1
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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2
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Wu T, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang J, Ji C, Liu H, Tang C, Mi X. Clinical efficacy and risk factors for suction curettage and hysteroscopy in patients with type I and II cesarean scar pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:270-276. [PMID: 37537977 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and evaluate risk factors for suction curettage (SC) and hysteroscopy in the treatment of type I and II cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). METHODS This was a retrospective study including 100 women diagnosed with type I/II CSP. Patients were treated with either ultrasound-guided SC (SC group) or hysteroscopy resection (surgery group). The success rates, mean operation time, hospitalization duration, hospitalization cost, risk factors, adverse events, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS The success rate of the SC and surgery groups were 85% and 100%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.032). There was one case of type I CSP and eight cases of type II CSP that failed SC treatment. No failed cases were found in the surgery group. Analysis of the causes of treatment failure revealed that diameter of the gestational sac was a risk factor for SC failure (odds ratio, 19.66 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.70-227.72], P = 0.017). Comparing the clinical outcomes between the SC and surgery groups, although the mean operation time of the SC group was significantly shorter than the surgery group (15 [CI, 15-20] vs. 30 [CI, 27-40], P = 0.001), the cost and duration of hospitalization were significantly lower in the surgery group than that in the SC group. No significant differences were observed for adverse events and complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Hysteroscopy is an effective and economical method for treating type I/II CSP. Moreover, SC is not recommended for patients with type I/II CSP with a gestation age ≥8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuihong Ji
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Department of Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Pan J, Yuan K, Mi X, Lu Y, Yu Y, Yang J, Dou S, Qin P. Efficient Bifunctional Photoelectric Integrated Cathode for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. ACS Nano 2023; 17:21360-21368. [PMID: 37906685 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The integrated photoelectric battery serves as a compact and energy-efficient form for direct conversion and storage of solar energy compared to the traditional isolated PV-battery systems. However, combining efficient light harvesting and electrochemical energy storage into a single material is a great challenge. Here, a bifunctional lead phytate-cesium lead bromide (PbPA-CsPbBr3) cathode is explored for the solid-state batteries in terms of CsPbBr3 in situ grown on the PbPA framework. Specifically, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals generate electron-hole pairs under sunlight, the holes contribute to the lithium desorption of the discharged PbPA, and the electrons participate in the formation of the cathode interfacial film through oxygen reduction. The obtained solid-state photoelectric lithium-metal battery achieved a photoconversion efficiency of 0.72%, outperforming other systems under the same lighting conditions. The reasonable cathode design and its application in integrated solid-state batteries provide an efficient way for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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6
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Zhang M, Yang BY, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Su S, Zhang E, Zhao X, Chen G, Wu Q, Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Luo Y, Liu X, Li J, Wu S, Mi X, Zhang W, Dong G, Yin C, Yue W. Association of ambient PM 1 exposure with maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in China. iScience 2023; 26:106863. [PMID: 37255659 PMCID: PMC10225929 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence concerning PM1 exposure, maternal blood pressure (BP), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is sparse. We evaluated the associations using 105,063 participants from a nationwide cohort. PM1 concentrations were evaluated using generalized additive model. BP was measured according to the American Heart Association recommendations. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the PM1-BP/HDP associations. Each 10 μg/m3 higher first-trimester PM1 was significantly associated with 1.696 mmHg and 1.056 mmHg higher first-trimester SBP and DBP, and with 11.4% higher odds for HDP, respectively. The above associations were stronger among older participants (> 35 years) or those educated longer than 17 years or those with higher household annual income (> 400,000 CNY). To conclude, first-trimester PM1 were positively associated with BP/HDP, which may be modified by maternal age, education level, and household annual income. Further research is warranted to provide more information for both health management of HDP and environmental policies enactment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongqing Sun
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shaofei Su
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Enjie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lixin Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lebing Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yana Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
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7
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Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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8
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Huang C, Zhao S, Yang Y, Guo T, Ke H, Mi X, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Zhao S. TP63 gain-of-function mutations cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing oocyte apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162315. [PMID: 36856110 PMCID: PMC9974095 DOI: 10.1172/jci162315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 guards genome integrity in the female germline, and its mutations have been reported in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, the precise contribution of the TP63 gene to the pathogenesis of POI needs to be further determined. Here, in 1,030 Chinese patients with POI, we identified 6 heterozygous mutations of the TP63 gene that impaired the C-terminal transactivation-inhibitory domain (TID) of the TAp63α protein and resulted in tetramer formation and constitutive activation of the mutant proteins. The mutant proteins induced cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of apoptosis-inducing factors in vitro. We next introduced a premature stop codon and selectively deleted the TID of TAp63α in mice and observed rapid depletion of the p63+/ΔTID mouse oocytes through apoptosis after birth. Finally, to further verify the pathogenicity of the mutation p.R647C in the TID that was present in 3 patients, we generated p63+/R647C mice and also found accelerated oocyte loss, but to a lesser degree than in the p63+/ΔTID mice. Together, these findings show that TID-related variants causing constitutive activation of TAp63α lead to POI by inducing oocyte apoptosis, which will facilitate the genetic diagnosis of POI in patients and provide a potential therapeutic target for extending female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Liao Q, Zhang XF, Mi X, Jin F, Sun HM, Wang QX. Influence of group B streptococcus and vaginal cleanliness on the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12578-12586. [PMID: 36579104 PMCID: PMC9791520 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome plays a critical role in the health of pregnant women and their newborns. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect the vaginal microecosystem and are closely associated with vaginal diseases.
AIM To explore the effects of GBS status and vaginal cleanliness on vaginal microecosystems.
METHODS We collected 160 vaginal swabs from pregnant women and divided them into the following four groups based on GBS status and vaginal cleanliness: GBS-positive + vaginal cleanliness I–II degree, GBS-negative + vaginal cleanliness I–II degree, GBS-positive + vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree, and GBS-negative + vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree. Samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
RESULTS Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon index did not significantly differ between the four groups. We identified significant variation in taxa abundance between the GBS-positive and GBS-negative groups and between the vaginal cleanliness I–II degree and III–IV degree groups. Principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis further confirmed the microbial diversity of the four groups. Moreover, the linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus jensenii and Actinobacteria were strongly associated with GBS-positive status, and Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillales, Bacilli and Firmicutes were closely correlated with GBS-negative status.
CONCLUSION GBS status and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect vaginal microbiome differences in pregnant women. Our findings provide instructional information for clinical antibiotic treatment in pregnant women with different GBS statuses and vaginal cleanliness degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hong-Min Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
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10
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Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
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11
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Zhao C, Zhao Y, Li J, Li M, Su Y, Mi X, La Tu SY, Shen D, Ren L, Li Y, Wang L, Wei L. The eight-year long-term follow-up on the effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Chinese women 20-45 years of age. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2052700. [PMID: 35358015 PMCID: PMC9225595 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2052700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccine has shown confirmative effectiveness in preventing HPV-related diseases among women and men around the globe. The phase III, randomized, double-blind efficacy study (Base study, NCT00834106) conducted in China showed 100% efficacy against HPV 16/18-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and efficacy against HPV persistent infection for 78 months. Participants aged 20-45 years who received three doses of 4vHPV vaccine or placebo during the base study were selected and invited for this long-term follow-up (LTFU) study to assess the long-term effectiveness of the 4vHPV vaccine in preventing HPV-related diseases. A total of 368 participants were included in this LTFU study with a median follow-up of 94 months. Among 27 participants (Vaccine vs. Placebo: 8 vs. 19) who underwent colposcopy and biopsy due to cervical cytological abnormalities or HPV infection, no HPV-16/18-related cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) was observed in the vaccine group while two HPV-16-related cases (CIN1/VaIN) were observed in the placebo group. There were another two HPV-related cases (non-vaccine HPV types) found in the placebo group. Consistent with the findings from global studies that suggested long-term efficacy of 4vHPV vaccine, our study showed continued protective effect of 4vHPV vaccine against HPV-related precancerous diseases through a median follow-up time of 94 months with the longest follow-up time of 125 months after completing three doses of vaccination among Chinese women 20-45 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su Yi La Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xilinguolemeng Xianghuangqi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Mi X, Sonner M, Niu MY, Lee KW, Foxen B, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Debroy DM, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Harrigan MP, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Lee J, Laws L, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Newman M, O’Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shvarts V, Strain D, Su Y, Szalay M, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA, Roushan P. Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits. Science 2022; 378:785-790. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with
ℤ
2
parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Y. Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. W. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - F. Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J. C. Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J. Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P. Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L. Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R. Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Flores
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - W. Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A. G. Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T. Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S. Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Y. Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A. N. Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K.-M. Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W. Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M. McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - N. Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y. Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G. Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T. White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z. Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P. Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N. Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H. Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. A. Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Han Y, Shi M, Mi X, Luo S. Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Simple Ketones via Asymmetric retro‐Claisen Cleavage. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202584. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Han
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences LMRF CHINA
| | | | - X. Mi
- Beijing Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing CHINA
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14
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Mi X, Lin SQ, Zhang XF, Li JJ, Pei LJ, Jin F, Liao Q, Xie LM, Wei LC, Hao CJ, Zhang YW, Li W. Maternal Perfluorinated Compound Exposure and Risk of Early Pregnancy Loss: A Nested Case-control Study. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:174-179. [PMID: 35197186 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mi
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Shi Qi Lin
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Fen Zhang
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jia Jia Li
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Jun Pei
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Li Min Xie
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Li Cong Wei
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Chan Juan Hao
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ya Wei Zhang
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
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15
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Jiao W, Mi X, Yang Y, Liu R, Liu Q, Yan T, Chen ZJ, Qin Y, Zhao S. Mesenchymal stem cells combined with autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid improve mouse ovarian function by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway in a paracrine manner. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:49. [PMID: 35109928 PMCID: PMC8812195 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Declining ovarian function in advance-aged women and in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients seriously affects quality of life, and there is currently no effective treatment to rescue ovarian function in clinic. Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ovarian aging, but its clinical application is limited due to the low efficiency and unclear mechanism. Here, a novel combination of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel is explored to rescue ovarian reserve and fecundity in POI and naturally aging mice. Methods To investigate HA prolonged the survival after UC-MSCs transplantation, PCR and immunofluorescence were performed to track the cells on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after transplantation. The effects of HA on UC-MSCs were analyzed by CCK8 assay, RNA-sequencing and 440 cytokine array. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of UC-MSCs combined with HA transplantation in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced POI mice and naturally aging mice model. Ovarian function was analyzed by ovarian morphology, follicle counts, estrous cycle, hormone levels and fertility ability. To investigate the mechanisms of stem cell therapy, conditioned medium was collected from UC-MSCs and fibroblast. Both in vitro ovarian culture model and 440 cytokine array were applied to assess the paracrine effect and determine the underlying mechanism. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified as an effective factor and verified by HGF cytokine/neutralization antibody supplementation into ovarian culture system. Results HA not only prolongs the retention of UC-MSCs in the ovary, but also boosts their secretory function, and UC-MSCs promote follicular survival by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway through a paracrine mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, HGF is identified as the key functional cytokine secreted by MSCs. Conclusions The results show that HA is an excellent cell scaffold to improve the treatment efficiency of UC-MSCs for ovarian aging under both physiological and pathological conditions, and the therapeutic mechanism is through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway via HGF. These findings will facilitate the clinical application of MSCs transplantation for ovarian disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02724-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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16
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Mi X, Wu LY, Liu JJ, Fang QL, Qian ZM, Chu C, Li QQ, Su F, Zhang YT, Zhou P, Zeng XW, Yu HY, Dong P, Zhou Y, Ou Y, Xiong S, Shen X, Feng W, Zhou Y, Dong GH. The effects of Cl-PFESAs exposure on blood lipids - A community-based large population study in Guangzhou. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150634. [PMID: 34597565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the lipid interference effects of legacy PFASs, however, no studies on PFAS alternatives and blood lipids have been published. In this study, we explored the association between Cl-PFESAs, a typical PFASs alternative in China, and blood lipid profiles in 1336 Guangzhou community residents using linear and non-linear regression models. The results showed a deleterious effect of Cl-PFESAs and blood lipids: adjusted estimates (β) for TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C per natural log unit increase of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were 0.029 (95% CI: 0.020, 0.038), 0.075 (95% CI: 0.049, 0.101), 0.035 (95% CI: 0.021, 0.049) and -0.071 (95% CI: -0.084, -0.058), respectively. The association between Cl-PFESAs and dyslipidemia was also positively significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a non-linear relationship was observed in Cl-PFESAs and serum lipid levels using a restricted cubic splines (RCS) model. In summary, our research suggested a negative impact of Cl-PFESAs on blood lipid patterns and a possible non-linear association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mi
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu-Yin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peien Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pengxin Dong
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563060, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563060, China
| | - Wenru Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563060, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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17
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Mi X, Jiao W, Yang Y, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Zhao S. HGF Secreted by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promotes Primordial Follicle Activation by Increasing the Activity of the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1834-1850. [PMID: 35089464 PMCID: PMC9209380 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primordial follicle activation is fundamental for folliculogenesis and for the maintenance of fertility. An effective therapeutic strategy for patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is to promote the activation of residual primordial follicles. The secretome of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSC-sec) contains several components that might promote the activation of primordial follicles. In the present study, we revealed that treatment with the hUC-MSC-sec significantly increased the proportion of activated primordial follicles in mouse ovaries both in vitro and in vivo. The activating effects of hUC-MSC-sec on primordial follicles were attributed to the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). While the effect of the hUC-MSC-sec was attenuated by the neutralizing antibodies against HGF, application of exogenous HGF alone also promoted the activation of primordial follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HGF promoted the expression of KITL in granulosa cells by binding with the HGF receptor c-Met, thereby increasing the activity of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to activate primordial follicles. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that hUC-MSC-sec promotes primordial follicle activation through the functional component HGF to increase the PI3K-AKT signaling activity, highlighting the application of the hUC-MSC-sec or HGF for the treatment of POI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenlin Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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18
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Satzinger KJ, Liu YJ, Smith A, Knapp C, Newman M, Jones C, Chen Z, Quintana C, Mi X, Dunsworth A, Gidney C, Aleiner I, Arute F, Arya K, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bardin JC, Barends R, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bilmes A, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chiaro B, Collins R, Courtney W, Demura S, Derk AR, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giustina M, Greene A, Gross JA, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hilton J, Hong S, Huang T, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Klimov PV, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Locharla A, Lucero E, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mruczkiewicz W, Mutus J, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Pató B, Petukhov A, Rubin NC, Sank D, Shvarts V, Strain D, Szalay M, Villalonga B, White TC, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Kitaev A, Knap M, Pollmann F, Roushan P. Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor. Science 2021; 374:1237-1241. [PMID: 34855491 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y-J Liu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - A Smith
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - C Knapp
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Newman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - C Gidney
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Bilmes
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Bushnell
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Courtney
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Demura
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Derk
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Eppens
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Erickson
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Farhi
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Greene
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Hilton
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Hong
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S V Isakov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P V Klimov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - D Landhuis
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Laptev
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Locharla
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Mutus
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Opremcak
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Pató
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Petukhov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T C White
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Kitaev
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Knap
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Pollmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - P Roushan
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
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19
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Du X, Mawolo JB, Liu X, Mi X, Li Q, Wen Y. Comparative study of the distribution and expression of Neuroglobin and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the adult and young Yak Brain. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245330. [PMID: 34495146 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. AIM The study examined the expression of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in adult and young yak brain tissues, and provided researchers with meaningful insight into the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of this mammal. METHOD The study employed immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) to obtain the results. RESULTS Ngb and Hif-1α were significantly (P<0.05) expressed in the cerebellar cortex, piriform lobe, medulla, and corpus callosum of the adult yak while in the young yak brain tissues, the protein expressions were significantly found in the white matter of the cerebellum, pineal gland, corpus callosum, and cerebellar cortex. The Ngb and Hif-1α expression showed similarities and differences. This may have resulted from similar animal species, source of nutrition, age factors, brain size, emotional activities, and communication. The findings documented that Ngb and Hif-1α are commonly expressed in various adult and young yak brain tissues. Multiple roles in the brain tissues of the adult and young yaks are involved in the expression and distribution and are proposed to play a significant role in the adaptation of the yak to the high altitude environment. CONCLUSION This study provides meaningful data to understand the adaptive mechanism to hypoxia and recommended researchers to expand on the adaptive mechanism and brain tissues that are not recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Mawolo
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Mi
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wen
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Du X, Mi X, Liu X, Mawolo JB. Comparative study on the distribution and expression of Neuroglobin and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248911. [PMID: 34495167 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The telencephalon refers to the most highly developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting mainly of the cerebral hemispheres. The study determined Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle, and compare the expression and distribution pattern of Ngb and HIF-1α in the two animals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) were employed to investigate Ngb and Hif-1α expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. mRNA and protein expressions of Ngb and HIF-1α showed positive in different tissues of the yak and cattle telencephalon. Ngb expression in tissues of the yak recorded higher as compare to cattle while HIF-1α expression was found higher in cattle than yak. The HIF-1α expression in some tissues of yak telencephalon was consistent with the cattle. The results documented that HIF-1α may have a direct or indirect synergistic effect on Ngb expression in the yak telencephalon to improve hypoxia adaptation. It is suggested that yak may need more Ngb expression for adaptation, but the expression of HIF-1α seems to be down-regulated during long-term adaptation, and the specific causes of this phenomenon needs to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Mi
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Mawolo
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Cao Y, Mi X, Li X, Wang B. Defect Engineering in Metal‒Organic Frameworks as Futuristic Options for Purification of Pollutants in an Aqueous Environment. Front Chem 2021; 9:673738. [PMID: 34485241 PMCID: PMC8415362 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.673738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clean water scarcity is becoming an increasingly important worldwide issue. The water treatment industry is demanding the development of novel effective materials. Defect engineering in nanoparticles is among the most revolutionary of technologies. Because of their high surface area, structural diversity, and tailorable ability, Metal‒Organic Frameworks (MOFs) can be used for a variety of purposes including separation, storage, sensing, drug delivery, and many other issues. The application in wastewater treatment associated with water stable MOF‒based materials has been an emerging research topic in recent decades. Defect engineering is a sophisticated technique used to manufacture defects and to change the geometric framework of target compounds. Since MOFs have a series of designable structures and active sites, tailoring properties in MOFs by defect engineering is a novel concept. Defect engineering can excavate hidden active sites in MOFs, which can lead to better performance in many fields. Therefore, this technology will open new opportunities in water purification processes. However, there has been little effort to comprehensively discuss this topic. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of defect engineered MOFs for water purification processes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of defect engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry, China School of Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry, China School of Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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22
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Ruan J, Zain JM, Palmer B, Jovanovic BB, Mi X, Swaroop A, Winter J, Gordon LI, Karmali R, Pro B. MULTI‐CENTER PHASE II STUDY OF ROMIDEPSIN PLUS LENALIDOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA (PTCL). Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.55_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ruan
- Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital Medicine Hematology‐Oncology New York City, New York USA
| | - J. M Zain
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medicine Duarte USA
| | - B. Palmer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - B. Borko Jovanovic
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine Chicago USA
| | - X. Mi
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine Chicago USA
| | - A. Swaroop
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine Chicago USA
| | - J. Winter
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - L. I Gordon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - R. Karmali
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - B. Pro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
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23
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McEwen M, Kafri D, Chen Z, Atalaya J, Satzinger KJ, Quintana C, Klimov PV, Sank D, Gidney C, Fowler AG, Arute F, Arya K, Buckley B, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chiaro B, Collins R, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Foxen B, Giustina M, Huang T, Hong S, Jeffrey E, Kim S, Kechedzhi K, Kostritsa F, Laptev P, Megrant A, Mi X, Mutus J, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Niu M, Paler A, Redd N, Roushan P, White TC, Yao J, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy VN, Martinis JM, Neven H, Kelly J, Korotkov AN, Petukhov AG, Barends R. Removing leakage-induced correlated errors in superconducting quantum error correction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1761. [PMID: 33741936 PMCID: PMC7979694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can become excited, creating leakage states that are long-lived and mobile. Particularly for superconducting transmon qubits, this leakage opens a path to errors that are correlated in space and time. Here, we report a reset protocol that returns a qubit to the ground state from all relevant higher level states. We test its performance with the bit-flip stabilizer code, a simplified version of the surface code for quantum error correction. We investigate the accumulation and dynamics of leakage during error correction. Using this protocol, we find lower rates of logical errors and an improved scaling and stability of error suppression with increasing qubit number. This demonstration provides a key step on the path towards scalable quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - D Sank
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - F Arute
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Foxen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - T Huang
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - S Hong
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - S Kim
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - X Mi
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Neill
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - A Paler
- Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - N Redd
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Yao
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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24
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Mi X, Yang YQ, Zeeshan M, Wang ZB, Zeng XY, Zhou Y, Yang BY, Hu LW, Yu HY, Zeng XW, Liu RQ, Dong GH. Serum levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances alternatives and blood pressure by sex status: Isomers of C8 health project in China. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127691. [PMID: 32717511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) alternatives, however, relevant epidemiological findings remain to be performed. In addition, the association between PFASs alternatives and blood pressure has not been explored. To address this gap, we quantified serum levels of alternatives and legacy PFAS in 1273 healthy Chinese, aged 34-94 years, from "isomers of C8 health project". Our results showed that an increase of serum PFASs levels was correlated with elevated blood pressure and higher prevalence of hypertension: per natural log unit (ng/mL) increase of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESA) elevated 1.31 (95%CI: 0.13, 2.50) mmHg of diastolic pressure (DBP). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for hypertension with per natural log increase of 6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFESA were 2.57 (95%CI: 1.86, 3.56) and 1.18 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.32), respectively. When stratified by sex, the effects of PFASs alternatives on increased blood pressure and hypertension were stronger in women. Meanwhile, the association between 6:2 Cl-PFESA (aOR = 6.81; 95%CI: 3.54, 13.09) and hypertension was stronger than perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (aOR = 2.32, 95%CI: 1.38, 3.91) in women. In conclusion, our pilot study demonstrates that serum concentrations of PFASs alternatives are positively associated with blood pressure. Moreover, women seem to be more susceptible, and alternatives exhibited stronger effects than legacy PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mi
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun-Qing Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, USA
| | - Xiao-Yun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Mi X, Zhou S, Zhou Z, Vakili M, Qi Y, Jia Y, Zhu D, Wang W. Adsorptive removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution by magnetic COF: Role of hydroxyl group on COF. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Jiao W, Mi X, Qin Y, Zhao S. Stem Cell Transplantation Improves Ovarian Function through Paracrine Mechanisms. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:347-355. [PMID: 32988352 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200928142333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ovary serves as the source of oocytes for the maintenance of female fertility and is a major supplier of sex hormones for endocrine homeostasis. Various circumstances such as genetic defects, autoimmune disorders, natural aging and environmental toxins can damage the ovaries leading to diminished ovarian function, and there are currently no effective treatment regimens for such loss of function. Stem cells show promise for treating many refractory diseases, and stem cell transplantation has been shown to be effective and safe as a new therapeutic method for ovarian injuries and ovarian aging in both animal models and women with premature ovarian insufficiency. However, the specific mechanisms that underlie the observed positive outcomes of improving ovarian function are not well understood. Evidence is mounting that stem cell-derived conditioned medium, exosomes, and trophic growth factors can also inhibit ovarian damage and alleviate the age-related fertility decline in female mice, indicating that stem cells exert the paracrine effects. Further studies to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms, including signaling pathways, for improving ovarian function and promoting the secretory capacity of stem cells will fill the bench-to-bedside gap of stem cell therapy in the clinic. Furthermore, in-depth analyses of the stem cell secretome and identification of the key effective components will underlie a new paradigm in cell-free therapeutic strategies for ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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27
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Foxen B, Neill C, Dunsworth A, Roushan P, Chiaro B, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Z, Satzinger K, Barends R, Arute F, Arya K, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Boixo S, Buell D, Burkett B, Chen Y, Collins R, Farhi E, Fowler A, Gidney C, Giustina M, Graff R, Harrigan M, Huang T, Isakov SV, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Klimov P, Korotkov A, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Lucero E, McClean J, McEwen M, Mi X, Mohseni M, Mutus JY, Naaman O, Neeley M, Niu M, Petukhov A, Quintana C, Rubin N, Sank D, Smelyanskiy V, Vainsencher A, White TC, Yao Z, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Neven H, Martinis JM. Demonstrating a Continuous Set of Two-Qubit Gates for Near-Term Quantum Algorithms. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:120504. [PMID: 33016760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum algorithms offer a dramatic speedup for computational problems in material science and chemistry. However, any near-term realizations of these algorithms will need to be optimized to fit within the finite resources offered by existing noisy hardware. Here, taking advantage of the adjustable coupling of gmon qubits, we demonstrate a continuous two-qubit gate set that can provide a threefold reduction in circuit depth as compared to a standard decomposition. We implement two gate families: an imaginary swap-like (iSWAP-like) gate to attain an arbitrary swap angle, θ, and a controlled-phase gate that generates an arbitrary conditional phase, ϕ. Using one of each of these gates, we can perform an arbitrary two-qubit gate within the excitation-preserving subspace allowing for a complete implementation of the so-called Fermionic simulation (fSim) gate set. We benchmark the fidelity of the iSWAP-like and controlled-phase gate families as well as 525 other fSim gates spread evenly across the entire fSim(θ,ϕ) parameter space, achieving a purity-limited average two-qubit Pauli error of 3.8×10^{-3} per fSim gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Zijun Chen
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Satzinger
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Buell
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Harrigan
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - S V Isakov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Kechedzhi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Klimov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Korotkov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Kostritsa
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Landhuis
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J McClean
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Niu
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Petukhov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - N Rubin
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - V Smelyanskiy
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T C White
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
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Liu Y, Wang J, Liu L, Xu X, Mi X, Shao M, Chen D, Li S, Xiao M. 1407P Lymphocyte subsets predict clinical outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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29
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Pei L, Wu J, Li J, Mi X, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Y. Effect of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on the risk of neural tube defects associated with a previous spontaneous abortion or maternal first-trimester fever. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1587-1594. [PMID: 31305926 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does maternal periconceptional no folic acid supplementation have an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) associated with previous spontaneous abortion or first-trimester fever? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal periconceptional no folic acid supplementation can increase the risk of NTDs associated with previous spontaneous abortion or first-trimester fever, independent of known confounding factors. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Maternal periconceptional folic acid deficiency can increase the risk of NTDs. However, whether an interaction between periconceptional no folic acid supplementation and history of spontaneous abortion or first-trimester fever may have an increased risk of NTDs remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based case-control study was performed including 104 nuclear families with offspring with NTDs and 100 control families with normal offspring between 1993 and 2002. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We investigated the potential interaction between periconceptional no folic acid use and a maternal history of spontaneous abortion or first-trimester fever in the risk for NTDs. Information on exposure factors was obtained at the onset of pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes were collected during the first week after delivery or at the time of termination of the pregnancy. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The interaction between periconceptional no folic acid use and a maternal history of spontaneous abortion markedly increased the risk of NTDs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 18.68, 95% CI, 4.43-78.76) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The interaction coefficient was found to be 2.08, higher than 1, indicating that there is a significant interaction between two factors. Mothers who did not take periconceptional folic acid and had first-trimester fever had an increased risk of NTDs (aOR 21.81, 95% CI, 8.81-80.73). However, the interaction coefficient was found to be 0.62, less than 1, indicating that there is no significant interaction between two factors. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation was that the interval between the previous spontaneous abortion and the beginning of the subsequent pregnancy could not be estimated accurately, but was at least 1 year or more. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We emphasize that a previous spontaneous abortion may represent a first occurrence of NTDs rather than be the cause of NTDs. Our findings indicate that mothers with a history of spontaneous abortion are ideal candidates for periconceptional folic acid supplementation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41871360) and Danone Nutrition Center for Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Foundation (DIC2015-05). There are no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Pei
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jilei Wu
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Mi X, Lai K, Yan L, Xie S, Qiu X, Xiao S, Wei S. miR-18a expression in basal cell carcinoma and regulatory mechanism on autophagy through mTOR pathway. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:1027-1034. [PMID: 32485050 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin carcinoma. AIM To investigate the function of key micro(mi)RNAs and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved in BCC. METHODS The microarray dataset GSE34535, which comprises seven BCC samples and seven control samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. We collected tissue samples from 20 patients with BCC and 20 healthy controls (HCs), to compare the miR-18a expression in their tissue samples. Expression of miR-18a in A431 and HaCaT cells was also assayed. Following this, we upregulated and downregulated miR-18a expression in A431 cells to examine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. To further investigate the relative mechanism, the proteins LC3, Beclin 1, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. For further verification, we examined the expression of LC3 in the 20 BCC and 20 HC tissue samples. RESULTS In total, 19 DE-miRNAs (13 upregulated and 6 downregulated) that were common to the BCC and HC groups were identified. Levels of miR-18a were about three-fold higher in BCC tissues and A431 cells compared with their respective control groups. In vitro, downregulation of miR-18a was shown to inhibit cell proliferation and activate autophagy via the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, while upregulation of miR-18a promoted proliferation of these cells. LC3 was decreased in BCC compared with HC tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data support an oncogenic role of miR-18a through a novel Akt/mTOR/Beclin 1/LC3 axis, and suggest that the antitumour effects of miR-18a inhibitor may make it suitable for BCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Lai
- Department of, Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Yan
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Xie
- Department of, Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Qiu
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Xiao
- Department of, Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Wei
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Barends R, Quintana CM, Petukhov AG, Chen Y, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Collins R, Naaman O, Boixo S, Arute F, Arya K, Buell D, Burkett B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Foxen B, Fowler A, Gidney C, Giustina M, Graff R, Huang T, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Klimov PV, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Lucero E, McEwen M, Megrant A, Mi X, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, Ostby E, Roushan P, Sank D, Satzinger KJ, Vainsencher A, White T, Yao J, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Neven H, Smelyanskiy VN, Martinis JM. Diabatic Gates for Frequency-Tunable Superconducting Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:210501. [PMID: 31809160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate diabatic two-qubit gates with Pauli error rates down to 4.3(2)×10^{-3} in as fast as 18 ns using frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. This is achieved by synchronizing the entangling parameters with minima in the leakage channel. The synchronization shows a landscape in gate parameter space that agrees with model predictions and facilitates robust tune-up. We test both iswap-like and cphase gates with cross-entropy benchmarking. The presented approach can be extended to multibody operations as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barends
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - R Collins
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Buell
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P V Klimov
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Kostritsa
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Landhuis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Ostby
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Yao
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - John M Martinis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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32
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Wang W, Mi X, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Li C, Hu X, Qi D, Deng S. Novel insights into the competitive adsorption behavior and mechanism of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the anion-exchange resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:655-663. [PMID: 31561082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used and co-exist in various aquatic environments, but their co-removal is not clear. In this study, the competitive adsorption behavior and mechanism of six traditional and emerging PFASs on anion-exchange resin IRA67 in the bisolute and mixed systems were studied. The adsorption equilibrium of the long-chain PFASs was at least 96 h whereas 48 h was required for the short-chain PFASs. When the PFASs were co-removed in the bisolute system, their competition was not obvious at low PFAS concentration of 0.01597 mmol/L due to the relatively adequate adsorption sites. When the concentrations of PFASs were increased to 0.07666 mmol/L, the removal of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) decreased by 77.78% and 72.09%, respectively. The competitive experiments showed that the adsorbed short-chain PFASs could be replaced by the long-chain ones, which was closely related to their hydrophobicity, backbone and functional groups. With the increase of solution pH from 3 to 7, the polyamine groups on the resin IRA67 were transferred to the base forms and the effective adsorption sites decreased, resulting in a more obvious competitive replacement behavior. This study suggested that the PFASs with long chain could be more effectively removed from the coexisting PFASs solution by the anion-exchange resins, and the short-chain PFASs in water may be removed when high dosage of anion-exchange resins is applied or the solution pH is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Chunli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Delin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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33
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Wang W, Mi X, Shi H, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Li C, Zhu D. Adsorption behaviour and mechanism of the PFOS substitute OBS (sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate) on activated carbon. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191069. [PMID: 31598323 PMCID: PMC6774934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was listed as a persistent organic pollutant by the Stockholm Convention. As a typical alternative to PFOS, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has recently been detected in the aquatic environment which has caused great concern. For the first time, the adsorption behaviour and mechanism of OBS on activated carbon (AC) with different physical and chemical properties were investigated. Decreasing the particle size of AC can accelerate its adsorption for OBS, while AC with too small particle size was not conducive to its adsorption capacity due to the destruction of its pore structure during the mechanical crushing process. Intra-particle diffusion had a lesser effect on the adsorption rate of AC with smaller particle size, higher hydrophilicity and larger pore size. Reactivation of AC by KOH can greatly enlarge their pore size and surface area, greatly increasing their adsorption capacities. The adsorption capacity of two kinds of R-GAC exceeded 0.35 mmol g-1, significantly higher than that of other ACs. However, increasing the hydrophilicity of AC would decrease their adsorption capacities. Further investigation indicated that a larger pore size and smaller particle size can greatly enhance the adsorptive removal of OBS on AC in systems with other coexisting PFASs and organic matter due to the reduction of the pore-blocking effect. The spent AC can be successfully regenerated by methanol, and it can be partly regenerated by hot water and NaOH solution. The percentage of regeneration for the spent AC was 70.4% with 90°C water temperature and up to 95% when 5% NaOH was added into the regeneration solution. These findings are very important for developing efficient adsorbents for the removal of these newly emerging PFASs from wastewater and understanding their interfacial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
- Eco-environmental engineering college, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
- Eco-environmental engineering college, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
- Eco-environmental engineering college, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
- Eco-environmental engineering college, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
We study an accumulation mode Si/SiGe double quantum dot (DQD) containing a single electron that is dipole coupled to microwave photons in a superconducting cavity. Measurements of the cavity transmission reveal dispersive features due to the DQD valley states in Si. The occupation of the valley states can be increased by raising the temperature or applying a finite source-drain bias across the DQD, resulting in an increased signal. Using the cavity input-output theory and a four-level model of the DQD, it is possible to efficiently extract valley splittings and the inter- and intravalley tunnel couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Csaba G Péterfalvi
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Guido Burkard
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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35
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Liu YY, Stehlik J, Eichler C, Mi X, Hartke TR, Gullans MJ, Taylor JM, Petta JR. Threshold Dynamics of a Semiconductor Single Atom Maser. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:097702. [PMID: 28949587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.097702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a single atom maser consisting of a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) that is embedded in a high-quality-factor microwave cavity. A finite bias drives the DQD out of equilibrium, resulting in sequential single electron tunneling and masing. We develop a dynamic tuning protocol that allows us to controllably increase the time-averaged repumping rate of the DQD at a fixed level detuning, and quantitatively study the transition through the masing threshold. We further examine the crossover from incoherent to coherent emission by measuring the photon statistics across the masing transition. The observed threshold behavior is in agreement with an existing single atom maser theory when small corrections from lead emission are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Stehlik
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C Eichler
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - X Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - T R Hartke
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J M Taylor
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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36
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Zhang Y, Ruan X, Mi X, Mueck AO. Expression of PGRMC1 in paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017; 10:9639-9643. [PMID: 31966843 PMCID: PMC6965898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can increase the risk of breast cancer, shown especially in the only double-blind placebo-controlled study, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Recent published researches are suggesting that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) expression may explain this result. This study aimed at investigating whether paraffin-embedded tissue could be used in PGRMC1-related trials. Samples from 109 breast cancer patients from years 2008 to 2014 were evaluated for the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progestrone receptor (PR), Ki67 and PGRMC1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our data indicate that the expression of PGRMC1 is stable in paraffin-embedded tissue stored for different years. The IHC score of Erα (X 2 = 4.40, P = 0.11), PR (X 2 = 2.89, P = 0.24) and Ki67 (X 2 = 0.25, P = 0.88) also had no significant different in the paraffin-embedded tissue from different years. Our data suggest that paraffin embedded tissue can be used in PGRMC1-related trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University251 Yaojia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University251 Yaojia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District, China
- University Women’s Hospital of TuebingenGermany
| | - Xin Mi
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of ShunyiBeijing, China
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University251 Yaojia Yuan Road, Chaoyang District, China
- University Women’s Hospital of TuebingenGermany
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37
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Feng Q, Xu M, Yu YY, Hou Y, Mi X, Sun YX, Ma S, Zuo XY, Shao LL, Hou M, Zhang XH, Peng J. High-dose dexamethasone or all-trans-retinoic acid restores the balance of macrophages towards M2 in immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1845-1858. [PMID: 28682499 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essentials M1/M2 imbalance is involved in many autoimmune diseases, and could be restored. The expressions and functions of M1 and M2 were investigated in an in vitro culture system. A preferred M1 polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). High-dose dexamethasone or all-trans-retinoic acid restores M1/M2 balance in ITP patients. SUMMARY Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. Deficiency of immune tolerance in antigen-presenting cells and cross-communication between antigen-presenting cells and T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Macrophages can polarize into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes in response to different environmental stimuli, and have diverse immunologic functions. Objectives To investigate the M1/M2 imbalance in ITP and whether high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) could restore this imbalance. Methods The numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages in the spleens of ITP patients and patients with traumatic spleen rupture were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured and induced with cytokines and drugs. The expression of M1 and M2 markers and functions of M1 and M2 macrophages before and after modulation by HD-DXM or ATRA were evaluated with flow cytometry and ELISA. Results There was preferred M1 polarization in ITP spleens as compared with healthy controls. Monocyte-derived macrophages from ITP patients had increased expression of M1 markers and impaired immunosuppressive functions. Either HD-DXM or ATRA corrected this imbalance by decreasing the expression of M1 markers and increasing the expression of M2 markers. Moreover, HD-DXM-modulated or ATRA-modulated macrophages suppressed both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and expanded CD4+ CD49+ LAG3+ type 1 T-regulatory cells. HD-DXM or ATRA modulated macrophages to shift the T-cell cytokine profile towards Th2. Treating patients with HD-DXM or ATRA revealed that macrophages induced from responders showed a predominant M2-like phenotype and immunosuppressive function. Conclusions Aberrant macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Either HD-DXM or ATRA is able to correct this imbalance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/adverse effects
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/adverse effects
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tretinoin/adverse effects
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Y Y Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y X Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - S Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Y Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - L L Shao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - J Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mi X, Cady JV, Zajac DM, Deelman PW, Petta JR. Strong coupling of a single electron in silicon to a microwave photon. Science 2017; 355:156-158. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - J. V. Cady
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - D. M. Zajac
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - P. W. Deelman
- HRL Laboratories LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, CA 90265, USA
| | - J. R. Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Zhang C, Mi X, Tsuei J, Chung S, Rashid H, Janks E, Mendez J. Engaging Medical Students and Families of Children with Disabilities in Patient-Centered Education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xjep.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Lü Y, Chen X, Cheng L, Mi X, Xu X, Deng W, Zhang Y, Wang N, Li J, Li Y, Wang X. Effects of JIP3 on epileptic seizures: Evidence from temporal lobe epilepsy patients, kainic-induced acute seizures and pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled seizures. Neuroscience 2015; 300:314-24. [PMID: 26002316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), also known as JNK stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1), is a scaffold protein mainly involved in the regulation of the pro-apoptotic signaling cascade mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Overexpression of JIP3 in neurons in vitro has been reported to lead to accelerated activation of JNK and enhanced apoptosis response to cellular stress. However, the occurrence and the functional significance of stress-induced modulations of JIP3 levels in vivo remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of JIP3 in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse model of epileptic seizures, and determined whether down-regulation of JIP3 can decrease susceptibility to seizures and neuron damage induced by KA. We found that JIP3 was markedly increased in TLE patients and a mouse model of epileptic seizures; mice underexpressing JIP3 through lentivirus bearing LV-Letm1-RNAi showed decreased susceptibility, delayed first seizure and decreased seizure duration response to the epileptogenic properties of KA. Subsequently, a decreased activation of JNK following seizure induction was observed in mice underexpressing JIP3, which also exhibited less neuronal apoptosis in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, as assessed three days after KA administration. We also found that mice underexpressing JIP3 exhibited a delayed pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Fuling Central Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Lü
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - W Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - N Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang N, Mi X, Gao B, Gu J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang X. Minocycline inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2014; 287:144-56. [PMID: 25541249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that brain inflammation mediated by glial cells may contribute to epileptogenesis. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline and has potent antiinflammatory effects independent of its antimicrobial action. The present study aimed to investigate whether minocycline could exert antiepileptogenic effects in a rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The temporal patterns of microglial and astrocytic activation were examined in the hippocampal CA1 and the adjacent cortex following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). These findings displayed that SE caused acute and persistent activation of microglia and astrocytes. Based on these findings, Minocycline was administered once daily at 45 mg/kg for 14 days following SE. Six weeks after termination of minocycline treatment, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were recorded by continuous video monitoring. Minocycline inhibited the SE-induced microglial activation and the increased production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampal CA1 and the adjacent cortex, without affecting astrocytic activation. In addition, Minocycline prevented the SE-induced neuronal loss in the brain regions examined. Moreover, minocycline significantly reduced the frequency, duration, and severity of SRS during the two weeks monitoring period. These results demonstrated that minocycline could mitigate SE-induced brain inflammation and might exert disease-modifying effects in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These findings offer new insights into deciphering the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis and exploring a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - B Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.
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Tan G, Zhu N, Shi Z, Meng Z, Yu M, Li K, Yin J, Wei K, Mi X, Wang L. Anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) antibodies are not related to the occurrence of cutaneous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:150-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.928946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhao S, Deng J, Wang Y, Bi S, Wang X, Qin W, Huang Z, Li L, Mi X, Han L, Chang Q, Li J. Experience and levels of satisfaction with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in China: a prospective multicenter survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 8:1449-55. [PMID: 25364235 PMCID: PMC4211859 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s68299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although surveys conducted in Western countries have shown that the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS; Mirena(®)) is well accepted by European women, its acceptance by Chinese women is not yet clearly known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences and levels of satisfaction with Mirena among Chinese women living in 12 different cities. METHODS In total, 1,021 women who attended 21 medical centers for insertion of Mirena were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their contraceptive decision at baseline (preinsertion), and two further questionnaires on their experience and satisfaction with Mirena at 3-6 months and 1 year after insertion. RESULTS At baseline, 36% of women self-reported heavy or very heavy menstrual bleeding, while 41% reported normal bleeding. The majority of women (98%) were satisfied with the preinsertion counseling, during which contraceptive reliability was identified as the most important reason for considering Mirena. Continuation rates for Mirena were 99% at 3-6 months and 93% at 12 months after insertion, and most women (92% and 93%, respectively) had less bleeding at these times. The percentage of women who rated Mirena as better than their previous contraceptive method was 63%. Overall, around 90% of respondents were very satisfied or rather satisfied with Mirena, and 64% stated that they would recommend it to their friends. CONCLUSION These data suggest that continuation and satisfaction rates with Mirena were very high, and that the device is well accepted by Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Deng
- Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Bi
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Qin
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zirong Huang
- The Affiliated Women’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Mi
- Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shunyi District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Southwest Hospital, Chongqing City, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Li, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251 Yaojia Yuan Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 5227 5418, Fax +86 10 5227 5418, Email
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Gao N, Yoon GS, Liu X, Mi X, Chen W, Standiford TJ, Yu FSX. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of differentially expressed genes in flagellin-pretreated mouse corneal epithelial cells in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of S100A8/A9. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:993-1005. [PMID: 23340821 PMCID: PMC3722258 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin induces profound mucosal innate protection against infections by modifying gene expression. Taking advantage of easily procurable epithelial cell population, this study is the first report to use genome-wide cDNA microarray approach to document genes associated with flagellin-induced protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Infection altered the expression of 675 genes (497 up and 178 down), while flagellin pretreatment followed by infection resulted in a great increase in 890 gene upregulated and 37 genes downregulated. Comparing these two groups showed 209 differentially expressed genes (157 up, 52 down). Notably, among 114 genes categorized as defense related, S100A8/A9 are the two most highly induced genes by flagellin, and their expression in the corneal was confirmed by realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry. Neutralization of S100A8 and, to a less extent, A9, resulted in significantly increased bacterial burden and severe keratitis. Collectively, our study identifies many differentially expressed genes by flagellin in CECs in response to Pseudomonas. These novel gene expression signatures provide new insights and clues into the nature of protective mechanisms established by flagellin and new therapeutic targets for reducing inflammation and for controlling microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - G Sang Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - W Chen
- Genomic Core Lab of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - TJ Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - F-SX Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Dong X, Xu X, Miao J, Li L, Zhang D, Mi X, Liu C, Tian X, Melchinger AE, Chen S. Fine mapping of qhir1 influencing in vivo haploid induction in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2013; 126:1713-20. [PMID: 23539086 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of haploids by the in vivo haploid induction method has now become routine for generating new inbred lines in maize. In previous studies, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) (qhir1) located in bin 1.04 was detected, explaining up to 66 % of the genotypic variance for haploid induction rate (HIR). Our objectives were to (1) fine-map qhir1 and (2) identify closely linked markers useful for marker-assisted breeding of new inducers. For this purpose, we screened a mapping population of 14,375 F2 plants produced from a cross between haploid inducer UH400 and non-inducer line 1680 to identify recombinants. Based on sequence information from the B73 reference genome, markers polymorphic between the two parents were developed to conduct fine mapping with these recombinants. A progeny test mapping strategy was applied to accurately determine the HIR of the 14 recombinants identified. Furthermore, F3 progeny of recombinant F2 plants were genotyped and in parallel evaluated for HIR. We corroborated earlier studies in that qhir1 has both a significantly positive effect on HIR but also a strong selective disadvantage, as indicated by significant segregation distortion. Altogether, we were able to narrow down the qhir1 locus to a 243 kb region flanked by markers X291 and X263.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Brown C, Burslem DFRP, Illian JB, Bao L, Brockelman W, Cao M, Chang LW, Dattaraja HS, Davies S, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Huang J, Kassim AR, Lafrankie JV, Lian J, Lin L, Ma K, Mi X, Nathalang A, Noor S, Ong P, Sukumar R, Su SH, Sun IF, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Yap SL, Ye W, Law R. Multispecies coexistence of trees in tropical forests: spatial signals of topographic niche differentiation increase with environmental heterogeneity. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130502. [PMID: 23782876 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral and niche theories give contrasting explanations for the maintenance of tropical tree species diversity. Both have some empirical support, but methods to disentangle their effects have not yet been developed. We applied a statistical measure of spatial structure to data from 14 large tropical forest plots to test a prediction of niche theory that is incompatible with neutral theory: that species in heterogeneous environments should separate out in space according to their niche preferences. We chose plots across a range of topographic heterogeneity, and tested whether pairwise spatial associations among species were more variable in more heterogeneous sites. We found strong support for this prediction, based on a strong positive relationship between variance in the spatial structure of species pairs and topographic heterogeneity across sites. We interpret this pattern as evidence of pervasive niche differentiation, which increases in importance with increasing environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brown
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.
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Qiu L, Zhang L, Zhu L, Yang D, Li Z, Qin K, Mi X. PI3K/Akt mediates expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB in calyculin A-treated primary osteoblasts. Oral Dis 2009; 14:727-33. [PMID: 19193202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of calyculin A (CA), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in primary osteoblasts was investigated to determine whether protein phosphatases could affect primary osteoblasts and if so which signaling pathways would be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary osteoblasts were prepared from newborn rat calvaria. Cells were treated with 1 nM CA for different time periods. The expressions of TNF-alpha and GAPDH mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and the activation of Akt and NF-kappaB were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Calyculin A-treatment markedly increased the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and enhanced the phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473) in these cells. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of Akt in response to CA. Western blot analysis showed that CA stimulated the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in primary osteoblasts, and these responses were blocked by pretreatment with LY294002. CONCLUSION Calyculin A elicits activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which leads to expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB. This NF-kappaB activation involves both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Fu P, Jiang Q, Mi X, Yu Z. Rayleigh-type nondegenerate four-wave mixing: ultrafast measurement and field correlation. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:113902. [PMID: 11909402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2001] [Revised: 10/16/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on an ultrafast longitudinal time measurement by a nonresonant Rayleigh-type nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM). We investigated the field-correlation effects on Rayleigh-type NFWM by examining the time-delayed dependence of the NFWM spectra. Based on the field-correlation effects, a time-delayed method is proposed to suppress the thermal effect, and ultrafast relaxation time can be measured even in an absorbing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panming Fu
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics & Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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