1
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Ramsey K, Britt M, Maramba J, Ushijima B, Moller E, Anishkin A, Häse C, Sukharev S. The dynamic hypoosmotic response of Vibrio cholerae relies on the mechanosensitive channel mechanosensitive channel of small conductance. iScience 2024; 27:110001. [PMID: 38868203 PMCID: PMC11167432 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae adapts to osmotic down-shifts by releasing metabolites through two mechanosensitive (MS) channels, low-threshold MscS and high-threshold MscL. To investigate each channel's contribution to the osmotic response, we generated ΔmscS, ΔmscL, and double ΔmscL ΔmscS mutants in V. cholerae O395. We characterized their tension-dependent activation in patch-clamp, and the millisecond-scale osmolyte release kinetics using a stopped-flow light scattering technique. We additionally generated numerical models describing osmolyte and water fluxes. We illustrate the sequence of events and define the parameters that characterize discrete phases of the osmotic response. Survival is correlated to the extent of cell swelling, the rate of osmolyte release, and the completeness of post-shock membrane resealing. Not only do the two channels interact functionally, but there is also an up-regulation of MscS in the ΔmscL strain, suggesting transcriptional crosstalk. The data reveal the role of MscS in the termination of the osmotic permeability response in V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Ramsey
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madolyn Britt
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Maramba
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Blake Ushijima
- Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Elissa Moller
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Häse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Wu X, Shang T, Lü X, Luo D, Yang D. A monomeric structure of human TMEM63A protein. Proteins 2024; 92:750-756. [PMID: 38217391 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OSCA/TMEM63 is a newly identified family of mechanically activated (MA) ion channels in plants and animals, respectively, which convert physical forces into electrical signals or trigger intracellular cascades and are essential for eukaryotic physiology. OSCAs and related TMEM16s and transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins form homodimers with two pores. However, the molecular architecture of the mammalian TMEM63 proteins remains unclear. Here we elucidate the structure of human TMEM63A in the presence of calcium by single particle cryo-EM, revealing a distinct monomeric architecture containing eleven transmembrane helices. It has structural similarity to the single subunit of the Arabidopsis thaliana OSCA proteins. We locate the ion permeation pathway within the monomeric configuration and observe a nonprotein density resembling lipid. These results lay a foundation for understanding the structural organization of OSCA/TMEM63A family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Shang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Lü
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Kumar D, Gayen A, Chandra M. Membrane Permeability Dominates over Electrostatic Interactions in Dictating Drug Transport in Osmotically Shocked Escherichia coli. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4911-4921. [PMID: 38736363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
To combat surging multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, better strategies to improve the efficacy of existing drugs are critical. Because the dual membrane cell envelope is the first line of defense for these bacteria, it is crucial to understand the permeation properties of the drugs through it. Our recent study shows that isosmotic conditions prevent drug permeation inside Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, while hypoosmotic stress enhances the process. Here, we unravel the reason behind such differential drug penetration. Specifically, we dissect the roles of electrostatic screening and low membrane permeability in the penetration failure of drugs under osmotically balanced conditions. We compare the transport of a quaternary ammonium compound malachite green in the presence of an electrolyte (NaCl) and a wide variety of commonly used organic osmolytes, e.g., sucrose, proline, glycerol, sorbitol, and urea. These osmolytes of different membrane permeability (i.e., nonpermeable sucrose and NaCl, freely permeable urea and glycerol, and partially permeable proline and sorbitol) clarify the role of osmotic stress in cell envelope permeability. The results showcase that under balanced osmotic conditions, drug molecules fail to penetrate inside E. coli cells because of low membrane permeabilities and not because of electrostatic screening imposed by the osmolytes. Contribution of the electrostatic interactions, however, cannot be completely overruled as at osmotically imbalanced conditions, drug transport across the bacterial subcellular compartments is found to be dependent on the osmolytes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Excellence: Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Lee J, Jha K, Harper CE, Zhang W, Ramsukh M, Bouklas N, Dörr T, Chen P, Hernandez CJ. Determining the Young's Modulus of the Bacterial Cell Envelope. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2956-2966. [PMID: 38593061 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria experience substantial physical forces in their natural environment, including forces caused by osmotic pressure, growth in constrained spaces, and fluid shear. The cell envelope is the primary load-carrying structure of bacteria, but the mechanical properties of the cell envelope are poorly understood; reports of Young's modulus of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli range from 2 to 18 MPa. We developed a microfluidic system to apply mechanical loads to hundreds of bacteria at once and demonstrated the utility of the approach for evaluating whole-cell stiffness. Here, we extend this technique to determine Young's modulus of the cell envelope of E. coli and of the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus. An optimization-based inverse finite element analysis was used to determine the cell envelope Young's modulus from observed deformations. The Young's modulus values of the cell envelope were 2.06 ± 0.04 MPa for E. coli, 0.84 ± 0.02 MPa for E. coli treated with a chemical (A22) known to reduce cell stiffness, 0.12 ± 0.03 MPa for V. cholerae, and 1.52 ± 0.06 MPa for S. aureus (mean ± SD). The microfluidic approach allows examination of hundreds of cells at once and is readily applied to Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms as well as rod-shaped and cocci cells, allowing further examination of the structural causes behind differences in cell envelope Young's modulus among bacterial species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Lee
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Karan Jha
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine E Harper
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Malissa Ramsukh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tobias Dörr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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5
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Zhang M, Tang S, Wang X, Fang S, Li Y. Mechanosensitive channel MscL gating transitions coupling with constriction point shift. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4965. [PMID: 38501596 PMCID: PMC10949393 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) acts as an "emergency release valve" that protects bacterial cells from acute hypoosmotic stress, and it serves as a paradigm for studying the mechanism underlying the transduction of mechanical forces. MscL gating is proposed to initiate with an expansion without opening, followed by subsequent pore opening via a number of intermediate substates, and ends in a full opening. However, the details of gating process are still largely unknown. Using in vivo viability assay, single channel patch clamp recording, cysteine cross-linking, and tryptophan fluorescence quenching approach, we identified and characterized MscL mutants with different occupancies of constriction region in the pore domain. The results demonstrated the shifts of constriction point along the gating pathway towards cytoplasic side from residue G26, though G22, to L19 upon gating, indicating the closed-expanded transitions coupling of the expansion of tightly packed hydrophobic constriction region to conduct the initial ion permeation in response to the membrane tension. Furthermore, these transitions were regulated by the hydrophobic and lipidic interaction with the constricting "hot spots". Our data reveal a new resolution of the transitions from the closed to the opening substate of MscL, providing insights into the gating mechanisms of MscL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of MedicineJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
- School of Life ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Siyang Tang
- School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of MedicineJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Sanhua Fang
- Core FacilitiesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuezhou Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of MedicineJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
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6
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Segeritz P, Kolesnik K, Scott DJ, Collins DJ. Quantitative mechanical stimulation of GPR68 using a novel 96 well flow plugin. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1616-1625. [PMID: 38288761 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive proteins play a crucial role in a range of physiological processes, including hearing, tactile sensation and regulating blood flow. While previous work has demonstrated the mechanosensitivity of several proteins, the ability to apply precisely defined mechanical forces to cells in a consistent, replicable manner remains a significant challenge. In this work we present a novel 96-well plate-compatible plugin device for generating highly-controlled flow-based mechanical simulation of cells, which enables quantitative assessment of mechanosensitive protein function. The device is used to mechanically stimulate HEK 293T cells expressing the mechanosensitive protein GPR68, a G protein-coupled receptor. By assaying intracellular calcium levels during flow-based cell stimulation, we determine that GPR68 signalling is a function of the applied shear-force. As this approach is compatible with conventional cell culture plates and allows for simultaneous readout in a conventional fluorescence plate reader, this represents a valuable new tool to investigate mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Segeritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Daniel J Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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7
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Monterroso B, Margolin W, Boersma AJ, Rivas G, Poolman B, Zorrilla S. Macromolecular Crowding, Phase Separation, and Homeostasis in the Orchestration of Bacterial Cellular Functions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1899-1949. [PMID: 38331392 PMCID: PMC10906006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and the energy status, influences the structure of the cytoplasm and thereby indirectly macromolecular function. Notably, crowding also promotes the formation of biomolecular condensates by phase separation, initially identified in eukaryotic cells but more recently discovered to play key functions in bacteria. Bacterial cells require a variety of mechanisms to maintain physicochemical homeostasis, in particular in environments with fluctuating conditions, and the formation of biomolecular condensates is emerging as one such mechanism. In this work, we connect physicochemical homeostasis and macromolecular crowding with the formation and function of biomolecular condensates in the bacterial cell and compare the supramolecular structures found in bacteria with those of eukaryotic cells. We focus on the effects of crowding and phase separation on the control of bacterial chromosome replication, segregation, and cell division, and we discuss the contribution of biomolecular condensates to bacterial cell fitness and adaptation to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Monterroso
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - William Margolin
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth-Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Arnold J. Boersma
- Cellular
Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Germán Rivas
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Zorrilla
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Britt M, Moller E, Maramba J, Anishkin A, Sukharev S. MscS inactivation and recovery are slow voltage-dependent processes sensitive to interactions with lipids. Biophys J 2024; 123:195-209. [PMID: 38098232 PMCID: PMC10808034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channel MscS, the major bacterial osmolyte release valve, shows a characteristic adaptive behavior. With a sharp onset of activating tension the channel population readily opens, but under prolonged action of moderate tension it inactivates. The inactivated state is non-conductive and tension insensitive, which suggests that the gate becomes uncoupled from the lipid-facing domains. Because the distinct opening and inactivation transitions are both driven from the closed state by tension transmitted through the lipid bilayer, here we explore how mutations of two conserved positively charged lipid anchors, R46 and R74, affect 1) the rates of opening and inactivation and 2) the voltage dependences of these transitions. Previously estimated kinetic rates for opening-closing transitions in wild-type MscS at low voltages were 3-6 orders of magnitude higher than the rates for inactivation and recovery. Here we show that MscS activation exhibits a shallow nearly symmetric dependence on voltage, whereas inactivation is substantially augmented and recovery is slowed down by depolarization. Conversely, hyperpolarization impedes inactivation and speeds up recovery. Mutations of R46 and R74 anchoring the lipid-facing helices to the inner interface to an aromatic residue (W) do not substantially change the activation energy and closing rates, but instead change the kinetics of both inactivation and recovery and essentially eliminate their voltage dependence. Uncharged polar substitutions (S or Q) for these anchors produce functional channels but increase the inactivation and reduce the recovery rates. The data clearly delineate the activation-closing and the inactivation-recovery pathways and strongly suggest that only the latter involves extensive rearrangements of the protein-lipid boundary associated with the uncoupling of the lipid-facing helices from the gate. The discovery that hyperpolarization robustly assists MscS recovery suggests that membrane potential is one of the factors that regulates osmolyte release valves by putting them either on "ready" or "standby" based on the cell's metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madolyn Britt
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Elissa Moller
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Joseph Maramba
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Instiute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
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9
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Kumar D, Gayen A, Chandra M. Hypo-osmotic Stress Increases Permeability of Individual Barriers in Escherichia coli Cell Envelope, Enabling Rapid Drug Transport. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2471-2481. [PMID: 37950691 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Survival of foodborne Gram-negative bacteria during osmotic stress often leads to multidrug resistance development. However, despite the concern, how osmoadaptation alters drug penetration across the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope has remained inconclusive for years. Here, we have investigated drug permeation and accumulation inside hypo-osmotically shocked Escherichia coli. Three different quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are used as cationic amine-containing drug representatives; they also serve as envelope permeability indicators in different assays. Propidium iodide fluorescence reveals cytoplasmic accumulation and overall envelope permeability, while crystal violet sorption and second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy reveal periplasmic accumulation and outer membrane permeability. Malachite green sorption and SHG results reveal transport across both the outer and inner membranes and accumulation in the periplasm as well as cytoplasm. The findings are found to be complementary to one another, collectively revealing enhanced permeabilities of both membranes and the periplasmic space in response to hypo-osmotic stress in E. coli. Enhanced permeability leads to faster QACs transport and higher accumulation in subcellular compartments, whereas transport and accumulation both are negligible under isosmotic conditions. The QACs' transport rates are found to be highly influenced by the osmolytes used, where phosphate ion emerges as a key facilitator of transport across the periplasm into the cytoplasm. E. coli is found viable, with morphology unchanged under extreme hypo-osmotic stress; i.e., it adapts to the situation. The outcome shows that the hypo-osmotic shock to E. coli, specifically using phosphate as an osmolyte, can be beneficial for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Excellence: Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Ramsey K, Britt M, Maramba J, Ushijima B, Moller E, Anishkin A, Hase C, Sukharev S. The dynamic hypoosmotic response of Vibrio cholerae relies on the mechanosensitive channel MscS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539864. [PMID: 37214804 PMCID: PMC10197554 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Like other intestinal bacteria, the facultative pathogen Vibrio cholerae adapts to a wide range of osmotic environments. Under drastic osmotic down-shifts, Vibrio avoids mechanical rupture by rapidly releasing excessive metabolites through mechanosensitive (MS) channels that belong to two major types, low-threshold MscS and high-threshold MscL. To investigate each channel individual contribution to V. cholerae osmotic permeability response, we generated individual ΔmscS, ∆mscL, and double ΔmscL ΔmscS mutants in V. cholerae O395 and characterized their tension-dependent activation in patch-clamp experiments, as well as their millisecond-scale osmolyte release kinetics using a stopped-flow light scattering technique. We additionally generated numerical models reflecting the kinetic competition of osmolyte release with water influx. Both mutants lacking MscS exhibited delayed osmolyte release kinetics and decreased osmotic survival rates compared to WT. The ΔmscL mutant showed comparable release kinetics to WT, but a higher osmotic survival, while ΔmscS had low survival, comparable to the double ΔmscL ΔmscS mutant. By analyzing release kinetics following rapid medium dilution, we illustrate the sequence of events and define the set of parameters that characterize discrete phases of the osmotic response. Osmotic survival rates are directly correlated to the extent and duration of cell swelling, the rate of osmolyte release and the onset time, and the completeness of the post-shock membrane resealing. Not only do the two channels interact functionally during the resealing phase, but there is also a compensatory up-regulation of MscS in the ΔmscL strain suggesting some transcriptional crosstalk. The data reveal the advantage of the low-threshold MscS channel in curbing tension surges, without which MscL becomes toxic, and the role of MscS in the proper termination of the osmotic permeability response in Vibrio.
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11
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Cheng D, Wang J, Yao M, Cox CD. Joining forces: crosstalk between mechanosensitive PIEZO1 ion channels and integrin-mediated focal adhesions. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1897-1906. [PMID: 37772664 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Both integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs) and mechanosensitive ion channels such as PIEZO1 are critical in mechanotransduction processes that influence cell differentiation, development, and cancer. Ample evidence now exists for regulatory crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 channels with the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remaining unclear. However, an emerging picture is developing based on spatial crosstalk between FAs and PIEZO1 revealing a synergistic model involving the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and calcium-dependent signaling. Already cell type, cell contractility, integrin subtypes and ECM composition have been shown to regulate this crosstalk, implying a highly fine-tuned relationship between these two major mechanosensing systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area, highlight the physiological implications of this crosstalk and identify gaps in our knowledge that will improve our understanding of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine Cheng
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junfan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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12
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Zhang Z, Ye F, Xiong T, Chen J, Cao J, Chen Y, Liu S. Origin, evolution and diversification of plant mechanosensitive channel of small conductance-like (MSL) proteins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37794319 PMCID: PMC10552396 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide efficient molecular mechanism for transducing mechanical forces into intracellular ion fluxes in all kingdoms of life. The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) was one of the best-studied MS channels and its homologs (MSL, MscS-like) were widely distributed in cell-walled organisms. However, the origin, evolution and expansion of MSL proteins in plants are still not clear. Here, we identified more than 2100 MSL proteins from 176 plants and conducted a broad-scale phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree showed that plant MSL proteins were divided into three groups (I, II and III) prior to the emergence of chlorophytae algae, consistent with their specific subcellular localization. MSL proteins were distributed unevenly into each of plant species, and four parallel expansion was identified in angiosperms. In Brassicaceae, most MSL duplicates were derived by whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplications. Finally, a hypothetical evolutionary model of MSL proteins in plants was proposed based on phylogeny. Our studies illustrate the evolutionary history of the MSL proteins and provide a guide for future functional diversity analyses of these proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yurui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Sushuang Liu
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Abstract
The metabolism of a bacterial cell stretches beyond its boundaries, often connecting with the metabolism of other cells to form extended metabolic networks that stretch across communities, and even the globe. Among the least intuitive metabolic connections are those involving cross-feeding of canonically intracellular metabolites. How and why are these intracellular metabolites externalized? Are bacteria simply leaky? Here I consider what it means for a bacterium to be leaky, and I review mechanisms of metabolite externalization from the context of cross-feeding. Despite common claims, diffusion of most intracellular metabolites across a membrane is unlikely. Instead, passive and active transporters are likely involved, possibly purging excess metabolites as part of homeostasis. Re-acquisition of metabolites by a producer limits the opportunities for cross-feeding. However, a competitive recipient can stimulate metabolite externalization and initiate a positive-feedback loop of reciprocal cross-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McKinlay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
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14
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Ramirez VI, Wray R, Blount P, King MD. The Effects of Airflow on the Mechanosensitive Channels of Escherichia coli MG1655 and the Impact of Survival Mechanisms Triggered. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2236. [PMID: 37764080 PMCID: PMC10534522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how bacteria respond to ventilated environments is a crucial concept, especially when considering accurate airflow modeling and detection limits. To properly design facilities for aseptic conditions, we must minimize the parameters for pathogenic bacteria to thrive. Identifying how pathogenic bacteria continue to survive, particularly due to their multi-drug resistance characteristics, is necessary for designing sterile environments and minimizing pathogen exposure. A conserved characteristic among bacterial organisms is their ability to maintain intracellular homeostasis for survival and growth in hostile environments. Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are one of the characteristics that guide this phenomenon. Interestingly, during extreme stress, bacteria will forgo favorable homeostasis to execute fast-acting survival strategies. Physiological sensors, such as MS channels, that trigger this survival mechanism are not clearly understood, leaving a gap in how bacteria translate physical stress to an intracellular response. In this paper, we study the role of mechanosensitive ion channels that are potentially triggered by aerosolization. We hypothesize that change in antimicrobial uptake is affected by aerosolization stress. Bacteria regulate their defense mechanisms against antimicrobials, which leads to varying susceptibility. Based on this information we hypothesize that aerosolization stress affects the antimicrobial resistance defense mechanisms of Escherichia coli (E. coli). We analyzed the culturability of knockout E. coli strains with different numbers of mechanosensitive channels and compared antibiotic susceptibility under stressed and unstressed airflow conditions. As a result of this study, we can identify how the defensive mechanisms of resistant bacteria are triggered for their survival in built environments. By changing ventilation airflow velocity and observing the change in antibiotic responses, we show how pathogenic bacteria respond to ventilated environments via mechanosensitive ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette I. Ramirez
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Robin Wray
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Paul Blount
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria D. King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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15
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Harper CE, Zhang W, Lee J, Shin JH, Keller MR, van Wijngaarden E, Chou E, Wang Z, Dörr T, Chen P, Hernandez CJ. Mechanical stimuli activate gene expression via a cell envelope stress sensing pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13979. [PMID: 37633922 PMCID: PMC10460444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive mechanisms are often used to sense damage to tissue structure, stimulating matrix synthesis and repair. While this kind of mechanoregulatory process is well recognized in eukaryotic systems, it is not known whether such a process occurs in bacteria. In Vibrio cholerae, antibiotic-induced damage to the load-bearing cell wall promotes increased signaling by the two-component system VxrAB, which stimulates cell wall synthesis. Here we show that changes in mechanical stress within the cell envelope are sufficient to stimulate VxrAB signaling in the absence of antibiotics. We applied mechanical forces to individual bacteria using three distinct loading modalities: extrusion loading within a microfluidic device, direct compression and hydrostatic pressure. In all cases, VxrAB signaling, as indicated by a fluorescent protein reporter, was increased in cells submitted to greater magnitudes of mechanical loading, hence diverse forms of mechanical stimuli activate VxrAB signaling. Reduction in cell envelope stiffness following removal of the endopeptidase ShyA led to large increases in cell envelope deformation and substantially increased VxrAB response, further supporting the responsiveness of VxrAB. Our findings demonstrate a mechanosensitive gene regulatory system in bacteria and suggest that mechanical signals may contribute to the regulation of cell wall homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Harper
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Junsung Lee
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan R Keller
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ellen van Wijngaarden
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Emily Chou
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tobias Dörr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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16
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Ozu M, Galizia L, Alvear-Arias JJ, Fernández M, Caviglia A, Zimmermann R, Guastaferri F, Espinoza-Muñoz N, Sutka M, Sigaut L, Pietrasanta LI, González C, Amodeo G, Garate JA. Mechanosensitive aquaporins. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:497-513. [PMID: 37681084 PMCID: PMC10480384 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular systems must deal with mechanical forces to satisfy their physiological functions. In this context, proteins with mechanosensitive properties play a crucial role in sensing and responding to environmental changes. The discovery of aquaporins (AQPs) marked a significant breakthrough in the study of water transport. Their transport capacity and regulation features make them key players in cellular processes. To date, few AQPs have been reported to be mechanosensitive. Like mechanosensitive ion channels, AQPs respond to tension changes in the same range. However, unlike ion channels, the aquaporin's transport rate decreases as tension increases, and the molecular features of the mechanism are unknown. Nevertheless, some clues from mechanosensitive ion channels shed light on the AQP-membrane interaction. The GxxxG motif may play a critical role in the water permeation process associated with structural features in AQPs. Consequently, a possible gating mechanism triggered by membrane tension changes would involve a conformational change in the cytoplasmic extreme of the single file region of the water pathway, where glycine and histidine residues from loop B play a key role. In view of their transport capacity and their involvement in relevant processes related to mechanical forces, mechanosensitive AQPs are a fundamental piece of the puzzle for understanding cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ozu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Galizia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Alvear-Arias
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Caviglia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Zimmermann
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Guastaferri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Present Address: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Espinoza-Muñoz
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Moira Sutka
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Sigaut
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lía Isabel Pietrasanta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos González
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Present Address: Molecular Bioscience Department, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Antonio Garate
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia y Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, 7750000 Santiago, Chile
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17
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Thompson J, Barr C, Babcock-Adams L, Bird L, La Cava E, Garber A, Hongoh Y, Liu M, Nealson KH, Okamoto A, Repeta D, Suzuki S, Tacto C, Tashjian M, Merino N. Insights into the physiological and genomic characterization of three bacterial isolates from a highly alkaline, terrestrial serpentinizing system. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1179857. [PMID: 37520355 PMCID: PMC10373932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1179857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial serpentinite-hosted ecosystem known as "The Cedars" is home to a diverse microbial community persisting under highly alkaline (pH ~ 12) and reducing (Eh < -550 mV) conditions. This extreme environment presents particular difficulties for microbial life, and efforts to isolate microorganisms from The Cedars over the past decade have remained challenging. Herein, we report the initial physiological assessment and/or full genomic characterization of three isolates: Paenibacillus sp. Cedars ('Paeni-Cedars'), Alishewanella sp. BS5-314 ('Ali-BS5-314'), and Anaerobacillus sp. CMMVII ('Anaero-CMMVII'). Paeni-Cedars is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, mesophilic facultative anaerobe that grows between pH 7-10 (minimum pH tested was 7), temperatures 20-40°C, and 0-3% NaCl concentration. The addition of 10-20 mM CaCl2 enhanced growth, and iron reduction was observed in the following order, 2-line ferrihydrite > magnetite > serpentinite ~ chromite ~ hematite. Genome analysis identified genes for flavin-mediated iron reduction and synthesis of a bacillibactin-like, catechol-type siderophore. Ali-BS5-314 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, mesophilic, facultative anaerobic alkaliphile that grows between pH 10-12 and temperatures 10-40°C, with limited growth observed 1-5% NaCl. Nitrate is used as a terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions, which was corroborated by genome analysis. The Ali-BS5-314 genome also includes genes for benzoate-like compound metabolism. Anaero-CMMVII remained difficult to cultivate for physiological studies; however, growth was observed between pH 9-12, with the addition of 0.01-1% yeast extract. Anaero-CMMVII is a probable oxygen-tolerant anaerobic alkaliphile with hydrogenotrophic respiration coupled with nitrate reduction, as determined by genome analysis. Based on single-copy genes, ANI, AAI and dDDH analyses, Paeni-Cedars and Ali-BS5-314 are related to other species (P. glucanolyticus and A. aestuarii, respectively), and Anaero-CMMVII represents a new species. The characterization of these three isolates demonstrate the range of ecophysiological adaptations and metabolisms present in serpentinite-hosted ecosystems, including mineral reduction, alkaliphily, and siderophore production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Thompson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Casey Barr
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lydia Babcock-Adams
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Lina Bird
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eugenio La Cava
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arkadiy Garber
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Yuichi Hongoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Nealson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akihiro Okamoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel Repeta
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Shino Suzuki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Clarissa Tacto
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Tashjian
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Merino
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
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18
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Zhang M, Shan Y, Cox CD, Pei D. A mechanical-coupling mechanism in OSCA/TMEM63 channel mechanosensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3943. [PMID: 37402734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are a ubiquitous type of molecular force sensor sensing forces from the surrounding bilayer. The profound structural diversity in these channels suggests that the molecular mechanisms of force sensing follow unique structural blueprints. Here we determine the structures of plant and mammalian OSCA/TMEM63 proteins, allowing us to identify essential elements for mechanotransduction and propose roles for putative bound lipids in OSCA/TMEM63 mechanosensation. Briefly, the central cavity created by the dimer interface couples each subunit and modulates dimeric OSCA/TMEM63 channel mechanosensitivity through the modulating lipids while the cytosolic side of the pore is gated by a plug lipid that prevents the ion permeation. Our results suggest that the gating mechanism of OSCA/TMEM63 channels may combine structural aspects of the 'lipid-gated' mechanism of MscS and TRAAK channels and the calcium-induced gating mechanism of the TMEM16 family, which may provide insights into the structural rearrangements of TMEM16/TMC superfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yuanyue Shan
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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19
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Sharma A, Anishkin A, Sukharev S, Vanegas JM. Tight hydrophobic core and flexible helices yield MscL with a high tension gating threshold and a membrane area mechanical strain buffer. Front Chem 2023; 11:1159032. [PMID: 37292176 PMCID: PMC10244533 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1159032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanosensitive (MS) channel of large conductance, MscL, is the high-tension threshold osmolyte release valve that limits turgor pressure in bacterial cells in the event of drastic hypoosmotic shock. Despite MscL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TbMscL) being the first structurally characterized MS channel, its protective mechanism of activation at nearly-lytic tensions has not been fully understood. Here, we describe atomistic simulations of expansion and opening of wild-type (WT) TbMscL in comparison with five of its gain-of-function (GOF) mutants. We show that under far-field membrane tension applied to the edge of the periodic simulation cell, WT TbMscL expands into a funnel-like structure with trans-membrane helices bent by nearly 70°, but does not break its 'hydrophobic seal' within extended 20 μs simulations. GOF mutants carrying hydrophilic substitutions in the hydrophobic gate of increasing severity (A20N, V21A, V21N, V21T and V21D) also quickly transition into funnel-shaped conformations but subsequently fully open within 1-8 μs. This shows that solvation of the de-wetted (vapor-locked) constriction is the rate-limiting step in the gating of TbMscL preceded by area-buffering silent expansion. Pre-solvated gates in these GOF mutants reduce this transition barrier according to hydrophilicity and the most severe V21D eliminates it. We predict that the asymmetric shape-change of the periplasmic side of the channel during the silent expansion provides strain-buffering to the outer leaflet thus re-distributing the tension to the inner leaflet, where the gate resides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Juan M. Vanegas
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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20
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Britt M, Moller E, Maramba J, Anishkin A, Sukharev S. MscS inactivation and recovery are slow voltage-dependent processes sensitive to interactions with lipids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539870. [PMID: 37215046 PMCID: PMC10197514 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channel MscS, the major bacterial osmolyte release valve, shows a characteristic adaptive behavior. With a sharp onset of activating tension, the channel population readily opens, but under prolonged action of moderate near-threshold tension, it inactivates. The inactivated state is non-conductive and tension-insensitive, which suggests that the gate gets uncoupled from the lipid-facing domains. The kinetic rates for tension-driven opening-closing transitions are 4-6 orders of magnitude higher than the rates for inactivation and recovery. Here we show that inactivation is augmented and recovery is slowed down by depolarization. Hyperpolarization, conversely, impedes inactivation and speeds up recovery. We then address the question of whether protein-lipid interactions may set the rates and influence voltage dependence of inactivation and recovery. Mutations of conserved arginines 46 and 74 anchoring the lipid-facing helices to the inner membrane leaflet to tryptophans do not change the closing transitions, but instead change the kinetics of both inactivation and recovery and essentially eliminate their voltage-dependence. Uncharged polar substitutions (S or Q) for these anchors produce functional channels but increase the inactivation and reduce the recovery rates. The data suggest that it is not the activation and closing transitions, but rather the inactivation and recovery pathways that involve substantial rearrangements of the protein-lipid boundary associated with the separation of the lipid-facing helices from the gate. The discovery that hyperpolarization robustly assists MscS recovery indicates that membrane potential can regulate osmolyte release valves by putting them either on the 'ready' or 'standby' mode depending on the cell's metabolic state.
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21
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Maymand VM, Bavi O, Karami A. Probing the mechanical properties of ORF3a protein, a transmembrane channel of SARS-CoV-2 virus: Molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys 2023; 569:111859. [PMID: 36852417 PMCID: PMC9946729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-encoded accessory protein ORF3a was found to be a conserved coronavirus protein that shows crucial roles in apoptosis in cells as well as in virus release and replications. To complete the knowledge and identify the unknown of this protein, further comprehensive research is needed to clarify the leading role of ORF3a in the functioning of the coronavirus. One of the efficient approaches to determining the functionality of this protein is to investigate the mechanical properties and study its structural dynamics in the presence of physical stimuli. Herein, performing all-atom steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, the mechanical properties of the force-bearing components of the ORF3a channel are calculated in different physiological conditions. As variations occurring in ORF3a may lead to alteration in protein structure and function, the G49V mutation was also simulated to clarify the relationship between the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the protein by comparing the behavior of the wild-type and mutant Orf3a. From a physiological conditions point of view, it was observed that in the solvated system, the presence of water molecules reduces Young's modulus of TM1 by ∼30 %. Our results also show that by substitution of Gly49 with valine, Young's modulus of the whole helix increases from 1.61 ± 0.20 to 2.08 ± 0.15 GPa, which is consistent with the calculated difference in free energy of wild-type and mutant helices. In addition to finding a way to fight against Covid-19 disease, understanding the mechanical behavior of these biological nanochannels can lead to the development of the potential applications of the ORF3a protein channel, such as tunable nanovalves in smart drug delivery systems, nanofilters in the new generation of desalination systems, and promising applications in DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Bavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Huang Q, Zhu W, Gao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Nanoparticles-mediated ion channels manipulation: From their membrane interactions to bioapplications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114763. [PMID: 36841331 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins ubiquitously expressed in all cells that control various ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- etc) crossing cellular plasma membrane, which play critical roles in physiological processes including regulating signal transduction, cell proliferation as well as excitatory cell excitation and conduction. Abnormal ion channel function is usually associated with dysfunctions and many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, ophthalmic diseases, pulmonary diseases and even cancers. The precise regulation of ion channels not only helps to decipher physiological and pathological processes, but also is expected to become cutting-edge means for disease treatment. Recently, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel manipulation emerges as a highly promising way to meet the increasing requirements with respect to their simple, efficient, precise, spatiotemporally controllable and non-invasive regulation in biomedicine and other research frontiers. Thanks the advantages of their unique properties, nanoparticles can not only directly block the pore sites or kinetics of ion channels through their tiny size effect, and perturb active voltage-gated ion channel by their charged surface, but they can also act as antennas to conduct or enhance external physical stimuli to achieve spatiotemporal, precise and efficient regulation of various ion channel activities (e.g. light-, mechanical-, and temperature-gated ion channels etc). So far, nanoparticles-mediated ion channel regulation has shown potential prospects in many biomedical fields at the interfaces of neuro- and cardiovascular modulation, physiological function regeneration and tumor therapy et al. Towards such important fields, in this typical review, we specifically outline the latest studies of different types of ion channels and their activities relevant to the diseases. In addition, the different types of stimulation responsive nanoparticles, their interaction modes and targeting strategies towards the plasma membrane ion channels will be systematically summarized. More importantly, the ion channel regulatory methods mediated by functional nanoparticles and their bioapplications associated with physiological modulation and therapeutic development will be discussed. Last but not least, current challenges and future perspectives in this field will be covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weisheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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23
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Dienes B, Bazsó T, Szabó L, Csernoch L. The Role of the Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel in the Musculoskeletal System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076513. [PMID: 37047487 PMCID: PMC10095409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recent discovery of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels, many studies have addressed the role of the channel in various physiological or even pathological processes of different organs. Although the number of studies on their effects on the musculoskeletal system is constantly increasing, we are still far from a precise understanding. In this review, the knowledge available so far regarding the musculoskeletal system is summarized, reviewing the results achieved in the field of skeletal muscles, bones, joints and cartilage, tendons and ligaments, as well as intervertebral discs.
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24
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Han Y, Jiang N, Xu H, Yuan Z, Xiu J, Mao S, Liu X, Huang J. Extracellular Matrix Rigidities Regulate the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Antibiotic Resistance of Three-Dimensionally Confined Bacterial Microcolonies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206153. [PMID: 36658695 PMCID: PMC10037996 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a major cause of clinical chronic infection, microbial biofilms/microcolonies in host tissues essentially live in 3D-constrained microenvironments, which potentially modulate their spatial self-organization and morphodynamics. However, it still remains unclear whether and how mechanical cues of 3D confined microenvironments, for example, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, exert an impact on antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms/microcolonies. With a high-throughput antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) platform, it is revealed that 3D ECM rigidities greatly modulate their resistance to diverse antibiotics. The microcolonies in 3D ECM with human tissue-specific rigidities varying from 0.5 to 20 kPa show a ≈2-10 000-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration, depending on the types of antibiotics. The authors subsequently identified that the increase in 3D ECM rigidities leads to the downregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is responsible for enhanced antibiotic resistance. Further, it is shown that fumarate, as a potentiator of TCA cycle activity, can alleviate the elevated antibiotic resistance and thus remarkably improve the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial microcolonies in 3D confined ECM, as confirmed in the chronic infection mice model. These findings suggest fumarate can be employed as an antibiotic adjuvant to effectively treat infections induced by bacterial biofilms/microcolonies in a 3D-confined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Han
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Jidong Xiu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Premature InfantsFifth Central Hospital of TianjinTianjin300450China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyCollege of EngineeringPeking University100871BeijingChina
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25
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Wang X, Wu H, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Lu Z. Global transcriptional and translational regulation of Sphingomonas melonis TY in response to hyperosmotic stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115014. [PMID: 36549482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress is one of the most ubiquitous stress factors in microbial habitats and impairs the efficiency of bacteria performing vital biochemical tasks. Sphingomonas serves as a 'superstar' of plant defense and pollutant degradation, and is widely existed in the environment. However, it is still unclear that how Sphingomonas sp. survives under hyperosmotic stress conditions. In this study, multiomics profiling analysis was conducted with S. melonis TY under hyperosmotic conditions to investigate the intracellular hyperosmotic responses. The transcriptome and proteome revealed that sensing systems, including most membrane protein coding genes were upregulated, genes related to two-component systems were tiered adjusted to reset the whole system, other stress response regulators such as sigma-70 were also significantly tiered upregulated. In addition, transport systems together with compatible solute biosynthesis related genes were significantly upregulated to accumulate intracellular nutrients and compatible solutes. When treated with hyperosmotic stress, redox-stress response systems were triggered and mechanosensitive channels together with ion transporters were induced to maintain cellular ion homeostasis. In addition, cellular concentration of c-di-guanosine monophosphate synthetase (c-di-GMP) was reduced, followed by negative influences on genes involved in flagellar assembly and chemotaxis pathways, leading to severe damage to the athletic ability of S. melonis TY, and causing detachments of biofilms. Briefly, this research revealed a comprehensive response mechanism of S. melonis TY exposure to hyperosmotic stress, and emphasized that flagellar assembly and biofilm formation were vulnerable to hyperosmotic conditions. Importance. Sphingomonas, a genus with versatile functions survives extensively, lauded for its prominent role in plant protection and environmental remediation. Current evidence shows that hyperosmotic stress as a ubiquitous environmental factor, usually threatens the survival of microbes and thus impairs the efficiency of their environmental functions. Thus, it is essential to explore the cellular responses to hyperosmotic stress. Hence, this research will greatly enhance our understanding of the global transcriptional and translational regulation of S. melonis TY in response to hyperosmotic stress, leading to broader perspectives on the impacts of stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lvjing Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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26
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Regulation of membrane protein structure and function by their lipid nano-environment. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:107-122. [PMID: 36056103 PMCID: PMC9892264 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins comprise ~30% of the mammalian proteome, mediating metabolism, signalling, transport and many other functions required for cellular life. The microenvironment of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) is intrinsically different from that of cytoplasmic proteins, with IMPs solvated by a compositionally and biophysically complex lipid matrix. These solvating lipids affect protein structure and function in a variety of ways, from stereospecific, high-affinity protein-lipid interactions to modulation by bulk membrane properties. Specific examples of functional modulation of IMPs by their solvating membranes have been reported for various transporters, channels and signal receptors; however, generalizable mechanistic principles governing IMP regulation by lipid environments are neither widely appreciated nor completely understood. Here, we review recent insights into the inter-relationships between complex lipidomes of mammalian membranes, the membrane physicochemical properties resulting from such lipid collectives, and the regulation of IMPs by either or both. The recent proliferation of high-resolution methods to study such lipid-protein interactions has led to generalizable insights, which we synthesize into a general framework termed the 'functional paralipidome' to understand the mutual regulation between membrane proteins and their surrounding lipid microenvironments.
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27
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Park YC, Reddy B, Bavi N, Perozo E, Faraldo-Gómez JD. State-specific morphological deformations of the lipid bilayer explain mechanosensitive gating of MscS ion channels. eLife 2023; 12:81445. [PMID: 36715097 PMCID: PMC9925053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The force-from-lipids hypothesis of cellular mechanosensation posits that membrane channels open and close in response to changes in the physical state of the lipid bilayer, induced for example by lateral tension. Here, we investigate the molecular basis for this transduction mechanism by studying the mechanosensitive ion channel MscS from Escherichia coli and its eukaryotic homolog MSL1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. First, we use single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of a novel open conformation of wild-type MscS, stabilized in a thinned lipid nanodisc. Compared with the closed state, the structure shows a reconfiguration of helices TM1, TM2, and TM3a, and widening of the central pore. Based on these structures, we examined how the morphology of the membrane is altered upon gating, using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations reveal that closed-state MscS causes drastic protrusions in the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer, both in the absence and presence of lateral tension, and for different lipid compositions. These deformations arise to provide adequate solvation to hydrophobic crevices under the TM1-TM2 hairpin, and clearly reflect a high-energy conformation for the membrane, particularly under tension. Strikingly, these protrusions are largely eradicated upon channel opening. An analogous computational study of open and closed MSL1 recapitulates these findings. The gating equilibrium of MscS channels thus appears to be dictated by opposing conformational preferences, namely those of the lipid membrane and of the protein structure. We propose a membrane deformation model of mechanosensation, which posits that tension shifts the gating equilibrium towards the conductive state not because it alters the mode in which channel and lipids interact, but because it increases the energetic cost of the morphological perturbations in the membrane required by the closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yein Christina Park
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Bharat Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Navid Bavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Eduardo Perozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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28
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Ma S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xie H, Tong Q, Yu K, Yang J. Dynamic Interactions Between Brilliant Green and MscL Investigated by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202106. [PMID: 36251739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanosensitive ion channel of large conductance (MscL) is a promising template for the development of new antibiotics due to its high conservation and uniqueness to microbes. Brilliant green (BG), a triarylmethane dye, has been identified as a new antibiotic targeted MscL. However, the detailed binding sites to MscL and the dynamic pathway of BG through the MscL channel remain unknown. Here, the dynamic interactions between BG and MscL were investigated using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecule dynamics (MD) simulations. Residue site-specific binding sites of BG to the MscL channel were identified by solid-state NMR. In addition, MD simulations revealed that BG conducts through the MscL channel via residues along the inner surface of the pore sequentially, in which the strong hydrophobic interactions between BG and hydrophobic residues F23 and I27 in the hydrophobic gate region of the MscL channel are major restrictions. Particularly, it was demonstrated that BG activates the MscL channel by reducing the hydrophobicity of the F23 in the gate region by water molecules that are bound to BG. Taken together, these simulations and experimental data provide novel insights into the dynamic interactions between BG and MscL, based on which new hydrophobic antibiotics and adjuvants targeting MscL can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ma
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Huayong Xie
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Tong
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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29
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Radin I, Richardson RA, Haswell ES. Moss PIEZO homologs have a conserved structure, are ubiquitously expressed, and do not affect general vacuole function. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2015893. [PMID: 34951344 PMCID: PMC8920221 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2015893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The PIEZO protein family was first described in animals where these mechanosensitive calcium channels perform numerous essential functions, including the perception of light touch, shear, and compressive forces. PIEZO homologs are present in most eukaryotic lineages and recently we reported that two PIEZO homologs from moss Physcomitrium patens localize to the vacuolar membrane and modulate its morphology in tip-growing caulonemal cells. Here we show that predicted structures of both PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 are very similar to that of mouse Piezo2. Furthermore, we show that both moss PIEZO genes are ubiquitously expressed in moss vegetative tissues and that they are not required for normal vacuolar pH or intracellular osmotic potential. These results suggest that moss PIEZO proteins are widely expressed mechanosensory calcium channels that serve a signaling rather than maintenance role in vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Radin
- Department of Biology, MSC 1137‐154‐314, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Ryan A. Richardson
- Department of Biology, MSC 1137‐154‐314, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Elizabeth S. Haswell
- Department of Biology, MSC 1137‐154‐314, Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
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30
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Advances and recent insights into the gating mechanisms of the mechanically-activated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
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32
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Flegler VJ, Rasmussen T, Böttcher B. How Functional Lipids Affect the Structure and Gating of Mechanosensitive MscS-like Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315071. [PMID: 36499396 PMCID: PMC9739000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to cope with and adapt to changes in the environment is essential for all organisms. Osmotic pressure is a universal threat when environmental changes result in an imbalance of osmolytes inside and outside the cell which causes a deviation from the normal turgor. Cells have developed a potent system to deal with this stress in the form of mechanosensitive ion channels. Channel opening releases solutes from the cell and relieves the stress immediately. In bacteria, these channels directly sense the increased membrane tension caused by the enhanced turgor levels upon hypoosmotic shock. The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance, MscS, from Escherichia coli is one of the most extensively studied examples of mechanically stimulated channels. Different conformational states of this channel were obtained in various detergents and membrane mimetics, highlighting an intimate connection between the channel and its lipidic environment. Associated lipids occupy distinct locations and determine the conformational states of MscS. Not all these features are preserved in the larger MscS-like homologues. Recent structures of homologues from bacteria and plants identify common features and differences. This review discusses the current structural and functional models for MscS opening, as well as the influence of certain membrane characteristics on gating.
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33
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Wang J, Blount P. Feeling the Tension: The Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channel MscL as a Model System and Drug Target. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Mount J, Maksaev G, Summers BT, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Yuan P. Structural basis for mechanotransduction in a potassium-dependent mechanosensitive ion channel. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6904. [PMID: 36371466 PMCID: PMC9653487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channels of small conductance, found in many living organisms, open under elevated membrane tension and thus play crucial roles in biological response to mechanical stress. Amongst these channels, MscK is unique in that its activation also requires external potassium ions. To better understand this dual gating mechanism by force and ligand, we elucidate distinct structures of MscK along the gating cycle using cryo-electron microscopy. The heptameric channel comprises three layers: a cytoplasmic domain, a periplasmic gating ring, and a markedly curved transmembrane domain that flattens and expands upon channel opening, which is accompanied by dilation of the periplasmic ring. Furthermore, our results support a potentially unifying mechanotransduction mechanism in ion channels depicted as flattening and expansion of the transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mount
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Grigory Maksaev
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Brock T. Summers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - James A. J. Fitzpatrick
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
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Czech L, Gertzen C, Smits SHJ, Bremer E. Guilty by association: importers, exporters and
MscS
‐type mechanosensitive channels encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters for the stress‐protectant ectoine. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5306-5331. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Czech
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Christoph Gertzen
- Center for Structural Studies (CSS) Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Center for Structural Studies (CSS) Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
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36
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Xiong H, Yang J, Guo J, Ma A, Wang B, Kang Y. Mechanosensitive Piezo channels mediate the physiological and pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system. Respir Res 2022; 23:196. [PMID: 35906615 PMCID: PMC9338466 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive Piezo ion channels were first reported in 2010 in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, opening up a new field for studying the composition and function of eukaryotic mechanically activated channels. During the past decade, Piezo ion channels were identified in many species, such as bacteria, Drosophila, and mammals. In mammals, basic life activities, such as the sense of touch, proprioception, hearing, vascular development, and blood pressure regulation, depend on the activation of Piezo ion channels. Cumulative evidence suggests that Piezo ion channels play a major role in lung vascular development and function and diseases like pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, apnea, and other lung-related diseases. In this review, we focused on studies that reported specific functions of Piezos in tissues and emphasized the physiological and pathological effects of their absence or functional mutations on the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Aijia Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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37
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Delmas P, Parpaite T, Coste B. PIEZO channels and newcomers in the mammalian mechanosensitive ion channel family. Neuron 2022; 110:2713-2727. [PMID: 35907398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Many ion channels have been described as mechanosensitive according to various criteria. Most broadly defined, an ion channel is called mechanosensitive if its activity is controlled by application of a physical force. The last decade has witnessed a revolution in mechanosensory physiology at the molecular, cellular, and system levels, both in health and in diseases. Since the discovery of the PIEZO proteins as prototypical mechanosensitive channel, many proteins have been proposed to transduce mechanosensory information in mammals. However, few of these newly identified candidates have all the attributes of bona fide, pore-forming mechanosensitive ion channels. In this perspective, we will cover and discuss new data that have advanced our understanding of mechanosensation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Delmas
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France.
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France
| | - Bertrand Coste
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France
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38
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Wray R, Wang J, Blount P, Iscla I. Activation of a Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channel, MscL, Underlies the Membrane Permeabilization of Dual-Targeting Antibacterial Compounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070970. [PMID: 35884223 PMCID: PMC9312261 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is a serious and worsening threat to human health worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics that can avert it. One possible solution is the development of compounds that possess multiple modes of action, requiring at least two mutations to acquire resistance. Compound SCH-79797 both avoids resistance and has two mechanisms of action: one inhibiting the folate pathway, and a second described as “membrane permeabilization”; however, the mechanism by which membranes from bacterial cells, but not the host, are disrupted has remained mysterious. The opening of the bacterial mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, MscL, which ordinarily serves the physiological role of osmotic emergency release valves gated by hypoosmotic shock, has been previously demonstrated to affect bacterial membrane permeabilization. MscL allows the rapid permeabilization of both ions and solutes through the opening of the largest known gated pore, which has a diameter of 30 Å. We found that SCH-79797 and IRS-16, a more potent derivative, directly bind to the MscL channel and produce membrane permeabilization as a result of its activation. These findings suggest that possessing or adding an MscL-activating component to an antibiotic compound could help to lower toxicity and evade antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wray
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Junmei Wang
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (P.B.); (I.I.)
| | - Paul Blount
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (P.B.); (I.I.)
| | - Irene Iscla
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (P.B.); (I.I.)
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Sidarta M, Baruah L, Wenzel M. Roles of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channels in Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070770. [PMID: 35890069 PMCID: PMC9322971 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria accumulate osmolytes to prevent cell dehydration during hyperosmotic stress. A sudden change to a hypotonic environment leads to a rapid water influx, causing swelling of the protoplast. To prevent cell lysis through osmotic bursting, mechanosensitive channels detect changes in turgor pressure and act as emergency-release valves for the ions and osmolytes, restoring the osmotic balance. This adaptation mechanism is well-characterized with respect to the osmotic challenges bacteria face in environments such as soil or an aquatic habitat. However, mechanosensitive channels also play a role during infection, e.g., during host colonization or release into environmental reservoirs. Moreover, recent studies have proposed roles for mechanosensitive channels as determinants of antibiotic susceptibility. Interestingly, some studies suggest that they serve as entry gates for antimicrobials into cells, enhancing antibiotic efficiency, while others propose that they play a role in antibiotic-stress adaptation, reducing susceptibility to certain antimicrobials. These findings suggest different facets regarding the relevance of mechanosensitive channels during infection and antibiotic exposure as well as illustrate that they may be interesting targets for antibacterial chemotherapy. Here, we summarize the recent findings on the relevance of mechanosensitive channels for bacterial infections, including transitioning between host and environment, virulence, and susceptibility to antimicrobials, and discuss their potential as antibacterial drug targets.
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40
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Miller K, Strychalski W, Nickaeen M, Carlsson A, Haswell ES. In vitro experiments and kinetic models of Arabidopsis pollen hydration mechanics show that MSL8 is not a simple tension-gated osmoregulator. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2921-2934.e3. [PMID: 35660140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pollen, a neighbor-less cell containing the male gametes, undergoes mechanical challenges during plant sexual reproduction, including desiccation and rehydration. It was previously shown that the pollen-specific mechanosensitive ion channel MscS-like (MSL)8 is essential for pollen survival during hydration and proposed that it functions as a tension-gated osmoregulator. Here, we test this hypothesis with a combination of mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments. Time-lapse imaging revealed that wild-type pollen grains swell, and then they stabilize in volume rapidly during hydration. msl8 mutant pollen grains, however, continue to expand and eventually burst. We found that a mathematical model, wherein MSL8 acts as a simple-tension-gated osmoregulator, does not replicate this behavior. A better fit was obtained from variations of the model, wherein MSL8 inactivates independent of its membrane tension gating threshold or MSL8 strengthens the cell wall without osmotic regulation. Experimental and computational testing of several perturbations, including hydration in an osmolyte-rich solution, hyper-desiccation of the grains, and MSL8-YFP overexpression, indicated that the cell wall strengthening model best simulated experimental responses. Finally, the expression of a nonconducting MSL8 variant did not complement the msl8 overexpansion phenotype. These data indicate that contrary to our hypothesis and to the current understanding of MS ion channel function in bacteria, MSL8 does not act as a simple membrane tension-gated osmoregulator. Instead, they support a model wherein ion flux through MSL8 is required to alter pollen cell wall properties. These results demonstrate the utility of pollen as a cellular scale model system and illustrate how mathematical models can correct intuitive hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Miller
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wanda Strychalski
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masoud Nickaeen
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Anders Carlsson
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Miles L, Powell J, Kozak C, Song Y. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Axonal Growth, and Regeneration. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584221088575. [PMID: 35414308 PMCID: PMC9556659 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli by converting those stimuli into biological signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is essential in diverse cellular functions, including tissue development, touch sensitivity, pain, and neuronal pathfinding. In the search for key players of mechanotransduction, several families of ion channels were identified as being mechanosensitive and were demonstrated to be activated directly by mechanical forces in both the membrane bilayer and the cytoskeleton. More recently, Piezo ion channels were discovered as a bona fide mechanosensitive ion channel, and its characterization led to a cascade of research that revealed the diverse functions of Piezo proteins and, in particular, their involvement in neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Miles
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Powell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Casey Kozak
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Peña Ccoa WJ, Hocky GM. Assessing models of force-dependent unbinding rates via infrequent metadynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:125102. [PMID: 35364872 PMCID: PMC8957391 DOI: 10.1063/5.0081078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–ligand interactions are crucial for a wide range of physiological processes. Many cellular functions result in these non-covalent “bonds” being mechanically strained, and this can be integral to proper cellular function. Broadly, two classes of force dependence have been observed—slip bonds, where the unbinding rate increases, and catch bonds, where the unbinding rate decreases. Despite much theoretical work, we cannot predict for which protein–ligand pairs, pulling coordinates, and forces a particular rate dependence will appear. Here, we assess the ability of MD simulations combined with enhanced sampling techniques to probe the force dependence of unbinding rates. We show that the infrequent metadynamics technique correctly produces both catch and slip bonding kinetics for model potentials. We then apply it to the well-studied case of a buckyball in a hydrophobic cavity, which appears to exhibit an ideal slip bond. Finally, we compute the force-dependent unbinding rate of biotin–streptavidin. Here, the complex nature of the unbinding process causes the infrequent metadynamics method to begin to break down due to the presence of unbinding intermediates, despite the use of a previously optimized sampling coordinate. Allowing for this limitation, a combination of kinetic and free energy computations predicts an overall slip bond for larger forces consistent with prior experimental results although there are substantial deviations at small forces that require further investigation. This work demonstrates the promise of predicting force-dependent unbinding rates using enhanced sampling MD techniques while also revealing the methodological barriers that must be overcome to tackle more complex targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen M. Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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43
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In Silico Screen Identifies a New Family of Agonists for the Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channel MscL. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040433. [PMID: 35453186 PMCID: PMC9030384 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MscL is a highly conserved mechanosensitive channel found in the majority of bacterial species, including pathogens. It functions as a biological emergency release valve, jettisoning solutes from the cytoplasm upon acute hypoosmotic stress. It opens the largest known gated pore and has been heralded as an antibacterial target. Although there are no known endogenous ligands, small compounds have recently been shown to specifically bind to and open the channel, leading to decreased cell growth and viability. Their binding site is at the cytoplasmic/membrane and subunit interfaces of the protein, which has been recently been proposed to play an essential role in channel gating. Here, we have targeted this pocket using in silico screening, resulting in the discovery of a new family of compounds, distinct from other known MscL-specific agonists. Our findings extended the study of this functional region, the progression of MscL as a viable drug target, and demonstrated the power of in silico screening for identifying and improving the design of MscL agonists.
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Chen X, Wang Y, Li Y, Lu X, Chen J, Li M, Wen T, Liu N, Chang S, Zhang X, Yang X, Shen Y. Cryo-EM structure of the human TACAN in a closed state. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110445. [PMID: 35235791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TACAN is an ion channel-like protein that may be involved in sensing mechanical pain. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopic structure of human TACAN (hTACAN). hTACAN forms a dimer in which each protomer consists of a transmembrane globular domain (TMD) containing six helices and an intracellular domain (ICD) containing two helices. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that each protomer contains a putative ion conduction pore. A single-point mutation of the key residue Met207 greatly increases membrane pressure-activated currents. In addition, each hTACAN subunit binds one cholesterol molecule. Our data show the molecular assembly of hTACAN and suggest that wild-type hTACAN is in a closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuhang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shenghai Chang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Abstract
Written by someone who has worked in the mechanobiology field for close to 40 years, this commentary describes some historical background to the recent award of one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine to Ardem Patapoutian for his discovery of the family of mechanosensitive Piezo ion channels, which function as mechanoreceptors feeling the environment in senses such as touch, pain, and proprioception.
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46
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Sorzabal-Bellido I, Barbieri L, Beckett AJ, Prior IA, Susarrey-Arce A, Tiggelaar RM, Fothergill J, Raval R, Diaz Fernandez YA. Effect of Local Topography on Cell Division of Staphylococcus spp. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040683. [PMID: 35215010 PMCID: PMC8877970 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering is a promising strategy to limit or prevent the formation of biofilms. The use of topographic cues to influence early stages of biofilm formationn has been explored, yet many fundamental questions remain unanswered. In this work, we develop a topological model supported by direct experimental evidence, which is able to explain the effect of local topography on the fate of bacterial micro-colonies of Staphylococcus spp. We demonstrate how topological memory at the single-cell level, characteristic of this genus of Gram-positive bacteria, can be exploited to influence the architecture of micro-colonies and the average number of surface anchoring points over nano-patterned surfaces, formed by vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays that can be reliably produced on a commercial scale, providing an excellent platform to investigate the effect of topography on the early stages of Staphylococcus spp. colonisation. The surfaces are not intrinsically antimicrobial, yet they delivered a topography-based bacteriostatic effect and a significant disruption of the local morphology of micro-colonies at the surface. The insights from this work could open new avenues towards designed technologies for biofilm engineering and prevention, based on surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioritz Sorzabal-Bellido
- Surface Science Research Centre and Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (I.S.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luca Barbieri
- Surface Science Research Centre and Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (I.S.-B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Alison J. Beckett
- Biomedical Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.J.B.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Biomedical Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.J.B.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanne Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre and Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (I.S.-B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (Y.A.D.F.)
| | - Yuri A. Diaz Fernandez
- Surface Science Research Centre and Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (I.S.-B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (Y.A.D.F.)
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47
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Earley S, Santana LF, Lederer WJ. The Physiological Sensor Channels TRP and Piezo: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1153-1158. [PMID: 35129367 PMCID: PMC8917909 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00057.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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48
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Microbial cell surface engineering for high-level synthesis of bio-products. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 55:107912. [PMID: 35041862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell surface layers, which mainly include the cell membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane, capsules, S-layers, pili, and flagella, control material exchange between the cell and the extracellular environment, and have great impact on production titers and yields of various bio-products synthesized by microbes. Recent research work has made exciting achievements in metabolic engineering using microbial cell surface components as novel regulation targets without direct modifications of the metabolic pathways of the desired products. This review article will summarize the accomplishments obtained in this emerging field, and will describe various engineering strategies that have been adopted in bacteria and yeasts for the enhancement of mass transfer across the cell surface, improvement of protein expression and folding, modulation of cell size and shape, and re-direction of cellular resources, all of which contribute to the construction of more efficient microbial cell factories toward the synthesis of a variety of bio-products. The existing problems and possible future directions will also be discussed.
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Immadisetty K, Polasa A, Shelton R, Moradi M. Elucidating the molecular basis of spontaneous activation in an engineered mechanosensitive channel. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2539-2550. [PMID: 35685356 PMCID: PMC9156883 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) detects and responds to changes in the pressure profile of cellular membranes and transduces the mechanical energy into electrical and/or chemical signals. MscL can be activated using ultrasonic or chemical activation methods to improve the absorption of medicines and bioactive compounds into cells. However, re-engineering chemical signals such as pH change can trigger channel activation in MscL. This study elucidates the activation mechanism of an engineered MscL at an atomic level through a combination of equilibrium and non-equilibrium (NE) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Comparing the wild-type (WT) and engineered MscL activation processes suggests that the two systems are likely associated with different active states and different transition pathways. These findings indicate that (1) periplasmic loops play a key role in the activation process of MscL, (2) the loss of various backbone-backbone hydrogen bonds and salt bridge interactions in the engineered MscL channel causes the spontaneous opening of the channel, and (3) the most significant interactions lost during the activation process are between the transmembrane helices 1 and 2 in engineered MscL channel. The orientation-based biasing approach for producing and optimizing an open MscL model used in this work is a promising way to characterize unknown protein functional states and investigate the activation processes in ion channels and transmembrane proteins in general. This work paves the way for a computational framework for engineering more efficient pH-sensing mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Immadisetty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Adithya Polasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Reid Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
- Corresponding author.
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Wray R, Iscla I, Blount P. Curcumin activation of a bacterial mechanosensitive channel underlies its membrane permeability and adjuvant properties. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010198. [PMID: 34941967 PMCID: PMC8769312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, has been shown to have antibacterial properties. It has several physiological effects on bacteria including an apoptosis-like response involving RecA, membrane permeabilization, inhibiting septation, and it can also work synergistically with other antibiotics. The mechanism by which curcumin permeabilizes the bacterial membrane has been unclear. Most bacterial species contain a Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, MscL, which serves the function of a biological emergency release valve; these large-pore channels open in response to membrane tension from osmotic shifts and, to avoid cell lysis, allow the release of solutes from the cytoplasm. Here we show that the MscL channel underlies the membrane permeabilization by curcumin as well as its synergistic properties with other antibiotics, by allowing access of antibiotics to the cytoplasm; MscL also appears to have an inhibitory role in septation, which is enhanced when activated by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wray
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Irene Iscla
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Blount
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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