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Vázquez-González C, Villa-Galaviz E, Reyes-Hernández M, Perez-Niño B, Quijano-Medina T, Parra-Tabla V, Mooney KA, Abdala-Roberts L. Temporal variation in tree diversity effects on birds and its implications for top-down control of insect herbivores in a tropical system. Oecologia 2024; 204:603-612. [PMID: 38393366 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tree diversity promotes predator abundance and diversity, but evidence linking these effects to increased predation pressure on herbivores remains limited. In addition, tree diversity effects on predators can vary temporally as a function of environmental variation, or due to contrasting responses by different predator types. In a multi-year study, we assessed temporal variation in tree diversity effects on bird community abundance, diversity, and predation rates as a whole and by functional group based on feeding guild (omnivores vs. insectivores) and migratory status (migrant vs. resident). To this end, we conducted bird point counts in tree monocultures and polycultures and assessed attacks on clay caterpillars four times over a 2-year period in a tree diversity experiment in Yucatan, Mexico. Tree diversity effects on the bird community varied across surveys, with positive effects on bird abundance and diversity in most but not all surveys. Tree diversity had stronger and more consistent effects on omnivorous and resident birds than on insectivorous and migratory species. Tree diversity effects on attack rates also varied temporally but patterns did not align with variation in bird abundance or diversity. Thus, while we found support for predicted increases in bird abundance, diversity, and predation pressure with tree diversity, these responses exhibited substantial variation over time and the former two were uncoupled from patterns of predation pressure, as well as contingent on bird functional traits. These results underscore the need for long-term studies measuring responses by different predator functional groups to better understand tree diversity effects on top-down control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez-González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Edith Villa-Galaviz
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Biiniza Perez-Niño
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Parra-Tabla
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Kailen A Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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2
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Cirino LA. Seasonal shift in diet affects female reproductive anatomy but not mating behavior. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05398-7. [PMID: 37354252 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Females experience considerable environmental variability when breeding seasons are long. Adverse nutritional conditions can result in a reduction in mating and reproduction. However, a return to good nutrition may help animals resume high reproductive investment. I tested the silver spoon hypothesis in which females raised under poor conditions are reproductively limited compared to those raised under good conditions regardless of their adult environment. I used a specialist herbivore, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae), that lives on seasonally changing cacti. I provided juveniles and adults with a cactus pad with fruit (good diet), without fruit (restricted diet), or an improved adult diet (no fruit as juveniles, fruit at adulthood) to simulate a seasonal change in their diets near the end of the breeding season. I found that both ovary size and egg presence were reduced for females fed the restricted diet compared to those fed the good diet. Females fed the improved diet grew large ovaries like those fed the good diet, but few produced any eggs. Interestingly, female mating behavior did not change but females were less attractive to males when fed restricted diets. My results support the silver spoon hypothesis for compensatory growth and suggest that tradeoffs may occur between early survival and future reproduction when females experience a poor early life diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Cirino
- Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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3
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Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, Liu X. Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:832-840. [PMID: 37106157 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Forests sustain 80% of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity correlates with both primary productivity and higher trophic diversity. However, whether higher trophic diversity can mediate the effects of plant diversity on productivity remains unclear. Here, using 5 years of data on aboveground herbivorous, predatory and parasitoid arthropods along with tree growth data within a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment in southeast China, we provide evidence of multidirectional enhancement among the diversity of trees and higher trophic groups and tree productivity. We show that the effects of experimentally increased tree species richness were consistently positive for species richness and abundance of herbivores, predators and parasitoids. Richness effects decreased as trophic levels increased for species richness and abundance of all trophic groups. Multitrophic species richness and abundance of arthropods were important mediators of plant diversity effects on tree productivity, suggesting that optimizing forest management for increased carbon capture can be more effective when the diversity of higher trophic groups is promoted in concert with that of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Perttu Anttonen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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4
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Peller T, Guichard F, Altermatt F. The significance of partial migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:3-22. [PMID: 36443028 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Migration is ubiquitous and can strongly shape food webs and ecosystems. Less familiar, however, is that the majority of life cycle, seasonal and diel migrations in nature are partial migrations: only a fraction of the population migrates while the other individuals remain in their resident ecosystem. Here, we demonstrate different impacts of partial migration rendering it fundamental to our understanding of the significance of migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. First, partial migration affects the spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the food web and ecosystem-level processes they drive differently than expected under full migration. Second, whether an individual migrates or not is regularly correlated with morphological, physiological, and/or behavioural traits that shape its food-web and ecosystem-level impacts. Third, food web and ecosystem dynamics can drive the fraction of the population migrating, enabling the potential for feedbacks between the causes and consequences of migration within and across ecosystems. These impacts, individually and in combination, can yield unintuitive effects of migration and drive the dynamics, diversity and functions of ecosystems. By presenting the first full integration of partial migration and trophic (meta-)community and (meta-)ecosystem ecology, we provide a roadmap for studying how migration affects and is affected by ecosystem dynamics in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Peller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Eawag: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Eawag: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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5
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Campillay-Llanos W, Córdova-Lepe FD, Moreno-Gómez FN. Coexistence, Energy, and Trophic Cascade in a Three-Level Food Chain Integrating Body Sizes. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.821176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is a biological interaction that influences demographic patterns by modifying community structure. In the current ecological crisis, there is a need to better understand the conditions of coexistence between predators, prey and their resources. The body size is considered a key feature to explain community-scale phenomena, energetic, and evolutionary constraints. This raises the question of how species body size directly or indirectly affects the demographic patterns that enable coexistence. Considering the above, we conducted a theoretical study that implements a Rosenzweig-MacArthur type model, which represents a three-level chain that integrates body sizes and includes a Holling type I functional response. In this model, we characterize coexistence through body size-dependent net reproductive rates. Our results suggest that the body sizes of consumer species strongly affect the size-density relations and energy requirements. We obtain the negative relationship between body size and density of intermediate consumers and discuss the energy equivalence rule. Furthermore, larger predators have a more significant impact on the intensity of the trophic cascade than smaller predators. Finally, we discuss potential extensions and applications of our modeling approach.
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6
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Mühlenhaupt M, Jiang B, Brauner O, Mikolajewski DJ. Inter- and Intraspecific Trait Compensation of Behavioural and Morphological Defences in a Damselfly Genus. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.874276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is a key driver of phenotypic diversification with prey having evolved sets of correlated anti-predator traits. Changes in anti-predator traits can be studied on an evolutionary as well as on a developmental timescale. Using a common garden setup, we studied inter- and intraspecific correlations of behavioural and morphological defences in four damselfly species that either occur in habitats dominated by predatory fish (fish habitats) or fishless habitats by raising larvae either with predatory fish or in a control treatment. We found inter- as well as intraspecific trait compensation (negative correlations) between behavioural and morphological defences. Compared to fishless habitat species, fish habitat species invested more in behavioural defences and less in morphological defences. This was mirrored by fish habitat species investing more in behavioural defences and less in morphological defences when reared with predatory fish whereas fishless habitat species invested less in morphological defences only. Our results emphasise the role of context-specific combinations of defensive traits to avoid predation. We suggest, considering changes in multiple correlated traits on different timescales when studying the evolution of anti-predator traits.
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7
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Gordon SCC, Kerr JT. Floral diversity increases butterfly diversity in a multitrophic metacommunity. Ecology 2022; 103:e3735. [PMID: 35446439 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The impact of multitrophic interactions on metacommunity structure, despite extensive theory and modelling/manipulative studies, has remained largely unexplored within naturally occurring metacommunities. We investigated the impacts of mutualistic partners and predators on a butterfly metacommunity, as well as the impacts that local and landscape characteristics have across three trophic levels: flowering plants, butterflies, and butterfly predators. Using data for butterfly diversity/richness, flowering plant diversity/richness, and butterfly predation (on clay butterfly models) across 15 grassland sites, we asked 3 questions: 1) How do mutualist metacommunity structure, predation pressure, and local and regional habitat characteristics affect butterfly metacommunity structure? 2) How do local and regional habitat characteristics affect flowering plant metacommunity structure? 3) How do local and regional habitat characteristics affect predation pressure? Floral diversity and richness had a positive effect on butterfly diversity and richness (Question 1). Site size positively affected floral diversity and richness (Question 2), and through this relationship site size had an indirect positive effect on butterfly diversity and richness (Question 1). In contrast with previous work, no other variables impacted butterfly diversity/richness. This result was particularly surprising for predation pressure: our results suggest that within our study system butterfly community diversity and richness is not strongly impacted by predation. Predator attacks occurred more in larger and more isolated sites (Question 3), suggesting that predators respond more strongly to landscape characteristics than abundance or diversity of butterfly prey species. This decoupling of predation pressure and butterfly communities suggests that conserving and restoring healthy predator populations may not negatively impact butterfly communities. If diverse plant communities are maintained, even small and isolated habitat patches can be valuable for butterfly conservation, which may influence reserve design and habitat restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C C Gordon
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy T Kerr
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Pokorny B, Cerri J, Bužan E. Wildlife roadkill and COVID‐19: a biologically significant, but heterogeneous, reduction. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Pokorny
- Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7 Velenje Slovenia
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Jacopo Cerri
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8 Koper Slovenia
| | - Elena Bužan
- Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7 Velenje Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8 Koper Slovenia
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9
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Brice EM, Larsen EJ, MacNulty DR. Sampling bias exaggerates a textbook example of a trophic cascade. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:177-188. [PMID: 34748261 PMCID: PMC9298920 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding trophic cascades in terrestrial wildlife communities is a major challenge because these systems are difficult to sample properly. We show how a tradition of non‐random sampling has confounded this understanding in a textbook system (Yellowstone National Park) where carnivore [Canis lupus (wolf)] recovery is associated with a trophic cascade involving changes in herbivore [Cervus canadensis (elk)] behaviour and density that promote plant regeneration. Long‐term data indicate a practice of sampling only the tallest young plants overestimated regeneration of overstory aspen (Populus tremuloides) by a factor of 4–7 compared to random sampling because it favoured plants taller than the preferred browsing height of elk and overlooked non‐regenerating aspen stands. Random sampling described a trophic cascade, but it was weaker than the one that non‐random sampling described. Our findings highlight the critical importance of basic sampling principles (e.g. randomisation) for achieving an accurate understanding of trophic cascades in terrestrial wildlife systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Brice
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Eric J Larsen
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel R MacNulty
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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10
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Rezende F, Antiqueira PAP, Petchey OL, Velho LFM, Rodrigues LC, Romero GQ. Trophic downgrading decreases species asynchrony and community stability regardless of climate warming. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2660-2673. [PMID: 34537987 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Theory and some evidence suggest that biodiversity promotes stability. However, evidence of how trophic interactions and environmental changes modulate this relationship in multitrophic communities is lacking. Given the current scenario of biodiversity loss and climate changes, where top predators are disproportionately more affected, filling these knowledge gaps is crucial. We simulated climate warming and top predator loss in natural microcosms to investigate their direct and indirect effects on temporal stability of microbial communities and the role of underlying stabilising mechanisms. Community stability was insensitive to warming, but indirectly decreased due to top predator loss via increased mesopredator abundance and consequent reduction of species asynchrony and species stability. The magnitude of destabilising effects differed among trophic levels, being disproportionally higher at lower trophic levels (e.g. producers). Our study unravels major patterns and causal mechanisms by which trophic downgrading destabilises large food webs, regardless of climate warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo A P Antiqueira
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Felipe M Velho
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), DBI/PEA/NUPÉLIA, Av. Colombo, Maringá-PR, Brazil
| | - Luzia C Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), DBI/PEA/NUPÉLIA, Av. Colombo, Maringá-PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
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11
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Regulation by the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea of the Structure of its Inquiline Food Web. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Van Buskirk J, Smith DC. Ecological causes of fluctuating natural selection on habitat choice in an amphibian. Evolution 2021; 75:1862-1877. [PMID: 34096054 PMCID: PMC8362115 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We estimated natural selection targeting three traits related to habitat choice in a frog (Pseudacris maculata) breeding in pools on the rocky shores of Isle Royale, Michigan, over 16 years. Our aim was to identify the form and ecological causes of annual variation in directional and correlational selection as expressed in the survival and growth of tadpoles. We found directional selection favoring early breeding, but pool choice was under weak stabilizing selection. However, the form of stabilizing selection and the position of the optimum trait value shifted among years with the severity of disturbance and the intensity of biotic interactions. In years when wave wash and pool desiccation were severe, selection shifted to favor tadpoles in habitats where these risks were less pronounced. If predatory dragonfly larvae were abundant, selection favored tadpoles in small pools where dragonflies did not occur. When intraspecific competition was strong, selection favored early broods within a broader range of pool types. The agents of selection in this study—biotic interactions and disturbance—are common to many ecological systems and frequently exhibit temporal variation; this suggests that fluctuating selection may be widespread in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David C Smith
- Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267
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13
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Bao H, Wang G, Yao Y, Peng Z, Dou H, Jiang G. Warming-driven shifts in ecological control of fish communities in a large northern Chinese lake over 66 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144722. [PMID: 33736366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Warming, land-use change, and habitat loss are three major threats to aquatic biodiversity worldwide under the influences of anthropogenic disturbances. Positive feedback between warming and bottom-up regulation may cause irreversible ecological regime shifts. Threshold dynamics of interspecific interactions have been rarely studied in freshwater fish communities using threshold community models. Here we use 66 years (1950-2015) of data to link four ecological regime shifts of 9-species fish communities to climatic and land use changes in Lake Hulun, the largest freshwater lake of Northern China. Overfishing caused the collapse of piscivorous fish populations and an ecological regime shift of Lake Hulun in the late 1950s. The first recorded algal bloom of Lake Hulun took place in 1986, with accelerated warming and rapid increases in livestock grazing. The dominance of planktivorous minnow populations reduced fish biodiversity in a nonlinear, threshold manner when annual mean ambient temperature was >0.12 °C. Multivariate environmental vector regression demonstrated that warming, eutrophication, and water-storage reduction (i.e., habitat loss) were related to three ecological regime shifts of Lake Hulun from 1960 to 2015. Multivariate autoregressive models (MAR) did not detect predation by piscivorous fish in Lake Hulun after 1960. Threshold MAR models indicated that dominant minnow populations and other prey fish populations switched from top-down to bottom-up control during the 1980s. Sustained positive feedback between warming, the dominance of planktivorous fish populations, and bottom-up regulation caused predator-prey role reversal, and probably resulted in three regime shifts of Lake Hulun over 56 years. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of ecological regime shifts in Hulun Lake fish communities, and has potential implications for fish species living in similar environments that are subject to global warming, land-use changes, and overfishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Bao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Feline Research Center, Chinese State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guiming Wang
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Yunlong Yao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zitian Peng
- Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve, Hailar, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 021008, PR China
| | - Huashan Dou
- Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve, Hailar, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 021008, PR China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Feline Research Center, Chinese State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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14
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Su H, Feng Y, Chen J, Chen J, Ma S, Fang J, Xie P. Determinants of trophic cascade strength in freshwater ecosystems: a global analysis. Ecology 2021; 102:e03370. [PMID: 33961286 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Top-down cascade effects are among the most important mechanisms underlying community structure and abundance dynamics in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. A current challenge is understanding the factors controlling trophic cascade strength under global environmental changes. Here, we synthesized 161 global sites to analyze how multiple factors influence consumer-resource interactions with fish in freshwater ecosystems. Fish have a profound negative effect on zooplankton and water clarity but positive effects on primary producers and water nutrients. Furthermore, fish trophic levels can modify the strength of trophic cascades, but an even number of food chain length does not have a negative effect on primary producers in real ecosystems. Eutrophication, warming, and predator abundance strengthen the trophic cascade effects on phytoplankton, suggesting that top-down control will be increasingly important under future global environmental changes. We found no influence or even an increasing trophic cascade strength (e.g., phytoplankton) with increasing latitude, which does not support the widespread view that the trophic cascade strength increases closer to the equator. With increasing temporal and spatial scales, the experimental duration has an accumulative effect, whereas the experimental size is not associated with the trophic cascade strength. Taken together, eutrophication, warming, temporal scale, and predator trophic level and abundance are pivotal to understanding the impacts of multiple environmental factors on the trophic cascade strength. Future studies should stress the possible synergistic effect of multiple factors on the food web structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Su
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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15
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A comparison of the ecological effects of two invasive poeciliids and two native fishes: a mesocosm approach. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Simon FW, Vasseur DA. Variation cascades: resource pulses and top-down effects across time scales. Ecology 2020; 102:e03277. [PMID: 33354775 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Top-down and bottom-up theories of trophic control have been fundamental to our understanding of community dynamics and structure. However, most ecological theories have focused on equilibrium dynamics and do not provide predictions for communities' responses in temporally fluctuating environments. By deriving the frequency response of populations in different trophic communities, we extend the top-down and bottom-up theories of ecology to include how temporal fluctuations in potential primary productivity percolate up the food chain and are re-expressed as population variability. Moreover, by switching from a time-based representation into the frequency domain, we provide a unified method to compare how the time scale of perturbations determines communities' responses. At low frequencies, primary producers and secondary consumers have the highest temporal variability, while the primary consumers are relatively stable. Similar to the Exploitation Ecosystem Hypothesis, top-down effects drive this alternating pattern of variability. We define the top-down effect of consumers on the variability of lower trophic levels as a variation cascade. However, at intermediate frequencies, variation cascades can amplify temporal variation up the food chain. At high frequencies, variation cascades weaken, and fluctuations are attenuated up the food chain. In summary, we provide a novel theory for how communities will respond to fluctuations in productivity, and we show that indirect species interactions play a crucial role in determining community dynamics across the frequency spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz W Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - David A Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
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17
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Goto D, Dunlop ES, Young JD, Jackson DA. Shifting trophic control of fishery-ecosystem dynamics following biological invasions. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02190. [PMID: 32506720 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing human population size and mobility have accelerated the translocation of nonnative species globally, which has become a major threat to conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Introduced species can disrupt species interactions of the recipient ecosystem, triggering system-wide events, and amplify or dampen effects of existing pressures. We show how two pervasive intercontinental invasive consumers in North American lakes, dreissenids (filter-feeding mussels) and Bythotrephes (carnivorous zooplankton), nonlinearly modify consumer-resource dynamics and undermine management interventions to rebuild cold-water predatory fish biomass. Synthesizing 30 yr (1986-2015) of lake-wide monitoring data with a dynamic mass-balance food-web model (consisting of 61 species and trophic groups), we reconstructed historical food-web dynamics of Lake Simcoe, a large, temperate lake in Ontario, Canada that has shifted from a turbid to clear-water state. We then analyzed patterns of biomass fluctuations of three recreationally harvested, ecologically connected populations; lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush, a piscivore), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, a benthivore), and cisco (C. artedi, a planktivore) before and after the invasions by testing hypotheses on their delayed recoveries under management interventions-predator manipulations (fishery removal and stocking) and nutrient (phosphorus) load reduction. Analyses suggest that fishery harvest primarily regulated early recovery trajectories of the piscivore and planktivore, weakening top-down control prior to the establishment of the invasive consumers. By contrast, the benthivore biomass patterns were shaped, in part, by the invasive mussels (via diet shift), independently of management actions. Although improved water quality (with reduced hypoxia in deeper water) and, in turn, higher macrophyte production are projected to expand the predation refuge for young fish, intensified planktivory (by Bythotrephes) and herbivory (by dreissenids) have triggered shifts in community composition (from pelagic to demersal dominance). These system-wide shifts, in turn, have substantially diminished ecosystem productivity, thereby shrinking fishery yields. Novel consumers can rewire food webs, disrupt energy flows, and suppress predator recoveries, underscoring the need to account for altered ecological reality when sustainably managing fishery resources in invaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Goto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Erin S Dunlop
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Joelle D Young
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Donald A Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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18
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Rogers TL, Munch SB, Stewart SD, Palkovacs EP, Giron-Nava A, Matsuzaki SIS, Symons CC. Trophic control changes with season and nutrient loading in lakes. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1287-1297. [PMID: 32476249 PMCID: PMC7384198 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experiments have revealed much about top‐down and bottom‐up control in ecosystems, but manipulative experiments are limited in spatial and temporal scale. To obtain a more nuanced understanding of trophic control over large scales, we explored long‐term time‐series data from 13 globally distributed lakes and used empirical dynamic modelling to quantify interaction strengths between zooplankton and phytoplankton over time within and across lakes. Across all lakes, top‐down effects were associated with nutrients, switching from negative in mesotrophic lakes to positive in oligotrophic lakes. This result suggests that zooplankton nutrient recycling exceeds grazing pressure in nutrient‐limited systems. Within individual lakes, results were consistent with a ‘seasonal reset’ hypothesis in which top‐down and bottom‐up interactions varied seasonally and were both strongest at the beginning of the growing season. Thus, trophic control is not static, but varies with abiotic conditions – dynamics that only become evident when observing changes over large spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Rogers
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Stephan B Munch
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | | | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Alfredo Giron-Nava
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Celia C Symons
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie H. Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis California
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20
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Rogy P, Hammill E, Smith MA, Rost-Komiya B, Srivastava DS. Bromeliads affect the interactions and composition of invertebrates on their support tree. Oecologia 2020; 192:879-891. [PMID: 32067120 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individual species can have profound effects on ecological communities, but, in hyperdiverse systems, it can be challenging to determine the underlying ecological mechanisms. Simplifying species' responses by trophic level or functional group may be useful, but characterizing the trait structure of communities may be better related to niche processes. A largely overlooked trait in such community-level analyses is behaviour. In the Neotropics, epiphytic tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) harbour a distinct fauna of terrestrial invertebrates that is mainly composed of predators, such as ants and spiders. As these bromeliad-associated predators tend to forage on the bromeliads' support tree, they may influence the arboreal invertebrate fauna. We examined how, by increasing associated predator habitat, bromeliads may affect arboreal invertebrates. Specifically, we observed the trophic and functional group composition, and the behaviour and interspecific interactions of arboreal invertebrates in trees with and without bromeliads. Bromeliads modified the functional composition of arboreal invertebrates, but not the overall abundance of predators and herbivores. Bromeliads did not alter the overall behavioural profile of arboreal invertebrates, but did lead to more positive interactions in the day than at night, with a reverse pattern on trees without bromeliads. In particular, tending behaviours were influenced by bromeliad-associated predators. These results indicate that detailed examination of the functional affiliations and behaviour of organisms can reveal complex effects of habitat-forming species like bromeliads, even when total densities of trophic groups are insensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Rogy
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, 5210 Old Main Hill, NR 210, Logan, UT, 84322-5210, USA
| | - M Alex Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Beatrice Rost-Komiya
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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21
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Rossberg AG, Gaedke U, Kratina P. Dome patterns in pelagic size spectra reveal strong trophic cascades. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4396. [PMID: 31562299 PMCID: PMC6764997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In ecological communities, especially the pelagic zones of aquatic ecosystems, certain body-size ranges are often over-represented compared to others. Community size spectra, the distributions of community biomass over the logarithmic body-mass axis, tend to exhibit regularly spaced local maxima, called “domes”, separated by steep troughs. Contrasting established theory, we explain these dome patterns as manifestations of top-down trophic cascades along aquatic food chains. Compiling high quality size-spectrum data and comparing these with a size-spectrum model introduced in this study, we test this theory and develop a detailed picture of the mechanisms by which bottom-up and top-down effects interact to generate dome patterns. Results imply that strong top-down trophic cascades are common in freshwater communities, much more than hitherto demonstrated, and may arise in nutrient rich marine systems as well. Transferring insights from the general theory of non-linear pattern formation to domes patterns, we provide new interpretations of past lake-manipulation experiments. An important question in ecology is how much species at higher trophic levels affect lower levels through top-down cascades. Here the authors show through analyses of pelagic size spectra that such cascades are strong in freshwater systems and can also arise in nutrient rich marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G Rossberg
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK. .,International Initiative for Theoretical Ecology, Unit 10, 317 Essex Road, London, N1 2EE, UK.
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modeling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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22
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Anderson TL, Stemp KM, Ousterhout BH, Burton D, Davenport JM. Impacts of phenological variability in a predatory larval salamander on pond food webs. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Anderson
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
- Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
| | - K. M. Stemp
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
- Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
| | - B. H. Ousterhout
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center East Alton IL USA
| | - D. Burton
- Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
| | - J. M. Davenport
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
- Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
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23
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Piovia‐Scott J, Yang LH, Wright AN, Spiller DA, Schoener TW. Pulsed seaweed subsidies drive sequential shifts in the effects of lizard predators on island food webs. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1850-1859. [PMID: 31412432 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Piovia‐Scott
- School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Vancouver WA USA
| | - Louie H. Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - David A. Spiller
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Thomas W. Schoener
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA USA
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24
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Fahimipour AK, Levin DA, Anderson KE. Omnivory does not preclude strong trophic cascades. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkaan K. Fahimipour
- Department of Computer Science University of California Davis California USA
- Biology and the Built Environment Center University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - David A. Levin
- Department of Mathematics University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Kurt E. Anderson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology University of California Riverside California USA
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25
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Rogy P, Hammill E, Srivastava DS. Complex indirect effects of epiphytic bromeliads on the invertebrate food webs of their support tree. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Rogy
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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26
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Furey NB, Armstrong JB, Beauchamp DA, Hinch SG. Migratory coupling between predators and prey. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1846-1853. [PMID: 30467414 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animal migrations act to couple ecosystems and are undertaken by some of the world's most endangered taxa. Predators often exploit migrant prey, but the movements taken by these consumers are rarely studied or understood. We define such movements, where migrant prey induce large-scale movements of predators, as migratory coupling. Migratory coupling can have ecological consequences for the participating prey, predators and the communities they traverse across the landscape. We review examples of migratory coupling in the literature and provide hypotheses regarding conditions favourable for their occurrence. We also provide a framework for interactions induced by migratory coupling and demonstrate their potential community-level impacts by examining other forms of spatial shifts in predators. Migratory coupling integrates the fields of landscape, movement, food web and community ecologies, and represents an understudied frontier in ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Furey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. .,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jonathan B Armstrong
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David A Beauchamp
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Donadi S, Austin ÅN, Svartgren E, Eriksson BK, Hansen JP, Eklöf JS. Density‐dependent positive feedbacks buffer aquatic plants from interactive effects of eutrophication and predator loss. Ecology 2018; 99:2515-2524. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Donadi
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources Institute of Freshwater Research Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Stångholmsvägen 2 SE‐178 93 Drottningholm Sweden
| | - Å. N. Austin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Svartgren
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. K. Eriksson
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life‐Sciences University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Hansen
- Baltic Sea Centre Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. S. Eklöf
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Wang B, Segar ST, Deng GZ, Luo TX, Lin H, Peng YQ. Variation in trophic cascade strength is triggered by top-down process in an ant-wasp-fig system. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-666303 Menglun PR China
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Dept of Ecology, Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice; Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice; Czech Republic
| | - Gui-Zhong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-666303 Menglun PR China
| | - Tian-Xun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Inst. of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science; Kunming, Yunnan PR China
| | - Hua Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-666303 Menglun PR China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; CN-666303 Menglun PR China
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29
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Spiller DA, Schoener TW, Piovia-Scott J. Recovery of food webs following natural physical disturbances. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1429:100-117. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Spiller
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California Davis; Davis California
| | - Thomas W. Schoener
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California Davis; Davis California
| | - Jonah Piovia-Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences; Washington State University Vancouver; Vancouver Washington
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30
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Hamman EA, McCoy MW. Top-down pulses reduce prey population sizes and persistence. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9346. [PMID: 29921899 PMCID: PMC6008325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource pulses are well documented and have important consequences for population dynamics relative to continuous inputs. However, pulses of top-down factors (e.g. predation) are less explored and appreciated in the ecological literature. Here, we use a simple differential equation population model to show how pulsed removals of individuals from a population alter population size relative to continuous dynamics. Pulsed removals result in lower equilibrium population sizes relative to continuous removals, and the differences are greatest at low population growth rates, high removal rates, and with large, infrequent pulses. Furthermore, the timing of the removal pulses (either stochastic or cyclic) affects population size. For example, cyclic removals are less likely than stochastic removals to result in population eradication, but when eradication occurs, the time until eradication is shorter for cyclic than with stochastic removals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
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