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Mandrycky C, Ishida T, Rayner SG, Heck AM, Hadland B, Zheng Y. Under pressure: integrated endothelial cell response to hydrostatic and shear stresses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596749. [PMID: 38854073 PMCID: PMC11160699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood flow within the vasculature is a critical determinant of endothelial cell (EC) identity and functionality, yet the intricate interplay of various hemodynamic forces and their collective impact on endothelial and vascular responses are not fully understood. Specifically, the role of hydrostatic pressure in the EC flow response is understudied, despite its known significance in vascular development and disease. To address this gap, we developed in vitro models to investigate how pressure influences EC responses to flow. Our study demonstrates that elevated pressure conditions significantly modify shear-induced flow alignment and increase endothelial cell density. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that, while shear stress remains the primary driver of flow-induced transcriptional changes, pressure modulates shear-induced signaling in a dose-dependent manner. These pressure-responsive transcriptional signatures identified in human ECs were conserved during the onset of circulation in early mouse embryonic vascular development, where pressure was notably associated with transcriptional programs essential to arterial and hemogenic EC fates. Our findings suggest that pressure plays a synergistic role with shear stress on ECs and emphasizes the need for an integrative approach to endothelial cell mechanotransduction, one that encompasses the effects induced by pressure alongside other hemodynamic forces.
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2
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Li H, Luo Q, Shan W, Cai S, Tie R, Xu Y, Lin Y, Qian P, Huang H. Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5881-5902. [PMID: 34232331 PMCID: PMC8316214 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community's perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Greenspan LJ, Weinstein BM. To be or not to be: endothelial cell plasticity in development, repair, and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:251-269. [PMID: 33449300 PMCID: PMC8205957 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells display an extraordinary plasticity both during development and throughout adult life. During early development, endothelial cells assume arterial, venous, or lymphatic identity, while selected endothelial cells undergo additional fate changes to become hematopoietic progenitor, cardiac valve, and other cell types. Adult endothelial cells are some of the longest-lived cells in the body and their participation as stable components of the vascular wall is critical for the proper function of both the circulatory and lymphatic systems, yet these cells also display a remarkable capacity to undergo changes in their differentiated identity during injury, disease, and even normal physiological changes in the vasculature. Here, we discuss how endothelial cells become specified during development as arterial, venous, or lymphatic endothelial cells or convert into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or cardiac valve cells. We compare findings from in vitro and in vivo studies with a focus on the zebrafish as a valuable model for exploring the signaling pathways and environmental cues that drive these transitions. We also discuss how endothelial plasticity can aid in revascularization and repair of tissue after damage- but may have detrimental consequences under disease conditions. By better understanding endothelial plasticity and the mechanisms underlying endothelial fate transitions, we can begin to explore new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Greenspan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Liu M, Wang D, Gu S, Tian B, Liang J, Suo Q, Zhang Z, Yang G, Zhou Y, Li S. Micro/nano materials regulate cell morphology and intercellular communication by extracellular vesicles. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:130-138. [PMID: 33567350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important nano-cargo carriers for cell-cell communication, yet how biophysical factors regulate EV-mediated signaling is not well understood. Here we show that microgrooves can modulate the morphology of endothelial cells (ECs), and regulate the phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through EVs in co-culture. Elongated ECs, in comparison with polygonal ECs, increased the expression of contractile markers in SMCs. Depletion of EVs in the culture medium abolished this effect. Further analysis demonstrated that elongated ECs significantly upregulated miR-143/miR-145, leading to the increase of these microRNAs in EC-secreted EVs that were transferred to SMCs under a co-culture condition. Inhibition of EV secretion from ECs abolished the EC-SMC communication and the increased expression of SMC contractile markers. Moreover, electrospun nano-fibrous scaffolds with aligned fibers had the same effects as microgrooves to induce EC secretion of EVs to regulate SMC phenotypic marker expression. These results demonstrate that micro and nano materials can be used to engineer cell morphology and regulate EV secretion for cell-cell communication, which will have significant implications in the engineering of blood vessels and other tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By manipulating EC morphology with micro/nano materials, we show that EV-mediated signaling can regulate SMC phenotypic marker expression. This is a very thorough and unique study to demonstrate the function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important nano-carriers in cell-cell communication. The originality of this study is to demonstrate that EC morphology modulates the phenotype of smooth muscle cells via extracellular vesicles enclosing miR143/miR145. These findings underscore the important role of biophysical changes in cell-cell communications, and provide a rational basis for engineering micro/nano materials to control cell-cell communications for cell and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuangying Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Baoxiang Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qian Suo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Horton PD, Dumbali SP, Bhanu KR, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 33937868 PMCID: PMC8087251 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT. Moreover, expansion of the stem cell pool during embryogenesis requires HSC extravasation into the circulatory system and transit to the fetal liver, which is regulated by forces generated by blood flow. Findings from other cell types also suggest that forces external to the cell are sensed by the nucleus and mitochondria. Interactions between these organelles and the actin cytoskeleton dictate processes such as cell polarization, extrusion, division, survival, and differentiation. SUMMARY Despite challenges of measuring and modeling biophysical cues in the embryonic HSC niche, the past decade has revealed critical roles for mechanotransduction in governing HSC fate decisions. Lessons learned from the study of the embryonic hematopoietic niche promise to provide critical insights that could be leveraged for improvement in HSC generation and expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep P. Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithikaa Rajkumar Bhanu
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel F. Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Luo Q, Xu X, He X, Wang S, Sun Q, Zheng J. Pulmonary Hypoplasia Resulting from Pulmonary Artery Banding in Infancy: A Neonatal Rat Model Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:397-407. [PMID: 33151352 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a neonatal rat model of decreased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) for studying pulmonary pathophysiological changes in newborn lung development with reduced PBF. Horizontal thoracotomy surgery with banding of the main pulmonary artery (PA) was performed on 30 rats in the PA banding (PAB) group and without banding on another 30 rats in the sham group within 6 h after birth. The body growth and mortality were recorded. Constriction of PA was checked by echocardiography on postnatal day 7 (P7). Lung morphology was assessed with computed tomography scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction. Histological differences of two groups were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and CD31 labeling with microscopic examination. PA ultrasound confirmed the establishment of constriction on P7. Relative to the sham group, the neonates' physical growth, survival fraction, and lung geometry volume were decreased in the PAB group over time (p < 0.05). Histologic appearance with reduced PBF characterized a markedly simplified alveolarization with noted lower radial alveolar count and alveolar septal thickness in the PAB group (p < 0.0001), pulmonary arteries with thinner/uneven membranous layers and smaller lumina. The deficient alveolar capillary bed, enhanced pulmonary collagen deposition, and increased apoptotic alveolar epithelium were significant in the PAB group compared to the sham group (p < 0.0001). A neonatal rat PAB model demonstrated that PBF reduction during early infancy impairs alveolarization and pulmonary microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiuxia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 58 Puyu East Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jinghao Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd., Shanghai, 200127, China.
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7
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HIF-1α promotes cellular growth in lymphatic endothelial cells exposed to chronically elevated pulmonary lymph flow. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1468. [PMID: 33446832 PMCID: PMC7809484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal growth and development of lymphatic structures depends on mechanical forces created by accumulating interstitial fluid. However, prolonged exposure to pathologic mechanical stimuli generated by chronically elevated lymph flow results in lymphatic dysfunction. The mechanisms that transduce these mechanical forces are not fully understood. Our objective was to investigate molecular mechanisms that alter the growth and metabolism of isolated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) exposed to prolonged pathologically elevated lymph flow in vivo within the anatomic and physiologic context of a large animal model of congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow using in vitro approaches. To this end, late gestation fetal lambs underwent in utero placement of an aortopulmonary graft (shunt). Four weeks after birth, LECs were isolated and cultured from control and shunt lambs. Redox status and proliferation were quantified, and transcriptional profiling and metabolomic analyses were performed. Shunt LECs exhibited hyperproliferative growth driven by increased levels of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α), along with upregulated expression of known HIF-1α target genes in response to mechanical stimuli and shear stress. Compared to control LECs, shunt LECs exhibited abnormal metabolism including abnormalities of glycolysis, the TCA cycle and aerobic respiration. In conclusion, LECs from lambs exposed in vivo to chronically increased pulmonary lymph flow are hyperproliferative, have enhanced expression of HIF-1α and its target genes, and demonstrate altered central carbon metabolism in vitro. Importantly, these findings suggest provocative therapeutic targets for patients with lymphatic abnormalities.
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8
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SMAD6 transduces endothelial cell flow responses required for blood vessel homeostasis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:387-398. [PMID: 33779885 PMCID: PMC8206051 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress provided by blood flow instigates a transition from active blood vessel network expansion during development, to vascular homeostasis and quiescence that is important for mature blood vessel function. Here we show that SMAD6 is required for endothelial cell flow-mediated responses leading to maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Concomitant manipulation of the mechanosensor Notch1 pathway and SMAD6 expression levels revealed that SMAD6 functions downstream of ligand-induced Notch signaling and transcription regulation. Mechanistically, full-length SMAD6 protein was needed to rescue Notch loss-induced flow misalignment. Endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 had defective barrier function accompanied by upregulation of proliferation-associated genes and down regulation of junction-associated genes. The vascular protocadherin PCDH12 was upregulated by SMAD6 and required for proper flow-mediated endothelial cell alignment, placing it downstream of SMAD6. Thus, SMAD6 is a required transducer of flow-mediated signaling inputs downstream of Notch1 and upstream of PCDH12, as vessels transition from an angiogenic phenotype to maintenance of a homeostatic phenotype.
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9
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Chen PY, Schwartz MA, Simons M. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Vascular Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:53. [PMID: 32478094 PMCID: PMC7232582 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by vascular inflammation and growth of atherosclerotic plaque that eventually lead to compromise of blood flow. The disease has proven to be remarkably resistant to multiple attempts at meaningful reversal including recent strategies targeting selective inflammatory mediators. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as a key driver of both vascular inflammation and plaque growth. A deeper understanding of EndMT provides new insights into the underlying biology of atherosclerosis, suggests likely molecular mechanism of atherosclerotic resistance, and identifies potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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10
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Elworthy S, Savage AM, Wilkinson RN, Malicki JJ, Chico TJA. The role of endothelial cilia in postembryonic vascular development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:410-425. [PMID: 30980582 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia are essential for morphogenesis and maintenance of many tissues. Loss-of-function of cilia in early Zebrafish development causes a range of vascular defects, including cerebral hemorrhage and reduced arterial vascular mural cell coverage. In contrast, loss of endothelial cilia in mice has little effect on vascular development. We therefore used a conditional rescue approach to induce endothelial cilia ablation after early embryonic development and examined the effect on vascular development and mural cell development in postembryonic, juvenile, and adult Zebrafish. RESULTS ift54(elipsa)-mutant Zebrafish are unable to form cilia. We rescued cilia formation and ameliorated the phenotype of ift54 mutants using a novel Tg(ubi:loxP-ift54-loxP-myr-mcherry,myl7:EGFP)sh488 transgene expressing wild-type ift54 flanked by recombinase sites, then used a Tg(kdrl:cre)s898 transgene to induce endothelial-specific inactivation of ift54 at postembryonic ages. Fish without endothelial ift54 function could survive to adulthood and exhibited no vascular defects. Endothelial inactivation of ift54 did not affect development of tagln-positive vascular mural cells around either the aorta or the caudal fin vessels, or formation of vessels after tail fin resection in adult animals. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cilia are not essential for development and remodeling of the vasculature in juvenile and adult Zebrafish when inactivated after embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Elworthy
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jarema J Malicki
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Hogan B, Shen Z, Zhang H, Misbah C, Barakat AI. Shear stress in the microvasculature: influence of red blood cell morphology and endothelial wall undulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1095-1109. [PMID: 30840162 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of red blood cells and the undulation of the endothelium on the shear stress in the microvasculature is studied numerically using the lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method. The results demonstrate a significant effect of both the undulation of the endothelium and red blood cells on wall shear stress. Our results also reveal that morphological alterations of red blood cells, as occur in certain pathologies, can significantly affect the values of wall shear stress. The resulting fluctuations in wall shear stress greatly exceed the nominal values, emphasizing the importance of the particulate nature of blood as well as a more realistic description of vessel wall geometry in the study of hemodynamic forces. We find that within the channel widths investigated, which correspond to those found in the microvasculature, the inverse minimum distance normalized to the channel width between the red blood cell and the wall is predictive of the maximum wall shear stress observed in straight channels with a flowing red blood cell. We find that the maximum wall shear stress varies several factors more over a range of capillary numbers (dimensionless number relating strength of flow to membrane elasticity) and reduced areas (measure of deflation of the red blood cell) than the minimum wall shear stress. We see that waviness reduces variation in minimum and maximum shear stresses among different capillary and reduced areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Hogan
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zaiyi Shen
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LiPhy), Université Joseph Fourier, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LiPhy), Université Joseph Fourier, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
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12
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Red-Horse K, Siekmann AF. Veins and Arteries Build Hierarchical Branching Patterns Differently: Bottom-Up versus Top-Down. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800198. [PMID: 30805984 PMCID: PMC6478158 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A tree-like hierarchical branching structure is present in many biological systems, such as the kidney, lung, mammary gland, and blood vessels. Most of these organs form through branching morphogenesis, where outward growth results in smaller and smaller branches. However, the blood vasculature is unique in that it exists as two trees (arterial and venous) connected at their tips. Obtaining this organization might therefore require unique developmental mechanisms. As reviewed here, recent data indicate that arterial trees often form in reverse order. Accordingly, initial arterial endothelial cell differentiation occurs outside of arterial vessels. These pre-artery cells then build trees by following a migratory path from smaller into larger arteries, a process guided by the forces imparted by blood flow. Thus, in comparison to other branched organs, arteries can obtain their structure through inward growth and coalescence. Here, new information on the underlying mechanisms is discussed, and how defects can lead to pathologies, such as hypoplastic arteries and arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 California,
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 Pennsylvania,
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13
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Arora S, Lam AJY, Cheung C, Yim EKF, Toh YC. Determination of critical shear stress for maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells towards an arterial subtype. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1164-1175. [PMID: 30597522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) present an attractive alternative to primary EC sources for vascular grafting. However, there is a need to mature them towards either an arterial or venous subtype. A vital environmental factor involved in the arteriovenous specification of ECs during early embryonic development is fluid shear stress; therefore, there have been attempts to employ adult arterial shear stress conditions to mature hPSC-ECs. However, hPSC-ECs are naïve to fluid shear stress, and their shear responses are still not well understood. Here, we used a multiplex microfluidic platform to systematically investigate the dose-time shear responses on hPSC-EC morphology and arterial-venous phenotypes over a range of magnitudes coincidental with physiological levels of embryonic and adult vasculatures. The device comprised of six parallel cell culture chambers that were individually linked to flow-setting resistance channels, allowing us to simultaneously apply shear stress ranging from 0.4 to 15 dyne/cm 2 . We found that hPSC-ECs required up to 40 hr of shear exposure to elicit a stable phenotypic change. Cell alignment was visible at shear stress <1 dyne/cm 2 , which was independent of shear stress magnitude and duration of exposure. We discovered that the arterial markers NOTCH1 and EphrinB2 exhibited a dose-dependent increase in a similar manner beyond a threshold level of 3.8 dyne/cm 2 , whereas the venous markers COUP-TFII and EphB4 expression remained relatively constant across different magnitudes. These findings indicated that hPSC-ECs were sensitive to relatively low magnitudes of shear stress, and a critical level of ~4 dyne/cm 2 was sufficient to preferentially enhance their maturation into an arterial phenotype for future vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Jing Ying Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Gomel MA, Lee R, Grande-Allen KJ. Comparing the Role of Mechanical Forces in Vascular and Valvular Calcification Progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 5:197. [PMID: 30687719 PMCID: PMC6335252 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcification is a prevalent disease in most fully developed countries and is predominantly observed in heart valves and nearby vasculature. Calcification of either tissue leads to deterioration and, ultimately, failure causing poor quality of life and decreased overall life expectancy in patients. In valves, calcification presents as Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD), in which the aortic valve becomes stenotic when calcific nodules form within the leaflets. The initiation and progression of these calcific nodules is strongly influenced by the varied mechanical forces on the valve. In turn, the addition of calcific nodules creates localized disturbances in the tissue biomechanics, which affects extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cellular activation. In vasculature, atherosclerosis is the most common occurrence of calcification. Atherosclerosis exhibits as calcific plaque formation that forms in juxtaposition to areas of low blood shear stresses. Research in these two manifestations of calcification remain separated, although many similarities persist. Both diseases show that the endothelial layer and its regulation of nitric oxide is crucial to calcification progression. Further, there are similarities between vascular smooth muscle cells and valvular interstitial cells in terms of their roles in ECM overproduction. This review summarizes valvular and vascular tissue in terms of their basic anatomy, their cellular and ECM components and mechanical forces. Calcification is then examined in both tissues in terms of disease prediction, progression, and treatment. Highlighting the similarities and differences between these areas will help target further research toward disease treatment.
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15
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Lakatos D, Somfai E, Méhes E, Czirók A. Soluble VEGFR1 signaling guides vascular patterns into dense branching morphologies. J Theor Biol 2018; 456:261-278. [PMID: 30086288 PMCID: PMC6292526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular patterning is a key process during development and disease. The diffusive decoy receptor sVEGFR1 (sFlt1) is a known regulator of endothelial cell behavior, yet the mechanism by which it controls vascular structure is little understood. We propose computational models to shed light on how vascular patterning is guided by self-organized gradients of the VEGF/sVEGFR1 factors. We demonstrate that a diffusive inhibitor can generate structures with a dense branching morphology in models where the activator elicits directed growth. Inadequate presence of the inhibitor leads to compact growth, while excessive production of the inhibitor blocks expansion and stabilizes existing structures. Model predictions were compared with time-resolved experimental data obtained from endothelial sprout kinetics in fibrin gels. In the presence of inhibitory antibodies against VEGFR1 vascular sprout density increases while the speed of sprout expansion remains unchanged. Thus, the rate of secretion and stability of extracellular sVEGFR1 can modulate vascular sprout density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Lakatos
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ellák Somfai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czirók
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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16
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da Silva RA, Fernandes CJDC, Feltran GDS, Gomes AM, Andrade AF, Andia DC, Peppelenbosch MP, Zambuzzi WF. Laminar shear stress‐provoked cytoskeletal changes are mediated by epigenetic reprogramming of
TIMP1
in human primary smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6382-6396. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
| | - Célio Jr da C. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
| | - Geórgia da S. Feltran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
| | - Amanda Fantini Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
| | - Denise C. Andia
- Faculdade de Odontologia Área de Pesquisa em Epigenética, Universidade Paulista, UNIP São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
- Electron Microscopy Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, campus Botucatu Botucatu Brazil
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17
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Lancino M, Majello S, Herbert S, De Chaumont F, Tinevez JY, Olivo-Marin JC, Herbomel P, Schmidt A. Anisotropic organization of circumferential actomyosin characterizes hematopoietic stem cells emergence in the zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:37355. [PMID: 30132756 PMCID: PMC6105311 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis leads to the formation of blood and immune cells. Hematopoietic stem cells emerge during development, from vascular components, via a process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Here, we reveal essential biomechanical features of the EHT, using the zebrafish embryo imaged at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution and an algorithm to unwrap the aorta into 2D-cartography. We show that the transition involves anisotropic contraction along the antero-posterior axis, with heterogenous organization of contractile circumferential actomyosin. The biomechanics of the contraction is oscillatory, with unusually long periods in comparison to other apical constriction mechanisms described so far in morphogenesis, and is supported by the anisotropic reinforcement of junctional contacts. Finally, we show that abrogation of blood flow impairs the actin cytoskeleton, the morphodynamics of EHT cells, and the orientation of the emergence. Overall, our results underline the peculiarities of the EHT biomechanics and the influence of the mechanical forces exerted by blood flow. As humans, we have two major types of blood cell: our red blood cells transport oxygen around the body, while our white blood cells fight disease. Both types of cell come from the same stem cells, which first appear early in embryonic development. These stem cells emerge from the walls of major blood vessels, including the aorta – which carries blood from the heart. Stem cells have not yet decided which adult cell to become. Given the right signals, blood stem cells can form red blood cells or any of the different types of white blood cell. Understanding this process could allow scientists to recreate it in the laboratory, making blood stem cells that can give rise to all blood cells found in the body. But, this is not yet possible because we do not know all the conditions needed to make the cells and ensure they survive. One crucial gap in our understanding concerns the importance of blood flow. As the main blood vessel leaving the heart, the aorta experiences mechanical stress every time the heart beats. Lancino et al. wanted to find out whether this influences the development of the blood stem cells. Zebrafish embryos are transparent, making it easy to see their bodies developing under a microscope. Like humans, they also produce both red blood cells and white blood cells meaning Lancino et al. could watch the birth of blood stem cells in these embryos from a part of the aorta called the aortic floor. A new software tool unwrapped pictures of the tube-shaped blood vessel into flat, two-dimensional maps, making it possible to see how the aorta changed over time. This revealed that, as blood stem cells leave the aortic floor, they bend and contract with the direction of the blood flow. Rings of actin and myosin proteins that formed around the stem cells as they are born helped the process along, while stopping the heartbeat changed the way the blood cells emerged. Without any blood flow, the actin proteins did not assemble properly; the stem cells also emerged in the wrong direction and some of them even died. These findings show that physical forces play a role in the formation of blood stem cells. Understanding this process brings scientists a step closer to recreating the conditions for making different kinds of blood cells outside of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Lancino
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
| | - Sara Majello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Herbert
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France.,Image Analysis Hub, UTechSPhotonic BioImaging (Imagopole), Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice De Chaumont
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, UTechSPhotonic BioImaging (Imagopole), Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Herbomel
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schmidt
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3738, Paris, France
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18
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Mack JJ, Mosqueiro TS, Archer BJ, Jones WM, Sunshine H, Faas GC, Briot A, Aragón RL, Su T, Romay MC, McDonald AI, Kuo CH, Lizama CO, Lane TF, Zovein AC, Fang Y, Tarling EJ, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Bouchard LS, Iruela-Arispe ML. NOTCH1 is a mechanosensor in adult arteries. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1620. [PMID: 29158473 PMCID: PMC5696341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells transduce mechanical forces from blood flow into intracellular signals required for vascular homeostasis. Here we show that endothelial NOTCH1 is responsive to shear stress, and is necessary for the maintenance of junctional integrity, cell elongation, and suppression of proliferation, phenotypes induced by laminar shear stress. NOTCH1 receptor localizes downstream of flow and canonical NOTCH signaling scales with the magnitude of fluid shear stress. Reduction of NOTCH1 destabilizes cellular junctions and triggers endothelial proliferation. NOTCH1 suppression results in changes in expression of genes involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium and proliferation, and preventing the increase of calcium signaling rescues the cell-cell junctional defects. Furthermore, loss of Notch1 in adult endothelium increases hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in the descending aorta. We propose that NOTCH1 is atheroprotective and acts as a mechanosensor in adult arteries, where it integrates responses to laminar shear stress and regulates junctional integrity through modulation of calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Mack
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thiago S Mosqueiro
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brian J Archer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William M Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hannah Sunshine
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guido C Faas
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anais Briot
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Raquel L Aragón
- Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Trent Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Milagros C Romay
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Austin I McDonald
- Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Timothy F Lane
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Ob-Gyn, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ann C Zovein
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Louis S Bouchard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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