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Lang R, John Gill M, Coburn SB, Grossman J, Gebo KA, Horberg MA, Mayor AM, Silverberg MJ, Willig AL, Justice AC, Klein MB, Bosch RJ, Rabkin CS, Hogan B, Thorne JE, Moore RD, Althoff KN. The changing prevalence of anemia and risk factors in people with HIV in North America who have initiated ART, 2007-2017. AIDS 2023; 37:287-298. [PMID: 36541641 PMCID: PMC9782731 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the prevalence of anemia and risk factors between 2007 and 2017 for moderate/severe anemia among people with HIV (PWH) in North America who have initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN Observational study of participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). METHODS We estimated the annual prevalence between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017 of mild (11.0-12.9 g/dl men, 11.0-11.9 g/dl women), moderate (8.0-10.9 g/dl regardless of sex) and severe (<8.0 g/dl regardless of sex) anemia. Poisson regression models with robust variance and general estimating equations estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals ([-]) comparing risk factors for moderate/severe vs. no/mild anemia between 2007 and 2017. RESULTS Among 73 898 PWH we observed 366 755 hemoglobin measurements following ART initiation, 37 301 (50%) had one or more measures of anemia during follow-up (mild = 17 743 [24%]; moderate = 13 383[18%]; severe = 6175 [8%]). Moderate/severe anemia was more prevalent among women, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic PWH (vs. non-Hispanic white), those with underweight body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2) and with comorbidities and coinfections. Older age had increased prevalence of moderate/severe anemia among males and decreased prevalence among females. Prevalence of moderate/severe anemia was greater among those with lower CD4+ cell count (≤200 cells/μl) [aPR = 2.11 (2.06-2.17)] unsuppressed HIV viral load (>200 copies/ml) [aPR = 1.26 (1.23-1.29)] and within the first 6 months of ART initiation (vs. >1 year of ART) [aPR = 1.66 (1.61-1.72)]. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anemia among PWH is reduced after ART initiation but remains high. Risk factors differ by sex and include comorbidities and HIV disease severity. The persistent, substantial prevalence of anemia among PWH merits further investigation, targeted screening, and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M John Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sally B. Coburn
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Grossman
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly A. Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michael A. Horberg
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Angel M. Mayor
- Retrovirus Research Center, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Amanda L. Willig
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy C. Justice
- Yale University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, New Haven CT, USA and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT USA
| | | | | | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Thorne
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Richard D. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lang R, Hogan B, Zhu J, McArthur K, Lee J, Zandi P, Nestadt P, Silverberg MJ, Parcesepe AM, Cook JA, Gill MJ, Grelotti D, Closson K, Lima VD, Goulet J, Horberg MA, Gebo KA, Camoens RM, Rebeiro PF, Nijhawan AE, McGinnis K, Eron J, Althoff KN. The prevalence of mental health disorders in people with HIV and the effects on the HIV care continuum. AIDS 2023; 37:259-269. [PMID: 36541638 PMCID: PMC9782734 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of diagnosed depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in people with HIV (PWH) and the differences in HIV care continuum outcomes in those with and without mental health disorders (MHDs). DESIGN Observational study of participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. METHODS PWH (≥18 years) contributed data on prevalent schizophrenia, anxiety, depressive, and bipolar disorders from 2008 to 2018 based on International Classification of Diseases code mapping. Mental health (MH) multimorbidity was defined as having two or more MHD. Log binomial models with generalized estimating equations estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals for retention in care (≥1 visit/year) and viral suppression (HIV RNA ≤200 copies/ml) by presence vs. absence of each MHD between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS Among 122 896 PWH, 67 643 (55.1%) were diagnosed with one or more MHD: 39% with depressive disorders, 28% with anxiety disorders, 10% with bipolar disorder, and 5% with schizophrenia. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increased between 2008 and 2018, whereas bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remained stable. MH multimorbidity affected 24% of PWH. From 2016 to 2018 (N = 64 684), retention in care was marginally lower among PWH with depression or anxiety, however those with MH multimorbidity were more likely to be retained in care. PWH with bipolar disorder had marginally lower prevalence of viral suppression (aPR = 0.98 [0.98-0.99]) as did PWH with MH multimorbidity (aPR = 0.99 [0.99-1.00]) compared with PWH without MHD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MHD among PWH was high, including MH multimorbidity. Although retention and viral suppression were similar to people without MHD, viral suppression was lower in those with bipolar disorder and MH multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiafeng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Kristen McArthur
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J Silverberg
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Angela M Parcesepe
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Judith A Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M John Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kalysha Closson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia
| | - Viviane D Lima
- University of British Columbia & BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph Goulet
- Yale School of Medicine & VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael A Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Departments of Medicine & Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Eron
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keri N Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lang R, Humes E, Hogan B, Lee J, D'Agostino R, Massaro J, Kim A, Meigs JB, Borowsky L, He W, Lyass A, Cheng D, Kim HN, Klein MB, Cachay ER, Bosch RJ, Gill MJ, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, McGinnis K, Horberg MA, Sterling TR, Triant VA, Althoff KN. Evaluating the Cardiovascular Risk in an Aging Population of People With HIV: The Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026473. [PMID: 36129038 PMCID: PMC9673707 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with an unknown added impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We aimed to identify whether HCV coinfection increases the risk of type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI) and if the risk differs by age. Methods and Results We used data from NA-ACCORD (North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, PWH (aged 40-79 years) who had initiated antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was an adjudicated T1MI event. Those who started direct-acting HCV antivirals were censored at the time of initiation. Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for T1MI by calendar time. Discrete time-to-event analyses with complementary log-log models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for T1MI among those with and without HCV. Among 23 361 PWH, 4677 (20%) had HCV. There were 89 (1.9%) T1MIs among PWH with HCV and 314 (1.7%) among PWH without HCV. HCV was not associated with increased T1MI risk in PWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.74-1.30]). However, the risk of T1MI increased with age and was amplified in those with HCV (adjusted hazard ratio per 10-year increase in age, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.38-2.48]) compared with those without HCV (adjusted hazard ratio per 10-year increase in age,1.30 [95% CI, 1.13-1.50]; P<0.001, test of interaction). Conclusions HCV coinfection was not significantly associated with increased T1MI risk; however, the risk of T1MI with increasing age was greater in those with HCV compared with those without, and HCV status should be considered when assessing CVD risk in aging PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Elizabeth Humes
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Ralph D'Agostino
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsBoston UniversityBostonMA
| | - Joseph Massaro
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Arthur Kim
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - James B. Meigs
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Division of General Internal MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Leila Borowsky
- Division of General Internal MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Wei He
- Division of General Internal MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Asya Lyass
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsBoston UniversityBostonMA
| | - David Cheng
- Biostatistics CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | | | | | - Edward R. Cachay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA
| | | | - M. John Gill
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginia A. Triant
- Division of Infectious DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Division of General Internal MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
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Reveendran D, Tait C, Hogan B. O052 A retrospective analysis of a single-centre experience with administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgical removal of breast tumour. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used to aid breast preservation surgery for patients with non-conservable disease at presentation. NICE guidelines recommend offering primary systemic therapy to patients with ER- disease and/or HER2+ disease and for those with ER+ disease to reduce tumour size. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the incidence of local and systemic recurrence post NACT.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of NACT usage was conducted from January 2011 to December 2020 at the breast surgery unit. Clinical data of patients who received NACT were collected using the local Breast Unit database, Electronic Patient Record (EPR) and Systm1. Data included patient demographics, type of breast and axillary surgical procedure, histopathology of breast tumour, pathological response to NACT and time to local and/or systemic recurrence.
Results
202 patients received NACT for breast cancer between January 2011 to December 2020. Analysis showed an increasing use of NACT ranging from 2.19% of all cancers in 2013 to 14.5% in 2020. 89/202 patients underwent breast preservation surgery. 1 patient developed local recurrence at median follow up of 26 months. 42 patients developed systemic recurrence, and 40 of them had residual disease found at surgery post NACT at median follow up of 24 months.
Conclusion
Our unit has been increasingly using NACT over the last 8 years in line with guidance. Breast conserving surgery post NACT is associated with a low risk of local recurrence. The risk of systemic disease progression post NACT is very low for patients who have complete pathological response.
Take-home message
Breast conserving surgery post NACT is associated with a low risk of local recurrence. The risk of systemic disease progression post NACT is very low for patients who have complete pathological response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Tait
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - B Hogan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
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5
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Lewis JT, Stephens J, Musick B, Brown S, Malateste K, Ostinelli CHD, Maxwell N, Jayathilake K, Shi Q, Brazier E, Kariminia A, Hogan B, Duda SN. The IeDEA harmonist data toolkit: A data quality and data sharing solution for a global HIV research consortium. J Biomed Inform 2022; 131:104110. [PMID: 35680074 PMCID: PMC9893518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, implementation, and impact of a data harmonization, data quality checking, and dynamic report generation application in an international observational HIV research network. The IeDEA Harmonist Data Toolkit is a web-based application written in the open source programming language R, employs the R/Shiny and RMarkdown packages, and leverages the REDCap data collection platform for data model definition and user authentication. The Toolkit performs data quality checks on uploaded datasets, checks for conformance with the network's common data model, displays the results both interactively and in downloadable reports, and stores approved datasets in secure cloud storage for retrieval by the requesting investigator. Including stakeholders and users in the design process was key to the successful adoption of the application. A survey of regional data managers as well as initial usage metrics indicate that the Toolkit saves time and results in improved data quality, with a 61% mean reduction in the number of error records in a dataset. The generalized application design allows the Toolkit to be easily adapted to other research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith T Lewis
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy Stephens
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Beverly Musick
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven Brown
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen Malateste
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Inserm, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cam Ha Dao Ostinelli
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Maxwell
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karu Jayathilake
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuhu Shi
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Brazier
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA,Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephany N Duda
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Gianoli F, Hogan B, Dilly É, Risler T, Kozlov AS. Fast adaptation of cooperative channels engenders Hopf bifurcations in auditory hair cells. Biophys J 2022; 121:897-909. [PMID: 35176272 PMCID: PMC8943817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Thomas Gold, published in 1948, it has been known that we owe our sensitive sense of hearing to a process in the inner ear that can amplify incident sounds on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Called the active process, it uses energy to counteract the viscous dissipation associated with sound-evoked vibrations of the ear's mechanotransduction apparatus. Despite its importance, the mechanism of the active process and the proximate source of energy that powers it have remained elusive, especially at the high frequencies characteristic of amniote hearing. This is partly due to our insufficient understanding of the mechanotransduction process in hair cells, the sensory receptors and amplifiers of the inner ear. It has been proposed previously that cyclical binding of Ca2+ ions to individual mechanotransduction channels could power the active process. That model, however, relied on tailored reaction rates that structurally forced the direction of the cycle. Here we ground our study on our previous model of hair-cell mechanotransduction, which relied on cooperative gating of pairs of channels, and incorporate into it the cyclical binding of Ca2+ ions. With a single binding site per channel and reaction rates drawn from thermodynamic principles, the current model shows that hair cells behave as nonlinear oscillators that exhibit Hopf bifurcations, dynamical instabilities long understood to be signatures of the active process. Using realistic parameter values, we find bifurcations at frequencies in the kilohertz range with physiological Ca2+ concentrations. The current model relies on the electrochemical gradient of Ca2+ as the only energy source for the active process and on the relative motion of cooperative channels within the stereociliary membrane as the sole mechanical driver. Equipped with these two mechanisms, a hair bundle proves capable of operating at frequencies in the kilohertz range, characteristic of amniote hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Émilien Dilly
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Risler
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Andrei S Kozlov
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Gilbert-Kawai N, Hogan B, Milan Z. Perioperative management of patients with liver disease. BJA Educ 2022; 22:111-117. [PMID: 35211328 PMCID: PMC8847800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Ottewill C, Mulpeter R, Lee J, Shrestha G, O’Sullivan D, Subramaniam A, Hogan B, Varghese C. Therapeutic anti-coagulation in COVID-19 and the potential enhanced risk of retroperitoneal hematoma. QJM 2021; 114:508-510. [PMID: 33742677 PMCID: PMC8083784 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Ottewill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
- Address correspondence to Dr C. Ottewill, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - R Mulpeter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - G Shrestha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - D O’Sullivan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - A Subramaniam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - B Hogan
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - C Varghese
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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9
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Birkett M, Melville J, Janulis P, Phillips G, Contractor N, Hogan B. Network Canvas: Key decisions in the design of an interviewer assisted network data collection software suite. Soc Networks 2021; 66:114-124. [PMID: 34054204 PMCID: PMC8153363 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-reported social network analysis studies are often complex and burdensome, both during the interview process itself, and when conducting data management following the interview. Through funding obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA/NIH), our team developed the Network Canvas suite of software - a set of complementary tools that are designed to simplify the collection and storage of complex social network data, with an emphasis on usability and accessibility across platforms and devices, and guided by the practical needs of researchers. The suite consists of three applications: Architect: an application for researchers to design and export interview protocols; Interviewer: a touch-optimized application for loading and administering interview protocols to study participants; and Server: an application for researchers to manage the interview deployment process and export their data for analysis. Together, they enable researchers with minimal technological expertise to access a complete research workflow, by building their own network interview protocols, deploying these protocols widely within a variety of contexts, and immediately attaining the resulting data from a secure central location. In this paper, we outline the critical decisions taken in developing this suite of tools for the network research community. We also describe the work which guides our decision-making, including prior experiences and key discovery events. We focus on key design choices, taken for theoretical, philosophical, and pragmatic reasons, and outline their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Birkett
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - J Melville
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - P Janulis
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - G Phillips
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - N Contractor
- Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, Department of Management and Organizations, Evanston, IL
| | - B Hogan
- University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford, UK
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10
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Hogan B, Shen Z, Zhang H, Misbah C, Barakat AI. Shear stress in the microvasculature: influence of red blood cell morphology and endothelial wall undulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1095-1109. [PMID: 30840162 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of red blood cells and the undulation of the endothelium on the shear stress in the microvasculature is studied numerically using the lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method. The results demonstrate a significant effect of both the undulation of the endothelium and red blood cells on wall shear stress. Our results also reveal that morphological alterations of red blood cells, as occur in certain pathologies, can significantly affect the values of wall shear stress. The resulting fluctuations in wall shear stress greatly exceed the nominal values, emphasizing the importance of the particulate nature of blood as well as a more realistic description of vessel wall geometry in the study of hemodynamic forces. We find that within the channel widths investigated, which correspond to those found in the microvasculature, the inverse minimum distance normalized to the channel width between the red blood cell and the wall is predictive of the maximum wall shear stress observed in straight channels with a flowing red blood cell. We find that the maximum wall shear stress varies several factors more over a range of capillary numbers (dimensionless number relating strength of flow to membrane elasticity) and reduced areas (measure of deflation of the red blood cell) than the minimum wall shear stress. We see that waviness reduces variation in minimum and maximum shear stresses among different capillary and reduced areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Hogan
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zaiyi Shen
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LiPhy), Université Joseph Fourier, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LiPhy), Université Joseph Fourier, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
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Althoff KN, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, You B, Humes E, Zhang J, Jing Y, Modur S, Lee JS, Freeman A, Kitahata M, Van Rompaey S, Mathews WC, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Mayor AM, Salters K, Moore RD, Gange SJ. Mind the gap: observation windows to define periods of event ascertainment as a quality control method for longitudinal electronic health record data. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 33:54-63. [PMID: 31005552 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of electronic health records (EHRs) in health research may lead to the false assumption of complete event ascertainment. We estimated "observation windows" (OWs), defined as periods within which the assumption of complete ascertainment of events is more likely to hold, as a quality control approach to reducing the likelihood of this false assumption. We demonstrated the impact of OWs on estimating the rates of type II diabetes mellitus (diabetes) from HIV clinical cohorts. METHODS Data contributed by 16 HIV clinical cohorts to the NA-ACCORD were used to identify and evaluate OWs for an operationalized definition of diabetes occurrence as a case study. Procedures included (1) gathering cohort-level data; (2) visualizing and summarizing gaps in observations; (3) systematically establishing start and stop dates during which the assumption of complete ascertainment of diabetes events was reasonable; and (4) visualizing the diabetes OWs relative to the cohort open and close dates to identify immortal person-time. We estimated diabetes occurrence event rates and 95% confidence intervals in the most recent decade that data were available (January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016). RESULTS The number of diabetes events decreased by 17% with the use of the diabetes OWs; immortal person-time was removed decreasing total person-years by 23%. Consequently, the diabetes rate increased from 1.23 (95% confidence interval [1.20, 1.25]) per 100 person-years to 1.32 [1.29, 1.35] per 100 person-years with the use of diabetes OWs. CONCLUSIONS As the use of EHR-curated data for event-driven health research continues to expand, OWs have utility as a quality control approach to complete event ascertainment, helping to improve accuracy of estimates by removing immortal person-time when ascertainment is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin You
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Horberg
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Angel M Mayor
- Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Kate Salters
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Schaeffer ML, May B, Cimino-Mathews A, Orellana M, McCullough M, Hogan B, Armstrong D, Visvanathan K. Abstract P4-10-06: Factors impacting the accuracy of self-reported breast procedures among women with and without breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-10-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Clinical/epidemiologic observational studies frequently rely on participants' recall for information about breast procedures. However, there is limited data on the accuracy of self-reported breast procedures. To address this knowledge gap and inform future study design and collection and interpretation of similar data, we investigated the impact of type, diagnosis, age, time, and other patient characteristics on the accuracy of self-report in a prospective cohort.
Methods: All benign breast biopsies, lumpectomies, and mastectomies for breast cancer treatment among women enrolled in the BOSS Cohort, a prospective study of women and men with a familial risk of breast/ovarian cancer, were identified. Study staff obtained pathology reports for 93% of women from self-reported breast procedure locations. For this analysis, we focused on 577 women who had at least one ascertained pathology report, and who self-reported at least one breast procedure at baseline. We estimated the percentage of self-reports (95% confidence interval (CI)) with matching pathology report within 6 months (+/- 6 months), and agreement between self-reported procedures and pathology-confirmed diagnoses (normal/benign vs. atypical hyperplasia vs. LCIS, and DCIS vs. invasive cancer) with the Kappa statistic. We also examined predictors of an accurate biopsy self-report, including age at baseline, personal and family history of breast cancer, educational attainment, and time between biopsy and baseline, using logistic regression models.
Results: At baseline, 158 women reported having at least one benign biopsy, 193 women reported having a lumpectomy for cancer treatment, and 174 women reported having a mastectomy for cancer treatment. The median time between biopsy, lumpectomy, mastectomy, and baseline was 9 years, 2 years, and 2 years, respectively. Fifty-seven percent (95% CI: 49-64.5%) of benign biopsy self-reports, 90.7% (95% CI: 85.6-94.1%) of lumpectomy self-reports, and 85.1% (95% CI: 78.9-89.7%) of mastectomy self-reports had a matching pathology report within 6 months. Further diagnostic agreement was moderate for biopsies, lumpectomies, and mastectomies with Kappa statistics of 0.65, 0.66, 0.65, respectively. Age at baseline (p-interaction =0.01) and time (p-interaction = 0.03) were independent and joint predictors of accurate biopsy self-reports. Women less than 49 years old had the largest reduction in odds of having an accurate self-report (26%) for every additional year between biopsy and baseline [adjusted odds ratio = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63-0.88)]. Similarly, women with a biopsy within 4 years prior to baseline had a 10% reduction in the odds of having an accurate self-report with increasing age [adjusted odds ratio = 0.9 (95% CI: 0.84-0.97)].
Conclusions: In this highly-educated cohort, the overall accuracy of self-report of benign biopsies was only modest, and the accuracy of self-report of lumpectomies and mastectomies was lower than expected. This study suggests that age at baseline and time between procedure and baseline are important predictors of accuracy of self-report and should be considered when utilizing self-reported information. Furthermore, where possible, prospective collection of breast procedure data should be prioritized.
Citation Format: Schaeffer ML, May B, Cimino-Mathews A, Orellana M, McCullough M, Hogan B, Armstrong D, Visvanathan K. Factors impacting the accuracy of self-reported breast procedures among women with and without breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- ML Schaeffer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - B May
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - A Cimino-Mathews
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Orellana
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - M McCullough
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - B Hogan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - D Armstrong
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - K Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
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Zhang H, Shen Z, Hogan B, Barakat AI, Misbah C. ATP Release by Red Blood Cells under Flow: Model and Simulations. Biophys J 2018; 115:2218-2229. [PMID: 30447988 PMCID: PMC6289826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major player as a signaling molecule in blood microcirculation. It is released by red blood cells (RBCs) when they are subjected to shear stresses large enough to induce a sufficient shape deformation. This prominent feature of chemical response to shear stress and RBC deformation constitutes an important link between vessel geometry, flow conditions, and the mechanical properties of RBCs, which are all contributing factors affecting the chemical signals in the process of vasomotor modulation of the precapillary vessel networks. Several in vitro experiments have reported on ATP release by RBCs due to mechanical stress. These studies have considered both intact RBCs as well as cells within which suspected pathways of ATP release have been inhibited. This has provided profound insights to help elucidate the basic governing key elements, yet how the ATP release process takes place in the (intermediate) microcirculation zone is not well understood. We propose here an analytical model of ATP release. The ATP concentration is coupled in a consistent way to RBC dynamics. The release of ATP, or the lack thereof, is assumed to depend on both the local shear stress and the shape change of the membrane. The full chemo-mechanical coupling problem is written in a lattice-Boltzmann formulation and solved numerically in different geometries (straight channels and bifurcations mimicking vessel networks) and under two kinds of imposed flows (shear and Poiseuille flows). Our model remarkably reproduces existing experimental results. It also pinpoints the major contribution of ATP release when cells traverse network bifurcations. This study may aid in further identifying the interplay between mechanical properties and chemical signaling processes involved in blood microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdi Zhang
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France
| | - Zaiyi Shen
- CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique de l'Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique de l'Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France.
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Rutz H, Hogan B, Hook S, Hinckley A, Feldman K. Impacts of misclassification on Lyme disease surveillance. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 66:174-178. [PMID: 30242983 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Maryland, Lyme disease (LD) is the most widely reported tickborne disease. All laboratories and healthcare providers are required to report LD cases to the local health department. Given the large volume of LD reports, the nuances of diagnosing and reporting LD, and the effort required for investigations by local health department staff, surveillance for LD is burdensome and subject to underreporting. To determine the degree to which misclassification occurs in Maryland, we reviewed medical records for a sample of LD reports from 2009. We characterized what proportion of suspected and "not a case" reports could be reclassified as confirmed or probable once additional information was obtained from medical record review, explored the reasons for misclassification, and determined multipliers for a more accurate number of LD cases. We reviewed medical records for reports originally classified as suspected (n = 44) and "not a case" (n = 92). Of these 136 records, 31 (23%) suspected cases and "not a case" reports were reclassified. We calculated multipliers and applied them to the case counts from 2009, and estimate an additional 269 confirmed and probable cases, a 13.3% increase. Reasons for misclassification fell into three general categories: lack of clinical or diagnostic information from the provider; surveillance process errors; and incomplete information provided on laboratory reports. These multipliers can be used to calculate a better approximation of the true number of LD cases in Maryland, but these multipliers only account for underreporting due to misclassification, and do not account for cases that are not reported at all (e.g., LD diagnoses based on erythema migrans alone that are not reported) or for cases that are not investigated. Knowing that misclassification of cases occurs during the existing LD surveillance process underscores the complexities of LD surveillance, which further reinforces the need to find alternative approaches to LD surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Rutz
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah Hook
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Alison Hinckley
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Katherine Feldman
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rutz H, Hogan B, Hook S, Hinckley A, Feldman K. Exploring an alternative approach to Lyme disease surveillance in Maryland. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:254-259. [PMID: 29411541 PMCID: PMC10880063 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Maryland, Lyme disease (LD) is a reportable disease and all laboratories and healthcare providers are required to report to the local health department. Given the volume of LD reports and effort required for investigation, surveillance for LD is burdensome and subject to underreporting. We explored the utility of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (administrative) codes for use with LD surveillance. We aimed to collect the administrative codes for a 10% sample of 2009 LD reports (n = 474) from 292 facilities stratified by case classification (confirmed, probable, suspected and not a case). Sixty-three per cent (n = 184) of facilities responded to the survey, and 341 different administrative codes were obtained for 91% (n = 430) of sampled reports. The administrative code for Lyme disease (088.81) was the most commonly reported code (133/430 patients) among sampled reports; while it was used for 62 of 151 (41%) confirmed cases, it was also used for 48 of 192 (25%) not a case reports (sensitivity 41% and specificity 73%). A combination of nine codes was developed with sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 37% when compared to not a case reports. We conclude that the administrative code for LD alone has low ability to identify LD cases in Maryland. Grouping certain codes improved sensitivity, but our results indicate that administrative codes alone are not a viable surveillance alternative for a disease with complex manifestations such as LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rutz
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Hogan
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Hook
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Hinckley
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - K Feldman
- Emerging Infections Program, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bühl H, Eibach D, Nagel M, Greub G, Borel N, Sarpong N, Rettig T, Pesch T, Aeby S, Klöckner A, Brunke M, Krannich S, Kreuels B, Owusu-Dabo E, Hogan B, May J, Henrichfreise B. Chlamydiae in febrile children with respiratory tract symptoms and age-matched controls, Ghana. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 22:44-48. [PMID: 29511568 PMCID: PMC5832669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Chlamydiales order are obligate intracellular pathogens causing acute and chronic infectious diseases. Chlamydiaceae are established agents of community- and zoonotically acquired respiratory tract infections, and emerging pathogens among the Chlamydia-related bacteria have been implicated in airway infections. The role of both in airway infections in Africa is underexplored. We performed a case -control study on the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-related emerging pathogens in children with febrile respiratory tract infections in West Africa, Ghana. Using a pan-Chlamydiales broad-range real-time PCR, we detected chlamydial DNA in 11 (1.9%) of 572 hospitalized febrile children with respiratory tract symptoms and in 24 (4.3%) of 560 asymptomatic age-matched controls (p 0.03). Chlamydiaceae were found to be common among both symptomatic and healthy Ghanaian children, with Chlamydia pneumoniae being the most prevalent species. Parachlamydiaceae were detected in two children without symptoms but not in the symptomatic group. We identified neither Chlamydia psittaci nor Simkania negevensis but a member of a new chlamydial family that shared 90.2% sequence identity with the 16S rRNA gene of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydia pecorum. In addition, we found a new Chlamydia-related species that belonged to a novel family sharing 91.3% 16S rRNA sequence identity with Candidatus Syngnamydia venezia. The prevalence and spectrum of chlamydial species differed from previous results obtained from children of other geographic regions and our study indicates that both, Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-related bacteria, are not clearly linked to clinical symptoms in Ghanaian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bühl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - D Eibach
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Nagel
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Sarpong
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany.,Agogo Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Child Health, Agogo, Ghana
| | - T Rettig
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - T Pesch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Klöckner
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Brunke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - S Krannich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - B Kreuels
- Division of Tropical Medicine, I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - B Hogan
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - J May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - B Henrichfreise
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
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17
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Judd A, Zangerle R, Touloumi G, Warszawski J, Meyer L, Dabis F, Mary Krause M, Ghosn J, Leport C, Wittkop L, Reiss P, Wit F, Prins M, Bucher H, Gibb D, Fätkenheuer G, Julia DA, Obel N, Thorne C, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Stephan C, Pérez-Hoyos S, Hamouda O, Bartmeyer B, Chkhartishvili N, Noguera-Julian A, Antinori A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Brockmeyer N, Prieto L, Rojo Conejo P, Soriano-Arandes A, Battegay M, Kouyos R, Mussini C, Tookey P, Casabona J, Miró JM, Castagna A, Konopnick D, Goetghebuer T, Sönnerborg A, Quiros-Roldan E, Sabin C, Teira R, Garrido M, Haerry D, de Wit S, Miró JM, Costagliola D, d’Arminio-Monforte A, Castagna A, del Amo J, Mocroft A, Raben D, Chêne G, Judd A, Pablo Rojo C, Barger D, Schwimmer C, Termote M, Wittkop L, Campbell M, Frederiksen CM, Friis-Møller N, Kjaer J, Raben D, Salbøl Brandt R, Berenguer J, Bohlius J, Bouteloup V, Bucher H, Cozzi-Lepri A, Dabis F, d’Arminio Monforte A, Davies MA, del Amo J, Dorrucci M, Dunn D, Egger M, Furrer H, Grabar S, Guiguet M, Judd A, Kirk O, Lambotte O, Leroy V, Lodi S, Matheron S, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mocroft A, Monge S, Nakagawa F, Paredes R, Phillips A, Puoti M, Rohner E, Schomaker M, Smit C, Sterne J, Thiebaut R, Thorne C, Torti C, van der Valk M, Wittkop L, Tanser F, Vinikoor M, Macete E, Wood R, Stinson K, Garone D, Fatti G, Giddy J, Malisita K, Eley B, Fritz C, Hobbins M, Kamenova K, Fox M, Prozesky H, Technau K, Sawry S, Benson CA, Bosch RJ, Kirk GD, Boswell S, Mayer KH, Grasso C, Hogg RS, Richard Harrigan P, Montaner JSG, Yip B, Zhu J, Salters K, Gabler K, Buchacz K, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Rabkin C, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, D’Souza G, Klein MB, Rourke SB, Rachlis AR, Cupido P, Hunter-Mellado RF, Mayor AM, John Gill M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Patel P, Brooks JT, Saag MS, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Sterling TR, Haas D, Rebeiro P, Turner M, Bebawy S, Rogers B, Justice AC, Dubrow R, Fiellin D, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Moore RD, Saag MS, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Horberg MA, Klein MB, McKaig RG, Freeman AM, Moore RD, Freeman AM, Lent C, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Morton L, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Gange SJ, Althoff KN, Abraham AG, Lau B, Zhang J, Jing J, Modur S, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, Liu B, You B, Cahn P, Cesar C, Fink V, Sued O, Dell’Isola E, Perez H, Valiente J, Yamamoto C, Grinsztejn B, Veloso V, Luz P, de Boni R, Cardoso Wagner S, Friedman R, Moreira R, Pinto J, Ferreira F, Maia M, Célia de Menezes Succi R, Maria Machado D, de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa A, Wolff M, Cortes C, Fernanda Rodriguez M, Allendes G, William Pape J, Rouzier V, Marcelin A, Perodin C, Tulio Luque M, Padgett D, Sierra Madero J, Crabtree Ramirez B, Belaunzaran P, Caro Vega Y, Gotuzzo E, Mejia F, Carriquiry G, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Sterling T, Jayathilake K, Person AK, Rebeiro PF, Giganti M, Castilho J, Duda SN, Maruri F, Vansell H, Ly PS, Khol V, Zhang FJ, Zhao HX, Han N, Lee MP, Li PCK, Lam W, Chan YT, Kumarasamy N, Saghayam S, Ezhilarasi C, Pujari S, Joshi K, Gaikwad S, Chitalikar A, Merati TP, Wirawan DN, Yuliana F, Yunihastuti E, Imran D, Widhani A, Tanuma J, Oka S, Nishijima T, Na S, Choi JY, Kim JM, Sim BLH, Gani YM, David R, Kamarulzaman A, Syed Omar SF, Ponnampalavanar S, Azwa I, Ditangco R, Uy E, Bantique R, Wong WW, Ku WW, Wu PC, Ng OT, Lim PL, Lee LS, Ohnmar PS, Avihingsanon A, Gatechompol S, Phanuphak P, Phadungphon C, Kiertiburanakul S, Sungkanuparph S, Chumla L, Sanmeema N, Chaiwarith R, Sirisanthana T, Kotarathititum W, Praparattanapan J, Kantipong P, Kambua P, Ratanasuwan W, Sriondee R, Nguyen KV, Bui HV, Nguyen DTH, Nguyen DT, Cuong DD, An NV, Luan NT, Sohn AH, Ross JL, Petersen B, Cooper DA, Law MG, Jiamsakul A, Boettiger DC, Ellis D, Bloch M, Agrawal S, Vincent T, Allen D, Smith D, Rankin A, Baker D, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC, Thackeray O, Jackson E, McCallum K, Ryder N, Sweeney G, Cooper D, Carr A, Macrae K, Hesse K, Finlayson R, Gupta S, Langton-Lockton J, Shakeshaft J, Brown K, Idle S, Arvela N, Varma R, Lu H, Couldwell D, Eswarappa S, Smith DE, Furner V, Smith D, Cabrera G, Fernando S, Cogle A, Lawrence C, Mulhall B, Boyd M, Law M, Petoumenos K, Puhr R, Huang R, Han A, Gunathilake M, Payne R, O’Sullivan M, Croydon A, Russell D, Cashman C, Roberts C, Sowden D, Taing K, Marshall P, Orth D, Youds D, Rowling D, Latch N, Warzywoda E, Dickson B, Donohue W, Moore R, Edwards S, Boyd S, Roth NJ, Lau H, Read T, Silvers J, Zeng W, Hoy J, Watson K, Bryant M, Price S, Woolley I, Giles M, Korman T, Williams J, Nolan D, Allen A, Guelfi G, Mills G, Wharry C, Raymond N, Bargh K, Templeton D, Giles M, Brown K, Hoy J. Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1316-1326. [PMID: 28531260 PMCID: PMC5850623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Krumkamp R, Hogan B, Eibach D, Sarpong N, Kreuels B, Maiga-Ascofaré O, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Owusu-Dabo E, May J. Co-diagnoses in hospitalised children – revealing the cause of admission in a malaria endemic area. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Krumkamp
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Hamburg
| | - B Hogan
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
| | - D Eibach
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
| | - N Sarpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi
| | - B Kreuels
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Hamburg
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - O Maiga-Ascofaré
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi
| | - Y Adu-Sarkodie
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi
| | - E Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi
| | - J May
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Hamburg
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Lyons M, Gill E, Hogan B, Hayes E, Feather K, Bain J, Paterson R. The balance of accuracy and reliability in estimating tidal volume from height. J Intensive Care Soc 2017; 18:257. [PMID: 29118843 DOI: 10.1177/1751143716681327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Lyons
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Gill
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Hogan
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Hayes
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Feather
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Bain
- Department of Critical Care, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Paterson
- School of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Critical Care, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Vivien C, Pichol-Thievend C, Bower N, Hogan B, Hudson J, Francois M, Porrello E. Role of Lymphangiogenesis in Zebrafish Cardiac Regeneration. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Rosenberg Goldstein RE, Cruz-Cano R, Jiang C, Palmer A, Blythe D, Ryan P, Hogan B, White B, Dunn JR, Libby T, Tobin-D'Angelo M, Huang JY, McGuire S, Scherzinger K, Lee MLT, Sapkota AR. Association between community socioeconomic factors, animal feeding operations, and campylobacteriosis incidence rates: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004-2010. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:354. [PMID: 27450432 PMCID: PMC4957341 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Campylobacter infections have been associated with individual risk factors, such as the consumption of poultry and raw milk. Recently, a Maryland-based study identified community socioeconomic and environmental factors that are also associated with campylobacteriosis rates. However, no previous studies have evaluated the association between community risk factors and campylobacteriosis rates across multiple U.S. states. Methods We obtained Campylobacter case data (2004–2010; n = 40,768) from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) and socioeconomic and environmental data from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, the 2011 American Community Survey, and the 2007 U.S. Census of Agriculture. We linked data by zip code and derived incidence rate ratios using negative binomial regression models. Results Community socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with both lower and higher campylobacteriosis rates. Zip codes with higher percentages of African Americans had lower rates of campylobacteriosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR]) = 0.972; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.970,0.974). In Georgia, Maryland, and Tennessee, three leading broiler chicken producing states, zip codes with broiler operations had incidence rates that were 22 % (IRR = 1.22; 95 % CI = 1.03,1.43), 16 % (IRR = 1.16; 95 % CI = 0.99,1.37), and 35 % (IRR = 1.35; 95 % CI = 1.18,1.53) higher, respectively, than those of zip codes without broiler operations. In Minnesota and New York FoodNet counties, two top dairy producing areas, zip codes with dairy operations had significantly higher campylobacteriosis incidence rates (IRR = 1.37; 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.55; IRR = 1.19; 95 % CI = 1.04,1.36). Conclusions Community socioeconomic and environmental factors are important to consider when evaluating the relationship between possible risk factors and Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rosenberg Goldstein
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, School of Public Health Building (255), 4200 Valley Drive, Room 2234P, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Raul Cruz-Cano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chengsheng Jiang
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, School of Public Health Building (255), 4200 Valley Drive, Room 2234P, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Amanda Palmer
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Blythe
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Ryan
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Emerging Infections Program, Disease Control and Environmental Epidemiology Division, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John R Dunn
- Communicable and Environmental Disease Surveillance, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tanya Libby
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo
- Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Huang
- Office of Infectious Disease, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Karen Scherzinger
- New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mei-Ling Ting Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, School of Public Health Building (255), 4200 Valley Drive, Room 2234P, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Hadler JL, Yousey-Hindes K, Pérez A, Anderson EJ, Bargsten M, Bohm SR, Hill M, Hogan B, Laidler M, Lindegren ML, Lung KL, Mermel E, Miller L, Morin C, Parker E, Zansky SM, Chaves SS. Influenza-Related Hospitalizations and Poverty Levels - United States, 2010-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:101-5. [PMID: 26866729 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6505a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccine is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months in the United States, with recognition that some persons are at risk for more severe disease (1). However, there might be previously unrecognized demographic groups that also experience higher rates of serious influenza-related disease that could benefit from enhanced vaccination efforts. Socioeconomic status (SES) measures that are area-based can be used to define demographic groups when individual SES data are not available (2). Previous surveillance data analyses in limited geographic areas indicated that influenza-related hospitalization incidence was higher for persons residing in census tracts that included a higher percentage of persons living below the federal poverty level (3-5). To determine whether this association occurs elsewhere, influenza hospitalization data collected in 14 FluSurv-NET sites covering 27 million persons during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 influenza seasons were analyzed. The age-adjusted incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in high poverty (≥20% of persons living below the federal poverty level) census tracts was 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7-22.4), nearly twice the incidence in low poverty (<5% of persons living below the federal poverty level) census tracts (10.9, 95% CI: 10.3-11.4). This relationship was observed in each surveillance site, among children and adults, and across racial/ethnic groups. These findings suggest that persons living in poorer census tracts should be targeted for enhanced influenza vaccination outreach and clinicians serving these persons should be made aware of current recommendations for use of antiviral agents to treat influenza (6).
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Hogan B, Chan S, Salhab M, Linforth R, Tait C. 186. Reducing margin width following breast conserving surgery increases risk of residual disease in the breast. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.08.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Smith K, Paterson S, Capon S, De Angelis J, Grassini D, Lagendijk A, Bailey G, Simons C, Taft R, Hogan B. A large-scale phenotype-to-genotype screen identifies regulators of cardiac development and function. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Zappe Pasturel B, Cruz-Cano R, Rosenberg Goldstein RE, Palmer A, Blythe D, Ryan P, Hogan B, Jung C, Joseph SW, Wang MQ, Ting Lee ML, Puett R, Sapkota AR. Impact of rurality, broiler operations, and community socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis in Maryland. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:2267-75. [PMID: 24134343 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the combined impact of community-level environmental and socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis. METHODS We obtained Campylobacter case data (2002-2010; n = 3694) from the Maryland Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. We obtained community-level socioeconomic and environmental data from the 2000 US Census and the 2007 US Census of Agriculture. We linked data by zip code. We derived incidence rate ratios by Poisson regressions. We mapped a subset of zip code-level characteristics. RESULTS In zip codes that were 100% rural, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of campylobacteriosis were 6 times (IRR = 6.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.19, 11.97) greater than those in urban zip codes. In zip codes with broiler chicken operations, incidence rates were 1.45 times greater than those in zip codes without broilers (IRR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.58). We also observed higher rates in zip codes whose populations were predominantly White and had high median incomes. CONCLUSIONS The community and environment in which one lives may significantly influence the risk of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zappe Pasturel
- Barbara Zappe Pasturel, Rachel E. Rosenberg Goldstein, Sam W. Joseph, Robin Puett, and Amy R. Sapkota are with the Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park. Raul Cruz-Cano and Mei-Ling Ting Lee are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health. Amanda Palmer, David Blythe, Pat Ryan, Brenna Hogan, and Carrianne Jung are with the Infectious Disease and Environmental Health Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore. Min Qi Wang is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health
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de Torres A, Michahelles A, Hogan B, Güssow U, Eckert B, Michels P, Röther J. Reduktion der Door-to-Needle-Zeit durch Patientenübergabe am CT-Tisch - Von der Rettungsliege auf den CT-Tisch. Akt Neurol 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. de Torres
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Abteilung für Neurologie, Hamburg
| | - A. Michahelles
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Abteilung für Neurologie, Hamburg
| | - B. Hogan
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Zentrale Notaufnahme, Hamburg
| | - U. Güssow
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Zentrale Notaufnahme, Hamburg
| | - B. Eckert
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Neuroradiologie, Hamburg
| | - P. Michels
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Abteilung für Neurologie, Hamburg
| | - J. Röther
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Abteilung für Neurologie, Hamburg
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Crawford MK, Smalley RJ, Cohen G, Hogan B, Wood B, Kumar SK, Melnichenko YB, He L, Guise W, Hammouda B. Chain conformation in polymer nanocomposites with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:196001. [PMID: 23705720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanoparticles (NP) on chain dimensions in polymer melts has been the source of considerable theoretical and experimental controversy. We exploit our ability to ensure a spatially uniform dispersion of 13 nm silica NPs miscible in polystyrene melts, together with neutron scattering, x-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, to show that there is no measurable change in the polymer size in miscible mixtures, regardless of the relative sizes of the chains and the nanoparticles, and for NP loadings as high as 32.7 vol%. Our results provide a firm basis from which to understand the properties of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Crawford
- DuPont Central Research and Development, E400/5424, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0400, USA
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Teudt I, Grundmann T, Pueschel K, Hogan B, Leventli B. [ENT emergency treatment and alcohol related head and neck injuries]. Laryngorhinootologie 2013; 92:536-40. [PMID: 23568584 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of ENT-diseases can differ widely among emergency departments (ED) of different geographic regions. Especially in terms of head and neck trauma a higher number of injuries can be expected in large cities due to alcohol related violence.The ED of a large hospital situated in the center of Hamburg Germany was analysed for ENT-emergency treatments in 2011 retrospectively. Beside usual patient statistics, the study focused on alcohol related injuries with an ENT-surgeon involved. All data were compared to reports by other EDs in Germany and alcohol related costs were approximated for initiation of prevention programs in the future.2 339 ENT-patients were admitted to the ED. 19% of all patients used an ambulance whereas 80% reached the ED by private transportation. The majority of patients were between 21 and 30 years of age. For 143 of all trauma cases alcohol involvement was documented. Subanalysis revealed male dominance and a high use of ambulance transportation.The high number of traumata differs considerably from other ENT studies. One reason is the hospital's close proximity to all time party districts like "Reeperbahn" and the "Port of Hamburg". In those areas high amounts of alcohol ingestion takes place leading to more injuries at the head- and neck region. Theoretically financial resources would be plenty after the initiation of those programs as the severe costs for alcohol related medical treatment would decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Teudt
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, HNO-Abteilung, Hamburg.
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Greutélaers B, Wadl M, Nachtnebel M, Rieck T, Hogan B, Adlhoch C, Eckmanns T, Benzler J. [Hospital surveillance during major outbreaks of community-acquired diseases. Pandemic Influenza Hospital Surveillance (PIKS) 2009/2010 and Surveillance of Bloody Diarrhea (SBD) 2011]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013; 138:632-7. [PMID: 23512362 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE During the influenza pandemic 2009/2010 and the outbreak of entero-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)/hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) 2011, the statutory reporting system in Germany was complemented by additional event-related surveillance systems in hospitals. The Pandemic Influenza Hospital Surveillance (PIKS) and the Surveillance of Bloody Diarrhea (SBD) were evaluated, to make experiences available for similar future situations. METHODS The description and evaluation of our surveillance systems is based on the "Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems" published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2001. RESULTS PIKS and SBD could be implemented quickly and were able to capture resilient data in a timely manner both on the severity and course of the influenza pandemic 2009/2010 and the outbreak of EHEC and HUS 2011. Although lacking in representativeness, sensitive and useful data were generated. CONCLUSION In large outbreaks of severe diseases, the establishment of specific hospital surveillance should be considered as early as possible. In Germany, the participating hospitals were able to rapidly implement the required measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Greutélaers
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
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Oldenburg M, Hogan B, Jensen HJ. Systematic review of maritime field studies about stress and strain in seafaring. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 86:1-15. [PMID: 22915144 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to summarize and evaluate the current scientific literature on stress and strain on seafarers on board as defined by maritime field surveys. METHODS Using a systematic review, 109 studies on the stress and strain experienced by seafarers were identified for the period January 1990 to January 2012. RESULTS Only 13 of the identified maritime studies were conducted as field studies, and in 10 of these studies, the focus was on the watch system and/or on fatigue. According to the study results, sleepiness tends to be stronger in the 2-watch system than in the 3-watch system (particularly between 4:00 and 6:00 a.m.). Occasional short sleep episodes appear to provide adequate recovery. Fatigue does not appear to depend on the seafarers' age and is often associated with poor sleep quality; noise and night shifts are also considered to contribute to fatigue. Stress among the seafarers was primarily recorded in sleep diaries (9 times) and with devices for measuring physical activity (4 times). As a rule, a questionnaire was used to assess the strain on the crew on board; 7 studies also additionally recorded biometrical parameters. Only in 6 cases were several groups with different ranks on board investigated. CONCLUSION The conducted literature review makes it clear that most maritime field studies have focused on fatigue and watch systems in the shipping industry--in each case as univariate parameters. Thus, scientific field studies with comprehensive multivariate stress and strain analyses on board are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oldenburg
- Department of Maritime Medicine, Hamburg Port Health Centre, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, ZfAM, Hamburg State Department for Health and Consumer Protection, University of Hamburg, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459 Hamburg, Germany.
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Cramer JP, Mac T, Hogan B, Stauga S, Eberhardt S, Wichmann O, Mertens T, Burchard GD. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies after pandemic and trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination as well as natural infection in November 2010 in Hamburg, Germany. Euro Surveill 2012. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.02.20052-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2009 influenza pandemic has introduced the new re-assorted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus which recirculated during the 2010/11 influenza season. Before that season, it was possible to acquire protective immunity either by pandemic or seasonal influenza vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or by natural infection. To obtain data on vaccination coverage and antibody levels in a reference population and to calculate whether or not the herd immunity threshold (HIT, calculated as 33% given an R0 of 1.5) was reached at the beginning of the 2010/11 season we performed a seroprevalence study in November 2010 in Hamburg, Germany. Antibody titres were assessed applying a haemagglutination inhibition test. Vaccination coverage was very low: 14% for pandemic and 11% for seasonal 2010/11 vaccinations. Even in those with underlying risk factors, vaccination coverage was not much higher: 17% for both vaccines. Serological analysis revealed antibody titres of ≥1:10 in 135 of 352 (38%) and of ≥1:40 in 61 of 352 study participants (17%). Specific antibodies were measurable in 26% of those without history of vaccination or natural infection, indicating a high proportion of subclinical and mild influenza disease. Nevertheless, the HIT was not reached, leaving the majority of the population susceptible to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and its potential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cramer
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Section Clinical Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Mac
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Hogan
- Section Clinical Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Stauga
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Eberhardt
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Wichmann
- Immunisation Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Mertens
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany
| | - G D Burchard
- Section Clinical Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Cramer J, Mac T, Hogan B, Stauga S, Eberhardt S, Wichmann O, Mertens T, Burchard G. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies after pandemic and trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination as well as natural infection in November 2010 in Hamburg, Germany. Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20052. [PMID: 22264864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2009 influenza pandemic has introduced the new re-assorted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus which recirculated during the 2010/11 influenza season. Before that season, it was possible to acquire protective immunity either by pandemic or seasonal influenza vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or by natural infection. To obtain data on vaccination coverage and antibody levels in a reference population and to calculate whether or not the herd immunity threshold (HIT, calculated as 33% given an R0 of 1.5) was reached at the beginning of the 2010/11 season we performed a seroprevalence study in November 2010 in Hamburg, Germany. Antibody titres were assessed applying a haemagglutination inhibition test. Vaccination coverage was very low: 14% for pandemic and 11% for seasonal 2010/11 vaccinations. Even in those with underlying risk factors, vaccination coverage was not much higher: 17% for both vaccines. Serological analysis revealed antibody titres of ≥1:10 in 135 of 352 (38%) and of ≥1:40 in 61 of 352 study participants (17%). Specific antibodies were measurable in 26% of those without history of vaccination or natural infection, indicating a high proportion of subclinical and mild influenza disease. Nevertheless, the HIT was not reached, leaving the majority of the population susceptible to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and its potential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jp Cramer
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Griffiths B, Quinn G, Hogan B, Peter M, Dall B, Achuthan R. The role of ultrasound and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in staging the axilla in breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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White J, Hogan B, Langlands F, Dall B, Horgan K. Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Status Using Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Radiologically Equivocal and Abnormal Nodes. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:The superiority of ultrasound (US) over clinical examination in the assessment of axillary nodes in patients with breast carcinoma is well recognised. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick and minimally invasive procedure to determine the status of axillary lymph nodes pre-operatively. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now widely accepted as the primary axillary staging procedure in the management of early breast cancer. A negative SLNB obviates the need for more extensive axillary surgery, thereby reducing the morbidity associated with axillary node clearance (ANC) in patients with node negative breast cancer. Patients with a SLNB positive for metastasis usually require further axillary treatment, which may include completion ANC and/or radiotherapy. Improving the accuracy of pre-operative staging is desirable in reducing the number of completion ANC procedures necessitated following positive SLNB. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of pre-operative US-guided FNAC of radiologically equivocal or abnormal axillary lymph nodes.Method:Patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma underwent axillary US. Those with radiologically equivocal or abnormal nodes had US-guided FNAC. Patients with a metastatic FNAC had ANC, whereas those with insufficient (i.e. no lymphocytes seen on cytology), benign or equivocal FNAC had SLNB.Results:Correlation of FNAC result and final histologyFNAC ResultN=59Node positivity N=42Inadequate54Benign173Equivocal10Suspicious11Malignant3534 The positive predictive value of suspicious or malignant cytology from a radiologically equivocal or abnormal node is 97%. The negative predictive value is 70%. US-guided FNAC used in the context has 83% sensitivity and 94% specificity.Of the five patients with radiologically equivocal or abnormal nodes and an inadequate cytology (no lymphocytes seen), four had a metastatic sentinel node biopsy.One patient had a malignant FNAC prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and had benign histology on subsequent ANC. If this patient is excluded from analysis, the positive predictive value rises to 100%.Conclusion:US-guided FNAC of radiologically equivocal or abnormal axillary lymph nodes accurately predicts node positivity and can be used to avoid an unnecessary SLNB procedure.Inadequate FNAC from an equivocal or abnormal node is not sufficient evidence to recommend SLNB rather than ANC as the initial surgical axillary procedure. Patients with such findings should have a repeat US-guided FNAC before choosing to proceed with SLNB.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1031.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. White
- 1Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - B. Hogan
- 1Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - F. Langlands
- 1Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - B. Dall
- 2Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - K. Horgan
- 1Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Hogan B, Peter M, Thorpe R, Achuthan R, Carter C, Horgan K, Hughes T. Peri-Operative Suppression of Immune-Regulatory Blood Cells Predicts Wound Complications in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
IntroductionWe have previously demonstrated an association between post-operative wound complications and systemic breast cancer recurrence (p<0.0001), Murthy et al (2007) Br J Cancer 97, 1211-7. The aim of this study was to examine the potential role of the immune system in establishing this association, and therefore whether immune factors might be used to predict either wound complications or cancer recurrences.MethodsPatients with primary operable breast cancer were prospectively recruited to the study. Serial blood investigations were performed pre-operatively, peri-operatively and post-operatively. Absolute numbers of various lymphocyte cell populations were measured using multi-colour flow-cytometry including CD45+lymphocytes, CD19+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD56+ NK cells. We also measured the levels of the NK cytotoxicity receptors NKp30 and NKp46 on the NK cell population.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients were recruited to the study and there was a wound complication rate of 13.4%. Absolute numbers of CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD56+ NK cells were significantly lower 4 hours post-operatively compared to pre-operative levels (p<0.05), although levels had typically recovered after 24 hours. However, NKp30 expression remained significantly reduced at 24 hours (p<0.05). Mastectomy patients had a significantly greater fall in T lymphocyte numbers than those having breast conserving surgery (p<0.05). Patients who went on to develop wound complications post-operatively had a significantly greater fall in their CD4+ helper T cells at 4 hours post-operatively, than those patients who did not go on to develop wound complications (p<0.05).ConclusionsBreast cancer surgery results in severe disruption to the immune system, with dramatic changes in levels of immune regulatory blood cells populations. Changes are predominantly immuno-suppressive. The greater the immune disruption as a result of surgery, the more likely the patient is to develop a wound complication. We believe that this peri-operative immuno-suppression may also provide a window of opportunity for the successful dissemination of tumour cells post-operatively thereby increasing the risk of future metastases; we are maintaining follow up on this patient cohort in order to test correlations between peri-operative immuno-suppression and systemic recurrences.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4132.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hogan
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - M. Peter
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - R. Thorpe
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | | | - C. Carter
- 2St James University Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - K. Horgan
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - T. Hughes
- 3Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, United Kingdom
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Hogan B, Peter M, Langlands F, White J, Dall B, Horgan K. Pathological and Patient Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Ultrasound Combined with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Pre-Operative Staging of the Axilla in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:Ultrasound combined with fine needle aspiration cytology is effective in pre-operative staging of the axilla in breast cancer. Accurate pre-operative diagnosis of lymph node metastases allows for a one stage axillary operation and may also influence decisions regarding neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and breast reconstruction. The aim of this study is to identify pathological and patient factors that influence the accuracy of ultrasound and FNAC in determining the status of the axilla pre-operatively.Methods:Three hundred patients with primary operable invasive breast cancer had an axillary ultrasound pre-operatively. If the ultrasound was normal the patient was offered a sentinel node biopsy. If it identified equivocal or pathological nodes a fine needle aspirate cytology was performed. If the cytology was malignant then an axillary node clearance was performed.Results:Ultrasound combined with FNAC correctly determined the status of the axilla pre-operatively in 78% of cases. Sensitivity for the detection of metastases was 32% with 100% specificity. Factors affecting the accuracy of ultrasound and FNAC were the pathological size of tumour (p<0.05) and the size of the metastases (p<0.05). Age of the patient, pathological grade and type of tumour did not significantly affect the accuracy of the procedure.Conclusion:Ultrasound combined with fine needle aspirate cytology can be used effectively to determine the status of the axilla pre-operatively. All patients regardless of age or their particular tumour characteristics should be offered this procedure pre-operatively.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5020.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hogan
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - M. Peter
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | | | - J. White
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - B. Dall
- 2Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - K. Horgan
- 1Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hanlon
- Department of Radiology, Children's University Hospital, Temple Street and Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Hogan B. The role of filtration in drug delivery systems. Med Device Technol 2006; 17:22-4. [PMID: 16903385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the race to provide the patient population with effective treatment systems, filtration technologies are playing a greater role in meeting the challenges. Good filter design is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hogan
- Filtertek BV, Newcastle West, Co Limerick, Ireland.
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Hogan B. Essential considerations when designing a filter device. Med Device Technol 2005; 16:16-8. [PMID: 15984540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Hogan
- Filtertek BV, Newcastle West, County Limerick, Ireland.
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Cullen JP, Glynn C, Murtagh E, Hogan B, Jeffers M, Lane SJ. Auditing a new lung cancer service. Ir Med J 2004; 97:281-3. [PMID: 15568588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The Adelaide and Meath Hospital (AMNCH) is a new hospital, with the respiratory service established in 1999. We report on our experience with lung cancer in this short time. We conducted a retrospective chart audit, identifying patients from the Oncology Nurse patient list, of lung cancer cases diagnosed in 2001-2002. In 2001, 47 cases were diagnosed, with 71 cases diagnosed in 2002. Time to tissue diagnosis was 14.8, 2-46 (mean, range, one subject skewing the data) days. Diagnosis by tissue type was as follows: non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) n=92 (77.9%), small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) n=17 (14.4%), mesothelioma n=2 (17%), carcinoid n=1 (0.8%) and no tissue diagnosis n=6 (5.1%). Staging of NSCLC: stage 1a n=3 (3.2%), stage 1b n=6 (6.5%), stage 2a n=5 (5.4%), stage 2b n=2 (2.2%), stage 3a n=10 (10.9%), stage 3b n=22 (23.9%) and stage 4 n=44 (47.8%). Staging of SCLC: limited stage n=5 (29.4%), extensive stage n=12 (70.6%). Positive emission tomography (PET) was employed in the staging of 22 patients. In these patients PET up-staged the disease in 8 patients, and management was unchanged in 8 patients. We conclude that 1. the relatively new respiratory service in AMNCH is handling increasing numbers of lung cancer cases, 2. cases are diagnosed within an acceptable time-frame, 3. rate of tissue diagnosis is comparable to national figures, 4. most patients present with advanced disease and 5. PET is a useful imaging modality for detection of cancer spread in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cullen
- Respiratory Department, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24.
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Browne RFJ, Murphy SM, Torreggiani WC, Hogan B, Munk PL. Musculoskeletal case 27. Primary hyperparathyroidism-induced brown tumour of the third metacarpal. Can J Surg 2003; 46:122, 150-1. [PMID: 12691351 PMCID: PMC3211690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R F J Browne
- Department of Radiology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- R F J Browne
- Department of Radiology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
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Toomey D, Smyth G, Condron C, Kay E, Conroy R, Foley D, Hong C, Hogan B, Toner S, McCormick P, Broe P, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D. Immune function, telomerase, and angiogenesis in patients with primary, operable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: tumor size and lymph node status remain the most important prognostic features. Cancer 2002. [PMID: 11745200 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011115)92:10<2648::aid-cncr1618>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoma usually is advanced at the time of presentation and frequently shows metastatic spread. In recent times, prognostic factors such as c-erbB-2 in patients with breast carcinoma have provided useful information and beneficial therapeutic targets. The objective of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis, immune function, and telomerase expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) to determine their prognostic significance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; n = 115 patients), interleukin-2r (IL-2r; n = 40 patients), microvessel density (MVD; n = 81 patients), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; n = 61 patients). Three-year survival follow-up information was available for most patients, and a comprehensive review of clinicopathologic features was carried out. RESULTS Fifty percent of tumors showed nuclear staining for hTERT, 55% of tumors showed some degree of lymphocyte IL-2r expression, 33% of tumors were recorded with an MVD that was higher than average, and VEGF staining was detected in 85% of tumors. None of the parameters measured had an impact on survival. hTERT expression was correlated with lymph node status. Lymph node status and tumor size were identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to identify a marker of prognosis for patients with NSCLC other than tumor size and lymph node status in this population. Telomerase expression was associated with metastases, raising the possibility that this enzyme is involved in the metastatic process. Tumor cell VEGF expression was identified frequently: This growth factor may have potential as a target for antiangiogenic therapy. Lung carcinoma typically is the result of large numbers of mutations. Further understanding of the biologic implications of these mutations will lead to the development of effective prognostic markers and treatments for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Toomey
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Toomey D, Smyth G, Condron C, Kay E, Conroy R, Foley D, Hong C, Hogan B, Toner S, McCormick P, Broe P, Kelly C, Bouchier-Hayes D. Immune function, telomerase, and angiogenesis in patients with primary, operable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: tumor size and lymph node status remain the most important prognostic features. Cancer 2001; 92:2648-57. [PMID: 11745200 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011115)92:10<2648::aid-cncr1618>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoma usually is advanced at the time of presentation and frequently shows metastatic spread. In recent times, prognostic factors such as c-erbB-2 in patients with breast carcinoma have provided useful information and beneficial therapeutic targets. The objective of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis, immune function, and telomerase expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) to determine their prognostic significance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; n = 115 patients), interleukin-2r (IL-2r; n = 40 patients), microvessel density (MVD; n = 81 patients), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; n = 61 patients). Three-year survival follow-up information was available for most patients, and a comprehensive review of clinicopathologic features was carried out. RESULTS Fifty percent of tumors showed nuclear staining for hTERT, 55% of tumors showed some degree of lymphocyte IL-2r expression, 33% of tumors were recorded with an MVD that was higher than average, and VEGF staining was detected in 85% of tumors. None of the parameters measured had an impact on survival. hTERT expression was correlated with lymph node status. Lymph node status and tumor size were identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to identify a marker of prognosis for patients with NSCLC other than tumor size and lymph node status in this population. Telomerase expression was associated with metastases, raising the possibility that this enzyme is involved in the metastatic process. Tumor cell VEGF expression was identified frequently: This growth factor may have potential as a target for antiangiogenic therapy. Lung carcinoma typically is the result of large numbers of mutations. Further understanding of the biologic implications of these mutations will lead to the development of effective prognostic markers and treatments for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Toomey
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Keltner
- University of Alabama School of Nursing, USA.
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Hogan B. An independent's certified value. Third-party credentialing ensures unbiased results. Mater Manag Health Care 2001; 10:19-20. [PMID: 11482260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Hogan
- Applied Measurement Professionals, Lenexa, Kans., USA.
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Abstract
In developmental biology, as in all scientific fields, conceptual advances are tightly coupled to technological innovation. In this review, we trace the evolution of techniques in experimental embryology, from classical ablation to the latest methods utilizing in vivo electroporation, with lens induction as a linking theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weaver
- Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Keltner NL, Hogan B, Guy DM. Dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor function in the CNS. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2001; 37:65-8. [PMID: 15521304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N L Keltner
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.
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Twair AA, Torreggiani WC, Mahmud SM, Ramesh N, Hogan B. Significant savings in radiologic report turnaround time after implementation of a complete picture archiving and communication system (PACS). J Digit Imaging 2000; 13:175-7. [PMID: 11110256 PMCID: PMC3453071 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the important advantages of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is the time saved in comparison with the conventional system. A group of 100 radiologic studies done in a conventional radiology department is compared with another group of the same number done in a completely filmless PACS department to assess the difference in the radiologist report turnaround time. There was a statistically significant (P < .00001) decrease in the median imaging-to-dictation time (IDT) of the PACS group (3 hours and 40 minutes) in comparison with the pre-PACS group (25 hours and 19 minutes). This can be attributed to the fact that PACS eliminates all the workload associated with hard copy films, thus, improving the department's efficiency and decreasing the number of lost films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Twair
- Department of Radiology, the Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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