malignancies. Among total pancreatic cancer patients, ~10% of patients are categorized as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) patients, carrying germline mutations of the genes involved in DNA repair pathways (e.g., BRCA2). Personalized medicine approaches tailored toward patients' mutations would improve patients' outcome. To identify novel vulnerabilities of BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer, we generated isogenic Brca2-deficient murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and performed high-throughput drug screens. High-throughput drug screening revealed that Brca2-deficient cells are sensitive to Bromodomain and Extraterminal Motif (BET) inhibitors, suggesting that BET inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach. We found that BRCA2 deficiency increased autophagic flux, which was further enhanced by BET inhibition in Brca2-deficient pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in autophagy-dependent cell death. Our data suggests that BET inhibition can be a novel therapeutic strategy for BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Suyakarn Archasappawat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Keely Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jocelyn Pena
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Virneliz Fernandez-Vega
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Ritika Gangaraju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nitin Sai Beesabathuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Martin Jean Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, High-Throughput Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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15
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Fu DJ, Wang T. Targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme for cancer therapy: developments, clinical trials, challenges and future research directions. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 37525282 PMCID: PMC10388525 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NEDDylation, a post-translational modification through three-step enzymatic cascades, plays crucial roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) as the only activation enzyme in the NEDDylation modification has become an attractive target to develop anticancer drugs. To date, numerous inhibitors or agonists targeting NAE have been developed. Among them, covalent NAE inhibitors such as MLN4924 and TAS4464 currently entered into clinical trials for cancer therapy, particularly for hematological tumors. This review explains the relationships between NEDDylation and cancers, structural characteristics of NAE and multistep mechanisms of NEDD8 activation by NAE. In addition, the potential approaches to discover NAE inhibitors and detailed pharmacological mechanisms of NAE inhibitors in the clinical stage are explored in depth. Importantly, we reasonably investigate the challenges of NAE inhibitors for cancer therapy and possible development directions of NAE-targeting drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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16
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Bestion E, Raymond E, Mezouar S, Halfon P. Update on Autophagy Inhibitors in Cancer: Opening up to a Therapeutic Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cells 2023; 12:1702. [PMID: 37443736 PMCID: PMC10341243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved and natural degradation process that helps maintain cell homeostasis through the elimination of old, worn, and defective cellular components, ensuring proper cell energy intake. The degradative pathway constitutes a protective barrier against diverse human diseases including cancer. Autophagy basal level has been reported to be completely dysregulated during the entire oncogenic process. Autophagy influences not only cancer initiation, development, and maintenance but also regulates cancer response to therapy. Currently, autophagy inhibitor candidates mainly target the early autophagy process without any successful preclinical/clinical development. Lessons learned from autophagy pharmaceutical manipulation as a curative option progressively help to improve drug design and to encounter new targets of interest. Combinatorial strategies with autophagy modulators are supported by abundant evidence, especially dealing with immune checkpoint inhibitors, for which encouraging preclinical results have been recently published. GNS561, a PPT1 inhibitor, is a promising autophagy modulator as it has started a phase 2 clinical trial in liver cancer indication, combined with atezolizumab and bevacizumab, an assessment without precedent in the field. This approach paves a new road, leading to the resurgence of anticancer autophagy inhibitors as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, 13006 Marseille, France; (E.R.); (S.M.); (P.H.)
| | - Eric Raymond
- Genoscience Pharma, 13006 Marseille, France; (E.R.); (S.M.); (P.H.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital Group, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Genoscience Pharma, 13006 Marseille, France; (E.R.); (S.M.); (P.H.)
- Établissement Français du Sang, Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur et Corse, Marseille, France; «Biologie des Groupes Sanguins», Aix Marseille Univ-CNRS-EFS-ADÉS, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Genoscience Pharma, 13006 Marseille, France; (E.R.); (S.M.); (P.H.)
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17
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Huang Z, Zhou J, Jiang Y, Han Y, Wang X, Li F, Jiang S, Yu K, Zhang S. Combined inhibition of XIAP and autophagy induces apoptosis and differentiation in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1682-1696. [PMID: 37154878 PMCID: PMC10273072 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in autophagy, apoptosis and differentiation have greatly affected the progression and therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-related autophagy remains unclear in AML therapeutics. Here, we found that XIAP was highly expressed and associated with poor overall survival in patients with AML. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of XIAP using birinapant or XIAP knockdown via siRNA impaired the proliferation and clonogenic capacity by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in AML cells. Intriguingly, birinapant-induced cell death was aggravated in combination with ATG5 siRNA or an autophagy inhibitor spautin-1, suggesting that autophagy may be a pro-survival signalling. Spautin-1 further enhanced the ROS level and myeloid differentiation in THP-1 cells treated with birinapant. The mechanism analysis showed that XIAP interacted with MDM2 and p53, and XIAP inhibition notably downregulated p53, substantially increased the AMPKα1 phosphorylation and downregulated the mTOR phosphorylation. Combined treatment using birinapant and chloroquine significantly retarded AML progression in both a subcutaneous xenograft model injected with HEL cells and an orthotopic xenograft model injected intravenously with C1498 cells. Collectively, our data suggested that XIAP inhibition can induce autophagy, apoptosis and differentiation, and combined inhibition of XIAP and autophagy may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Huang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jifan Zhou
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yinyan Jiang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yixiang Han
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Central LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of HematologyWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Laboratory Animal CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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18
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Lee E, Archasappawat S, Ji K, Pena J, Fernandez-Vega V, Gangaraju R, Beesabathuni NS, Kim MJ, Tian Q, Shah P, Scampavia L, Spicer T, Hwang CI. A new vulnerability to BET inhibition due to enhanced autophagy in BRCA2 deficient pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542934. [PMID: 37398312 PMCID: PMC10312597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human malignancies. Among total pancreatic cancer patients, ∼10% of patients are categorized as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) patients, carrying germline mutations of the genes involved in DNA repair pathways ( e.g., BRCA2 ). Personalized medicine approaches tailored toward patients' mutations would improve patients' outcome. To identify novel vulnerabilities of BRCA2 -deficient pancreatic cancer, we generated isogenic Brca2 -deficient murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and performed high-throughput drug screens. High-throughput drug screening revealed that Brca2 -deficient cells are sensitive to Bromodomain and Extraterminal Motif (BET) inhibitors, suggesting that BET inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach. We found that BRCA2 deficiency increased autophagic flux, which was further enhanced by BET inhibition in Brca2 -deficient pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in autophagy-dependent cell death. Our data suggests that BET inhibition can be a novel therapeutic strategy for BRCA2 -deficient pancreatic cancer.
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19
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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20
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Meng Q, Ding B, Ma P, Lin J. Interrelation between Programmed Cell Death and Immunogenic Cell Death: Take Antitumor Nanodrug as an Example. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201406. [PMID: 36707416 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD, mainly including apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy) and immunogenic cell death (ICD), as important cell death mechanisms, are widely reported in cancer therapy, and understanding the relationship between the two is significant for clinical tumor treatments. Considering that vast nanodrugs are developed to induce tumor PCD and ICD simultaneously, in this review, the interrelationship between PCD and ICD is described using nanomedicines as examples. First, an overview of PCD patterns and focus on the morphological differences and interconnections among them are provided. Then the interrelationship between apoptosis and ICD in terms of endoplasmic reticulum stress is described by introducing various cancer treatments and the recent developments of nanomedicines with inducible immunogenicity. Next, the crosstalk between non-apoptotic (including necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy) signaling pathways and ICD is introduced and their relationship through various nanomedicines as examples is further illustrated. Finally, the relationship between PCD and ICD and its application prospects in the development of new ICD nanomaterials are summarized. This review is believed to deepen the understanding of the relationship between PCD and ICD, extend the biomedical applications of various nanodrugs, and promote the progress of clinical tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Li L, Shu XS, Geng H, Ying J, Guo L, Luo J, Xiang T, Wu L, Ma BBY, Chan ATC, Zhu X, Ambinder RF, Tao Q. A novel tumor suppressor encoded by a 1p36.3 lncRNA functions as a phosphoinositide-binding protein repressing AKT phosphorylation/activation and promoting autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1166-1183. [PMID: 36813924 PMCID: PMC10154315 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides/small proteins, encoded by noncanonical open reading frames (ORF) of previously claimed non-coding RNAs, have recently been recognized possessing important biological functions, but largely uncharacterized. 1p36 is an important tumor suppressor gene (TSG) locus frequently deleted in multiple cancers, with critical TSGs like TP73, PRDM16, and CHD5 already validated. Our CpG methylome analysis identified a silenced 1p36.3 gene KIAA0495, previously thought coding long non-coding RNA. We found that the open reading frame 2 of KIAA0495 is actually protein-coding and translating, encoding a small protein SP0495. KIAA0495 transcript is broadly expressed in multiple normal tissues, but frequently silenced by promoter CpG methylation in multiple tumor cell lines and primary tumors including colorectal, esophageal and breast cancers. Its downregulation/methylation is associated with poor survival of cancer patients. SP0495 induces tumor cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence and autophagy, and inhibits tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SP0495 binds to phosphoinositides (PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(3,5)P2) as a lipid-binding protein, inhibits AKT phosphorylation and its downstream signaling, and further represses oncogenic AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. SP0495 also regulates the stability of autophagy regulators BECN1 and SQSTM1/p62 through modulating phosphoinositides turnover and autophagic/proteasomal degradation. Thus, we discovered and validated a 1p36.3 small protein SP0495, functioning as a novel tumor suppressor regulating AKT signaling activation and autophagy as a phosphoinositide-binding protein, being frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in multiple tumors as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianming Ying
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Longtao Wu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Johns Hopkins Singapore and Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Johns Hopkins Singapore and Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Liang T, Bai X. The "Self-eating" of cancer-associated fibroblast: A potential target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114762. [PMID: 37100015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy helps maintain energy homeostasis and protect cells from stress effects by selectively removing misfolded/polyubiquitylated proteins, lipids, and damaged mitochondria. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are cellular components of tumor microenvironment (TME). Autophagy in CAFs inhibits tumor development in the early stages; however, it has a tumor-promoting effect in advanced stages. In this review, we aimed to summarize the modulators responsible for the induction of autophagy in CAFs, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, we aimed to present autophagy-related signaling pathways in CAFs, and role of autophagy in CAF activation, tumor progression, tumor immune microenvironment. Autophagy in CAFs may be an emerging target for tumor therapy. In summary, autophagy in CAFs is regulated by a variety of modulators and can reshape tumor immune microenvironment, affecting tumor progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Wu Q, Sharma D. Autophagy and Breast Cancer: Connected in Growth, Progression, and Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1156. [PMID: 37190065 PMCID: PMC10136604 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in the incidence of breast cancer worldwide, overall prognosis has been consistently improving owing to the development of multiple targeted therapies and novel combination regimens including endocrine therapies, aromatase inhibitors, Her2-targeted therapies, and cdk4/6 inhibitors. Immunotherapy is also being actively examined for some breast cancer subtypes. This overall positive outlook is marred by the development of resistance or reduced efficacy of the drug combinations, but the underlying mechanisms are somewhat unclear. It is interesting to note that cancer cells quickly adapt and evade most therapies by activating autophagy, a catabolic process designed to recycle damaged cellular components and provide energy. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy and autophagy-associated proteins in breast cancer growth, drug sensitivity, tumor dormancy, stemness, and recurrence. We further explore how autophagy intersects and reduces the efficacy of endocrine therapies, targeted therapies, radiotherapy, chemotherapies as well as immunotherapy via modulating various intermediate proteins, miRs, and lncRNAs. Lastly, the potential application of autophagy inhibitors and bioactive molecules to improve the anticancer effects of drugs by circumventing the cytoprotective autophagy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
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24
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Wang ZZ, Li XH, Wen XL, Wang N, Guo Y, Zhu X, Fu SH, Xiong FF, Bai J, Gao XL, Wang HJ. Integration of multi-omics data reveals a novel hybrid breast cancer subtype and its biomarkers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130092. [PMID: 37064087 PMCID: PMC10091394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer hinders proper diagnosis and treatment, and the identification of molecular subtypes may help enhance the understanding of its heterogeneity. Therefore, we proposed a novel integrated multi-omics approach for breast cancer typing, which led to the identification of a hybrid subtype (Mix_Sub subtype) with a poor survival prognosis. This subtype is characterized by lower levels of the inflammatory response, lower tumor malignancy, lower immune cell infiltration, and higher T-cell dysfunction. Moreover, we found that cell-cell communication mediated by NCAM1-FGFR1 ligand-receptor interaction and cellular functional states, such as cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair, were significantly altered and upregulated in patients with this subtype, and that such patients displayed greater sensitivity to targeted therapies. Subsequently, using differential genes among subtypes as biomarkers, we constructed prognostic risk models and subtype classifiers for the Mix_Sub subtype and validated their generalization ability in external datasets obtained from the GEO database, indicating their potential therapeutic and prognostic significance. These biomarkers also showed significant spatially variable expression in malignant tumor cells. Collectively, the identification of the Mix_Sub breast cancer subtype and its biomarkers, based on the driving relationship between omics, has deepened our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity and facilitated the development of breast cancer precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xu-hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu-heng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei-fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-jiu Wang, ; Xiao-ling Gao, ; Jing Bai,
| | - Xiao-ling Gao
- The Medical Laboratory Center, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-jiu Wang, ; Xiao-ling Gao, ; Jing Bai,
| | - Hong-jiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-jiu Wang, ; Xiao-ling Gao, ; Jing Bai,
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Abstract
Tumours exhibit notable metabolic alterations compared with their corresponding normal tissue counterparts. These metabolic alterations can support anabolic growth, enable survival in hostile environments and regulate gene expression programmes that promote malignant progression. Whether these metabolic changes are selected for during malignant transformation or can themselves be drivers of tumour initiation is unclear. However, intriguingly, many of the major bottlenecks for tumour initiation - control of cell fate, survival and proliferation - are all amenable to metabolic regulation. In this article, we review evidence demonstrating a critical role for metabolic pathways in processes that support the earliest stages of tumour development. We discuss how cell-intrinsic factors, such as the cell of origin or transforming oncogene, and cell-extrinsic factors, such as local nutrient availability, promote or restrain tumour initiation. Deeper insight into how metabolic pathways control tumour initiation will improve our ability to design metabolic interventions to limit tumour incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Brunner
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Ahmadi-Dehlaghi F, Mohammadi P, Valipour E, Pournaghi P, Kiani S, Mansouri K. Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36760166 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway conserved in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. This process plays a quality-control role by destroying harmful cellular components under normal conditions, maintaining cell survival, and establishing cellular adaptation under stressful conditions. Hence, there are various studies indicating dysfunctional autophagy as a factor involved in the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer. In addition, the importance of autophagy in the development of cancer has been highlighted by paradoxical roles, as a cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanism. Despite extensive research in the field of cancer, there are many questions and challenges about the roles and effects suggested for autophagy in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the paradoxical roles of autophagy in different tumors and related cancer treatment options. METHODS In this study, to find articles, a search was made in PubMed and Google scholar databases with the keywords Autophagy, Autophagy in Cancer Management, and Drug Design. RESULTS According to the investigation, some studies suggest that several advanced cancers are dependent on autophagy for cell survival, so when cancer cells are exposed to therapy, autophagy is induced and suppresses the anti-cancer effects of therapeutic agents and also results in cell resistance. However, enhanced autophagy from using anti-cancer drugs causes autophagy-mediated cell death in several cancers. Because autophagy also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion further research is needed to determine the precise mechanism of this process in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION We concluded in this article, autophagy manipulation may either promote or hinder the growth and development of cancer according to the origin of the cancer cells, the type of cancer, and the behavior of the cancer cells exposed to treatment. Thus, before starting treatment it is necessary to determine the basal levels of autophagy in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ahmadi-Dehlaghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Valipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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van Weverwijk A, de Visser KE. Mechanisms driving the immunoregulatory function of cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:193-215. [PMID: 36717668 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to immunotherapy. Shedding light on the mechanisms that govern the diversity and function of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment will pave the way for the development of more tailored immunomodulatory strategies for the benefit of patients with cancer. Cancer cells, by virtue of their paracrine and juxtacrine communication mechanisms, are key contributors to intertumour heterogeneity in immune contextures. In this Review, we discuss how cancer cell-intrinsic features, including (epi)genetic aberrations, signalling pathway deregulation and altered metabolism, play a key role in orchestrating the composition and functional state of the immune landscape, and influence the therapeutic benefit of immunomodulatory strategies. Moreover, we highlight how targeting cancer cell-intrinsic parameters or their downstream immunoregulatory pathways is a viable strategy to manipulate the tumour immune milieu in favour of antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette van Weverwijk
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
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28
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Wu JC, Wu GJ. METCAM Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Malignant Propensity of and as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010205. [PMID: 36672713 PMCID: PMC9855335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This is because it is still unknown why indolent prostate cancer becomes an aggressive one, though many risk factors for this type of cancer have been suggested. Currently, many diagnostic markers have been suggested for predicting malignant prostatic carcinoma cancer; however, only a few, such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen), Prostate Health Index (PHI), and PCA3, have been approved by the FDA. However, each biomarker has its merits as well as shortcomings. The serum PSA test is incapable of differentiating prostate cancer from BPH and also has an about 25% false-positive prediction rate for the malignant status of cancer. The PHI test has the potential to replace the PSA test for the discrimination of BPH from prostate cancer and for the prediction of high-grade cancer avoiding unnecessary biopsies; however, the free form of PSA is unstable and expensive. PCA3 is not associated with locally advanced disease and is limited in terms of its prediction of aggressive cancer. Currently, several urine biomarkers have shown high potential in terms of being used to replace circulating biomarkers, which require a more invasive method of sample collection, such as via serum. Currently, the combined multiple tumor biomarkers may turn out to be a major trend in the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment effectiveness of prostate cancer. Thus, there is still a need to search for more novel biomarkers to develop a perfect cocktail, which consists of multiple biomarkers, in order to predict malignant prostate cancer and follow the efficacy of the treatment. We have discovered that METCAM, a cell adhesion molecule in the Ig-like superfamily, has great potential regarding its use as a biomarker for differentiating prostate cancer from BPH, predicting the malignant propensity of prostate cancer at the early premalignant stage, and differentiating indolent prostate cancers from aggressive cancers. Since METCAM has also been shown to be able to initiate the spread of prostate cancer cell lines to multiple organs, we suggest that it may be used as a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of patients with malignant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chuang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
- Research Center for Circular Economy, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Jer Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zaryouh H, Van Loenhout J, Peeters M, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, Wouters A. Co-Targeting the EGFR and PI3K/Akt Pathway to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What about Autophagy? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246128. [PMID: 36551613 PMCID: PMC9776372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy is a major obstacle on the road to effective treatment options for head and neck cancers. During the search for underlying mechanisms and regulators of this resistance, there were several indications that EGFR-targeted therapy resistance is (partially) mediated by aberrant signaling of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Genomic alterations in and/or overexpression of major components of the PI3K/Akt pathway are common in HNSCC tumors. Therefore, downstream effectors of the PI3K/Akt pathway serve as promising targets in the search for novel therapeutic strategies overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors. As both the EGFR/Ras/Raf/MAPK and the PI3K/Akt pathway are involved in autophagy, combinations of EGFR and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors can induce an autophagic response in tumor cells. This activation of autophagy can be seen as a "double-edge sword", depending on the cellular context. Autophagy is largely known as a cytoprotective mechanism, but it can also be a mechanism of programmed (autophagic) cell death. The activation of autophagy during anti-cancer treatment is, therefore, not necessarily a bad sign. However, in HNSCC, the role of therapy-induced autophagy as an anti-tumor mechanism is still largely unclear. Further research is warranted to understand the potential of combination treatments targeting both the EGFR and PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zaryouh
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-265-25-33
| | - Jinthe Van Loenhout
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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30
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Lazuardi M, Suharjono S, Chien CH, He JL, Lee CW, Peng CK, Sukmanadi M, Sugihartuti R, Maslachah L. Toxicity test of flavonoid compounds from the leaves of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. using in vitro culture cell models. Vet World 2022; 15:2896-2902. [PMID: 36718322 PMCID: PMC9880835 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2896-2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The flavonoids from mistletoe are thought to have antimicrobial action. This encouraging finding supports the benefits of medicinal plants as a substitute for synthetic antimicrobials, thus promoting healthy lifestyles. In contrast, it is known that the use of topical drug formulations made from flavonoids of mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Loranthaceae) with Indonesian name, Benalu duku (BD) is required in skin cell irritation. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the flavonoid substances of BD, as an initial screening. Materials and Methods A myeloma cell line was cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium, and the Baby Hamster Kidney clone 12 (BHK21) cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium from stock (±9 × 107 cells/mL), and 1.2 mL of culture were distributed into each well of a microtiter plate. Subsequently, 0.2 mL of serially diluted flavonoid compounds (0.5-3 μg/mL) were added to 12 wells for each concentration, as trial groups (including control groups), followed by a 2-day incubation. Observations were performed based on the cytopathic effect (CPE) using an inverted microscope at a magnification of 100×. Results Cytopathic effect was detected on the microtiter plate wells for the groups of myeloma and BHK21 cells at a flavonoid concentration of 0.5 μg/mL-3 μg/mL. Conclusion Flavonoid compounds from BD were safely used for topical treatment of cancer cells at a concentration <2.491 μg/mL, whereas for non-cancerous cells, a concentration <2.582 μg/mL was sufficient (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Lazuardi
- Sub-division Veterinary-Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Road, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Mochamad Lazuardi, e-mail: Co-authors: SS: , CC: , JH: , CL: , CP: , MS: , RS: , LM:
| | - Suharjono Suharjono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Road, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chi-Hsien Chien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Long He
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kang Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Sukmanadi
- Sub-division Veterinary-Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Road, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Sugihartuti
- Sub-division Veterinary-Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Road, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lilik Maslachah
- Sub-division Veterinary-Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Road, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Martelli A, Omrani M, Zarghooni M, Citi V, Brogi S, Calderone V, Sureda A, Lorzadeh S, da Silva Rosa SC, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Los MJ, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Mehrbod P, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzieh Omrani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumna, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C. da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Beniamin Oscar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- GynCentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Los
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite 62760-000, Brazil
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre, Via Cortenocera, 82030 San Salvatore Telesino, Italy
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Shao X, Hua S, Feng T, Ocansey DKW, Yin L. Hypoxia-Regulated Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Tumor Progression: A Focus on Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911789. [PMID: 36233088 PMCID: PMC9570495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express a high quantity of exosomes packaged with unique cargos under hypoxia, an important characteristic feature in solid tumors. These hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes are, crucially, involved in the interaction of cancer cells with their microenvironment, facilitating not only immune evasion, but increased cell growth and survival, enhanced angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), therapeutic resistance, autophagy, pre-metastasis, and metastasis. This paper explores the tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling effects of hypoxic tumor-derived exosome towards facilitating the tumor progression process, particularly, the modulatory role of these factors on tumor cell immune evasion through suppression of immune cells, expression of surface recognition molecules, and secretion of antitumor soluble factor. Tumor-expressed exosomes educate immune effector cells, including macrophages, monocytes, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), γδ T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mast cells, and B cells, within the hypoxic TME through the release of factors that regulate their recruitment, phenotype, and function. Thus, both hypoxia and tumor-derived exosomes modulate immune cells, growth factors, cytokines, receptor molecules, and other soluble factors, which, together, collaborate to form the immune-suppressive milieu of the tumor environment. Exploring the contribution of exosomal cargos, such as RNAs and proteins, as indispensable players in the cross-talk within the hypoxic tumor microenvironmental provides a potential target for antitumor immunity or subverting immune evasion and enhancing tumor therapies.
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Jovanović L, Nikolić A, Dragičević S, Jović M, Janković R. Prognostic relevance of autophagy-related markers p62, LC3, and Beclin1 in ovarian cancer. Croat Med J 2022; 63. [PMID: 36325670 PMCID: PMC9648085 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2022.63.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the expression of autophagy markers p62, LC3, and Beclin1 in ovarian cancer tissue and evaluate the prognostic potential of these markers. METHODS The study enrolled 328 patients: 122 with epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 42 with atypical proliferative tumor, and 164 with benign epithelial ovarian tumor. The expression of p62, LC3, and Beclin1 was analyzed in central and invasive tumor segments with immunohistochemistry combined with tissue microarray. The expression levels of the analyzed markers were correlated with relevant histopathology parameters. RESULTS The expression of all analyzed markers was most remarkable in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. There was a strong positive correlation between the expressions of p62 and LC3, while these two markers negatively correlated with Beclin1. High-grade serous carcinoma had higher p62 and LC3 levels, and lower Beclin1 levels than other tumor types. This expression profile was also observed in more advanced tumor stages. CONCLUSION Prominent p62 and LC3 expression in combination with weak Beclin1 expression in high-grade serous carcinoma indicates potential for the application of autophagy inhibitors in patients with this tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubiša Jovanović
- Department of Pathology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Dragičević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Jović
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Janković
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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The effect of lactoferrin on ULK1 and ATG13 genes expression in breast cancer cell line MCF7 and bioinformatics studies of protein interaction between lactoferrin and the autophagy initiation complex. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:795-806. [PMID: 36169801 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the study of autophagy and its mechanism on the cancer cell growth process has received much attention. lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein with various biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancer, etc. In the present study, the effect of different concentrations of lactoferrin on the expression of ULK1 and ATG13 genes was evaluated in breast cancer cell line MCF7 using real-time PCR technique as well as the molecular mechanism of these two genes and their proteins in the autophagy pathway and the relationship between lactoferrin and these proteins were investigated by bioinformatics studies. The result showed that the expression of the ULK1 gene at a concentration of 500 μg/ml of lactoferrin was significantly (P < 0.007) increased compared to the control and two other concentrations. Also, the expression of the ATG13 gene at all three concentrations was not significantly different from each other and compared to the control (P = 0.635). In the immunoblot of ULK1 protein at a concentration of 500 µg, more protein expression was observed. The binding mode of lactoferrin with ULK1, ATG13, and ATG101 proteins was obtained using docking. According to docking results, the N-lobe region of lactoferrin interacts with the PS domain of the ULK1 protein, and the N-lobe region of lactoferrin interacts with the horma domain of the ATG 13 and ATG101 proteins. The results show that lactoferrin, in addition to acting on the gene, interacts with ULK1, ATG13, and ATG101 proteins. Since all three proteins are components of the autophagy initiation complex, lactoferrin can induce autophagy in this way.
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Santana-Codina N, del Rey MQ, Kapner KS, Zhang H, Gikandi A, Malcolm C, Poupault C, Kuljanin M, John KM, Biancur DE, Chen B, Das NK, Lowder KE, Hennessey CJ, Huang W, Yang A, Shah YM, Nowak JA, Aguirre AJ, Mancias JD. NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy Is a Pancreatic Cancer Dependency via Maintenance of Iron Bioavailability for Iron-Sulfur Cluster Proteins. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2180-2197. [PMID: 35771492 PMCID: PMC9437572 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) depend on autophagy for survival; however, the metabolic substrates that autophagy provides to drive PDAC progression are unclear. Ferritin, the cellular iron storage complex, is targeted for lysosomal degradation (ferritinophagy) by the selective autophagy adaptor NCOA4, resulting in release of iron for cellular utilization. Using patient-derived and murine models of PDAC, we demonstrate that ferritinophagy is upregulated in PDAC to sustain iron availability, thereby promoting tumor progression. Quantitative proteomics reveals that ferritinophagy fuels iron-sulfur cluster protein synthesis to support mitochondrial homeostasis. Targeting NCOA4 leads to tumor growth delay and prolonged survival but with the development of compensatory iron acquisition pathways. Finally, enhanced ferritinophagy accelerates PDAC tumorigenesis, and an elevated ferritinophagy expression signature predicts for poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Together, our data reveal that the maintenance of iron homeostasis is a critical function of PDAC autophagy, and we define NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy as a therapeutic target in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy and iron metabolism are metabolic dependencies in PDAC. However, targeted therapies for these pathways are lacking. We identify NCOA4-mediated selective autophagy of ferritin ("ferritinophagy") as upregulated in PDAC. Ferritinophagy supports PDAC iron metabolism and thereby tumor progression and represents a new therapeutic target in PDAC. See related commentary by Jain and Amaravadi, p. 2023. See related article by Ravichandran et al., p. 2198. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Quiles del Rey
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin S. Kapner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huan Zhang
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ajami Gikandi
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Callum Malcolm
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Poupault
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen M. John
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas E. Biancur
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nupur K. Das
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kristen E. Lowder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connor J. Hennessey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Annan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J. Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph D. Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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c-Myc-Regulated lncRNA-IGFBP4 Suppresses Autophagy in Cervical Cancer-Originated HeLa Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7240646. [PMID: 36072894 PMCID: PMC9444448 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7240646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs are known to regulate a plethora of key events of cellular processes; however, little is known about the function of lncRNAs in autophagy. Here in the current study, we report lncRNA-IGFBP4 which has previously been known to regulate the proliferation and reprogramming of cancer cells, but its role in autophagy is not yet known. We found that serum starvation provokes autophagy-induced downregulation of lncRNA-IGFBP4 levels. Next, we determined that c-Myc can negatively regulate lncRNA-IGFBP4 in HeLa cells. Phenotypically, we found that upon depletion of lncRNA-IGFBP4, the HeLa cells undergo autophagy through ULK1/Beclin1 signaling. Furthermore, through TCGA data analysis, we found lncRNA-IGFB4 overexpressed in most cancers including cervical cancer. Based on these findings, we conclude that c-Myc maintains cellular homeostasis through negatively regulating lncRNA-IGFBP4 in cervical cancer cells.
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Kim KH, Hong GL, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Jung JY. Silencing of LLGL2 Suppresses the Estradiol-Induced BPH-1 Cell Proliferation through the Regulation of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081981. [PMID: 36009528 PMCID: PMC9406103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) is an apical-basal polarity gene first identified in Drosophila. LLGL2 is one of the mammalian homologs of Lgl. However, little is known about its function in the prostate. In this study, to explore the new role of LLGL2 in the prostate, we examined the proliferative activity of a BPH-1 cell line, a well-established model for the human prostate biology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The expression of LLGL2 was dose-dependently increased in BPH-1 cells after treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2). Additionally, E2 treatment increased the proliferation of the BPH-1 cells. However, the knockdown of LLGL2 with siRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of the E2-treated BPH-1 cells. Moreover, si-llgl2 treatment up-regulated the expression of LC-3B, ATG7, and p-beclin, which are known to play a pivotal role in autophagosome formation in E2-treated BPH-1 cells. Overexpression of LLGL2 was able to further prove these findings by showing the opposite results from the knockdown of LLGL2 in E2-treated BPH-1 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that LLGL2 is closely involved in the proliferation of prostate cells by regulating autophagosome formation. These results provide a better understanding of the mechanism involved in the effect of LLGL2 on prostate cell proliferation. LLGL2 might serve as a potential target in the diagnosis and/or treatment of human BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ju-Young Jung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-8899; Fax: +82-42-821-7926
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Karpathiou G, Mobarki M, Papoudou-Bai A, Grosjean V, Chauleur C, Péoc’h M. Autophagic factors in Paget disease. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:154001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Majeed ST, Majeed R, Andrabi KI. Expanding the view of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3257-3277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Kashmir Ganderbal Jammu and Kashmir India
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Khurshid I. Andrabi
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
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Yao H, Gong X, Geng M, Duan S, Qiao P, Sun F, Zhu Z, Du B. Cascade nanozymes based on the "butterfly effect" for enhanced starvation therapy through the regulation of autophagy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4008-4022. [PMID: 35726640 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00595f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor starvation therapy has been proven to be an excellent method for tumor therapy, its efficiency may be weakened by autophagy, a self-protection mechanism exerted by tumors under starvation stress. Interestingly, over-activated autophagy not only improves the efficacy of starvation therapy, but also induces autophagic death. Herein, we report cascade nanozymes for enhanced starvation therapy by inducing over-activated autophagy. First, glucose oxidase (GOx) modified metal-organic frameworks (NH2-MIL88, MOF) were constructed (MOF-GOx). After loading with curcumin (Cur), Cur@MOF-GOx was further decorated with tumor-targeting hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain Cur@MOF-GOx/HA nanozymes. GOx can catalyze glucose into H2O2 and gluconic acid, which not only leads to tumor starvation, but also provides reactants for the Fenton reaction mediated by the MOF to generate hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) for chemo-dynamic therapy. Most importantly, protective autophagy caused by tumor starvation can be over-activated by Cur to convert autophagy from pro-survival to pro-death, realizing augmented anticancer therapy efficacy. With these cascade reactions, the synergistic action of starvation, autophagy and chemo-dynamic therapy was realized. Generally, the introduction of Cur@MOF-GOx/HA into tumor cells leads to a "butterfly effect", which induces enhanced starvation therapy through subsequent autophagic cell death to completely break the self-protective mechanism of cancer cells, and generate ˙OH for chemo-dynamic therapy. Precise design allows for the use of cascade nanozymes to realize efficient cancer treatment and restrain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songchao Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Diclofenac: A Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Inducing Cancer Cell Death by Inhibiting Microtubule Polymerization and Autophagy Flux. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051009. [PMID: 35624874 PMCID: PMC9138099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat inflammatory diseases induces cellular toxicity by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairing autophagic flux. In this study, we investigated whether diclofenac induces cancer cell death and the mechanism by which diclofenac causes cell death. We observed that diclofenac induces mitotic arrest with a half-maximal effective concentration of 170 μM and cell death with a half-maximal lethal dose of 200 µM during 18-h incubation in HeLa cells. Cellular microtubule imaging and in vitro tubulin polymerization assays demonstrated that treatment with diclofenac elicits microtubule destabilization. Autophagy relies on microtubule-mediated transport and the fusion of autophagic vesicles. We observed that diclofenac inhibits both phagophore movement, an early step of autophagy, and the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, a late step of autophagy. Diclofenac also induces the fragmentation of mitochondria and the Golgi during cell death. We found that diclofenac induces cell death further in combination with 5-fuorouracil, a DNA replication inhibitor than in single treatment in cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cells, which have high basal autophagy, are particularly sensitive to cell death by diclofenac. Our study suggests that microtubule destabilization by diclofenac induces cancer cell death via compromised spindle assembly checkpoints and increased ROS through impaired autophagy flux. Diclofenac may be a candidate therapeutic drug in certain type of cancers by inhibiting microtubule-mediated cellular events in combination with clinically utilized nucleoside metabolic inhibitors, including 5-fluorouracil, to block cancer cell proliferation.
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Alisol B 23-Acetate Increases the Antitumor Effect of Bufalin on Liver Cancer through Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6249534. [PMID: 35572840 PMCID: PMC9106498 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6249534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Liver cancer seriously threatens the health of people. Meanwhile, it has been reported that bufalin could act as an inhibitor in liver cancer. In addition, alisol B 23-acetate is a natural product derived from Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn which has an antitumor effect. In this study, we aimed to explore whether alisol B 23-acetate could increase the antitumor effect of bufalin on liver cancer. Methods In order to detect the effect of alisol B 23-acetate in combination with bufalin on liver cancer, human liver cancer SMMC-7721 and MHCC97 cells were used as subjects. Bufalin and alisol B 23-acetate were performed on cells. Cell viability was tested by MTT assay. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to assess the cell apoptosis. Autophagy-related protein levels were tested by western blotting. Results The data revealed that bufalin significantly decreased the viability of liver cancer cells, and the inhibitory effect was further increased by alisol B 23-acetate. In addition, alisol B 23-acetate notably enhanced the apoptotic effect of bufalin on liver cancer cells through mediation of Mcl-1, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Meanwhile, alisol B 23-acetate in combination with bufalin induced the autophagy in liver cancer cells through mediation of Beclin-1 and p62. Furthermore, alisol B 23-acetate in combination with bufalin significantly downregulated the level of GSK-3β and increased the expression of β-catenin in liver cancer cells. Conclusion In summary, these findings provide the first evidence that alisol B 23-acetate improves the anticancer activity of bufalin on liver cancer through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin axis, and these outcomes might shed new lights on exploring the new methods against liver cancer.
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Wang XR, Jiang ZB, Xu C, Meng WY, Liu P, Zhang YZ, Xie C, Xu JY, Xie YJ, Liang TL, Yan HX, Fan XX, Yao XJ, Wu QB, Leung ELH. Andrographolide suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer progression through induction of autophagy and antitumor immune response. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohsen S, Sobash PT, Algwaiz GF, Nasef N, Al-Zeidaneen SA, Karim NA. Autophagy Agents in Clinical Trials for Cancer Therapy: A Brief Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1695-1708. [PMID: 35323341 PMCID: PMC8946974 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been of novel interest since it was first demonstrated to have effect in Burkitt's lymphoma. Since that time, the autophagy agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have become the only FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved autophagy inhibitors. While not approved for cancer therapy, there are ongoing clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. Pevonedistat has emerged as a novel inhibitor through the neddylation pathway and is an autophagy activator. This paper summarizes and presents current clinical trials for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), and Pevonedistat for the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Mohsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Philip T. Sobash
- Department of Internal Medicine, White River Health System, Batesville, AR 72501, USA;
| | - Ghada Fahad Algwaiz
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Al Mathar Ash Shamali, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noor Nasef
- College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 72501, USA;
| | - Safaa Abed Al-Zeidaneen
- Department of Allied Medical Science, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, As-Salt 2PF8+XM, Jordan;
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Different Cell Responses to Hinokitiol Treatment Result in Senescence or Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031632. [PMID: 35163553 PMCID: PMC8835861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hinokitiol is a tropolone-related compound isolated from the heartwood of cupressaceous plants. It is known to exhibit various biological functions including antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. In the study, we investigated the antitumor activities of hinokitiol against human osteosarcoma cells. The results revealed that hinokitiol treatment inhibited cell viability of human osteosarcoma U-2 OS and MG-63 cells in the MTT assay. Further study revealed that hinokitiol exposure caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase and a DNA damage response with the induction of γ-H2AX foci in both osteosarcoma cell lines. In U-2 OS cells with wild-type tumor suppressor p53, we found that hinokitiol exposure induced p53 expression and cellular senescence, and knockdown of p53 suppressed the senescence. However, in MG-63 cells with mutated p53, a high percentage of cells underwent apoptosis with cleaved-PARP expression and Annexin V staining after hinokitiol treatment. In addition, up-regulated autophagy was observed both in hinokitiol-exposed U-2 OS and MG-63 cells. As the autophagy was suppressed through the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, hinokitiol-induced senescence in U-2 OS cells was significantly enhanced accompanying more abundant p53 expression. In MG-63 cells, co-treatment of chloroquine increased hinokitiol-induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability of the treated cells. Our data revealed that hinokitiol treatment could result in different cell responses, senescence or apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines, and suppression of autophagy could promote these effects. We hypothesize that the analysis of p53 status and co-administration of autophagy inhibitors might provide more precise and efficacious therapies in hinokitiol-related trials for treating osteosarcoma.
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Xu P, Wang H, Pan H, Chen J, Deng C. Anlotinib combined with temozolomide suppresses glioblastoma growth via mediation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:183-196. [PMID: 34997858 PMCID: PMC8807469 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Anlotinib protects against carcinogenesis through the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. The current study evaluated the role and molecular mechanisms of anlotinib in glioblastoma, and the effects of anlotinib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony-forming assays were used to evaluate cell viability. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound-healing, Transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. Cellular apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were determined by flow cytometry. Angiogenesis was assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was determined by western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The in vivo anti-glioblastoma effect was assessed with live imaging of tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results Anlotinib restricted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Tumor supernatant from glioblastoma cells treated with anlotinib inhibited angiogenesis in HUVECs. Anlotinib induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells by increasing Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) levels. Mechanistically, anlotinib inhibited the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/VEGFA signaling pathway. STAT3 inhibition by S3I-201 decreased VEGFA and suppressed cellular proliferation and movement. TMZ enhanced the anti-glioblastoma ability of anlotinib. Finally, anlotinib inhibited tumor growth and JAK2/STAT3/VEGFA signaling in xenografts. Conclusion Anlotinib exerts anti-glioblastoma activity possibly through the JAK2/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. TMZ potentiated the anti-glioblastoma effect of anlotinib via the same signaling pathway, indicating the potential application of anlotinib as a treatment option for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiakai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chulei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
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Ripszky Totan A, Greabu M, Stanescu-Spinu II, Imre M, Spinu TC, Miricescu D, Ilinca R, Coculescu EC, Badoiu SC, Coculescu BI, Albu C. The Yin and Yang dualistic features of autophagy in thermal burn wound healing. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221125090. [PMID: 36121435 PMCID: PMC9490459 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221125090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn healing should be regarded as a dynamic process consisting of two main, interrelated phases: (a) the inflammatory phase when neutrophils and monocytes infiltrate the injury site, through localized vasodilation and fluid extravasation, and (b) the proliferative-remodeling phase, which represents a key event in wound healing. In the skin, both canonical autophagy (induced by starvation, oxidative stress, and environmental aggressions) and non-canonical or selective autophagy have evolved to play a discrete, but, essential, “housekeeping” role, for homeostasis, immune tolerance, and survival. Experimental data supporting the pro-survival roles of autophagy, highlighting its Yang, luminous and positive feature of this complex but insufficient explored molecular pathway, have been reported. Autophagic cell death describes an “excessive” degradation of important cellular components that are necessary for normal cell function. This deadly molecular mechanism brings to light the darker, concealed, Yin feature of autophagy. Autophagy seems to perform dual, conflicting roles in the angiogenesis context, revealing once again, its Yin–Yang features. Autophagy with its Yin–Yang features remains the shadow player, able to decide quietly whether the cell survives or dies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Tudor-Claudiu Spinu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, 367124Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Biophysics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Elena Claudia Coculescu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Romania
| | - Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ioan Coculescu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Crenguta Albu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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HDAC6 Inhibition Extinguishes Autophagy in Cancer: Recent Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246280. [PMID: 34944907 PMCID: PMC8699196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is an essential process in cell recycling, and its involvement in cancer has been increasingly recognized in the last few decades. This mechanism acts as a double-edged sword in tumor progression and is known to either block or promote tumorigenesis in a context-specific manner. Its role in determining chemotherapeutic resistance makes it a potential target in cancer treatment. The two autophagic inhibitors hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are currently used in the clinic but cause several side effects in tumor patients. Since recent studies also show that epigenetic enzymes such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are able to modulate autophagy, this review focuses on the ability of HDAC6 to actively regulate the autophagic process. We also explore the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in adjuvant treatment or in combination with autophagic modulators to trigger this mechanism, thus avoiding the occurrence and effects of chemoresistance. Abstract Autophagy is an essential intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles regulating cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism. Its activation enhances cellular tolerance to various stresses and is known to be involved in drug resistance. In cancer, autophagy has a dual role in either promoting or blocking tumorigenesis, and recent studies indicate that epigenetic regulation is involved in its mechanism of action in this context. Specifically, the ubiquitin-binding histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme HDAC6 is known to be an important player in modulating autophagy. Epigenetic modulators, such as HDAC inhibitors, mediate this process in different ways and are already undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the role of epigenetic modifications, particularly HDAC-mediated modifications, in controlling autophagy in cancer. We focus on the controversy surrounding their ability to promote or block tumor progression and explore the impact of HDAC6 inhibitors on autophagy modulation in cancer. In light of the fact that targeted drug therapy for cancer patients is attracting ever increasing interest within the research community and in society at large, we discuss the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as adjuvants and/or in combination with conventional treatments to overcome autophagy-related mechanisms of resistance.
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Yang Y, Chen X, Yao W, Cui X, Li N, Lin Z, Zhao B, Miao J. Esterase D stabilizes FKBP25 to suppress mTORC1. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:50. [PMID: 34875997 PMCID: PMC8903700 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esterase D (ESD) is a nonspecific esterase that detoxifies formaldehyde. Many reports have stated that ESD activity is associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the detailed signaling pathway of ESD remains poorly understood. Methods Considering the advantages of the small chemical molecule, our recent work demonstrated that 4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) phenol (FPD5) activates ESD, and will be a good tool for studying ESD further. Firstly, we determined the interaction between ESD and FK506 binding protein 25 (FKBP25) by yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and analyzed the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1, P70S6K and 4EBP1 by western blot. Furthermore, we used the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to analyze cell viability in vitro and in vivo after treatment with ESD activator FPD5. Results We screened FKBP25 as a candidate protein to interact with ESD by yeast two-hybrid assay. Then we verified the interaction between ESD and endogenous FKBP25 or ectopically expressed GFP-FKBP25 by CO-IP. Moreover, the N-terminus (1–90 aa) domain of FKBP25 served as the crucial element for their interaction. More importantly, ESD reduced the K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains of FKBP25 and thus stabilized cytoplasmic FKBP25. ESD also promoted FKBP25 to bind more mTORC1, suppressing the activity of mTORC1. In addition, ESD suppressed tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo through autophagy. Conclusions These findings provide novel evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of ESD and ubiquitination of FKBP25 to regulate autophagy and cancer cell growth. The ESD/FKBP25/mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in inhibiting tumor cell growth via regulating autophagy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-021-00297-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Typical Wild Vegetable Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoMin Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Guan Q, Zhou LL, Dong YB. Ferroptosis in cancer therapeutics: a materials chemistry perspective. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8906-8936. [PMID: 34505861 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is a regulated form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation that has attracted extensive research interest since it was first defined in 2012. Over the past five years, an increasing number of studies have revealed the close relationship between ferroptosis and materials chemistry, in particular nanobiotechnology, and have concluded that nanotechnology-triggered ferroptosis is an efficient and promising antitumor strategy that provides an alternative therapeutic approach, especially for apoptosis-resistant tumors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ferroptosis-induced tumor therapy at the intersection of materials chemistry, redox biology, and tumor biology. The biological features and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis are first outlined, followed by a summary of the feasible strategies to induce ferroptosis using nanomaterials and the applications of ferroptosis in combined tumor therapy. Finally, the existing challenges and future development directions in this emerging field are discussed, with the aim of promoting the progress of ferroptosis-based oncotherapy in materials science and nanoscience and enriching the antitumor arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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