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Ami D, Santambrogio C, Vertemara J, Bovio F, Santisteban-Veiga A, Sabín J, Zampella G, Grandori R, Cipolla L, Natalello A. The Landscape of Osteocalcin Proteoforms Reveals Distinct Structural and Functional Roles of Its Carboxylation Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39348444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Human osteocalcin (OC) undergoes reversible, vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation at three glutamic acid residues, modulating its release from bones and its hormonal roles. A complete understanding of OC roles and structure-activity relationships is still lacking, as only uncarboxylated and few differently carboxylated variants have been considered so far. To fill this lack of knowledge, a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation of the structural properties and calcium-binding activity of all the OC variants is reported here. Such a comparative study indicates that the carboxylation sites are not equivalent and differently affect the OC structure and interaction with calcium, properties that are relevant for the modulation of OC functions. This study also discloses cooperative effects and provides structural and mechanistic interpretation. The disclosed peculiar features of each carboxylated proteoform strongly suggest that considering all eight possible OC variants in future studies may help rationalize some of the conflicting hypotheses observed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Federica Bovio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Andrea Santisteban-Veiga
- AFFINImeter Scientific & Development team, Software 4 Science Developments, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Applied Physics Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Juan Sabín
- AFFINImeter Scientific & Development team, Software 4 Science Developments, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Applied Physics Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Simulations, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milan 20126, Italy
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Komori T. Regulation of Skeletal Development and Maintenance by Runx2 and Sp7. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10102. [PMID: 39337587 PMCID: PMC11432631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Runx2 (runt related transcription factor 2) and Sp7 (Sp7 transcription factor 7) are crucial transcription factors for bone development. The cotranscription factor Cbfb (core binding factor beta), which enhances the DNA-binding capacity of Runx2 and stabilizes the Runx2 protein, is necessary for bone development. Runx2 is essential for chondrocyte maturation, and Sp7 is partly involved. Runx2 induces the commitment of multipotent mesenchymal cells to osteoblast lineage cells and enhances the proliferation of osteoprogenitors. Reciprocal regulation between Runx2 and the Hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), Wnt, and parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) signaling pathways and Dlx5 (distal-less homeobox 5) plays an important role in these processes. The induction of Fgfr2 (Fgf receptor 2) and Fgfr3 expression by Runx2 is important for the proliferation of osteoblast lineage cells. Runx2 induces Sp7 expression, and Runx2+ osteoprogenitors become Runx2+Sp7+ preosteoblasts. Sp7 induces the differentiation of preosteoblasts into osteoblasts without enhancing their proliferation. In osteoblasts, Runx2 is required for bone formation by inducing the expression of major bone matrix protein genes, including Col1a1 (collagen type I alpha 1), Col1a2, Spp1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), Ibsp (integrin binding sialoprotein), and Bglap (bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein)/Bglap2. Bglap/Bglap2 (osteocalcin) regulates the alignment of apatite crystals parallel to collagen fibrils but does not function as a hormone that regulates glucose metabolism, testosterone synthesis, and muscle mass. Sp7 is also involved in Co1a1 expression and regulates osteoblast/osteocyte process formation, which is necessary for the survival of osteocytes and the prevention of cortical porosity. SP7 mutations cause osteogenesis imperfecta in rare cases. Runx2 is an important pathogenic factor, while Runx1, Runx3, and Cbfb are protective factors in osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Molecular Tumor Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Kawahara T. Prediabetes and insulin resistance: effect of vitamin D. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024:00075197-990000000-00173. [PMID: 39302318 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The impact of vitamin D on improving insulin resistance in prediabetes remains controversial. The purpose of this review is to examine whether vitamin D supplementation improves insulin resistance in adults with prediabetes, and if so, to identify the mechanisms and the specific populations. RECENT FINDINGS Global prevalence of prediabetes is increasing, and prevention is a critical issue because these people with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes soon, which will put pressure on healthcare costs. Recent evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D administration in improving insulin resistance and preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes has been accumulating. The 2024 updated clinical practice guideline of the American Diabetes Association states that vitamin D administration to patients with prediabetes potentially benefits type 2 diabetes incidence in specific populations. There are also reports that vitamin D administration improves insulin resistance via increased serum osteocalcin levels, a marker of bone turnover. SUMMARY Vitamin D is likely to improve insulin resistance, which is already present at the time of prediabetes. However, the effectiveness may vary depending on ethnic differences and blood vitamin D levels at the start of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawahara
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Internal Medicine, Shinkomonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
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McGarry S, Kover K, De Luca F. Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Expressed in Osteoblasts Mediates the Anti-Proliferative Effects of High Glucose and Modulates the Expression of Osteocalcin. J Bone Metab 2024; 31:209-218. [PMID: 39307521 PMCID: PMC11416880 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2024.31.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is associated with impaired bone health in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although a direct detrimental effect of hyperglycemia on the bone has been previously reported, the specific molecular mediator(s) responsible for the inhibitory effect of high glucose levels on the bone remains unclear. We hypothesized that thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), an essential mediator of oxidative stress, is such a mediator. METHODS We cultured MG-63 cells (immortalized human osteoblasts) with normal or high glucose concentrations and transfected them with scrambled or Txnip-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS High glucose levels increased Txnip expression and reduced MG-63 cell proliferation. The high-glucose level mediated reduction in cell proliferation was prevented in Txnip siRNA-transfected cells. In addition, we demonstrated that silencing Txnip mRNA expression in osteoblasts reduced the expression of the osteocalcin gene. Our results suggest that high glucose levels or silencing of Txnip mRNA expression may induce apoptosis in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Txnip is an intracellular mediator of the anti-proliferative effects of extracellular high glucose levels on osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McGarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO,
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City-School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO,
USA
| | - Karen Kover
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO,
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City-School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO,
USA
| | - Francesco De Luca
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO,
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City-School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO,
USA
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5
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Liu YF, Tian Y, Chen XF, Zhang C, Huang L. Role of osteokines in atherosclerosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4107. [PMID: 39154288 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite their diverse physiologies and roles, the heart, skeletal muscles, and smooth muscles all derive from a common embryonic source as bones. Moreover, bone tissue, skeletal and smooth muscles, and the heart share conserved signaling pathways. The maintenance of skeletal health is precisely regulated by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts through coordinated secretion of bone-derived factors known as osteokines. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of osteokines in regulating atherosclerotic vascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to examine the evidence for the role of osteokines in atherosclerosis development and progression comprehensively. Specifically discussed are extensively studied osteokines in atherosclerosis such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of exercise on modulating these key regulators derived from bone tissue metabolism. We believe that gaining an enhanced understanding of how osteocalcin contributes to the process of atherosclerosis will enable us to develop targeted and comprehensive therapeutic strategies against diseases associated with its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Liu Z, Liu M, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Bu X. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5720-5739. [PMID: 38824621 PMCID: PMC11350061 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo‐Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical NeuroscienceDaping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain DiseasesChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ming‐Han Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of OrthopaedicsDaping Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan‐Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical NeuroscienceDaping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain DiseasesChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Brain and IntelligenceThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xian‐Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical NeuroscienceDaping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain DiseasesChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Institute of Brain and IntelligenceThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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7
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Valenzise M, Bombaci B, Lombardo F, Passanisi S, Lombardo C, Lugarà C, D'Amico F, Grasso L, Aguennouz M, Catalano A, Salzano G. Association between osteocalcin and residual β-cell function in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: a pivotal study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02414-2. [PMID: 38965181 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This pivotal study aimed to evaluate circulating levels of bone remodeling markers in children and adolescents at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Additionally, we assessed their correlation with glucose control, residual β-cell function, and the severity of presentation. METHODS In this single-center cross-sectional study, we recruited children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D at our tertiary-care Diabetes Centre. Anamnestic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data at T1D diagnosis were collected. Basal and stimulated C-peptide levels were assessed, along with the following bone remodeling biomarkers: osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathormone (PTH), 25-OH Vitamin D (25OH-D), and the C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX). RESULTS We enrolled 29 individuals newly diagnosed with T1D, with a slight male prevalence (51.7%). The mean age was 8.4 ± 3.7 years. A positive correlation between OC and stimulated C-peptide (R = 0.538; p = 0.026) and between PTH and serum HCO3- (R = 0.544; p = 0.025) was found. No other correlations between bone remodeling biomarkers and clinical variables were detected. CONCLUSION Our data showed a positive correlation between OC levels and residual β-cell function in children and adolescents at T1D presentation. Further longitudinal studies evaluating OC levels in pediatric subjects with T1D are needed to better understand the complex interaction between bone and glucose metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - B Bombaci
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Passanisi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Lugarà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Grasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Salzano
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Szeliga A, Grymowicz M, Kostrzak A, Smolarczyk R, Bala G, Smolarczyk K, Meczekalski B, Suchta K. Bone: A Neglected Endocrine Organ? J Clin Med 2024; 13:3889. [PMID: 38999458 PMCID: PMC11242793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been viewed in the context of its structural contribution to the human body. Foremost providing necessary support for mobility, its roles in supporting calcium homeostasis and blood cell production are often afterthoughts. Recent research has further shed light on the ever-multifaceted role of bone and its importance not only for structure, but also as a complex endocrine organ producing hormones responsible for the autoregulation of bone metabolism. Osteocalcin is one of the most important substances produced in bone tissue. Osteocalcin in circulation increases insulin secretion and sensitivity, lowers blood glucose, and decreases visceral adipose tissue. In males, it has also been shown to enhance testosterone production by the testes. Neuropeptide Y is produced by various cell types including osteocytes and osteoblasts, and there is evidence suggesting that peripheral NPY is important for regulation of bone formation. Hormonal disorders are often associated with abnormal levels of bone turnover markers. These include commonly used bone formation markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and procollagen I N-propeptide) and commonly used resorption markers (serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen, urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b). Bone, however, is not exclusively comprised of osseous tissue. Bone marrow adipose tissue, an endocrine organ often compared to visceral adipose tissue, is found between trabecula in the bone cortex. It secretes a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines, and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Grymowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kostrzak
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gregory Bala
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Suchta
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
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Sasimontonkul S, Sirivarasai J. The 40-min HIIT acutely induced bone formation which was likely through the increases in muscle derived interleukin 6 and adiponectin activation: The 16 weeks of HIIT intervention, longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Bone 2024; 184:117105. [PMID: 38636620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is some controversy regarding cytokines released from adipocytes, particularly adiponectin, leptin, and IL6 that regulate bone remodeling. In addition, IL6 is released from muscle contraction, which might have a distinct role in bone remodeling. Hence, this study investigated whether muscle contraction during a session of 40 min of high intensity interval training (40-min HIIT) and after 16 weeks of HIIT (16-wk HIIT) altered the release of those cytokines and bone remodeling in overweight women. METHODS In total, 22 overweight, premenopausal women were randomly assigned to either the exercise or the control group. The exercise participants engaged in the 40-min HIIT session at 80-90 % of their heart rate reserve (HRR) three times weekly for 16 weeks, while the control participants performed their routine daily activities. Blood was drawn after overnight fasting and immediately after completing the 40-min HIIT sessions to investigate the association of adiponectin, leptin, IL6, CTX, and P1NP through the acute effect of the 40-min HIIT sessions. This process was repeated after the 16-wk intervention program to observe the training effect of HIIT on cytokines linkage. The bone mineral density (BMD) levels of the distal tibia, femur, and lumbar spine were determined prior to and after the 16-wk intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The P1NP level increased by 8.29-20.52 % (95 % CI) and by 2.91-15.54 % after completing the first and last bouts of the 40-min HIIT sessions, respectively. In addition, IL6 increased by 13.39-28.03 % (95 % CI), while serum CTX and adiponectin were unaltered from the acute effect of the 40-min HIIT sessions. There was an association between the increases in P1NP and adiponectin (r = 0.682, p = 0.015); however, the increase in P1NP was mostly associated with the increase in IL6 (r = 0.572, p = 0.054) after completing a 40-min HIIT session. After the 16-wk HIIT program, the resting adiponectin level of the exercise participants increased; however, this was associated with neither bone biomarkers nor BMD. The BMDs of the exercise participants were maintained; however, the tibial BMD of the control participants decreased with an increase in the resting CTX level after 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Muscle contraction during the 40-min HIIT session elevated the IL6 level, which might have subsequently enhanced bone formation. Furthermore, the association between acute changes in adiponectin and P1NP suggested the possibility of an increase in the sensitivity of the adiponectin receptor in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Sasimontonkul
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhu X, Liu H, Mei C, Chen F, Guo M, Wei C, Wang D, Luo M, Hu X, Zhao Y, Hao F, Shi C, Li W. A composite hydrogel loaded with the processed pyritum promotes bone repair via stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213848. [PMID: 38581745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering shows promise in repairing extensive bone defects. The promotion of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by biological scaffolds has a significant impact on bone regeneration outcomes. In this study we used an injectable hydrogel, known as aminated mesoporous silica gel composite hydrogel (MSNs-NH2@GelMA), loaded with a natural drug, processed pyritum (PP), to promote healing of bone defects. The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel were significantly superior to those of the blank hydrogel. In vitro experiments revealed that the composite hydrogel stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and significantly increased the expression of type I collagen (Col 1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN). In vivo experiments showed that the composite hydrogel promoted the generation of new bones. These findings provide evidence that the composite hydrogel pyritum-loaded holds promise as a biomaterial for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Huanjin Liu
- Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chunmei Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fugui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenxu Wei
- Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Meimei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangyu Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Foessl I, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Kague E, Laskou F, Jakob F, Karasik D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Alonso N, Bjørnerem Å, Brandi ML, Busse B, Calado Â, Cebi AH, Christou M, Curran KM, Hald JD, Semeraro MD, Douni E, Duncan EL, Duran I, Formosa MM, Gabet Y, Ghatan S, Gkitakou A, Hassler EM, Högler W, Heino TJ, Hendrickx G, Khashayar P, Kiel DP, Koromani F, Langdahl B, Lopes P, Mäkitie O, Maurizi A, Medina-Gomez C, Ntzani E, Ohlsson C, Prijatelj V, Rabionet R, Reppe S, Rivadeneira F, Roshchupkin G, Sharma N, Søe K, Styrkarsdottir U, Szulc P, Teti A, Tobias J, Valjevac A, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Rietbergen B, Zekic T, Zillikens MC. A perspective on muscle phenotyping in musculoskeletal research. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:478-489. [PMID: 38553405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal research should synergistically investigate bone and muscle to inform approaches for maintaining mobility and to avoid bone fractures. The relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis, integrated in the term 'osteosarcopenia', is underscored by the close association shown between these two conditions in many studies, whereby one entity emerges as a predictor of the other. In a recent workshop of Working Group (WG) 2 of the EU Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 'Genomics of MusculoSkeletal traits Translational Network' (GEMSTONE) consortium (CA18139), muscle characterization was highlighted as being important, but currently under-recognized in the musculoskeletal field. Here, we summarize the opinions of the Consortium and research questions around translational and clinical musculoskeletal research, discussing muscle phenotyping in human experimental research and in two animal models: zebrafish and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Foessl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika Kague
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum für Bewegungsforschung und Lehrstuhl für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation of Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4717. [PMID: 38731934 PMCID: PMC11083221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult bones are continuously remodeled by the balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and subsequent bone formation by osteoblasts. Many studies have provided molecular evidence that bone remodeling is under the control of circadian rhythms. Circadian fluctuations have been reported in the serum and urine levels of bone turnover markers, such as digested collagen fragments and bone alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, the expressions of over a quarter of all transcripts in bones show circadian rhythmicity, including the genes encoding master transcription factors for osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin also display circadian rhythmicity. Finally, osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific knockout mice targeting the core circadian regulator gene Bmal1 show disrupted bone remodeling, although the results have not always been consistent. Despite these studies, however, establishing a direct link between circadian rhythms and bone remodeling in vivo remains a major challenge. It is nearly impossible to repeatedly collect bone materials from human subjects while following circadian changes. In addition, the differences in circadian gene regulation between diurnal humans and nocturnal mice, the main model organism, remain unclear. Filling the knowledge gap in the circadian regulation of bone remodeling could reveal novel regulatory mechanisms underlying many bone disorders including osteoporosis, genetic diseases, and fracture healing. This is also an important question for the basic understanding of how cell differentiation progresses under the influence of cyclically fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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13
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Zeng J, Qian Y, Yang J, Chen X, Fu C, Che Z, Feng Y, Yin J. Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28229. [PMID: 38689978 PMCID: PMC11059410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, osteoporosis-related fractures become the most cutting-edge problem of diabetes-related complications. Rational diet is not only the basis of glycemic management in type 2 diabetes patients, but also the direction of diabetic bone health. This review highlights the importance of micronutrient supplementation (including calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C) for patients with T2DM, as well as describing the constructive intermediary role of gut flora between T2DM and bone through nutrients predominantly high in dietary fiber. In addition, it is recommended to combine the Mediterranean dietary pattern with other diversified management approaches to prevent OP. Therefore, this provides a theoretical basis for the potential role of islet β-cells in promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jizhuo Yang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinqiang Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuanwen Fu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhuohang Che
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, 678000, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratary of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming, 650500, China
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14
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Díaz-Goñi V, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Meseguer-Henarejos AB, Torres-Costoso A. Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:876. [PMID: 38542787 PMCID: PMC10974430 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María José Guzmán-Pavón
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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Zhang YY, Xie N, Sun XD, Nice EC, Liou YC, Huang C, Zhu H, Shen Z. Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38368422 PMCID: PMC10874461 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis, with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Specifically, females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis, while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease. To date, sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone cells. Understanding the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and men. This literature review focuses on the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis, mainly in a population of aging patients, chronic glucocorticoid administration, and diabetes. Moreover, we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and men. Additionally, the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 315040, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang H, Ma Y. The Potential of Vitamin K as a Regulatory Factor of Bone Metabolism-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4935. [PMID: 38068793 PMCID: PMC10708186 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK), a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the clotting of blood because of its role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Moreover, researchers continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel bioactive molecule with the potential function of improving bone health. This review focuses on the effects of VK on bone health and related mechanisms, covering VK research history, homologous analogs, dietary sources, bioavailability, recommended intake, and deficiency. The information summarized here could contribute to the basic and clinical research on VK as a natural dietary additive and drug candidate for bone health. Future research is needed to extend the dietary VK database and explore the pharmacological safety of VK and factors affecting VK bioavailability to provide more support for the bone health benefits of VK through more clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nongkenan Road No. 40, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongxi Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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