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Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, Liu X. Author Correction: Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:352. [PMID: 38200370 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Perttu Anttonen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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2
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Dürrbaum E, Fornoff F, Scherber C, Vesterinen EJ, Eitzinger B. Metabarcoding of trap nests reveals differential impact of urbanization on cavity-nesting bee and wasp communities. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6449-6460. [PMID: 36479967 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is affecting arthropod communities worldwide, for example by changing the availability of food resources. However, the strength and direction of a community's response is species-specific and depends on species' trophic level. Here, we investigated interacting species at different trophic levels in nests of cavity-nesting bees and wasps along two urbanization gradients in four German cities using trap nests. We analysed bee and wasp diversity and their trophic interaction partners by metabarcoding the DNA of bee pollen and preyed arthropods found in wasp nests. We found that the pollen richness increased with increasing distance from city centres and at sites characterized by a high percentage of impervious and developed surface, while the richness of pollinators was unaffected by urbanization. In contrast, species richness of wasps, but not their arthropod prey, was highest at sites with low levels of urbanization. However, the community structure of wasp prey changed with urbanization at both local and regional scales. Throughout the study area, the community of wasps consisted of specialists, while bee species were generalists. Our results suggest that Hymenoptera and their food resources are negatively affected by increasing urbanization. However, to understand distribution patterns of both, wasps and bees in urban settings other factors besides food availability should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Dürrbaum
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Science, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eero J Vesterinen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Eitzinger
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, Liu X. Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:832-840. [PMID: 37106157 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Forests sustain 80% of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity correlates with both primary productivity and higher trophic diversity. However, whether higher trophic diversity can mediate the effects of plant diversity on productivity remains unclear. Here, using 5 years of data on aboveground herbivorous, predatory and parasitoid arthropods along with tree growth data within a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment in southeast China, we provide evidence of multidirectional enhancement among the diversity of trees and higher trophic groups and tree productivity. We show that the effects of experimentally increased tree species richness were consistently positive for species richness and abundance of herbivores, predators and parasitoids. Richness effects decreased as trophic levels increased for species richness and abundance of all trophic groups. Multitrophic species richness and abundance of arthropods were important mediators of plant diversity effects on tree productivity, suggesting that optimizing forest management for increased carbon capture can be more effective when the diversity of higher trophic groups is promoted in concert with that of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peng-Fei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Perttu Anttonen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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4
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Tang T, Zhang N, Bongers FJ, Staab M, Schuldt A, Fornoff F, Lin H, Cavender-Bares J, Hipp AL, Li S, Liang Y, Han B, Klein AM, Bruelheide H, Durka W, Schmid B, Ma K, Liu X. Tree species and genetic diversity increase productivity via functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. eLife 2022; 11:78703. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.78703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing global biodiversity loss requires an expanded focus on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. While most studies have focused on the consequences of plant interspecific diversity, our mechanistic understanding of how genetic diversity within plant species affects plant productivity remains limited. Here, we use a tree species × genetic diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of species diversity and genetic diversity, and how they are related to tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. We found that tree species diversity increased tree productivity via increased tree functional diversity, reduced soil fungal diversity and marginally reduced herbivory. The effects of tree genetic diversity on productivity via functional diversity and soil fungal diversity were negative in monocultures but positive in the mixture of the four tree species tested. Given the complexity of interactions between species and genetic diversity, tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks on productivity, we suggest that both tree species and genetic diversity should be considered in afforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Naili Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University
| | | | | | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg
| | - Hong Lin
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
| | | | | | - Shan Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Baocai Han
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
| | | | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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5
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von Königslöw V, Fornoff F, Klein A. Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien von Königslöw
- University of Freiburg Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Freiburg Germany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- University of Freiburg Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Freiburg Germany
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6
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Guo PF, Wang MQ, Orr M, Li Y, Chen JT, Zhou QS, Staab M, Fornoff F, Chen GH, Zhang NL, Klein AM, Zhu CD. Reprint of: Tree diversity promotes predatory wasps and parasitoids but not pollinator bees in a subtropical experimental forest. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Guo PF, Wang MQ, Orr M, Li Y, Chen JT, Zhou QS, Staab M, Fornoff F, Chen GH, Zhang NL, Klein AM, Zhu CD. Tree diversity promotes predatory wasps and parasitoids but not pollinator bees in a subtropical experimental forest. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Fornoff F, Staab M, Zhu CD, Klein AM. Multi-trophic communities re-establish with canopy cover and microclimate in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment. Oecologia 2021; 196:289-301. [PMID: 33895883 PMCID: PMC8139880 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant diversity affects multi-trophic communities, but in young regrowth forests, where forest insects are in the process of re-establishment, other biotic and also abiotic factors might be more important. We studied cavity-nesting bees, wasps and their natural enemies along an experimental tree diversity gradient in subtropical South-East China. We compared insect communities of experimental young forests with communities of established natural forests nearby the experiment and tested for direct and indirect effects of tree diversity, tree basal area (a proxy of tree biomass), canopy cover and microclimate on bee and wasp community composition, abundance and species richness. Finally, we tested if the trophic levels of bees, herbivore-hunting wasps, spider-hunting wasps and their natural enemies respond similarly. Forest bee and wasp community composition re-established towards communities of the natural forest with increasing tree biomass and canopy cover. These factors directly and indirectly, via microclimatic conditions, increased the abundance of bees, wasps and their natural enemies. While bee and wasp species richness increased with abundance and both were not related to tree diversity, abundance increased directly with canopy cover, mediated by tree biomass. Abundance of natural enemies increased with host (bee and wasp) abundance irrespective of their trophic position. In conclusion, although maximizing tree diversity is an important goal of reforestation and forest conservation, rapid closure of canopies is also important for re-establishing communities of forest bees, wasps and their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fornoff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Staab
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Ecological Networks, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Multi-trophic interactions maintain critical ecosystem functions. Biodiversity is declining globally, while responses of trophic interactions to biodiversity change are largely unclear. Thus, studying responses of multi-trophic interaction robustness to biodiversity change is crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and persistence. We investigate plant-Hemiptera (antagonism) and Hemiptera-ant (mutualism) interaction networks in response to experimental manipulation of tree diversity. We show increased diversity at both higher trophic levels (Hemiptera and ants) and increased robustness through redundancy of lower level species of multi-trophic interactions when tree diversity increased. Hemiptera and ant diversity increased with tree diversity through non-additive diversity effects. Network analyses identified that tree diversity also increased the number of tree and Hemiptera species used by Hemiptera and ant species, and decreased the specialization on lower trophic level species in both mutualistic and antagonist interactions. Our results demonstrate that bottom-up effects of tree diversity ascend through trophic levels regardless of interaction type. Thus, local tree diversity is a key driver of multi-trophic community diversity and interaction robustness in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fornoff
- 1 Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg , Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79196 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- 1 Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg , Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79196 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- 2 Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- 1 Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg , Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79196 Freiburg , Germany
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10
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Roquer‐Beni L, Rodrigo A, Arnan X, Klein A, Fornoff F, Boreux V, Bosch J. A novel method to measure hairiness in bees and other insect pollinators. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2979-2990. [PMID: 32211170 PMCID: PMC7083657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairiness is a salient trait of insect pollinators that has been linked to thermoregulation, pollen uptake and transportation, and pollination success. Despite its potential importance in pollination ecology, hairiness is rarely included in pollinator trait analyses. This is likely due to the lack of standardized and efficient methods to measure hairiness. We describe a novel methodology that uses a stereomicroscope equipped with a live measurement module software to quantitatively measure two components of hairiness: hair density and hair length. We took measures of the two hairiness components in 109 insect pollinator species (including 52 bee species). We analyzed the relationship between hair density and length and between these two components and body size. We combined hair density and length measures to calculate a hairiness index and tested whether hairiness differed between major pollinator groups and bee genera. Body size was strongly and positively correlated to hair length and weakly and negatively correlated to hair density. The correlation between the two hairiness components was weak and negative. According to our hairiness index, butterflies and moths were the hairiest pollinator group, followed by bees, hoverflies, beetles, and other flies. Among bees, bumblebees (Bombus) and mason bees (Osmia) were the hairiest taxa, followed by digger bees (Anthophorinae), sand bees (Andrena), and sweat bees (Halictini). Our methodology provides an effective and standardized measure of the two components of hairiness (hair density and length), thus allowing for a meaningful interpretation of hairiness. We provide a detailed protocol of our methodology, which we hope will contribute to improve our understanding of pollination effectiveness, thermal biology, and responses to climate change in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roquer‐Beni
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCatalunyaSpain
| | - Anselm Rodrigo
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCatalunyaSpain
| | - Xavier Arnan
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCatalunyaSpain
| | | | - Felix Fornoff
- Nature Conservation and Landscape EcologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Virginie Boreux
- Nature Conservation and Landscape EcologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCatalunyaSpain
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11
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Gutiérrez-Chacón C, Fornoff F, Ospina-Torres R, Klein AM. Pollination of Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) Benefits From Large Wild Insects. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:1526-1534. [PMID: 29767736 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of wild pollinators to food production has recently been assessed for many crops, although it remains unclear for several tropical crops. Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss), a crop native to the tropical Andes, is one such crop where a gap exists regarding comprehensive knowledge about its pollination system. In a field experiment in the Colombian Andes, we 1) describe flower visitors in terms of visit quantity (visitation rate) and quality (touches of flower-reproductive structures), 2) assess the pollination system by comparing fruit set and fruit weight per flower in three pollination treatments: pollinator exclusion, open pollination, and supplementary pollination, and 3) evaluate pollination deficits (difference between open and supplementary pollination) in relation to pollinator density. We observed 12 bee species visiting granadilla flowers, with Apis mellifera Linnaeus being the most frequent species. However, large bees such as Xylocopa lachnea Moure and Epicharis rustica Olivier touched stigmata and anthers more often. Fruit set and fruit weight per flower were significantly lower in the pollinator exclusion treatment compared to open and supplementary pollination, while the latter treatments showed nonsignificant differences. Pollination deficit significantly decreased with the increasing density of large bees and wasps. Our results illustrate the high dependency of granadilla on wild pollinating insects and highlight the crucial role of large insects to granadilla production. This stresses the need to maintain or increase the density of large pollinators in granadilla production areas, which in turn will necessitate better knowledge on their ecological requirements to inform landscape planning and population-management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Gutiérrez-Chacón
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße, Freiburg, Germany
- Wildlife Conservation Society-Colombia Program, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rodulfo Ospina-Torres
- Department of Biology, National University of Colombia, Carrera, Bogotá D. C., Colombia
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Cao HX, Klein AM, Zhu C, Staab M, Durka W, Fischer M, Fornoff F. Intra- and interspecific tree diversity promotes multitrophic plant–Hemiptera–ant interactions in a forest diversity experiment. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Klein AM, Boreux V, Fornoff F, Mupepele AC, Pufal G. Relevance of wild and managed bees for human well-being. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2018; 26:82-88. [PMID: 29764666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wild and managed bees provide pollination services to both crops and wild plants, and a variety of other services from which humans benefit. We summarize the most important and recent findings on bees as providers of provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services. With comprehensive literature searches, we first identified ten important bee species for global pollination of crops, which include wild and managed honey bees, bumble bees, orchard-, cucumber- and longhorn bees. We second summarized bee-dependent ecosystem services to show how bees substantially contribute to food security, medical resources, soil formation or spiritual practices, highlighting their wide range of benefits for human well-being and to identify future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Virginie Boreux
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Christine Mupepele
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Schuldt A, Fornoff F, Bruelheide H, Klein AM, Staab M. Tree species richness attenuates the positive relationship between mutualistic ant-hemipteran interactions and leaf chewer herbivory. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1489. [PMID: 28878067 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions across trophic levels influence plant diversity effects on ecosystem functions, but the complexity of these interactions remains poorly explored. For example, the interplay between different interactions (e.g. mutualism, predation) might be an important moderator of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. We tested for relationships between trophobioses (facultative ant-hemipteran mutualism) and leaf chewer herbivory in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment. We analysed trophobiosis and herbivory data of more than 10 000 trees along a tree species richness gradient. Against expectations, chewing damage was higher on trees with trophobioses. However, the net positive relationship between trophobioses and overall herbivory depended on tree species richness, being most pronounced at low richness. Our results point to indirect, positive effects of ant-tended sap suckers on leaf chewers, potentially by altering plant defences. Direct antagonistic relationships of trophobiotic ants and leaf-chewing herbivores-frequently reported to drive community-wide effects of trophobioses in other ecosystems-seemed less relevant. However, antagonistic interactions likely contributed to the attenuating effect of tree species richness, because trophobiotic ant and herbivore communities changed from monocultures to species-rich mixtures. Our findings, therefore, suggest that biodiversity loss might lead to complex changes in higher trophic level effects on ecosystem functions, mediated by both trophic and non-trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany .,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Staab M, Fornoff F, Klein AM, Blüthgen N. Ants at Plant Wounds: A Little-Known Trophic Interaction with Evolutionary Implications for Ant-Plant Interactions. Am Nat 2017; 190:442-450. [PMID: 28829637 DOI: 10.1086/692735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) allow plants to engage in mutualisms with ants, preventing herbivory in exchange for food. EFNs occur scattered throughout the plant phylogeny and likely evolved independent from herbivore-created wounds subsequently visited by ants collecting leaked sap. Records of wound-feeding ants are, however, anecdotal. By surveying 38,000 trees from 40 species, we conducted the first quantitative ecological study of this overlooked behavior. Ant-wound interactions were widespread (0.5% of tree individuals) and occurred on 23 tree species. Interaction networks were opportunistic, closely resembling ant-EFN networks. Fagaceae, a family lacking EFNs, was strongly overrepresented. For Fagaceae, ant occurrence at wounds correlated with species-level leaf damage, potentially indicating that wounds may attract mutualistic ants, which supports the hypothesis of ant-tended wounds as precursors of ant-EFN mutualisms. Given that herbivore wounds are common, wound sap as a steadily available food source might further help to explain the overwhelming abundance of ants in (sub)tropical forest canopies.
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Fornoff F, Klein AM, Hartig F, Benadi G, Venjakob C, Schaefer HM, Ebeling A. Functional flower traits and their diversity drive pollinator visitation. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fornoff
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology; Univ. of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology; Univ. of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Florian Hartig
- Faculty of Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, Theoretical Ecology; Univ. of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, and: Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Gita Benadi
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Christine Venjakob
- Inst. of Ecology, Ecosystem Functions, Leuphana Univ. of Lüneburg; Lüneburg Germany
| | - H. Martin Schaefer
- Inst. of Biology I, Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Freiburg; Germany
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Fornoff F, Rebhan D, Messroghli L, Zangos S, Louwen F. Frankfurt Placenta Percreta Procedure (FPPP) bei Plazena praevia et percreta mit Beckenwand- und Mesenteriuminfiltration nach Sectio und Asherman-Syndrom. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Neuhoff A, Fornoff F, Louwen F. Zusammenhang von präpartalem HbA1c, BMI und peripartalem Outcome. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hürter H, Gfrörer S, Wittekindt B, Fornoff F, Louwen F. Erfolgreiches interdisziplinäres Management eines soliden fetalen Steißbeinteratoms Typ II mit kardialer Dekompensation und generalisiertem Hydrops fetalis in der 30. SSW. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kiene P, Fornoff F, Louwen F. Ductus arteriosus Aneurysma (DAA) – imposanter Befund mit Spontanheilung. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Oddo-Sommerfeld S, Schermelleh-Engel K, Schulze S, Bodniece L, Fornoff F, Allert R, Louwen F. Leiden Mütter mit (drohender) Frühgeburt vor allem unter Angst, Depression und/oder Stress? Prospektiver Längsschnitt über 4 Messzeitpunkte. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rothhaupt KO, Fornoff F, Yohannes E. Induced responses to grazing by an insect herbivore (Acentria ephemerella) in an immature macrophyte (Myriophyllum spicatum): an isotopic study. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3657-65. [PMID: 26380694 PMCID: PMC4567869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mechanisms by which adult terrestrial plants deploy constitutive and induced responses to grazing pressure are well known, the means by which young aquatic plants defend themselves from herbivory are little studied. This study addresses nitrogen transport in the aquatic angiosperm Myriophyllum spicatum in response to herbivore exposure. Nitrogen tracers were used to monitor nitrogen uptake and reallocation in young plants in response to grazing by the generalist insect herbivore Acentria ephemerella. Total nitrogen content (N%) and patterns of nitrogen uptake and allocation (δ15N) were assessed in various plant tissues after 24 and 48 h. Following 24 h exposure to herbivore damage (Experiment 1), nitrogen content of plant apices was significantly elevated. This rapid early reaction may be an adaptation allowing the grazer to be sated as fast as possible, or indicate the accumulation of nitrogenous defense chemicals. After 48 h (Experiment 2), plants' tips showed depletion in nitrogen levels of ca. 60‰ in stem sections vulnerable to grazing. In addition, nitrogen uptake by grazed and grazing-prone upper plant parts was reduced and nutrient allocation into the relatively secure lower parts increased. The results point to three conclusions: (1) exposure to an insect herbivore induces a similar response in immature M. spicatum as previously observed in mature terrestrial species, namely a rapid (within 48 h) reduction in the nutritional value (N%) of vulnerable tissues, (2) high grazing intensity (100% of growing tips affected) did not limit the ability of young plants to induce resistance; and (3) young plants exposed to herbivory exhibit different patterns of nutrient allocation in vulnerable and secure tissues. These results provide evidence of induced defense and resource reallocation in immature aquatic macrophytes which is in line with the responses shown for mature aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Otto Rothhaupt
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz Mainaustrasse 252, D-78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Felix Fornoff
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz Mainaustrasse 252, D-78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Yohannes
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz Mainaustrasse 252, D-78464, Konstanz, Germany
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Kiene P, Grüßner S, Fornoff F, Kämpf AK, Louwen F. Fetale Ovarialzyste – Diagnose und mögliche Therapieoptionen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kiene P, Grüßner S, Kämpf AK, Fornoff F, Louwen F. Prolongation der Schwangerschaft und damit Risikoreduktion für Frühgeburtskomplikationen durch operative Therapie in graviditate bei Uterus myomatosus. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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25
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Kämpf AK, Kiene P, Grüßner S, Fornoff F, Raich M, Hürter H, Louwen F. Hochrisiko-Schwangerschaft nach Eizellspende? Prognostische Faktoren zur Risikoabschätzung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Fornoff F, Oddo S, Rackur AK, Rütschle C, Haug S, Schmerelleh-Engel K, Louwen F. „Ist ja noch mal gut gegangen!“ – Oder? Maternale Stressbelastung und Hormonlevel nach drohender Frühgeburt aber zeitgerechter Entbindung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Fornoff F, Gross EM. Induced defense mechanisms in an aquatic angiosperm to insect herbivory. Oecologia 2014; 175:173-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Oddo S, Schermelleh-Engel K, Schalk C, Striegler S, Rackur AK, Rütschle C, Kaufer K, Fornoff F, Kämpf AK, Raich MM, Ernst T, Louwen F. Psychische Auswirkungen der drohenden Frühgeburt im Langzeitverlauf: Stress, psychische Symptome und Erschöpfung unter Berücksichtigung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ackermann R, Semmler A, Maurer GD, Hattingen E, Fornoff F, Steinbach JP, Linnebank M. Methotrexate-induced myelopathy responsive to substitution of multiple folate metabolites. J Neurooncol 2009; 97:425-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-0028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bang ML, Centner T, Fornoff F, Geach AJ, Gotthardt M, McNabb M, Witt CC, Labeit D, Gregorio CC, Granzier H, Labeit S. The complete gene sequence of titin, expression of an unusual approximately 700-kDa titin isoform, and its interaction with obscurin identify a novel Z-line to I-band linking system. Circ Res 2001; 89:1065-72. [PMID: 11717165 DOI: 10.1161/hh2301.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titin is a giant vertebrate striated muscle protein with critical importance for myofibril elasticity and structural integrity. We show here that the complete sequence of the human titin gene contains 363 exons, which together code for 38 138 residues (4200 kDa). In its central I-band region, 47 novel PEVK exons were found, which contribute to titin's extensible spring properties. Additionally, 3 unique I-band titin exons were identified (named novex-1 to -3). Novex-3 functions as an alternative titin C-terminus. The novex-3 titin isoform is approximately 700 kDa in size and spans from Z1-Z2 (titin's N-terminus) to novex-3 (C-terminal exon). Novex-3 titin specifically interacts with obscurin, a 721-kDa myofibrillar protein composed of 57 Ig/FN3 domains, followed by one IQ, SH3, DH, and a PH domain at its C-terminus. The obscurin domains Ig48/Ig49 bind to novex-3 titin and target to the Z-line region when expressed as a GFP fusion protein in live cardiac myocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy detected the C-terminal Ig48/Ig49 obscurin epitope near the Z-line edge. The distance from the Z-line varied with sarcomere length, suggesting that the novex-3 titin/obscurin complex forms an elastic Z-disc to I-band linking system. This system could link together calcium-dependent, SH3-, and GTPase-regulated signaling pathways in close proximity to the Z-disc, a structure increasingly implicated in the restructuring of sarcomeres during cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bang
- Institut für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Germany
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