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Lu Y, Wen Y, Feng S, Huang W. Microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate: a case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:95. [PMID: 38982505 PMCID: PMC11232280 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a new type of salivary gland neoplasm identified in the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumour (Skalova et al., Head Neck Pathol 16:40-53, 2022) and is characterized by a unique set of histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features and a recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion. MSA was initially misdiagnosed as another salivary gland tumour due to its similar morphology; until recently, only fewer than 50 cases were reported. We present a case of MSA of the hard palate with diverse architectural growth patterns, bland cytological features, abundant basophilic intraluminal secretions and fibromyxoid stroma. The tumour cells were positive for the SOX10, S100, and p63 protein and negative for the p40 protein according to immunohistochemistry. SS18 gene rearrangement was demonstrated via break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also provided a comprehensive literature review and integrated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and molecular alterations of the disease. A comprehensive understanding of MSA enables us to accurately distinguish and categorize MSA from other salivary gland tumours with analogous morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yanlin Wen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Sha Feng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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2
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Knott EP, Kim EY, Kim EQ, Freire R, Medina JA, Wang Y, Chen CB, Wu C, Wangpaichitr M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Lim DC. Orthotopic Models Using New, Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines Simulate Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:1120. [PMID: 38994972 PMCID: PMC11240577 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding tumor-host immune interactions and the mechanisms of lung cancer response to immunotherapy is crucial. Current preclinical models used to study this often fall short of capturing the complexities of human lung cancer and lead to inconclusive results. To bridge the gap, we introduce two new murine monoclonal lung cancer cell lines for use in immunocompetent orthotopic models. We demonstrate how our cell lines exhibit immunohistochemical protein expression (TTF-1, NapA, PD-L1) and common driver mutations (KRAS, p53, and p110α) seen in human lung adenocarcinoma patients, and how our orthotopic models respond to combination immunotherapy in vivo in a way that closely mirrors current clinical outcomes. These new lung adenocarcinoma cell lines provide an invaluable, clinically relevant platform for investigating the intricate dynamics between tumor and the immune system, and thus potentially contributes to a deeper understanding of immunotherapeutic approaches to lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Knott
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Emily Y. Kim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Edison Q. Kim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Rochelle Freire
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Justin A. Medina
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (Y.W.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Cheng-Bang Chen
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (Y.W.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Diane C. Lim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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Kim U, Debnath R, Maiz JE, Rico J, Sinha S, Blanco MA, Chakrabarti R. ΔNp63 regulates MDSC survival and metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109366. [PMID: 38510127 PMCID: PMC10951988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributes greatly to mortality of breast cancer, demanding new targetable options. We have shown that TNBC patients have high ΔNp63 expression in tumors. However, the function of ΔNp63 in established TNBC is yet to be explored. In current studies, targeting ΔNp63 with inducible CRISPR knockout and Histone deacetylase inhibitor Quisinostat showed that ΔNp63 is important for tumor progression and metastasis in established tumors by promoting myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) survival through tumor necrosis factor alpha. Decreasing ΔNp63 levels are associated with decreased CD4+ and FOXP3+ T-cells but increased CD8+ T-cells. RNA sequencing analysis indicates that loss of ΔNp63 alters multiple MDSC properties such as lipid metabolism, chemotaxis, migration, and neutrophil degranulation besides survival. We further demonstrated that targeting ΔNp63 sensitizes chemotherapy. Overall, we showed that ΔNp63 reprograms the MDSC-mediated immunosuppressive functions in TNBC, highlighting the benefit of targeting ΔNp63 in chemotherapy-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Javier E. Maiz
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua Rico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mario Andrés Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Fan Y, Chen S, Chu C, Yin X, Jin J, Zhang L, Yan H, Cao Z, Liu R, Xin M, Li L, Yin C. TP63 truncating mutation causes increased cell apoptosis and premature ovarian insufficiency by enhanced transcriptional activation of CLCA2. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:67. [PMID: 38528613 PMCID: PMC10962206 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a severe disorder leading to female infertility. Genetic mutations are important factors causing POI. TP63-truncating mutation has been reported to cause POI by increasing germ cell apoptosis, however what factors mediate this apoptosis remains unclear. METHODS Ninety-three patients with POI were recruited from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for each patient. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm potential causative genetic variants. A minigene assay was performed to determine splicing effects of TP63 variants. A TP63-truncating plasmid was constructed. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot analyses, dual luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence staining, and cell apoptosis assays were used to study the underlying mechanism of a TP63-truncating mutation causing POI. RESULTS By WES of 93 sporadic patients with POI, we found a 14-bp deletion covering the splice site in the TP63 gene. A minigene assay demonstrated that the 14-bp deletion variant led to exon 13 skipping during TP63 mRNA splicing, resulting in the generation of a truncated TP63 protein (TP63-mut). Overexpression of TP63-mut accelerated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the TP63-mut protein could bind to the promoter region of CLCA2 and activate the transcription of CLCA2 several times compared to that of the TP63 wild-type protein. Silencing CLCA2 using a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or inhibiting the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) pathway using the KU55933 inhibitor attenuated cell apoptosis caused by TP63-mut protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a crucial role for CLCA2 in mediating apoptosis in POI pathogenesis, and suggested that CLCA2 is a potential therapeutic target for POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Fan
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Chunfang Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xiaodan Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huihui Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Mingwei Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100006, China.
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Zhang X, Shi W, Wang X, Zou Y, Xiang W, Lu N. Evaluation of the Composite Skin Patch Loaded with Bioactive Functional Factors Derived from Multicellular Spheres of EMSCs for Regeneration of Full-thickness Skin Defects in Rats. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1142-1152. [PMID: 37694794 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x19666230908142426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of stem cells/scaffold is an efficient approach for treating tissue injury including full-thickness skin defects. However, the application of stem cells is limited by preservation issues, ethical restriction, low viability, and immune rejection in vivo. The mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium is abundant in bioactive functional factors, making it a viable alternative to living cells in regeneration medicine. METHODS Nasal mucosa-derived ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) of rats were identified and grown in suspension sphere-forming 3D culture. The EMSCs-conditioned medium (EMSCs-CM) was collected, lyophilized, and analyzed for its bioactive components. Next, fibrinogen and chitosan were further mixed and cross-linked with the lyophilized powder to obtain functional skin patches. Their capacity to gradually release bioactive substances and biocompatibility with epidermal cells were assessed in vitro. Finally, a full-thickness skin defect model was established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the skin patch. RESULTS The EMSCs-CM contains abundant bioactive proteins including VEGF, KGF, EGF, bFGF, SHH, IL-10, and fibronectin. The bioactive functional composite skin patch containing EMSCs-CM lyophilized powder showed the network-like microstructure could continuously release the bioactive proteins, and possessed ideal biocompatibility with rat epidermal cells in vitro. Transplantation of the composite skin patch could expedite the healing of the full-thickness skin defect by promoting endogenous epidermal stem cell proliferation and skin appendage regeneration in rats. CONCLUSION In summary, the bioactive functional composite skin patch containing EMSCs-CM lyophilized powder can effectively accelerate skin repair, which has promising application prospects in the treatment of skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wentao Shi
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yin Zou
- The Affiliated Children Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wen Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naiyan Lu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Li Y, Giovannini S, Wang T, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Candi E, Melino G, Bernassola F. p63: a crucial player in epithelial stemness regulation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3371-3384. [PMID: 37848625 PMCID: PMC10638092 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue homeostasis is closely associated with the self-renewal and differentiation behaviors of epithelial stem cells (ESCs). p63, a well-known marker of ESCs, is an indispensable factor for their biological activities during epithelial development. The diversity of p63 isoforms expressed in distinct tissues allows this transcription factor to have a wide array of effects. p63 coordinates the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, stem cell self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through the regulation of these biological processes, p63 contributes to, not only normal epithelial development, but also epithelium-derived cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of p63 in epithelial stemness regulation, including self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. We describe the differential expression of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and their distinct functional activities in normal epithelial tissues and in epithelium-derived tumors. Furthermore, we summarize the signaling cascades modulating the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms as well as their downstream pathways in stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Gao J, Ding L, Xin Y, Li Y, He K, Su M, Hu R. Pax6-induced proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into limbal epithelial stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2023. [PMID: 37097204 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal integrity, transparency, and visual acuity are maintained by corneal epithelial cells (CECs), which are continuously renewed by limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). The limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is associated with ocular diseases. This study aimed to develop a novel method to differentiate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into LESC-like cells using a culture medium and paired box 6 (Pax6) transfection. The LESC-like cells were confirmed using the LESC markers CK14 and p63 and CEC marker CK12. Pax6 induces BM-MSCs to differentiate into LESC-like cells in vitro. Mouse models of chemical corneal burn were obtained and treated with the LESC-like cells. The transplantation experiment indicated that Pax6-reprogramed BM-MSCs attached to and replenished the damaged cornea via the formation of stratified corneal epithelium. The proliferation and colony formation abilities of Pax6-overexpressing BM-MSCs were significantly enhanced. These findings provide evidence that BM-MSCs might serve as an excellent candidate for generating bioengineered corneal epithelium and provide a new strategy for the treatment of clinical corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Ling Ding
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Ying Xin
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Yuandi Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Keke He
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Min Su
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, China, 550004;
| | - Rong Hu
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
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Radak M, Ghamari N, Fallahi H. Common factors among three types of cells aged in mice. Biogerontology 2023; 24:363-375. [PMID: 37081236 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for the formation of numerous significant chronic disorders is aging. Understanding the core molecular underpinnings of aging can help to slow down the inevitable process. Systematic study of gene expression or DNA methylation data is possible at the transcriptomics and epigenetics levels. DNA methylation and gene expression are both affected by aging. Gene expression is an important element in the aging of Homo sapiens. In this work, we evaluated the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), proteins, and transcription factors (TFs) in three different types of cells in mice: antibody-secreting cells, cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells, and skeletal muscle cells. The goal of this article is to uncover a common cause during aging among these cells in order to increase understanding about establishing complete techniques for preventing aging and improving people's quality of life. We conducted a comprehensive network-based investigation to establish which genes and proteins are shared by the three different types of aged cells. Our findings clearly indicated that aging induces gene dysregulation in immune, pharmacological, and apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, our research developed a list of hub genes with differential expression in aging responses that should be investigated further to discover viable anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Radak
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Baq-e-Abrisham, 6714967346, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nakisa Ghamari
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Baq-e-Abrisham, 6714967346, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Baq-e-Abrisham, 6714967346, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Cao WS, Zhao MJ, Chen Y, Zhu JY, Xie CF, Li XT, Geng SS, Zhong CY, Fu JY, Wu JS. Low-dose phthalates promote breast cancer stem cell properties via the oncogene ΔNp63α and the Sonic hedgehog pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114605. [PMID: 36753971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omnipresence of human phthalate (PAE) exposure is linked to various adverse health issues, including breast cancer. However, the effects of low-dose PAE exposure on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and the underlying mechanism remain unexplored. METHODS BCSCs from breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were enriched using a tumorsphere formation assay. Gene and protein expression was detected by measurement of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Transient transfection assays were used to evaluate the involvement of Gli1, a signaling pathway molecule and ΔNp63α, an oncogene in influencing the PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs. RESULTS PAE (butylbenzyl phthalate, BBP; di-butyl phthalate, DBP; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP) exposure of 10-9 M significantly promoted the tumorsphere formation ability in BCSCs. Breast cancer spheroids with a 10-9 M PAE exposure had higher levels of BCSC marker mRNA and protein expression, activated sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, and increased mRNA and protein levels of an oncogene, ΔNp63α. Furthermore, suppression of the SHH pathway attenuated the effects of PAEs on BCSCs. And the overexpression of ΔNp63α enhanced PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs, while low expression of ΔNp63α inhibited the promotion effects of PAEs on BCSCs and the SHH pathway. CONCLUSION Low-dose PAE exposure promoted the stem cell properties of BCSCs in a ΔNp63α- and SHH-dependent manner. The influence of low-dose exposure of PAEs and its relevance for the lowest observed effect concentrations requires further investigation, and the precise underlying mechanism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Feng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shan-Shan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin-Yan Fu
- Department of Nutrition, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jie-Shu Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Huang C, Zhao S, Yang Y, Guo T, Ke H, Mi X, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Zhao S. TP63 gain-of-function mutations cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing oocyte apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162315. [PMID: 36856110 PMCID: PMC9974095 DOI: 10.1172/jci162315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 guards genome integrity in the female germline, and its mutations have been reported in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, the precise contribution of the TP63 gene to the pathogenesis of POI needs to be further determined. Here, in 1,030 Chinese patients with POI, we identified 6 heterozygous mutations of the TP63 gene that impaired the C-terminal transactivation-inhibitory domain (TID) of the TAp63α protein and resulted in tetramer formation and constitutive activation of the mutant proteins. The mutant proteins induced cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of apoptosis-inducing factors in vitro. We next introduced a premature stop codon and selectively deleted the TID of TAp63α in mice and observed rapid depletion of the p63+/ΔTID mouse oocytes through apoptosis after birth. Finally, to further verify the pathogenicity of the mutation p.R647C in the TID that was present in 3 patients, we generated p63+/R647C mice and also found accelerated oocyte loss, but to a lesser degree than in the p63+/ΔTID mice. Together, these findings show that TID-related variants causing constitutive activation of TAp63α lead to POI by inducing oocyte apoptosis, which will facilitate the genetic diagnosis of POI in patients and provide a potential therapeutic target for extending female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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11
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Lu S, Chen Z, Liu Z, Liu Z. Unmasking the biological function and regulatory mechanism of NOC2L: a novel inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase. J Transl Med 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 36650543 PMCID: PMC9844006 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NOC2 like nucleolar associated transcriptional repressor (NOC2L) was recently identified as a novel inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (INHAT). NOC2L is found to have two INHAT function domains and regulates histone acetylation in a histone deacetylases (HDAC) independent manner, which is distinct from other INHATs. In this review, we summarize the biological function of NOC2L in histone acetylation regulation, P53-mediated transcription, ribosome RNA processing, certain development events and carcinogenesis. We propose that NOC2L may be explored as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Lu
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035 China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
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12
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Bamberger C, Pankow S, Yates JR. Nvp63 and nvPIWIL1 Suppress Retrotransposon Activation in the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2586-2595. [PMID: 36195974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors p63 and p73 have high similarity to the tumor suppressor protein p53. While the importance of p53 in DNA damage control is established, the functions of p63 or p73 remain elusive. Here, we analyzed nvp63, the cnidarian homologue of p63, that is expressed in the mesenteries of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and that is activated in response to DNA damage. We used ultraviolet light (UV) to induce DNA damage and determined the chromatin-bound proteome with quantitative, bottom-up proteomics. We found that genotoxic stress or nvp63 knockdown recruited the protein nvPIWIL1, a homologue of the piRNA-binding PIWI protein family. Knockdown nvPIWIL1 increased protein expression from open reading frames (ORFs) that overlap with class I and II transposable element DNA sequences in the genome of N. vectensis. UV irradiation induced apoptosis, and apoptosis was reduced in the absence of nvp63 but increased with the loss of nvPIWIL1. Loss of nvp63 increased the presence of class I LTR and non-LTR retrotransposon but not of class II DNA transposon-associated protein products. These results suggest that an evolutionary early function of nvp63 might be to control genome stability in response to activation of transposable elements, which induce DNA damage during reintegration in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimir Bamberger
- Department for Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 9203 United States
| | - Sandra Pankow
- Department for Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 9203 United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department for Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 9203 United States
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13
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GOF Mutant p53 in Cancers: A Therapeutic Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205091. [PMID: 36291874 PMCID: PMC9600758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In normal cells, p53 is a protein which regulates the cell cycle progression to ensure normal cell division, growth, and development. However, in cancer, changes in the p53 DNA sequence, called genetic mutation, results in the protein either losing its normal function or exhibiting advanced pro-tumorigenic functions that lead to cancer. Importantly, cancers with mutations in the p53 protein often represent ones which are more aggressive and more resistant to chemotherapy. As a result, many studies have and continue to investigate multiple ways to target mutant p53-bearing cancer using targeted therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. Knowledge of these strategies is important in improving the overall therapeutic response of cancers with mutant p53. This review highlights new strategies and discusses the progression of such therapies. Abstract TP53 is mutated in the majority of human cancers. Mutations can lead to loss of p53 expression or expression of mutant versions of the p53 protein. These mutant p53 proteins have oncogenic potential. They can inhibit any remaining WTp53 in a dominant negative manner, or they can acquire new functions that promote tumour growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review we explore some of the mechanisms that make mutant p53 cells resistant to chemotherapy. As mutant p53 tumours are resistant to many traditional chemotherapies, many have sought to explore new ways of targeting mutant p53 tumours and reinstate chemosensitivity. These approaches include targeting of mutant p53 stability, mutant p53 binding partners and downstream pathways, p53 vaccines, restoration of WTp53 function, and WTp53 gene delivery. The current advances and challenges of these strategies are discussed.
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14
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Ghosh P, Campos VJ, Vo DT, Guccione C, Goheen-Holland V, Tindle C, Mazzini GS, He Y, Alexandrov LB, Lippman SM, Gurski RR, Das S, Yadlapati R, Curtius K, Sahoo D. AI-assisted discovery of an ethnicity-influenced driver of cell transformation in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161334. [PMID: 36134663 PMCID: PMC9675486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Barrett's metaplasia of the esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs), drivers of cellular transformation in BE remain incompletely understood. We use an artificial intelligence-guided network approach to study EAC initiation and progression. Key predictions are subsequently validated in a human organoid model, in patient-derived biopsy specimens of BE, a case-control study of genomics of BE progression, and in a cross-sectional study of 113 patients with BE and EACs. Our model classified healthy esophagus from BE and BE from EACs in several publicly available gene expression data sets (n = 932 samples). The model confirmed that all EACs must originate from BE and pinpointed a CXCL8/IL8↔neutrophil immune microenvironment as a driver of cellular transformation in EACs and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. This driver is prominent in White individuals but is notably absent in African Americans (AAs). Network-derived gene signatures, independent signatures of neutrophil processes, CXCL8/IL8 expression, and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) are associated with risk of progression. SNPs associated with changes in ANC by ethnicity (e.g., benign ethnic neutropenia [BEN]) modify that risk. Findings define a racially influenced immunological basis for cell transformation and suggest that BEN in AAs may be a deterrent to BE→EAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Department of Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vinicius J. Campos
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Caitlin Guccione
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vanae Goheen-Holland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
| | - Courtney Tindle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
| | - Guilherme S. Mazzini
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Surgical Scienceas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yudou He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Scott M. Lippman
- Department of Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard R. Gurski
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Surgical Scienceas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical School of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, and
- Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Kit Curtius
- Department of Medicine
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob’s School of Engineering, UCSD, California, La Jolla, USA
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15
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Liang S, Tang X, Ye T, Xiang W. HER2 induces cell scattering and invasion through ∆Np63α and E-cadherin. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:403-412. [PMID: 36073720 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer constitutes approximately 30% of human breast cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. ∆Np63 is considered a metastasis inhibitor involved with cancer progression. This study aimed to clarify the roles and mechanisms of HER2 and ∆Np63 on scattering and invasion of MCF10A cells. Wild-type or mutant HER2 was cloned and transfected into MCF10A cells. Cell counting and transwell assays were applied to unveil the impact of HER2 upregulation and mutation on proliferation, cell scattering, and invasion. Western blotting and cell accounting were used to investigate the roles of ∆Np63 and p27. In vivo lung colonization assay was used to reveal the influences of HER2 and ∆Np63a on tumor metastasis. The results indicated HER2 remarkably enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and scattering. Overexpression of either ΔNp63 or E-cadherin led to attenuated HER2-mediated regulation of cell migration, invasion, and scattering. Furthermore, we confirmed that HER2 enhanced cell proliferation but not migration through p27 and independent ∆Np63a. The results revealed that ∆Np63α contributed to the inhibition of HER2-induced metastasis. Collectively, our findings may further our understanding of the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengqing Ye
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, No. 16, Juxian Avenue, Fuling District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Gao H, Zhou H, Gao Y, He L, Li W, Xu M, Feng H, Feng X, Qiu C. Establishment of a new cell line of canine inflammatory mammary cancer: IMC-118. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:679-687. [PMID: 35429113 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) has long been regarded as an attractive animal model for research into human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), Although some canine mammary tumour cell lines corresponding to human mammary cancer cell lines have been established, there is still a need to supplement the canine mammary tumour cell bank. The goal of this study was to create a new type of IMC cell line. The primary tumour, IMC-118, was identified as IMC by pathology examination. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed negative immunoreactivity to oestrogen receptor (ER), but positive immunoreactivity to progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed that the IMC-118 cell line from this primary tumour was negative for ER but positive for PR and HER-2, and was also positive for epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers. This cell line was cultured stably for more than 50 passages and grew well after cryopreservation. In vivo, tumour masses and metastases in the lungs were discovered after inoculating the IMC-118 cells into the nude mice model. As a result, a novel canine IMC cell line, IMC-118, was effectively established, and could be employed as a promising model for immunotherapy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mechanism of IMC research in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- Nanjing Police Dog Research Institute of the Ministry of the Public Security, Nanjing, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Evaluation of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D Expression as a Diagnostic Marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061332. [PMID: 35741145 PMCID: PMC9221583 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNPD) serves as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated the diagnostic potential of hnRNPD to differentiate between OSCC and normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry for hnRNPD and a routinely used diagnostic marker deltaNp63 (p40) was performed in 32 normal mucosae and 46 OSCC specimens. Subsequently, receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of hnRNPD in comparison to that of p40. Immunostaining for p40 and hnRNPD was observed in 39 (84.78%) and 38 (82.60%) cases, respectively, in OSCC specimens. The poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma displayed 100% (eight cases) immunoreactivity for hnRNPD as compared to 87.5% (seven cases) for p40. Nuclear staining of p40 and hnRNPD was observed in all OSCC specimens. p40 staining was restricted to basal cells, whereas both basal and para-basal cells displayed hnRNPD staining in OSCC specimens. Areas under the curve for p40 and hnRNPD were 0.86 and 0.87, respectively. p40 and hnRNPD showed equal sensitivities (80.95%). However, hnRNPD displayed marginally higher (88.23%) specificity for tumor cells as compared to that of p40 (85.29%). Conclusion: In addition to being a well-established prognostic marker, hnRNPD can serve as a diagnostic marker for OSCC.
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18
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Čížková D, Hudák R, Dosedla E, Findrik-Balogová A, Živčák J. In Vitro Model of Human Trophoblast in Early Placentation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040904. [PMID: 35453654 PMCID: PMC9029210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex process of placental implantation and development affects trophoblast progenitors and uterine cells through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion receptors and their ligands. Differentiation of trophoblast precursors in the trophectoderm of early ontogenesis, caused by the transcription factors, such as CDX2, TEAD4, Eomes and GATA3, leads to the formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast populations. The molecular mechanisms involved in placental formation inside the human body along with the specification and differentiation of trophoblast cell lines are, mostly due to the lack of suitable cell models, not sufficiently elucidated. This review is an evaluation of current technologies, which are used to study the behavior of human trophoblasts and other placental cells, as well as their ability to represent physiological conditions both in vivo and in vitro. An in vitro 3D model with a characteristic phenotype is of great benefit for the study of placental physiology. At the same time, it provides great support for future modeling of placental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-1055-602-2380
| | - Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Daša Čížková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Hudák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Erik Dosedla
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik Univerzity Hospital AGEL Košice-Šaca, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, 04015 Košice-Šaca, Slovakia;
| | - Alena Findrik-Balogová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Jozef Živčák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
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19
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Van Sciver N, Ohashi M, Nawandar DM, Pauly NP, Lee D, Makielski KR, Bristol JA, Tsao SW, Lambert PF, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. ΔNp63α promotes Epstein-Barr virus latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010045. [PMID: 34748616 PMCID: PMC8601603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and contributes to both B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies. EBV-infected epithelial cell tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), are largely composed of latently infected cells, but the mechanism(s) maintaining viral latency are poorly understood. Expression of the EBV BZLF1 (Z) and BRLF1 (R) encoded immediate-early (IE) proteins induces lytic infection, and these IE proteins activate each other's promoters. ΔNp63α (a p53 family member) is required for proliferation and survival of basal epithelial cells and is over-expressed in NPC tumors. Here we show that ΔNp63α promotes EBV latency by inhibiting activation of the BZLF1 IE promoter (Zp). Furthermore, we find that another p63 gene splice variant, TAp63α, which is expressed in some Burkitt and diffuse large B cell lymphomas, also represses EBV lytic reactivation. We demonstrate that ΔNp63α inhibits the Z promoter indirectly by preventing the ability of other transcription factors, including the viral IE R protein and the cellular KLF4 protein, to activate Zp. Mechanistically, we show that ΔNp63α promotes viral latency in undifferentiated epithelial cells both by enhancing expression of a known Zp repressor protein, c-myc, and by decreasing cellular p38 kinase activity. Furthermore, we find that the ability of cis-platinum chemotherapy to degrade ΔNp63α contributes to the lytic-inducing effect of this agent in EBV-infected epithelial cells. Together these findings demonstrate that the loss of ΔNp63α expression, in conjunction with enhanced expression of differentiation-dependent transcription factors such as BLIMP1 and KLF4, induces lytic EBV reactivation during normal epithelial cell differentiation. Conversely, expression of ΔNp63α in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and TAp63α in Burkitt lymphoma promotes EBV latency in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dhananjay M. Nawandar
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Currently at Ring Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Pauly
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Denis Lee
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Makielski
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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20
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Vo DT, Fuller MR, Tindle C, Anandachar MS, Das S, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. SPT6 loss permits the transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into an intestinal fate that resembles Barrett's metaplasia. iScience 2021; 24:103121. [PMID: 34622168 PMCID: PMC8481972 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this phenomenon of transdifferentiation recapitulates Barrett's metaplasia, the only human pathophysiologic condition in which a stratified squamous epithelium that is injured due to chronic acid reflux is trans-committed into an intestinal fate. The evidence we present here not only lend support to the notion that the keratinocytes are potentially the cell of origin of Barrett's metaplasia but also provide mechanistic insights linking transient acid exposure, downregulation of SPT6, stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate TP63, loss of epidermal fate, and metaplastic progression. Because Barrett's metaplasia in the esophagus is a pre-neoplastic condition with no preclinical human models, these findings have a profound impact on the modeling Barrett's metaplasia-in-a-dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella T. Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0703, Leichtag Building 132, La Jolla, CA 92093-0703, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - MacKenzie R. Fuller
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Courtney Tindle
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Mahitha Shree Anandachar
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 256, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 256, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0703, Leichtag Building 132, La Jolla, CA 92093-0703, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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21
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Tissue-specific expression of p73 and p63 isoforms in human tissues. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:745. [PMID: 34315849 PMCID: PMC8316356 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p73 and p63 are members of the p53 family that exhibit overlapping and distinct functions in development and homeostasis. The evaluation of p73 and p63 isoform expression across human tissue can provide greater insight to the functional interactions between family members. We determined the mRNA isoform expression patterns of TP73 and TP63 across a panel of 36 human tissues and protein expression within the highest-expressing tissues. TP73 and TP63 expression significantly correlated across tissues. In tissues with concurrent mRNA expression, nuclear co-expression of both proteins was observed in a majority of cells. Using GTEx data, we quantified p73 and p63 isoform expression in human tissue and identified that the α-isoforms of TP73 and TP63 were the predominant isoform expressed in nearly all tissues. Further, we identified a previously unreported p73 mRNA product encoded by exons 4 to 14. In sum, these data provide the most comprehensive tissue-specific atlas of p73 and p63 protein and mRNA expression patterns in human and murine samples, indicating coordinate expression of these transcription factors in the majority of tissues in which they are expressed.
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22
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Shao C, Lou P, Liu R, Bi X, Li G, Yang X, Sheng X, Xu J, Lv C, Yu Z. Hormone-Responsive BMP Signaling Expands Myoepithelial Cell Lineages and Prevents Alveolar Precocity in Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691050. [PMID: 34336839 PMCID: PMC8320003 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoepithelial and luminal cells synergistically expand in the mammary gland during pregnancy, and this process is precisely governed by hormone-related signaling pathways. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is now known to play crucial roles in all organ systems. However, the functions of BMP signaling in the mammary gland remain unclear. Here, we found that BMPR1a is upregulated by hormone-induced Sp1 at pregnancy. Using a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible BMPR1a conditional knockout mouse model, we demonstrated that loss of BMPR1a in myoepithelium results in compromised myoepithelial integrity, reduced mammary stem cells and precocious alveolar differentiation during pregnancy. Mechanistically, BMPR1a regulates the expression of p63 and Slug, two key regulators of myoepithelial maintenance, through pSmad1/5-Smad4 complexes, and consequently activate P-cadherin during pregnancy. Furthermore, we observed that loss of BMPR1a in myoepithelium results in the upregulation of a secreted protein Spp1 that could account for the precocious alveolar differentiation in luminal layer, suggesting a defective basal-to-luminal paracrine signaling mechanism. Collectively, these findings identify a novel role of BMP signaling in maintaining the identity of myoepithelial cells and suppressing precocious alveolar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Shao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Lou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Bi
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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23
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IR-Surviving NSCLC Cells Exhibit Different Patterns of Molecular and Cellular Reactions Relating to the Multifraction Irradiation Regimen and p53-Family Proteins Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112669. [PMID: 34071477 PMCID: PMC8198560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the first time, we demonstrated that the significant decrease in p63/p73 expression together with the absence of functional p53 could underlie an increase in the fraction of polyploid cells, transformation rates, and the glycolytic NAD(P)H production in multifraction X-ray radiation exposure (MFR)-surviving cancer cells, providing conditions for radioresistance associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process activation. During radiation therapy (RT), the treatment dose, fractionation, and dose limits for organs at risk (OARs) do not change between patients and are still prescribed mainly based on the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, performance status, and comorbidities, taking no account of the tumor biology. Our data once again emphasize that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy approaches should become more personalized according to RT regimen, tumor histology, and molecular status of critical proteins. Abstract Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor heterogeneity still poses the central question of cancer radioresistance, whether the presence of a particular cell population inside a tumor undergoing a selective outgrowth during radio- and chemotherapy give rise to metastasis and tumor recurrence. In this study, we examined the impact of two different multifraction X-ray radiation exposure (MFR) regimens, fraction dose escalation (FDE) in the split course and the conventional hypofractionation (HF), on the phenotypic and molecular signatures of four MFR-surviving NSCLC cell sublines derived from parental A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-null) cells, namely A549FR/A549HR, H1299FR/H1299HR cells. We demonstrate that sublines surviving different MFR regimens in a total dose of 60 Gy significantly diverge in their molecular traits related to irradiation regimen and p53 status. The observed changes regarding radiosensitivity, transformation, proliferation, metabolic activity, partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program activation and 1D confined migratory behavior (wound healing). For the first time, we demonstrated that MFR exposure led to the significant decrease in the expression of p63 and p73, the p53-family members, in p53null cells, which correlated with the increase in cell polyploidy. We could not find significant differences in FRA1 expression between parental cells and their sublines that survived after any MFR regimen regardless of p53 status. In our study, the FDE regimen probably causes partial EMT program activation in MFR-survived NSCLC cells through either Vimentin upregulation in p53null or an aberrant N-cadherin upregulation in p53wt cells. The HF regimen likely less influences the EMT activation irrespectively of the p53 status of MFR-survived NSCLC cells. Our data highlight that both MFR regimens caused overall higher cell transformation of p53null H1299FR and H1299HR cells than their parental H1299 cells. Moreover, our results indicate that the FDE regimen raised the radioresistance and transformation of MFR-surviving NSCLC cells irrespectively of their p53 status, though the HF regimen demonstrated a similar effect on p53null NSCLC cells only. Our data once again emphasize that NSCLC therapy approaches should become more personalized according to radiation therapy (RT) regimen, tumor histology, and molecular status of critical proteins.
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24
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Pokorná Z, Vysloužil J, Hrabal V, Vojtěšek B, Coates PJ. The foggy world(s) of p63 isoform regulation in normal cells and cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:454-473. [PMID: 33638205 DOI: 10.1002/path.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p63 exists as two major protein variants (TAp63 and ΔNp63) with distinct expression patterns and functional properties. Whilst downstream target genes of p63 have been studied intensively, how p63 variants are themselves controlled has been relatively neglected. Here, we review advances in understanding ΔNp63 and TAp63 regulation, highlighting their distinct pathways. TAp63 has roles in senescence and metabolism, and in germ cell genome maintenance, where it is activated post-transcriptionally by phosphorylation cascades after DNA damage. The function and regulation of TAp63 in mesenchymal and haematopoietic cells is less clear but may involve epigenetic control through DNA methylation. ΔNp63 functions to maintain stem/progenitor cells in various epithelia and is overexpressed in squamous and certain other cancers. ΔNp63 is transcriptionally regulated through multiple enhancers in concert with chromatin modifying proteins. Many signalling pathways including growth factors, morphogens, inflammation, and the extracellular matrix influence ΔNp63 levels, with inconsistent results reported. There is also evidence for reciprocal regulation, including ΔNp63 activating its own transcription. ΔNp63 is downregulated during cell differentiation through transcriptional regulation, while post-transcriptional events cause proteasomal degradation. Throughout the review, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight discordances, providing potential explanations including cell-context and cell-matrix interactions. Identifying individual p63 variants has roles in differential diagnosis and prognosis, and understanding their regulation suggests clinically approved agents for targeting p63 that may be useful combination therapies for selected cancer patients. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorná
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vysloužil
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hrabal
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borˇivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Läsche M, Urban H, Gallwas J, Gründker C. HPV and Other Microbiota; Who's Good and Who's Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer-A Non-Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030714. [PMID: 33807087 PMCID: PMC8005086 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.
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26
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Choe JH, Mazambani S, Kim TH, Kim JW. Oxidative Stress and the Intersection of Oncogenic Signaling and Metabolism in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cells 2021; 10:606. [PMID: 33803326 PMCID: PMC8000417 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arise from both stratified squamous and non-squamous epithelium of diverse anatomical sites and collectively represent one of the most frequent solid tumors, accounting for more than one million cancer deaths annually. Despite this prevalence, SCC patients have not fully benefited from recent advances in molecularly targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Rather, decades old platinum-based or radiation regimens retaining limited specificity to the unique characteristics of SCC remain first-line treatment options. Historically, a lack of a consolidated perspective on genetic aberrations driving oncogenic transformation and other such factors essential for SCC pathogenesis and intrinsic confounding cellular heterogeneity in SCC have contributed to a critical dearth in effective and specific therapies. However, emerging evidence characterizing the distinct genomic, epigenetic, and metabolic landscapes of SCC may be elucidating unifying features in a seemingly heterogeneous disease. In this review, by describing distinct metabolic alterations and genetic drivers of SCC revealed by recent studies, we aim to establish a conceptual framework for a previously unappreciated network of oncogenic signaling, redox perturbation, and metabolic reprogramming that may reveal targetable vulnerabilities at their intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Simbarashe Mazambani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Jung-whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
- Research and Development, VeraVerse Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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27
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Lépine C, Klein P, Voron T, Mandavit M, Berrebi D, Outh-Gauer S, Péré H, Tournier L, Pagès F, Tartour E, Le Meur T, Berlemont S, Teissier N, Carlevan M, Leboulanger N, Galmiche L, Badoual C. Histological Severity Risk Factors Identification in Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: How Immunohistochemistry and AI Algorithms Can Help? Front Oncol 2021; 11:596499. [PMID: 33763347 PMCID: PMC7982831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a condition characterized by the repeated growth of benign exophytic papilloma in the respiratory tract. The course of the disease remains unpredictable: some children experience minor symptoms, while others require multiple interventions due to florid growth. Our study aimed to identify histologic severity risk factors in patients with JoRRP. Forty-eight children from two French pediatric centers were included retrospectively. Criteria for a severe disease were: annual rate of surgical endoscopy ≥ 5, spread to the lung, carcinomatous transformation or death. We conducted a multi-stage study with image analysis. First, with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) digital slides of papilloma, we searched for morphological patterns associated with a severe JoRRP using a deep-learning algorithm. Then, immunohistochemistry with antibody against p53 and p63 was performed on sections of FFPE samples of laryngeal papilloma obtained between 2008 and 2018. Immunostainings were quantified according to the staining intensity through two automated workflows: one using machine learning, the other using deep learning. Twenty-four patients had severe disease. For the HE analysis, no significative results were obtained with cross-validation. For immunostaining with anti-p63 antibody, we found similar results between the two image analysis methods. Using machine learning, we found 23.98% of stained nuclei for medium intensity for mild JoRRP vs. 36.1% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.041); and for medium and strong intensity together, 24.14% for mild JoRRP vs. 36.9% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.048). Using deep learning, we found 58.32% for mild JoRRP vs. 67.45% for severe JoRRP (p = 0.045) for medium and strong intensity together. Regarding p53, we did not find any significant difference in the number of nuclei stained between the two groups of patients. In conclusion, we highlighted that immunochemistry with the anti-p63 antibody is a potential biomarker to predict the severity of the JoRRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lépine
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Outh-Gauer
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louis Tournier
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Franck Pagès
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Natacha Teissier
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Carlevan
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Department of Pediatric ENT Surgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- INSERM-U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
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28
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Matsuda K, Kashima J, Yatabe Y. The Isoform Matters in NUT Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall of p40 Immunohistochemistry. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 15:e176-e178. [PMID: 32981612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kashima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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The p63 C-terminus is essential for murine oocyte integrity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:383. [PMID: 33452256 PMCID: PMC7810856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 mediates distinct cellular responses, primarily regulating epithelial and oocyte biology. In addition to the two amino terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, the 3’-end of p63 mRNA undergoes tissue-specific alternative splicing that leads to several isoforms, including p63α, p63β and p63γ. To investigate in vivo how the different isoforms fulfil distinct functions at the cellular and developmental levels, we developed a mouse model replacing the p63α with p63β by deletion of exon 13 in the Trp63 gene. Here, we report that whereas in two organs physiologically expressing p63α, such as thymus and skin, no abnormalities are detected, total infertility is evident in heterozygous female mice. A sharp reduction in the number of primary oocytes during the first week after birth occurs as a consequence of the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic transcriptional targets Puma and Noxa by the tetrameric, constitutively active, TAp63β isoform. Hence, these mice show a condition of ovary dysfunction, resembling human primary ovary insufficiency. Our results show that the p63 C-terminus is essential in TAp63α-expressing primary oocytes to control cell death in vivo, expanding the current understanding of human primary ovarian insufficiency. The transcription factor p63 mediates different cellular responses affecting epithelial and oocyte biology. Here, the authors generate a mouse model (HET Δ13p63 mice) expressing the p63β isoform and show this affects ovary development, phenocopying a human syndrome, primary ovary insufficiency.
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30
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TAp63 and ΔNp63 (p40) in prostate adenocarcinomas: ΔNp63 associates with a basal-like cancer stem cell population but not with metastasis. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:627-636. [PMID: 33037932 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Like other malignancies, prostate tumors are thought to contain cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that are responsible for growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. ΔNp63 (also called p40) is a regulator of normal prostate stem/progenitor cell activities and a marker of normal basal epithelial cells. The levels of ΔNp63 are reduced in prostate adenocarcinomas, although there is also evidence that ΔNp63 is involved in CSC regulation and drives metastasis to the bone. We studied metastatic deposits of prostate cancers with isoform-specific ΔNp63 and TAp63 antibodies. We identified p63-positive cells in only 3 of 42 metastatic prostate tumors (7%), including 2/38 (5.3%) "usual-type" adenocarcinomas. ΔNp63 and TAp63 isoforms were present in the nuclei of a small subpopulation (< 1%) of tumor cells in these metastases. ΔNp63-positive cells showed a basal-like cell phenotype (cytokeratin 8- and androgen receptor-negative, high molecular weight cytokeratin- and cytokeratin 19-positive), distinct from the tumor bulk. TAp63-positive cells were similar but were sometimes cytokeratin 8-positive. A subset of ΔNp63-positive tumor cells were CD44-positive, a marker of "basal" CSCs but were not positive for the "epithelial" CSC marker ALDH1. TAp63 was not associated with either of these CSC markers. None of the tumors containing p63-positive cells showed evidence of bone metastasis, compared with 28% of the p63-negative tumors. These data show that both ΔNp63 and TAp63 are present in only a small proportion of prostate adenocarcinomas and do not associate with metastasis. The data suggest heterogeneity of CSCs in prostate cancer, similar to other cancer types.
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TAp63α targeting of Lgr5 mediates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and sulforaphane inhibition. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:89. [PMID: 33040081 PMCID: PMC7548006 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have an established role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The p63 proteins are important transcription factors which belong to the p53 family, but their function and mechanism in CSCs remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of TAp63α in colorectal CSCs and the effects of sulforaphane on TAp63α. We found that TAp63α was upregulated in spheres with stem cell properties compared to the parental cells. Overexpression of TAp63α promoted self-renewal capacity and enhanced CSC markers expression in colorectal sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we showed that TAp63α directly bound to the promoter region of Lgr5 to enhance its expression and activate its downstream β-catenin pathway. Functional experiments revealed that sulforaphane suppressed the stemness of colorectal CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of TAp63α attenuated the inhibitory effect of sulforaphane on colorectal CSCs, indicating the role of TAp63α in sulforaphane suppression of the stemness in colorectal cancer. The present study elucidated for the first time that TAp63α promoted CSCs through targeting Lgr5/β-catenin axis and participated in sulforaphane inhibition of the stem cell properties in colorectal cancer.
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Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Ruican D, Niculescu M, Nagy RD, Roşu GC, Petrescu AM, Drăguşin RC, Iovan L, Zorilă GL, Iliescu DG. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: the role of complex morphopathological assay. Review and case presentation. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:985-997. [PMID: 34171048 PMCID: PMC8343605 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian ectopic pregnancy (OEP) represents the rarest type of ectopic pregnancy, accounting for 1-3% of this pathology. The diagnosis of this pathology is challenging due to the non-specific clinical aspects and the ultrasound examination hampered by the lack of visible gestational sac in the presence of hematocele and hemoperitoneum. The purpose of the extended histopathological (HP) examination was to identify particular aspects of the OEP trophoblast and to highlight potential local ovarian modifications which can determine pregnancy fixation at this level. The patient presented local favorable conditions for intraovarian nidation, conditions confirmed by the HP classical examination and by the immunohistochemical evaluation. We identified, using classical Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson's trichrome and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-Hematoxylin, necrotic hemorrhage, accentuated vascular thrombosis and high density lymphoplasmocytary infiltrate. These modifications increased local adhesivity and cell destruction through hypoperfusion. Anti-cluster of differentiation antibodies (CD34, CD38, tryptase) revealed the low number of intravillous vessels and the high number of macrophages and mastocytes involved in the local inflammatory process heighten. We identified the presence of trophoblast tissue in the ovarian structure using anti-cytokeratin AE1∕AE3 (CK AE1∕AE3)/anti-cytokeratin 7 (CK7) antibodies. The anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and anti-vimentin (VIM) antibodies displayed the density of myofibroblasts and intravillous stromal cells and with the aid of anti-progesterone receptor (PR) antibody, we identified the corpus luteum hormonal response in the OEP. The placental villosities present a blocked multiplication process at the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein, confirmed by the Ki67 cell proliferation and tumor protein 63 (p63) immunomarkers. Anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE), anti-calretinin and anti-inhibin A antibodies showed the particular aspects of the granulosa and internal theca cells, which may be involved in oocyte release blockage, intraluteal and extraluteal fecundation of the OEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Maria Istrate-Ofiţeru
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Dan Ruican
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Niculescu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Daniela Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Camelia Roşu
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Petrescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Drăguşin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Larisa Iovan
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- PhD Student, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - George Lucian Zorilă
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Dominic Gabriel Iliescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Dabelsteen S, Pallesen EMH, Marinova IN, Nielsen MI, Adamopoulou M, Rømer TB, Levann A, Andersen MM, Ye Z, Thein D, Bennett EP, Büll C, Moons SJ, Boltje T, Clausen H, Vakhrushev SY, Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Essential Functions of Glycans in Human Epithelia Dissected by a CRISPR-Cas9-Engineered Human Organotypic Skin Model. Dev Cell 2020; 54:669-684.e7. [PMID: 32710848 PMCID: PMC7497784 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The glycome undergoes characteristic changes during histogenesis and organogenesis, but our understanding of the importance of select glycan structures for tissue formation and homeostasis is incomplete. Here, we present a human organotypic platform that allows genetic dissection of cellular glycosylation capacities and systematic interrogation of the roles of distinct glycan types in tissue formation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting to generate a library of 3D organotypic skin tissues that selectively differ in their capacity to produce glycan structures on the main types of N- and O-linked glycoproteins and glycolipids. This tissue library revealed distinct changes in skin formation associated with a loss of features for all tested glycoconjugates. The organotypic skin model provides phenotypic cues for the distinct functions of glycoconjugates and serves as a unique resource for further genetic dissection and identification of the specific structural features involved. The strategy is also applicable to other organotypic tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Dabelsteen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil M H Pallesen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias I Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Adamopoulou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels B Rømer
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asha Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel M Andersen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Thein
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nikolouzakis TK, Falzone L, Lasithiotakis K, Krüger-Krasagakis S, Kalogeraki A, Sifaki M, Spandidos DA, Chrysos E, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Current and Future Trends in Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Purposes in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2868. [PMID: 32899768 PMCID: PMC7564050 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents the most common type of cancer among Caucasians and presents in two main forms: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC is an umbrella term, under which basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are found along with the pre-neoplastic lesions, Bowen disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Due to the mild nature of the majority of NMSC cases, research regarding their biology has attracted much less attention. Nonetheless, NMSC can bear unfavorable characteristics for the patient, such as invasiveness, local recurrence and distant metastases. In addition, late diagnosis is relatively common for a number of cases of NMSC due to the inability to recognize such cases. Recognizing the need for clinically and economically efficient modes of diagnosis, staging, and prognosis, the present review discusses the main etiological and pathological features of NMSC as well as the new and promising molecular biomarkers available including telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), CpG island methylation (CIM), histone methylation and acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and micronuclei frequency (MNf). The evaluation of all these aspects is important for the correct management of NMSC; therefore, the current review aims to assist future studies interested in exploring the diagnostic and prognostic potential of molecular biomarkers for these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konstantinos Lasithiotakis
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Maria Sifaki
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
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Shin E, Kim J. The potential role of YAP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1264-1274. [PMID: 32859951 PMCID: PMC8080831 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional cofactor YAP and its inhibitory regulators, Hippo kinases and adapter proteins, constitute an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size and cell fate. The activity of the Hippo-YAP pathway is determined by a variety of intracellular and intercellular cues, such as cell polarity, junctions, density, mechanical stress, energy status, and growth factor signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that YAP can induce the expression of a set of genes that allow cancer cells to gain a survival advantage and aggressive behavior. Comprehensive genomic studies have revealed frequent focal amplifications of the YAP locus in human carcinomas, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, FAT1, which encodes an upstream component of Hippo signaling, is one of the most commonly altered genes in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the causes and functional consequences of YAP dysregulation in HNSCC. We also address interactions between YAP and other oncogenic drivers of HNSCC. Abnormal activity of a protein involved in cell proliferation may influence the progression of head and neck cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects the skin, throat, mouth and nose tissues. Disruption to the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, which plays a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation, is implicated in multiple cancers. Joon Kim and Eunbie Shin at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea, reviewed recent research into the role of YAP in HNSCC. Abnormal YAP protein activity triggers the expression of genes that encourage cancer cell proliferation. Mice with over-expressed YAP showed tissue overgrowth and tumor formation. High YAP levels have been found at the invasive front of HNSCC tumors, suggesting a role in metastasis. Further research is needed to verify whether YAP is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbie Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
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36
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Kawakami F, Nagao T, Honda Y, Sakata J, Yoshida R, Nakayama H, Inoue S, Kitajima M, Ikeda O, Nakaguro M, Mikami Y. Microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate: A case report of a recently described entity. Pathol Int 2020; 70:781-785. [PMID: 32687666 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate. The patient is a 37-year-old woman with a 15 mm submucosal tumor, which was incidentally found by her primary care dentist, in her hard palate. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor exhibiting high signal on T2-weighted image, which was gradually enhanced on dynamic study. Histologically, the tumor border was ill-defined without fibrous capsule and adjoined minor salivary gland with permeative infiltration at the tumor periphery. The tumor comprised intercalated duct-like cells with polygonal narrow eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm and small, uniform oval nuclei. These cells formed small infiltrative microcysts, tubules and fascicular cords collecting pale basophilic secretions and small vacuoles setting in an abundant fibromyxoid stroma. The tumor cells were positive for CK AE1+AE3, S-100 protein, and p63, while are completely negative for p40, alpha-SMA, and calponin. The MEF2C-SS18 fusion was identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. The combination of characteristic histology, immunophenotype, and presence of MEF2C-SS18 fusion indicated the diagnosis of microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate, an entity described only recently. Post-operative course was uneventful and there was no evidence of disease at 4 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Kawakami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Honda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junki Sakata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seijiro Inoue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mika Kitajima
- Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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37
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Westcott JM, Camacho S, Nasir A, Huysman ME, Rahhal R, Dang TT, Riegel AT, Brekken RA, Pearson GW. ΔNp63-Regulated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition State Heterogeneity Confers a Leader-Follower Relationship That Drives Collective Invasion. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3933-3944. [PMID: 32661136 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Defining how interactions between tumor subpopulations contribute to invasion is essential for understanding how tumors metastasize. Here, we find that the heterogeneous expression of the transcription factor ΔNp63 confers distinct proliferative and invasive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states in subpopulations that establish a leader-follower relationship to collectively invade. A ΔNp63-high EMT program coupled the ability to proliferate with an IL1α- and miR-205-dependent suppression of cellular protrusions that are required to initiate collective invasion. An alternative ΔNp63-low EMT program conferred cells with the ability to initiate and lead collective invasion. However, this ΔNp63-low EMT state triggered a collateral loss of fitness. Importantly, rare growth-suppressed ΔNp63-low EMT cells influenced tumor progression by leading the invasion of proliferative ΔNp63-high EMT cells in heterogeneous primary tumors. Thus, heterogeneous activation of distinct EMT programs promotes a mode of collective invasion that overcomes cell intrinsic phenotypic deficiencies to induce the dissemination of proliferative tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal how an interaction between cells in different EMT states confers properties that are not induced by either EMT program alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Westcott
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sharon Camacho
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Molly E Huysman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Raneen Rahhal
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Tuyen T Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
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An Algorithmic Immunohistochemical Approach to Define Tumor Type and Assign Site of Origin. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:114-163. [PMID: 32205473 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry represents an indispensable complement to an epidemiology and morphology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis and site of origin assignment. This review reflects the state of my current practice, based on 15-years' experience in Pathology and a deep-dive into the literature, always striving to be better equipped to answer the age old questions, "What is it, and where is it from?" The tables and figures in this manuscript are the ones I "pull up on the computer" when I am teaching at the microscope and turn to myself when I am (frequently) stuck. This field is so exciting because I firmly believe that, through the application of next-generation immunohistochemistry, we can provide better answers than ever before. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) broad tumor classification and associated screening markers; (2) the role of cancer epidemiology in determining pretest probability; (3) broad-spectrum epithelial markers; (4) noncanonical expression of broad tumor class screening markers; (5) a morphologic pattern-based approach to poorly to undifferentiated malignant neoplasms; (6) a morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to define 4 main carcinoma types; (7) CK7/CK20 coordinate expression; (8) added value of semiquantitative immunohistochemical stain assessment; algorithmic immunohistochemical approaches to (9) "garden variety" adenocarcinomas presenting in the liver, (10) large polygonal cell adenocarcinomas, (11) the distinction of primary surface ovarian epithelial tumors with mucinous features from metastasis, (12) tumors presenting at alternative anatomic sites, (13) squamous cell carcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including (14) the distinction of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, site of origin assignment in (15) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and (16) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and (17) the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; it concludes with (18) a discussion of diagnostic considerations in the broad-spectrum keratin/CD45/S-100-"triple-negative" neoplasm.
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PABPN1, a Target of p63, Modulates Keratinocyte Differentiation through Regulation of p63α mRNA Translation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2166-2177.e6. [PMID: 32243883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
p63 is expressed from two promoters and produces two N-terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63. Alternative splicing creates three C-terminal isoforms p63α, p63β, and p63δ, whereas alternative polyadenylation (APA) in coding sequence creates two more C-terminal isoforms p63γ and p63ε. Although several transcription factors have been identified to differentially regulate the N-terminal p63 isoforms, it is unclear how the C-terminal p63 isoforms are regulated. Thus, we determined whether PABPN1, a key regulator of APA, may differentially regulate the C-terminal p63 isoforms. We found that PABPN1 deficiency increases p63γ mRNA through APA in coding sequence. We also found that PABPN1 is necessary for p63α translation by modulating the binding of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G to p63α mRNA. Moreover, we found that the p53 family, especially p63α, regulates PABPN1 transcription, suggesting that the mutual regulation between p63 and PABPN1 forms a feedback loop. Furthermore, we found that PABPN1 deficiency inhibits keratinocyte cell growth, which can be rescued by ectopic ΔNp63α. Finally, we found that PABPN1 controls the terminal differentiation of HaCaT keratinocytes by modulating ΔNp63α expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that PABPN1 is a key regulator of the C-terminal p63 isoforms through APA in coding sequence and mRNA translation and that the p63-PABPN1 loop modulates p63 activity and the APA landscape.
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40
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Vincenzi M, Mercurio FA, Leone M. Sam Domains in Multiple Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:450-476. [PMID: 30306850 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181009114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile alpha motif (Sam) domain is a small helical protein module, able to undergo homo- and hetero-oligomerization, as well as polymerization, thus forming different types of protein architectures. A few Sam domains are involved in pathological processes and consequently, they represent valuable targets for the development of new potential therapeutic routes. This study intends to collect state-of-the-art knowledge on the different modes by which Sam domains can favor disease onset and progression. METHODS This review was build up by searching throughout the literature, for: a) the structural properties of Sam domains, b) interactions mediated by a Sam module, c) presence of a Sam domain in proteins relevant for a specific disease. RESULTS Sam domains appear crucial in many diseases including cancer, renal disorders, cataracts. Often pathologies are linked to mutations directly positioned in the Sam domains that alter their stability and/or affect interactions that are crucial for proper protein functions. In only a few diseases, the Sam motif plays a kind of "side role" and cooperates to the pathological event by enhancing the action of a different protein domain. CONCLUSION Considering the many roles of the Sam domain into a significant variety of diseases, more efforts and novel drug discovery campaigns need to be engaged to find out small molecules and/or peptides targeting Sam domains. Such compounds may represent the pillars on which to build novel therapeutic strategies to cure different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Vincenzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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41
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Mathorne SW, Ravn P, Hansen D, Beck-Nielsen SS, Gjørup H, Sørensen KP, Fagerberg CR. Novel phenotype of syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency associated with TP63 molecular defect. Clin Genet 2020; 97:779-784. [PMID: 32067224 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that TP63 is associated with isolated as well as syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). We report two adolescent sisters diagnosed with undetectable ovaries, uterine hypoplasia, and mammary gland hypoplasia. A novel paternally inherited nonsense variant in TP63 [NM_003722.4 c.1927C > T,p.(Arg643*)] in exon 14 was identified by exome sequencing. One of the syndromes linked to TP63 is limb mammary syndrome (LMS), an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by ectrodactyly, hypoplasia of mammary-gland and nipple, lacrimal duct stenosis, nail dysplasia, dental anomalies, cleft palate and/or cleft lip and absence of skin and hair defects. The TP63 variant segregated with symptoms of LMS in the family, however, no affected individual had limb defects. The phenotype reported here represents a novel syndromic phenotype associated with TP63. Reported cases with TP63 associated POI are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine W Mathorne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Ravn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Hansen
- H C Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Gjørup
- Center for Oral Health in Rare Diseases, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristina P Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Guan Y, Wang G, Fails D, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Unraveling cancer lineage drivers in squamous cell carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107448. [PMID: 31836455 PMCID: PMC6995404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hijacks embryonic development and adult wound repair mechanisms to fuel malignancy. Cancer frequently originates from de-regulated adult stem cells or progenitors, which are otherwise essential units for postnatal tissue remodeling and repair. Cancer genomics studies have revealed convergence of multiple cancers across organ sites, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a common group of cancers arising from the head and neck, esophagus, lung, cervix and skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular drivers of SCCs, including these five major organ sites. We especially focus our discussion on lineage dependent driver genes and pathways, in the context of squamous development and stratification. We then use skin as a model to discuss the notion of field cancerization during SCC carcinogenesis, and cancer as a wound that never heals. Finally, we turn to the idea of context dependency widely observed in cancer driver genes, and outline literature support and possible explanations for their lineage specific functions. Through these discussions, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of molecular mechanisms driving tumor plasticity in squamous cancers. Such basic knowledge will be helpful to inform the clinics for better stratifying cancer patients, revealing novel drug targets and providing effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Danielle Fails
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Liu Y, Nekulova M, Nenutil R, Horakova I, Appleyard MV, Murray K, Holcakova J, Galoczova M, Quinlan P, Jordan LB, Purdie CA, Vojtesek B, Thompson AM, Coates PJ. ∆Np63/p40 correlates with the location and phenotype of basal/mesenchymal cancer stem-like cells in human ER + and HER2 + breast cancers. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 6:83-93. [PMID: 31591823 PMCID: PMC6966710 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63, also known as p40, regulates stemness of normal mammary gland epithelium and provides stem cell characteristics in basal and HER2‐driven murine breast cancer models. Whilst ΔNp63/p40 is a characteristic feature of normal basal cells and basal‐type triple‐negative breast cancer, some receptor‐positive breast cancers express ΔNp63/p40 and its overexpression imparts cancer stem cell‐like properties in ER+ cell lines. However, the incidence of ER+ and HER2+ tumours that express ΔNp63/p40 is unclear and the phenotype of ΔNp63/p40+ cells in these tumours remains uncertain. Using immunohistochemistry with p63 isoform‐specific antibodies, we identified a ΔNp63/p40+ tumour cell subpopulation in 100 of 173 (58%) non‐triple negative breast cancers and the presence of this population associated with improved survival in patients with ER−/HER2+ tumours (p = 0.006). Furthermore, 41% of ER+/PR+ and/or HER2+ locally metastatic breast cancers expressed ΔNp63/p40, and these cells commonly accounted for <1% of the metastatic tumour cell population that localised to the tumour/stroma interface, exhibited an undifferentiated phenotype and were CD44+/ALDH−. In vitro studies revealed that MCF7 and T47D (ER+) and BT‐474 (HER2+) breast cancer cell lines similarly contained a small subpopulation of ΔNp63/p40+ cells that increased in mammospheres. In vivo, MCF7 xenografts contained ΔNp63/p40+ cells with a similar phenotype to primary ER+ cancers. Consistent with tumour samples, these cells also showed a distinct location at the tumour/stroma interface, suggesting a role for paracrine factors in the induction or maintenance of ΔNp63/p40. Thus, ΔNp63/p40 is commonly present in a small population of tumour cells with a distinct phenotype and location in ER+ and/or HER2+ human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- NCRC, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Nekulova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Horakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Virginia Appleyard
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Karen Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Galoczova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip J Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Smirnov A, Anemona L, Novelli F, Piro CM, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. p63 Is a Promising Marker in the Diagnosis of Unusual Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5781. [PMID: 31744230 PMCID: PMC6888618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Ozone depletion and climate changes might cause a further increase in the incidence rate in the future. Although the early detection of skin cancer enables it to be treated successfully, some tumours can evolve and become more aggressive, especially in the case of melanoma. Therefore, good diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed to ensure correct detection and treatment. Transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family of proteins, plays an essential role in the development of stratified epithelia such as skin. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of p63 expression in different types of skin cancer and discuss its possible use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina M. Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy
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45
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Ding L, Su Y, Fassl A, Hinohara K, Qiu X, Harper NW, Huh SJ, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Jovanović B, Ekram M, Zi X, Hines WC, Alečković M, Gil Del Alcazar C, Caulfield RJ, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Merino VF, Choudhury S, Ethington G, Panos L, Grant M, Herlihy W, Au A, Rosson GD, Argani P, Richardson AL, Dillon D, Allred DC, Babski K, Kim EMH, McDonnell CH, Wagner J, Rowberry R, Bobolis K, Kleer CG, Hwang ES, Blum JL, Cristea S, Sicinski P, Fan R, Long HW, Sukumar S, Park SY, Garber JE, Bissell M, Yao J, Polyak K. Perturbed myoepithelial cell differentiation in BRCA mutation carriers and in ductal carcinoma in situ. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4182. [PMID: 31519911 PMCID: PMC6744561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells play key roles in normal mammary gland development and in limiting pre-invasive to invasive breast tumor progression, yet their differentiation and perturbation in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated myoepithelial cells in normal breast tissues of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers and in non-carrier controls, and in sporadic DCIS. We found that in the normal breast of non-carriers, myoepithelial cells frequently co-express the p63 and TCF7 transcription factors and that p63 and TCF7 show overlapping chromatin peaks associated with differentiated myoepithelium-specific genes. In contrast, in normal breast tissues of BRCA1 mutation carriers the frequency of p63+TCF7+ myoepithelial cells is significantly decreased and p63 and TCF7 chromatin peaks do not overlap. These myoepithelial perturbations in normal breast tissues of BRCA1 germline mutation carriers may play a role in their higher risk of breast cancer. The fraction of p63+TCF7+ myoepithelial cells is also significantly decreased in DCIS, which may be associated with invasive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- ImmunoGen, Inc, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Noga Bloushtain-Qimron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- EMEA Site Intelligence and Activation, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bojana Jovanović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Muhammad Ekram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- WuXi NextCODE, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - William C Hines
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Gil Del Alcazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan J Caulfield
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sibgat Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Metamark Genetics Inc, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura Panos
- Baylor-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Michael Grant
- Baylor-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - William Herlihy
- Baylor-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Alfred Au
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gedge D Rosson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D Craig Allred
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kirsten Babski
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | - Elizabeth Min Hui Kim
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jon Wagner
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | - Ron Rowberry
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | | | - Celina G Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joanne L Blum
- Baylor-Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mina Bissell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Hsieh MH, Choe JH, Gadhvi J, Kim YJ, Arguez MA, Palmer M, Gerold H, Nowak C, Do H, Mazambani S, Knighton JK, Cha M, Goodwin J, Kang MK, Jeong JY, Lee SY, Faubert B, Xuan Z, Abel ED, Scafoglio C, Shackelford DB, Minna JD, Singh PK, Shulaev V, Bleris L, Hoyt K, Kim J, Inoue M, DeBerardinis RJ, Kim TH, Kim JW. p63 and SOX2 Dictate Glucose Reliance and Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1860-1878.e9. [PMID: 31412252 PMCID: PMC7048935 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a malignancy arising across multiple anatomical sites, is responsible for significant cancer mortality due to insufficient therapeutic options. Here, we identify exceptional glucose reliance among SCCs dictated by hyperactive GLUT1-mediated glucose influx. Mechanistically, squamous lineage transcription factors p63 and SOX2 transactivate the intronic enhancer cluster of SLC2A1. Elevated glucose influx fuels generation of NADPH and GSH, thereby heightening the anti-oxidative capacity in SCC tumors. Systemic glucose restriction by ketogenic diet and inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption with SGLT2 inhibitor precipitate intratumoral oxidative stress and tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, reduction of blood glucose lowers blood insulin levels, which suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling in SCC cells. Clinically, we demonstrate a robust correlation between blood glucose concentration and worse survival among SCC patients. Collectively, this study identifies the exceptional glucose reliance of SCC and suggests its candidacy as a highly vulnerable cancer type to be targeted by systemic glucose restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Joshua H Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jashkaran Gadhvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Marcus A Arguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Madison Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Haleigh Gerold
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chance Nowak
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hung Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Simbarashe Mazambani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jordan K Knighton
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Cha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Justin Goodwin
- Graduate School of Art and Sciences and School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claudio Scafoglio
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - James Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Bhateja P, Cherian M, Majumder S, Ramaswamy B. The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Viable Target in Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081126. [PMID: 31394751 PMCID: PMC6721501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell programs. Deregulation of the Hh pathway is a key driver of basal cell carcinoma, and therapeutic targeting led to approval of Hh inhibitor, vismodegib, in the management of this cancer. The Hh pathway is implicated in other malignancies including hormone receptor (HR+) positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hh signaling, which is activated in human mammary stem cells, results in activation of glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors. High GLI1 expression correlates with worse outcomes in breast cancer. Non-canonical GLI1 activation is one mechanism by which estrogen exposure promotes breast cancer stem cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Tamoxifen resistant cell lines show aberrant activation of Hh signaling, and knockdown of Hh pathway inhibited growth of tamoxifen resistant cells. As in other cancers Hh signaling is activated by the PI3K/AKT pathway in these endocrine resistant cell lines. Hh pathway activation has also been reported to mediate chemotherapy resistance in TNBC via various mechanisms including paracrine signaling to tumor micro-environment and selective proliferation of cancer stem cells. Co-activation of Hh and Wnt signaling pathways is a poor prognostic marker in TNBC. Early phase clinical trials are evaluating the combination of smoothened (SMO) inhibitors and chemotherapy in TNBC. In addition to SMO inhibitors like vismodegib and sonidegib, which are in clinical use for basal cell carcinoma, GLI1 inhibitors like GANT58 and GANT61 are in preclinical drug development and might be an effective mechanism to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer. Gene signatures predictive of Hh pathway activation could enrich for patients likely to respond to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhateja
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarmila Majumder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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48
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Katoh I, Maehata Y, Moriishi K, Hata RI, Kurata SI. C-terminal α Domain of p63 Binds to p300 to Coactivate β-Catenin. Neoplasia 2019; 21:494-503. [PMID: 30986748 PMCID: PMC6462804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TP63 (p63), a member of the tumor suppressor TP53 (p53) gene family, is essential for ectodermal tissue development and suppresses malignant progression of carcinomas. The most abundant isoform, ΔNp63α (referred to as p63), lacks the N-terminal transactivation (TA) domain, and was originally characterized as a dominant-negative type suppressor against p53 family proteins. It also binds to TCF/LEF to inhibit β-catenin. Nevertheless, transcriptional activation by p63 has also been observed in varied systems. To understand the puzzling results, we analyzed the structure–function relationship of p63 in the control of β-catenin-dependent transcription. p63 acted as a suppressor of moderately induced β-catenin. However, when nuclear targeted S33Y β-catenin was applied to cause the maximum enhancer activation, p63 displayed a β-catenin-coactivating function. The DNA-binding domain of p63 and the target sequence facilitated it. Importantly, we newly found that, despite the absence of TA domain, p63 was associated with p300, a general adaptor protein and chromatin modifier causing transcriptional activation. C-terminal α domain of p63 was essential for p300-binding and for the coactivator function. These results were related to endogenous p63-p300 complex formation and Wnt/β-catenin-responsive gene regulation by p63 in squamous cell carcinoma lines. The novel p63-p300 interaction may be involved in positive regulation of gene expression in tissue development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyoko Katoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 408-3898, Japan; Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Yojiro Maehata
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 408-3898, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kurata
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
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49
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Tucker EJ, Jaillard S, Grover SR, van den Bergen J, Robevska G, Bell KM, Sadedin S, Hanna C, Dulon J, Touraine P, Sinclair AH. TP63-truncating variants cause isolated premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:886-892. [PMID: 30924587 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency involves amenorrhea and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone before age 40, and its genetic basis is poorly understood. Here, we study 13 premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients using whole-exome sequencing. We identify PREPL and TP63 causative variants, and variants in other potentially novel POI genes. PREPL deficiency is a known cause of syndromic POI, matching the patients' phenotype. A role for TP63 in ovarian biology has previously been proposed but variants have been described in multiorgan syndromes, and not isolated POI. One patient with isolated POI harbored a de novo nonsense TP63 variant in the terminal exon and an unrelated patient had a different nonsense variant in the same exon. These variants interfere with the repression domain while leaving the activation domain intact. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of TP63-related disorders, provide a new genotype:phenotype correlation for TP63 and identify a new genetic cause of isolated POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes1, Frances Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, F-35042, Rennes, Paris, France
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Sadedin
- Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe Hanna
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Dulon
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University Medicine, Centre de Référence desMaladies Endocriniennes Rares de laCroissance et du Développement, Centre des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University Medicine, Centre de Référence desMaladies Endocriniennes Rares de laCroissance et du Développement, Centre des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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TFAP2C- and p63-Dependent Networks Sequentially Rearrange Chromatin Landscapes to Drive Human Epidermal Lineage Commitment. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:271-284.e8. [PMID: 30686763 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development results from lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) programming a dynamic chromatin landscape through progressive cell fate transitions. Here, we define epigenomic landscape during epidermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and create inference networks that integrate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and TF binding to define regulatory mechanisms during keratinocyte specification. We found two critical chromatin networks during surface ectoderm initiation and keratinocyte maturation, which are driven by TFAP2C and p63, respectively. Consistently, TFAP2C, but not p63, is sufficient to initiate surface ectoderm differentiation, and TFAP2C-initiated progenitor cells are capable of maturing into functional keratinocytes. Mechanistically, TFAP2C primes the surface ectoderm chromatin landscape and induces p63 expression and binding sites, thus allowing maturation factor p63 to positively autoregulate its own expression and close a subset of the TFAP2C-initiated surface ectoderm program. Our work provides a general framework to infer TF networks controlling chromatin transitions that will facilitate future regenerative medicine advances.
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