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Yu M, Song T, Yu J, Cao H, Pan X, Qi Z, Du Y, Liu W, Liu Y. UvVelC is important for conidiation and pathogenicity in the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. Virulence 2024; 15:2301243. [PMID: 38240294 PMCID: PMC10802205 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut disease is one of the most significant rice diseases worldwide. Ustilaginoidea virens is the causative agent of this disease. Although several developmental and pathogenic genes have been identified and functionally analyzed, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of U. virens remain elusive. The velvet family regulatory proteins are involved in fungal development, conidiation, and pathogenicity. In this study, we demonstrated the function of the VelC homolog UvVELC in U. virens. We identified the velvet family protein UvVELC and characterized its functions using a target gene deletion-strategy. Deletion of UvVELC resulted in conidiation failure and pathogenicity. The UvVELC expression levels during infection suggested that this gene might be involved in the early infection process. UvVELC is also important in resistance to abiotic stresses, the utilization efficiency of glucose, stachyose, raffinose, and other sugars, and the expression of transport-related genes. Moreover, UvVELC could physically interact with UvVEA in yeast, and UvVELC/UvVEA double-knockout mutants also failed in conidiation and pathogenicity. These results indicate that UvVELC play a critical role in the conidiation and pathogenicity in U. virens. Functional analysis indicated that UvVELC-mediated conidiation and nutrient acquisition from rice regulates the pathogenicity of U. virens. Understanding the function of the UvVELC homolog could provide a potential molecular target for controlling rice false smut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianqiao Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiayan Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Insistant of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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2
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Pan Q, Lv T, Xu H, Fang H, Li M, Zhu J, Wang Y, Fan X, Xu P, Wang X, Wang Q, Matsumoto H, Wang M. Gut pathobiome mediates behavioral and developmental disorders in biotoxin-exposed amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100415. [PMID: 38577706 PMCID: PMC10992726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and adverse health outcomes in the hosts exposed to environmental pollutants. Yet, the causal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we show that exposure to biotoxins can affect gut pathobiome assembly in amphibians, which in turn triggers the toxicity of exogenous pollutants. We used Xenopus laevis as a model in this study. Tadpoles exposed to tropolone demonstrated notable developmental impairments and increased locomotor activity, with a reduction in total length by 4.37%-22.48% and an increase in swimming speed by 49.96%-84.83%. Fusobacterium and Cetobacterium are predominant taxa in the gut pathobiome of tropolone-exposed tadpoles. The tropolone-induced developmental and behavioral disorders in the host were mediated by assembly of the gut pathobiome, leading to transcriptome reprogramming. This study not only advances our understanding of the intricate interactions between environmental pollutants, the gut pathobiome, and host health but also emphasizes the potential of the gut pathobiome in mediating the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Pan
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haorong Xu
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongda Fang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institution of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- The Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haruna Matsumoto
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Global Education Program for AgriScience Frontiers, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Fan Y, Zhao W, Tang X, Yang M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Cheng B, Zhou E, He Z. Co-infection of Four Novel Mycoviruses from Three Lineages Confers Hypovirulence on Phytopathogenic Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 39014281 PMCID: PMC11252108 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens has become one of the most important diseases of rice. Mycoviruses are viruses that can infect fungi with the potential to control fungal diseases. However, little is known about the biocontrol role of hypoviruses in U. virens. In this study, we revealed that the hypovirulence-associated U. virens strain Uv325 was co-infected by four novel mycoviruses from three lineages, designated Ustilaginoidea virens RNA virus 16 (UvRV16), Ustilaginoidea virens botourmiavirus virus 8 (UvBV8), Ustilaginoidea virens botourmiavirus virus 9 (UvBV9), and Ustilaginoidea virens narnavirus virus 13 (UvNV13), respectively. The U. virens strain co-infected by four mycoviruses showed slower growth rates, reduced conidial yield, and attenuated pigmentation. We demonstrated that UvRV16 was not only the major factor responsible for the hypovirulent phenotype in U. vriens, but also able to prevent U. virens to accumulate more mycotoxin, thereby weakening the inhibitory effects on rice seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, we indicated that UvRV16 can disrupt the antiviral response of U. virens by suppressing the transcriptional expression of multiple genes involved in autophagy and RNA silencing. In conclusion, our study provided new insights into the biological control of rice false smut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingqing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baoping Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control On Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Erxun Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenrui He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Pandey N, Vaishnav R, Rajavat AS, Singh AN, Kumar S, Tripathi RM, Kumar M, Shrivastava N. Exploring the potential of Bacillus for crop productivity and sustainable solution for combating rice false smut disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405090. [PMID: 38863756 PMCID: PMC11165134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut, which is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), is one of the most threatening diseases in most of the rice-growing countries including India that causes 0.5-75% yield loss, low seed germination, and a reduction in seed quality. The assessment of yield loss helps to understand the relevance of disease severity and facilitates the implementation of appropriate management strategies. This study aimed to mitigate biotic stress in rice by employing a rhizobacterial-based bioformulation, which possesses diverse capabilities as both a plant growth promoter and a biocontrol agent against U. virens. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the soil of the rice rhizospheres from the healthy plant of the false smut affected zone. Furthermore, they were identified as Bacillus strains: B. subtilis (BR_4), B. licheniformis (BU_7), B. licheniformis (BU_8), and B. vallismortis (KU_7) via sequencing. Isolates were screened for their biocontrol potential against U. virens under in vitro conditions. The antagonistic study revealed that B. vallismortis (KU_7) inhibited U. virens the most (44.6%), followed by B. subtilis BR_4 (41.4%), B. licheniformis BU_7 (39.8%), and B. licheniformis BU_8 (43.5%). Various biochemical and plant growth promoting attributes, such as phosphate and Zn solubilization, IAA, ammonium, siderophore, and chitinase production, were also investigated for all the selected isolates. Furthermore, the potential of the isolates was tested in both in vitro and field conditions by employing talc-based bioformulation through bio-priming and root treatment. The application of bioformulation revealed a 20% decrease in disease incidence in plants treated with B. vallismortis (KU_7), a 60.5% increase in the biological yield, and a 45% increase in the grain yield. This eco-friendly approach not only controlled the disease but also improved the grain quality and reduced the chaffiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Vaishnav
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha Singh Rajavat
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Nath Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Mani Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Garhkhatanga, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Molla KA. A trick for a treat: False smut pathogen manipulates plant defense to gain access to rice flower. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1598-1599. [PMID: 38366568 PMCID: PMC11062428 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kutubuddin A Molla
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
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6
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Li GB, Liu J, He JX, Li GM, Zhao YD, Liu XL, Hu XH, Zhang X, Wu JL, Shen S, Liu XX, Zhu Y, He F, Gao H, Wang H, Zhao JH, Li Y, Huang F, Huang YY, Zhao ZX, Zhang JW, Zhou SX, Ji YP, Pu M, He M, Chen X, Wang J, Li W, Wu XJ, Ning Y, Sun W, Xu ZJ, Wang WM, Fan J. Rice false smut virulence protein subverts host chitin perception and signaling at lemma and palea for floral infection. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2000-2020. [PMID: 38299379 PMCID: PMC11062437 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The flower-infecting fungus Ustilaginoidea virens causes rice false smut, which is a severe emerging disease threatening rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. False smut not only reduces yield, but more importantly produces toxins on grains, posing a great threat to food safety. U. virens invades spikelets via the gap between the 2 bracts (lemma and palea) enclosing the floret and specifically infects the stamen and pistil. Molecular mechanisms for the U. virens-rice interaction are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rice flowers predominantly employ chitin-triggered immunity against U. virens in the lemma and palea, rather than in the stamen and pistil. We identify a crucial U. virens virulence factor, named UvGH18.1, which carries glycoside hydrolase activity. Mechanistically, UvGH18.1 functions by binding to and hydrolyzing immune elicitor chitin and interacting with the chitin receptor CHITIN ELICITOR BINDING PROTEIN (OsCEBiP) and co-receptor CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (OsCERK1) to impair their chitin-induced dimerization, suppressing host immunity exerted at the lemma and palea for gaining access to the stamen and pistil. Conversely, pretreatment on spikelets with chitin induces a defense response in the lemma and palea, promoting resistance against U. virens. Collectively, our data uncover a mechanism for a U. virens virulence factor and the critical location of the host-pathogen interaction in flowers and provide a potential strategy to control rice false smut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gao-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya-Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Gao
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xian-Jun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
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7
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He Z, Zhao W, Fan Y, Wang L, Yang M, Yang Y, Zhou E. Genome characterization of a novel narnavirus infecting the plant-pathogenic fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Arch Virol 2024; 169:78. [PMID: 38517587 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and oomycetes. They are widespread in all major groups of plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. To date, only the full genome of dsRNA mycoviruses and the contigs of positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) mycoviruses have been reported in Ustilaginoidea virens, which is the notorious causal agent of rice false smut (RFS). Here, we report the molecular characterization of a novel +ssRNA mycovirus, Ustilaginoidea virens narnavirus 4 (UvNV4), isolated from U. virens strain Uv418. UvNV4 has a genome of 3,131 nucleotides (nt) and possesses an open reading frame (ORF) predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 1,017 amino acids (aa) sequence with a molecular mass of 116.6 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp showed 50.34% aa sequence identity to that of the previously described Zhangzhou Narna tick virus 1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that UvNV4 is closely related to members of the family Narnaviridae. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that UvNV4 is a novel +ssRNA virus infecting U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingqing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Erxun Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Zhou L, Mubeen M, Iftikhar Y, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Wen J, Khan RAA, Sajid A, Solanki MK, Sohail MA, Kumar A, Massoud EES, Chen L. Rice false smut pathogen: implications for mycotoxin contamination, current status, and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344831. [PMID: 38585697 PMCID: PMC10996400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice serves as a staple food across various continents worldwide. The rice plant faces significant threats from a range of fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Among these, rice false smut disease (RFS) caused by Villosiclava virens is one of the devastating diseases in rice fields. This disease is widespread in major rice-growing regions such as China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and others, leading to significant losses in rice plantations. Various toxins are produced during the infection of this disease in rice plants, impacting the fertilization process as well. This review paper lightens the disease cycle, plant immunity, and infection process during RFS. Mycotoxin production in RFS affects rice plants in multiple ways, although the exact phenomena are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ashara Sajid
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity University of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ehab El Sayed Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Cao H, Gong H, Yu M, Pan X, Song T, Yu J, Qi Z, Du Y, Zhang R, Liu Y. The Ras GTPase-activating protein UvGap1 orchestrates conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13448. [PMID: 38502297 PMCID: PMC10950028 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating proteins (Ras GAPs) act as negative regulators for Ras proteins and are involved in various signalling processes that influence cellular functions. Here, the function of four Ras GAPs, UvGap1 to UvGap4, was identified and analysed in Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut disease. Disruption of UvGAP1 or UvGAP2 resulted in reduced mycelial growth and an increased percentage of larger or dumbbell-shaped conidia. Notably, the mutant ΔUvgap1 completely lost its pathogenicity. Compared to the wild-type strain, the mutants ΔUvgap1, ΔUvgap2 and ΔUvgap3 exhibited reduced tolerance to H2 O2 oxidative stress. In particular, the ΔUvgap1 mutant was barely able to grow on the H2 O2 plate, and UvGAP1 was found to influence the expression level of genes involved in reactive oxygen species synthesis and scavenging. The intracellular cAMP level in the ΔUvgap1 mutant was elevated, as UvGap1 plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular cAMP level by affecting the expression of phosphodiesterases, which are linked to cAMP degradation in U. virens. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, UvRas1 and UvRasGef (Ras guanyl nucleotide exchange factor) physically interacted with UvGap1. UvRas2 was identified as an interacting partner of UvGap1 through a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay and affinity capture-mass spectrometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the UvGAP1-mediated Ras pathway is essential for the development and pathogenicity of U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Cao
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Hao Gong
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Mina Yu
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xiayan Pan
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Tianqiao Song
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Zhongqiang Qi
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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10
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Wang B, Duan G, Liu L, Long Z, Bai X, Ou M, Wang P, Jiang D, Li D, Sun W. UvHOS3-mediated histone deacetylation is essential for virulence and negatively regulates ustilaginoidin biosynthesis in Ustilaginoidea virens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13429. [PMID: 38353606 PMCID: PMC10866089 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut, which has recently become one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. Ustilaginoidins, a major type of mycotoxins produced in false smut balls, greatly deteriorates grain quality. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are involved in regulating secondary metabolism in fungi. However, little is yet known on the functions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in U. virens. Here, we characterized the functions of the HDAC UvHOS3 in U. virens. The ΔUvhos3 deletion mutant exhibited the phenotypes of retarded growth, increased mycelial branches and reduced conidiation and virulence. The ΔUvhos3 mutants were more sensitive to sorbitol, sodium dodecyl sulphate and oxidative stress/H2 O2 . ΔUvhos3 generated significantly more ustilaginoidins. RNA-Seq and metabolomics analyses also revealed that UvHOS3 is a key negative player in regulating secondary metabolism, especially mycotoxin biosynthesis. Notably, UvHOS3 mediates deacetylation of H3 and H4 at H3K9, H3K18, H3K27 and H4K8 residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that UvHOS3 regulates mycotoxin biosynthesis, particularly for ustilaginoidin and sorbicillinoid production, by modulating the acetylation level of H3K18. Collectively, this study deepens the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the HDAC UvHOS3 in regulating virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- College of Plant ProtectionSanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Guohua Duan
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhaoyi Long
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaolong Bai
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mingming Ou
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Peiying Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Du Jiang
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionSanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
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11
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Zhang G, Zhou X, Liu S, Ma Y, Li H, Du Y, Cao Z, Sun L. Full-length transcriptomics study of Ustiloxins-induced hepatocyte injury. Toxicon 2024; 238:107604. [PMID: 38181838 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ustiloxins is a mycotoxin produced by the metabolism of Rice false smut. Studies have shown that Ustiloxins may be toxic to animals, but there is still a lack of toxicological evidence. The liver, as the main organ for the biotransformation of foreign chemicals, may be the direct target organ of Ustiloxins toxicity. In this study, we found that cell viability decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner when BNL CL.2 cells were treated with different concentrations of Ustiloxins (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. In addition, scanning electron microscope observation showed that the cell membrane of the experimental group was damaged, with the appearance of apoptotic bodies. Moreover, the ROS and GSH levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to Ustiloxins. We analyzed the key action targets of Ustiloxins on hepatocyte injury using full-length transcriptomics. A total of 1099 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which 473 genes were up-regulated, and 626 genes were down-regulated. Besides, we also found that the expression of MCM7 and CDC45 in BNL CL.2 cells treated with Ustiloxins decreased, and the expression of CCl-2, CYP1b1, CYP4f13, and GSTM1 increased according to qRT-PCR. Ustiloxins might change CYP450 and GST-related genes, affect DNA replication and cell cycle, and lead to oxidative stress and liver cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Zhang
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Youning Ma
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Yingchun Du
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Lihua Sun
- School of Public Health (Food Science and Engineering), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China.
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12
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Fu R, Zhao L, Chen C, Wang J, Lu D. Conjunctive Analysis of BSA-Seq and SSR Markers Unveil the Candidate Genes for Resistance to Rice False Smut. Biomolecules 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38254679 PMCID: PMC10813778 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS) caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cook) leads to serious yield losses in rice. Identification of the gene or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is crucial to resistance breeding and mitigation of RFS damage. In this study, we crossed a resistant variety, IR77298-14-1-2::IRGC117374-1, with a susceptible indica cultivar, 9311, and evaluated recombinant inbred lines in a greenhouse. The genetic analysis showed that the RFS resistance of IR77298-14-1-2::IRGC117374-1 was controlled by multiple recessive loci. We identified a novel QTL, qRFS12.01, for RFS resistance in IR77298-14-1-2::IRGC117374-1 by combining bulked segregant analysis with whole genome resequencing (BSA-seq) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker mapping approaches. The phenotypic effect of qRFS12.01 on RFS resistance reached 28.74%, suggesting that SSR markers linked to qRFS12.01 are valuable for marker-assisted breeding of RFS resistance in rice. The prediction of putative candidate genes within qRFS12.01 revealed five disease resistance proteins containing NB-ARC domains. In conclusion, our findings provide a new rice chromosome region carrying genes/QTLs for resistance to RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China; (R.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China; (R.F.)
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China; (R.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China; (R.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China; (R.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
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Wang M, Wang Z, Ding Y, Kang S, Jiang S, Yang Z, Xie Z, Wang J, Wei S, Huang J, Li D, Jiang X, Tang H. Host-pathogen interaction between pitaya and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum reveals the mechanisms of immune response associated with defense regulators and metabolic pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38163897 PMCID: PMC10759344 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how plants and pathogens regulate each other's gene expression during their interactions is key to revealing the mechanisms of disease resistance and controlling the development of pathogens. Despite extensive studies on the molecular and genetic basis of plant immunity against pathogens, the influence of pitaya immunity on N. dimidiatum metabolism to restrict pathogen growth is poorly understood, and how N. dimidiatum breaks through pitaya defenses. In this study, we used the RNA-seq method to assess the expression profiles of pitaya and N. dimidiatum at 4 time periods after interactions to capture the early effects of N. dimidiatum on pitaya processes. RESULTS The study defined the establishment of an effective method for analyzing transcriptome interactions between pitaya and N. dimidiatum and to obtain global expression profiles. We identified gene expression clusters in both the host pitaya and the pathogen N. dimidiatum. The analysis showed that numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the recognition and defense of pitaya against N. dimidiatum, as well as N. dimidiatum's evasion of recognition and inhibition of pitaya. The major functional groups identified by GO and KEGG enrichment were responsible for plant and pathogen recognition, phytohormone signaling (such as salicylic acid, abscisic acid). Furthermore, the gene expression of 13 candidate genes involved in phytopathogen recognition, phytohormone receptors, and the plant resistance gene (PG), as well as 7 effector genes of N. dimidiatum, including glycoside hydrolases, pectinase, and putative genes, were validated by qPCR. By focusing on gene expression changes during interactions between pitaya and N. dimidiatum, we were able to observe the infection of N. dimidiatum and its effects on the expression of various defense components and host immune receptors. CONCLUSION Our data show that various regulators of the immune response are modified during interactions between pitaya and N. dimidiatum. Furthermore, the activation and repression of these genes are temporally coordinated. These findings provide a framework for better understanding the pathogenicity of N. dimidiatum and its role as an opportunistic pathogen. This offers the potential for a more effective defense against N. dimidiatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhouwen Wang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Yazhou Bay Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shaoling Kang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Senrong Jiang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zhuangjia Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zhan Xie
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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14
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Chen X, Liu C, Wang H, Liu Q, Yue Y, Duan Y, Wang Z, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu Q, Pan Y. Ustilaginoidea virens-secreted effector Uv1809 suppresses rice immunity by enhancing OsSRT2-mediated histone deacetylation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:148-164. [PMID: 37715970 PMCID: PMC10754013 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is a devastating rice (Oryza sativa) disease worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying U. virens-rice interactions are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a secreted protein, Uv1809, as a key virulence factor. Heterologous expression of Uv1809 in rice enhanced susceptibility to rice false smut and bacterial blight. Host-induced gene silencing of Uv1809 in rice enhanced resistance to U. virens, suggesting that Uv1809 inhibits rice immunity and promotes infection by U. virens. Uv1809 suppresses rice immunity by targeting and enhancing rice histone deacetylase OsSRT2-mediated histone deacetylation, thereby reducing H4K5ac and H4K8ac levels and interfering with the transcriptional activation of defence genes. CRISPR-Cas9 edited ossrt2 mutants showed no adverse effects in terms of growth and yield but displayed broad-spectrum resistance to rice pathogens, revealing a potentially valuable genetic resource for breeding disease resistance. Our study provides insight into defence mechanisms against plant pathogens that inactivate plant immunity at the epigenetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hailin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yaping Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuhang Duan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Junbin Huang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiutao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuemin Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest ManagementAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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15
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Xue M, Hou X, Gu G, Dong J, Yang Y, Pan X, Zhang X, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Activation of Ustilaginoidin Biosynthesis Gene uvpks1 in Villosiclava virens Albino Strain LN02 Influences Development, Stress Responses, and Inhibition of Rice Seed Germination. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:31. [PMID: 38248941 PMCID: PMC10817433 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Villosiclava virens (anamorph: Ustilaginoidea virens) is the pathogen of rice false smut (RFS), which is a destructive rice fungal disease. The albino strain LN02 is a natural white-phenotype mutant of V. virens due to its incapability to produce toxic ustilaginoidins. In this study, three strains including the normal strain P1, albino strain LN02, and complemented strain uvpks1C-1 of the LN02 strain were employed to investigate the activation of the ustilaginoidin biosynthesis gene uvpks1 in the albino strain LN02 to influence sporulation, conidia germination, pigment production, stress responses, and the inhibition of rice seed germination. The activation of the ustilaginoidin biosynthesis gene uvpks1 increased fungal tolerances to NaCl-induced osmotic stress, Congo-red-induced cell wall stress, SDS-induced cell membrane stress, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The activation of uvpks1 also increased sporulation, conidia germination, pigment production, and the inhibition of rice seed germination. In addition, the activation of uvpks1 was able to increase the mycelial growth of the V. virens albino strain LN02 at 23 °C and a pH from 5.5 to 7.5. The findings help in understanding the effects of the activation of uvpks1 in albino strain LN02 on development, pigment production, stress responses, and the inhibition of rice seed germination by controlling ustilaginoidin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.X.); (X.H.); (G.G.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (X.P.); (X.Z.); (D.X.); (D.L.)
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16
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Wen H, Meng S, Xie S, Shi H, Qiu J, Jiang N, Kou Y. Sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase gene UvSnf1 is required for virulence in Ustilaginoidea virens. Virulence 2023; 14:2235460. [PMID: 37450576 PMCID: PMC10351473 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2235460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming one of the most devastating diseases in rice production areas in the world. Revealing U. virens potential pathogenic mechanisms provides ideas for formulating more effective prevention and control strategies. Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) protein kinase plays a critical role in activating transcription and suppressing gene expression, as well as in cellular response to various stresses, such as nutrient limitation. In our study, we identified the Snf1 homolog UvSnf1 and analyzed its biological functions in U. virens. The expression level of UvSnf1 was dramatically up-regulated during invasion, indicating that UvSnf1 may participate in infection. Phenotypic analyses of UvSnf1 deletion mutants revealed that UvSnf1 is necessary for hyphae growth, spore production, and virulence in U. virens. Moreover, UvSnf1 promotes U. virens to use unfavorable carbon sources when the sucrose is insufficient. In addition, deletion of UvSnf1 down-regulates the expression of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) genes under sucrose limitation conditions in U. virens. Further analyses showed that CWDEs (UvCut1 and UvXyp1) are not only involved in growth, spore production, and virulence but are also required for the utilization of carbon sources. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that UvSnf1 plays vital roles in virulence and carbon source utilization in U. virens, and one of the possible mechanisms is playing a role in regulating the expression of CWDE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Fan K, Yu Y, Hu Z, Qian S, Zhao Z, Meng J, Zheng S, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Nie D, Han Z. Antifungal Activity and Action Mechanisms of 2,4-Di- tert-butylphenol against Ustilaginoidea virens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17723-17732. [PMID: 37938806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes false smut disease in rice. In this study, the natural product 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) was found to be an environmentally friendly and effective agent for the first time, which exhibited strong antifungal activity against U. virens, with an EC50 value of 0.087 mmol/L. The scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence staining, and biochemical assays indicated that 2,4-DTBP could destroy the cell wall, cell membrane, and cellular redox homeostasis of U. virens, ultimately resulting in fungal cell death. Through the transcriptomic analysis, a total of 353 genes were significantly upregulated and 367 genes were significantly downregulated, focusing on the spindle microtubule assembly, cell wall and membrane, redox homeostasis, mycotoxin biosynthesis, and intracellular metabolism. These results enhanced the understanding of the antifungal activity and action mechanisms of 2,4-DTBP against U. virens, supporting it to be a potential antifungal agent for the control of false smut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen'an Qian
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Zheng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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Zou J, Jiang C, Qiu S, Duan G, Wang G, Li D, Yu S, Zhao D, Sun W. An Ustilaginoidea virens glycoside hydrolase 42 protein is an essential virulence factor and elicits plant immunity as a PAMP. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1414-1429. [PMID: 37452482 PMCID: PMC10576179 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut, caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which infects rice florets before heading, severely threatens rice grain yield and quality worldwide. The U. virens genome encodes a number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) proteins. So far, the functions of these GHs in U. virens are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a GH42 protein secreted by U. virens, named UvGHF1, that exhibits β-galactosidase activity. UvGHF1 not only functions as an essential virulence factor during U. virens infection, but also serves as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice. The PAMP activity of UvGHF1 is independent of its β-galactosidase activity. Moreover, UvGHF1 triggers cell death in N. benthamiana in a BAK1-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of UvGHF1 in rice induces pattern-triggered immunity and enhances rice resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases. RNA-seq analysis revealed that UvGHF1 expression in rice not only activates expression of many defence-related genes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases and WRKY and ERF transcription factors, but also induces diterpenoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Therefore, UvGHF1 contributes to U. virens virulence, but is also recognized by the rice surveillance system to trigger plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zou
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chunquan Jiang
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shanshan Qiu
- Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guohua Duan
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guanqun Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Siwen Yu
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant ProtectionJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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19
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Hu Z, Qian S, Fan K, Yu Y, Liu X, Liu H, Meng J, Zhao Z, Han Z. Natural occurrence of ustiloxins in rice from five provinces in China and the removal efficiencies of different milling steps. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6272-6279. [PMID: 37163670 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread incidence of "false smut" disease in rice has caused extensive ustiloxin contamination around the world. Until now there has been a lack of knowledge regarding the natural occurrence of ustiloxins in paddy. The development of efficient removal methods is also still a challenge that remains unexplored. RESULTS In the current study, three main ustiloxins - ustiloxin A (UA), ustiloxin B (UB), and ustiloxin G (UG) - were determined simultaneously by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in 206 paddy samples collected in 2021 from five rice-producing provinces in China. The predominant ustiloxin was UA with an occurrence of 46.1% and an average concentration of 49.71 μg kg-1 . This was followed by UB (31.1%, 13.31 μg kg-1 ) and UG (18.4%, 9.19 μg kg-1 ). No targeted ustiloxins were detected in white rice samples randomly collected from supermarkets in Shanghai. To reveal the causes, two approaches were tested for the removal of the ustiloxins: most of the targeted ustiloxins (>93%) were removed in brown rice by husking and, subsequently, all targeted ustiloxins (100%) were removed by whitening. CONCLUSION A wide distribution of ustiloxins was discovered in paddy samples in this study. The UA contaminations were significantly different depending on their origin, with the highest occurrence in paddy from Shanghai and Jiangsu, southeast coast provinces in China. Contamination by UG was also found in paddy for the first time and was strongly correlated with those of UA and UB. A combination of husking and whitening has been verified to be a practicable and promising way to ensure efficient removal and food safety. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen'an Qian
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Yu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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20
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Liu L, Wang B, Duan G, Wang J, Pan Z, Ou M, Bai X, Wang P, Zhao D, Nan N, Li D, Sun W. Histone Deacetylase UvHST2 Is a Global Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in Ustilaginoidea virens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13124-13136. [PMID: 37615365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut, produces a large amount of mycotoxins, including ustilaginoidins and sorbicillinoids. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of mycotoxin biosynthesis inU. virens. Here, we demonstrate that the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase UvHST2 negatively regulates ustilaginoidin biosynthesis. UvHst2 knockout caused retarded hypha growth and reduced conidiation and pathogenicity inU. virens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcription factor genes, transporter genes, and other tailoring genes in eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) including ustilaginoidin and sorbicillinoid BGCs were upregulated in ΔUvhst2. Interestingly, the UvHst2 deletion affects alternative splicing. Metabolomics revealed that UvHST2 negatively regulates the biosynthesis of various mycotoxins including ustilaginoidins, sorbicillin, ochratoxin B, zearalenone, and O-M-sterigmatocystin. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses uncover that UvHST2 positively regulates pathogenicity but negatively modulates the expression of BGCs involved in secondary metabolism. Collectively, UvHST2 functions as a global regulator of secondary metabolism inU. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guohua Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Zequn Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Mingming Ou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolong Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Peiying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Nan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Hu X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Li R, Li M. Visualization of the entire process of rice spikelet infection by Ustilaginoidea virens through nondestructive inoculation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1228597. [PMID: 37637108 PMCID: PMC10450503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a destructive fungal disease encountered in many rice-producing areas worldwide. To determine the process by which U. virens infects rice spikelets in the field. Methods The green fluorescent protein-labeled U. virens was used as an inoculum to conduct artificial inoculation on rice at the booting stage via non-destructive panicle sheath instillation inoculation. Results The results showed that the conidia of U. virens germinated on the surface of rice glumes and produced hyphae, which clustered at the mouth of rice glumes and entered the glumes through the gap between the palea and lemma. The conidia of U. virens colonized in rice floral organs, which led to pollen abortion of rice. U. virens wrapped the whole rice floral organ, and the floral organ-hyphae complex gradually expanded to open the glumes to form a rice false smut ball, which was two to three times larger than that observed in normal rice. Discussion Panicle sheath instillation inoculation was shown to be a non-destructive inoculation method that could simulate the natural infection of U. virens in the field. The entire infection process of U. virens was visualized, providing a theoretical reference for formulating strategies to control rice false smut in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Hu
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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22
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Fang A, Zhang R, Qiao W, Peng T, Qin Y, Wang J, Tian B, Yu Y, Sun W, Yang Y, Bi C. Sensitivity Baselines, Resistance Monitoring, and Molecular Mechanisms of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens to Prochloraz and Azoxystrobin in Four Regions of Southern China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:832. [PMID: 37623603 PMCID: PMC10456073 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. Prochloraz and azoxystrobin belong to the groups of demethylation inhibitors and quinone outside inhibitors, respectively, and are commonly used for controlling this disease. In this study, we analyzed the sensitivities of 100 U. virens isolates from Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Zhejiang in Southern China to prochloraz and azoxystrobin. The ranges of EC50 for prochloraz and azoxystrobin were 0.004-0.536 and 0.020-0.510 μg/mL, with means and standard errors of 0.062 ± 0.008 and 0.120 ± 0.007 μg/mL, respectively. However, the sensitivity frequency distributions of U. virens to prochloraz and azoxystrobin indicated the emergence of subpopulations with decreased sensitivity. Therefore, the mean EC50 values of 74% and 68% of the isolates at the main peak, 0.031 ± 0.001 and 0.078 ± 0.004 μg/mL, were used as the sensitivity baselines of U. virens to prochloraz and azoxystrobin, respectively. We found significant sensitivity differences to azoxystrobin among different geographical populations and no correlation between the sensitivities of U. virens to prochloraz and azoxystrobin. Among 887 U. virens isolates, the isolate 5-3-1 from Zhejiang showed moderate resistance to prochloraz, with a resistance factor of 22.45, while no nucleotide variation in the 1986-bp upstream or 1827-bp gene regions of CYP51 from 5-3-1 was detected. Overexpression of CYP51 is probably responsible for its resistance to prochloraz. Finally, artificial inoculation showed that 5-3-1 was highly pathogenic to rice, suggesting that the resistance of U. virens to prochloraz must be monitored and managed in Zhejiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tao Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yubao Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Binnian Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd., Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.F.); (R.Z.); (W.Q.); (T.P.); (Y.Q.); (J.W.); (B.T.); (Y.Y.)
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23
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Thomazella DPDT, Teixeira PJPL. Microbiome-mediated metabolic defence. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1174-1175. [PMID: 37433973 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil.
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24
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Liu X, Matsumoto H, Lv T, Zhan C, Fang H, Pan Q, Xu H, Fan X, Chu T, Chen S, Qiao K, Ma Y, Sun L, Wang Q, Wang M. Phyllosphere microbiome induces host metabolic defence against rice false-smut disease. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1419-1433. [PMID: 37142774 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions between host plants and their microbiota have the potential to provide disease resistance. Most research has focused on the rhizosphere, but it is unclear how the microbiome associated with the aerial surface of plants protects against infection. Here we identify a metabolic defence underlying the mutualistic interaction between the panicle and the resident microbiota in rice to defend against a globally prevalent phytopathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes false-smut disease. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer sequencing data identified keystone microbial taxa enriched in the disease-suppressive panicle, in particular Lactobacillus spp. and Aspergillus spp. Integration of these data with primary metabolism profiling, host genome editing and microbial isolate transplantation experiments revealed that plants with these taxa could resist U. virens infection in a host branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-dependent manner. Leucine, a predominant BCAA, suppressed U. virens pathogenicity by inducing apoptosis-like cell death through H2O2 overproduction. Additionally, preliminary field experiments showed that leucine could be used in combination with chemical fungicides with a 50% reduction in dose but similar efficacy to higher fungicide concentrations. These findings may facilitate protection of crops from panicle diseases prevalent at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haruna Matsumoto
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongda Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haorong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunlu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youning Ma
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Global Education Program for AgriScience Frontiers, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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25
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Chen X, Duan Y, Ren Z, Niu T, Xu Q, Wang Z, Zheng L, Wang Y, Chen X, Huang J, Pan Y. Post-Translational Modification β-Hydroxybutyrylation Regulates Ustilaginoidea virens Virulence. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100616. [PMID: 37442371 PMCID: PMC10423879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread post-translational modification that is associated with active gene transcription and cellular proliferation. However, its role in phytopathogenic fungi remains unknown. Here, we characterized Kbhb in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. We identified 2204 Kbhb sites in 852 proteins, which are involved in diverse biological processes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase UvSlt2 is a Kbhb protein, and a strain harboring a point mutation at K72, the Kbhb site of this protein, had decreased UvSlt2 activity and reduced fungal virulence. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that K72bhb increases the hydrophobic solvent-accessible surface area of UvSlt2, thereby affecting its binding to its substrates. The mutation of K298bhb in the septin UvCdc10 resulted in reduced virulence and altered the subcellular localization of this protein. Moreover, we confirmed that the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases UvSirt2 and UvSirt5 are the major enzymes that remove Kbhb in U. virens. Collectively, our findings identify regulatory elements of the Kbhb pathway and reveal important roles for Kbhb in regulating protein localization and enzymatic activity. These findings provide insight into the regulation of virulence in phytopathogenic fungi via post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhang Duan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiutao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Fu R, Wang J, Chen C, Liu Y, Zhao L, Lu D. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanism of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10805. [PMID: 37445981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens, is a worldwide rice fungal disease. However, the molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of the fungus U. virens remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of the fungus U. virens, we performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of strongly (S) and weakly (W) virulent strains both before and after the infection of panicles. A total of 7932 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using transcriptome analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, autophagy-yeast, MAPK signaling pathway-yeast, and starch and sucrose metabolism were closely related to the pathogenicity of U. virens. Genes related to pathogenicity were significantly upregulated in the strongly virulent strain, and were ATG, MAPK, STE, TPS, and NTH genes. However, genes involved in the negative regulation of pathogenesis were significantly downregulated and contained TOR kinase, TORC1, and autophagy-related protein genes. Metabolome analysis identified 698 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 13 categories of organic acids and derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds. The significantly enriched pathways of DAMs mainly included amino acids and carbohydrates, and they accumulated after infection by the S strain. To understand the relevance of DEGs and DAMs in the pathogenicity of U. virens, transcriptomic and metabolomic data were integrated and analyzed. These results further confirmed that the pathogenesis of U. virens was regulated by DEGs and DAMs related to these four pathways, involving arginine and proline metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and starch and sugar metabolism. Therefore, we speculate that the pathogenicity of U. virens is closely related to the accumulation of amino acids and carbohydrates, and to the changes in the expression of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
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Gu L, Wang Y, Xie S, Liu Y, Yan J, Yin W, Luo C. UvATG6 Interacts with BAX Inhibitor 1 Proteins and Plays Critical Roles in Growth, Conidiation, and Virulence in Ustilaginoidea virens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0489822. [PMID: 37102873 PMCID: PMC10269921 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04898-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are evolutionarily conserved catabolic processes involved in regulating development and cellular homeostasis. Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) and autophagy protein 6 (ATG6) perform essential functions in these roles, such as cellular differentiation and virulence in various filamentous fungi. However, the functions of ATG6 and BI-1 proteins in development and virulence in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens are still poorly understood. In this study, UvATG6 was characterized in U. virens. The deletion of UvATG6 almost abolished autophagy in U. virens and reduced growth, conidial production and germination, and virulence. Stress tolerance assays showed that UvATG6 mutants were sensitive to hyperosmotic, salt, and cell wall integrity stresses but were insensitive to oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that UvATG6 interacted with UvBI-1 or UvBI-1b and suppressed Bax-induced cell death. We previously found that UvBI-1 could suppress Bax-induced cell death and was a negative regulator of mycelial growth and conidiation. Unlike UvBI-1, UvBI-1b could not suppress cell death. UvBI-1b-deleted mutants exhibited decreased growth and conidiation, while the UvBI-1 and UvBI-1b double deletion reduced the phenotype, indicating that UvBI-1 and UvBI-1b antagonistically regulate mycelial growth and conidiation. In addition, the UvBI-1b and double mutants exhibited decreased virulence. Our results provide evidence of the cross talk of autophagy and apoptosis in U. virens and give clues for studying other phytopathogenic fungi. IMPORTANCE Ustilaginoidea virens causes destructive panicle disease in rice, significantly threatening agricultural production. UvATG6 is required for autophagy and contributes to growth, conidiation, and virulence in U. virens. Additionally, it interacts with the Bax inhibitor 1 proteins UvBI-1 and UvBI-1b. UvBI-1 suppresses cell death induced by Bax, unlike UvBI-1b. UvBI-1 negatively regulates growth and conidiation, while UvBI-1b is required for these phenotypes. These results indicate that UvBI-1 and UvBI-1b may antagonistically regulate growth and conidiation. In addition, both of them contribute to virulence. Additionally, our results suggest cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis, contributing to the development, adaptability, and virulence of U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songlin Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueran Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixiao Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Shen E, Wang X, Lu Z, Zhou F, Ma W, Cui Z, Li Z, Li C, Lin Y. Overexpression of a beta-1,6-glucanase gene GluM in transgenic rice confers high resistance to rice blast, sheath blight and false smut. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2152-2162. [PMID: 36729081 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent fungal diseases tend to lead to severe losses in rice production. As a main component of the fungal cell wall, glucan plays an important role in the growth and development of fungi. Glucanase can inhibit the growth of fungi by breaking glycosidic bonds, and may be a promising target for developing rice varieties with broad-spectrum disease resistance. RESULTS We transferred a codon-optimized β-1,6-glucanase gene (GluM) from myxobacteria into the japonica rice variety Zhonghua11 (ZH11), and obtained a large number of individual transgenic plants with GluM overexpression. Based on molecular analysis, three single-copy homozygous lines with GluM overexpression were selected for assessment of fungal disease resistance at the T3 generation. Compared with that of the recipient cultivar ZH11, the area of rice blast lesion in transgenic rice was reduced by 82.71%; that of sheath blight lesion was decreased by 35.76%-43.67%; the sheath blight resistance in the field was enhanced by an average of 0.75 grade over 3 years; and the incidence of diseased panicles due to rice false smut was decreased by 65.79%. More importantly, there was no obvious loss of yield (without a significant effect on agronomic traits). Furthermore, plants overexpressing a β-1,6-glucanase gene showed higher disease resistance than rice plants overexpressing a β-1,3-glucanase gene derived from tobacco. CONCLUSION The β-1,6-glucanase gene GluM can confer broad-spectrum disease resistance to rice, providing an environmentally friendly alternative way to effectively manage fungal pathogens in rice production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Khanal S, Gaire SP, Zhou XG. Kernel Smut and False Smut: The Old-Emerging Diseases of Rice-A Review. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:931-944. [PMID: 36441871 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-22-0226-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kernel smut, caused by Tilletia horrida, is a disease characterized by the replacement of rice grains with black sooty masses of teliospores or chlamydospores. Kernel smut differs from rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, in the color of chlamydospores. False smut is characterized by globose, velvety spore balls ranging from orangish yellow to greenish black in color. Both kernel smut and false smut have been persistent but are considered minor diseases in many countries since they were discovered in the late 1870s to the 1980s due to their sporadic outbreaks and limited economic impacts. In recent years, however, kernel smut and false smut have emerged as two of the most economically important diseases in rice, including organic rice, in many countries, especially in the United States. The increased use of susceptible rice cultivars, especially hybrids, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, and short crop rotations have resulted in an increase in kernel smut and false smut, causing significant losses in grain yield and quality. In this article, we provide a review of the distribution and economic importance of kernel smut; our current understanding of the taxonomy, biology, and epidemiology of kernel smut; and the genomics of the kernel smut fungus as compared with false smut and its causal agent. We also provide an update on the current management strategies of pathogen exclusion, cultivar resistance, fungicides, biological control, and cultural practices for kernel smut and false smut of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Khanal
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713
| | | | - Xin-Gen Zhou
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713
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Fu X, Jin Y, Paul MJ, Yuan M, Liang X, Cui R, Huang Y, Peng W, Liang X. Inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A involves alteration in carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168985. [PMID: 37223794 PMCID: PMC10200953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ustiloxins are the main mycotoxin in rice false smut, a devastating disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. A typical phytotoxicity of ustiloxins is strong inhibition of seed germination, but the physiological mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that the inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A (UA) is dose-dependent. The sugar availability in UA-treated embryo was lower while the starch residue in endosperm was higher. The transcripts and metabolites responsive to typical UA treatment were investigated. The expression of several SWEET genes responsible for sugar transport in embryo was down-regulated by UA. Glycolysis and pentose phosphate processes in embryo were transcriptionally repressed. Most of the amino acids detected in endosperm and embryo were variously decreased. Ribosomal RNAs for growth were inhibited while the secondary metabolite salicylic acid was also decreased under UA. Hence, we propose that the inhibition of seed germination by UA involves the block of sugar transport from endosperm to embryo, leading to altered carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization in rice plants. Our analysis provides a framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ustiloxins on rice growth and in pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Fu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Minxuan Yuan
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaogui Liang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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31
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Akbar MU, Aqeel M, Iqbal N, Zafar S, Noman A. Morpho-physiological characterization and metabolic profiling of rice lines for immunity to counter Helminthosporiumoryzae. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106126. [PMID: 37100356 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Heliminthosporium oryzae is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that effect rice crops grown on millions of hectares. We evaluated nine newly establishing rice lines and one local variety for resistance against H. oryzae. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in response to pathogen attack were recorded in all rice lines. Maximum disease resistance was recorded in Kharamana under pathogen attack as compared to uninfected plants. A comparison of decline in shoot length revealed that Kharamana and Sakh experienced minimum lost (9.21%, 17.23%) in shoot length respectively against control while Binicol exhibited highest reduction (35.04%) in shoot length due to H. oryzae attack. Post-infection observations of shoot fresh weight revealed 63% decline in Binicol and declared it as the most susceptible rice line. Sakh, Kharamana and Gervex exhibited minimum fresh weight decrease (19.86%, 19.24% and 17.64% respectively) as compared to other lines under pathogen attack. Maximum chlorophyll-a contents were recorded in Kharamana under control and post pathogen attackconditions. Following the inoculation of H. oryzae, SOD was increased up to 35% and 23% in Kharamana and Sakh. However, minimum POD activity was recorded in Gervex followed by Swarnalata, Kaosen and C-13 in non-inoculated and pathogen-inoculated plants. Significant decrease in ascorbic acid contents (73.7% and 70.8%) was observed in Gervex and Binicol that later contributed in their susceptibility to H. oryzae attack. Pathogen attack caused Significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes in secondary metabolites in all rice lines but minimum total flavonoids, anthocyanin and lignin were observed in Binicol in uninfected plants and attested its susceptibility to pathogen. In post-pathogen attack conditions, Kharamana showed best resistance against pathogen by exhibiting a significantly high and maximum value of morpho-physiological, and biochemical attributes. Our findings suggest that tested resistant lines can be further explored for multiple traits including molecular regulation of defense responses to breed immunity in rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zafar
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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He N, Huang F, Lu L, Wang X, Li QQ, Yang D. SPR9 encodes a 60 S ribosomal protein that modulates panicle spreading and affects resistance to false smut in rice (Oryza sativa. L). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37081397 PMCID: PMC10116690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The architecture of inflorescence in crops is a key agronomic feature determining grain yield and thus has been a major target trait of cereal domestication. RESULTS In this study, we show that a simple spreading panicle change in rice panicle shape, controlled by the Spreading Panicle 9 (SPR9) locus, also has a significant impact on the resistance to rice false smut (RFS). Meanwhile, we mapped a novel spr9 mutant gene between markers Indel5-18 and Indel5-22 encompassing a genomic region of 43-kb with six candidate genes. Through gene prediction and cDNA sequencing, we confirmed that LOC_Os05g38520 is the target gene in the spr9 mutant, which encodes 60 S ribosomal protein L36-2. Further analysis showed that the spr9 mutant is caused by a 1 bp deletion in the first exon that resulted in premature termination. Knockout experiments showed that the SPR9 gene is responsible for the spreading panicle phenotype of the spr9 mutant. Interestingly, the spr9 mutant was found to improve resistance to RFS without affecting major agronomic traits. Taken together, our results revealed that the spr9 allele has good application prospects in rice breeding for disease resistance and panicle improvement. CONCLUSIONS We report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of SPR9, which encodes a 60 S ribosomal protein that regulates spreading panicles and affects the resistance to false smut in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niqing He
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China
| | - Fenghuang Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China
| | - Libin Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Dewei Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Fuzhou, 350019, Fujian, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Sun Q, Kong R, Liu H, Yi X, Liang Z, Letcher RJ, Liu C. Ustiloxin A inhibits proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and induces renal injury in mice by disrupting structure and respiratory function of mitochondria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130791. [PMID: 36706486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we found that Ustiloxin A (UA, a mycotoxin) was widely detected in paddy environment and rice samples from several countries, and was also detected in human urine samples from China. However, the current knowledge about the health risks of UA are limited. In this research, the cytotoxicity of UA in mice renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs) was evaluated, and the results indicated that UA arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase via altering cellular morphology and microtubule, and inhibited the proliferation and division of mRTECs. Furthermore, UA could inhibit mitochondrial respiration via binding to the CoQ-binding site in dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) protein, and resulted in mitochondrial damage. These adverse effects of UA on mitochondria might be responsible for the cytotoxicity observed in vitro. In vivo, UA at concentrations that were comparable to the realistic concentrations of human exposure induced renal insufficiency in mice, and this might be associated with the renal mitochondrial damage in mice. However, exposure to UA at those realistic concentrations did not promote the progression from renal insufficiency to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease was not observed in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaolin Xu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ren Kong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xun'e Yi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhengqi Liang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Zhang X, Hou X, Xu D, Xue M, Zhang J, Wang J, Yang Y, Lai D, Zhou L. Effects of Carbon, Nitrogen, Ambient pH and Light on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in Ustilaginoidea virens. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040390. [PMID: 37108845 PMCID: PMC10142091 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorbicillinoids are a class of hexaketide metabolites produced by Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), an important fungal pathogen that causes a devastating rice disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors, including carbon and nitrogen sources, ambient pH and light exposure, on mycelial growth, sporulation, as well as the accumulation of sorbicillinoids, and the expression of related genes involved in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. It was found that the environmental factors had great influences on mycelial growth and sporulation of U. virens. Fructose and glucose, complex nitrogen sources, acidic conditions and light exposure were favorable for sorbicillinoid production. The relative transcript levels of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis genes were up-regulated when U. virens was separately treated with those environmental factors that favored sorbicillinoid production, indicating that sorbicillinoid biosynthesis was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by different environmental factors. Two pathway-specific transcription factor genes, UvSorR1 and UvSorR2, were found to participate in the regulation of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. These results will provide useful information to better understand the regulation mechanisms of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis, and be conducive to develop effective means for controlling sorbicillinoid production in U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuwen Hou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Bashyal BM, Yadav GK, Parmar P, Sunani SK, Aggarwal S, Gopala Krishnan S, Kumar A, Zaidi NW, Aggarwal R. High-Quality Genome Resource of Ustilaginoidea virens (UV2_4G), Causal Agent of an Emerging False Smut Disease in Rice. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:896-898. [PMID: 36265154 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1193-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens is the fungal pathogen causing an emerging false smut disease that affects crop yield as well as deteriorates quality of the grains by producing mycotoxins. A high quality genome of U. virens isolate UV2_4G was sequenced using Nanopore and Illumina HiSeq 2,000 sequencing platforms. The total assembled genome of Indian isolate UV2_4G was 35.9 Mb, which comprised 89 scaffolds with N50 of 700,296 bp. A total of 358,697 variants were identified in the genome, out of which 355,173 were SNPs and 3,524 were INDELS. Further, 7,390 SSRs belonging to different repeat types were also identified in the genome. Out of 7,444 proteins predicted, 7,206 were functionally annotated. A total of 1,307 CAZymes, 501 signal peptides, 1,876 effectors, and 2,709 genes involved in host-pathogen interactions were identified. Comparative analysis revealed isolate UV2_4G is distinct with 31 unique clusters and placed distantly in phylogenetic analysis. Taken together, this high-quality genome assembly and sequence annotation resource can give an improved insight for characterizing the biological and pathogenic mechanisms of U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sunani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Regional station, Khordha, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752055, India
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Bai Z, Qin Y, Cao K, Du J, Han Y, Tan Z, Wu G, Tian B, Yang Y, Yu Y, Bi C, Sun W, Fang A. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Variation of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens from Different Rice Cultivars. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:549-558. [PMID: 36346376 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-22-0099-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, has become one of the most devastating grain diseases of rice worldwide. Understanding the genetic diversity of U. virens is essential for efficient disease control and breeding for disease resistance. However, little is known about the genetic variation of U. virens from different rice cultivars. We investigated the genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of U. virens isolates from 10 rice cultivars in Zhejiang, China. A total of 260 polymorphic loci and 27 haplotypes were identified based on the 2,137-bp combined DNA fragments of all individuals; hap_4 was the most common haplotype, represented by 41 isolates. Phylogeny indicated that all isolates were divided into four genetic groups. Group I was the largest, with 98 isolates, distributed mainly in eight cultivar populations, whereas 90% of the isolates collected from a Changxiang cultivar were clustered in Group IV. Furthermore, the pairwise FST values exhibited significant genetic differentiation in 27 of the pairwise comparisons between populations, accounting for 23.21% of the total genetic variation. The genetic composition of the isolates of the CX population was distinguishable from that of the other nine populations, and genetic recombination was found in a few isolates. Finally, 27 haplotype representative isolates showed high variation in pathogenicity, and the isolates from the genetic subpopulation I were likely to be more virulent than those from genetic subpopulations II and III. Collectively, these findings suggest that differences in rice cultivars play an important role in the genetic variation of U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yubao Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kuirong Cao
- Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxing 314016, China
| | - Jianhang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ze Tan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gentu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Binnian Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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CRISPR/dCas9-Mediated Gene Silencing in Two Plant Fungal Pathogens. mSphere 2023; 8:e0059422. [PMID: 36655998 PMCID: PMC9942560 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00594-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens are two filamentous fungal pathogens that threaten rice production worldwide. Genetic tools that permit fast gene deletion and silencing are of great interest for functional genomics of fungal pathogens. As a revolutionary genome editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) enable many innovative applications. Here, we developed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) toolkit using nuclease activity dead Cas9 (dCas9) to silence genes of interest in M. oryzae and U. virens. We optimized the components of CRISPRi vectors, including transcriptional repression domains, dCas9 promoters, and guide RNA (gRNA) promoters. The CRISPRi tool was tested using nine gRNAs to target the promoters of MoATG3, MoATG7, and UvPal1. The results indicated that a single gRNA could direct the dCas9-fused transcriptional repression domain to efficiently silence the target gene in M. oryzae and U. virens. In both fungi, the target genes were repressed >100-fold, and desired phenotypes were observed in CRISPRi strains. Importantly, we showed that multiple genes could be easily silenced using polycistronic tRNA-gRNA in CRISPRi. Furthermore, gRNAs that bind different promoter regions displayed variable repression levels of target genes, highlighting the importance of gRNA design for CRISPRi efficiency. Together, this study provides an efficient and robust CRISPRi tool for targeted gene silencing in M. oryzae and U. virens. Owing to its simplicity and multiplexity, CRISPRi will be a useful tool for gene function discovery in fungal pathogens. IMPORTANCE Many devastating plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens that evolve rapidly to adapt to host resistance and environmental changes. Therefore, genetic tools that enable fast gene function discovery are needed to study the pathogenicity and stress adaptation of fungal pathogens. In this study, we adopted the CRISPR/Cas9 system to silence genes in Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens, which are two dominant fungal pathogens that threaten rice production worldwide. We present a versatile and robust CRISPRi toolkit that represses target gene expression >100-fold using a single gRNA. We also demonstrated that CRISPRi could simultaneously silence multiple genes using the tRNA-gRNA strategy. The CRISPRi technologies described in this study would accelerate the functional genomics of fungal pathogens.
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Yang D, He N, Huang F, Jin Y, Li S. The Genetic Mechanism of the Immune Response to the Rice False Smut (RFS) Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:741. [PMID: 36840089 PMCID: PMC9961370 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS), which is caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), has become one of the most devastating diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. The disease results in a significant yield loss and poses health threats to humans and animals due to producing mycotoxins. In this review, we update the understanding of the symptoms and resistance genes of RFS, as well as the genomics and effectors in U. virens. We also highlight the genetic mechanism of the immune response to RFS. Finally, we analyse and explore the identification method for RFS, breeding for resistance against the disease, and interactions between the effector proteins and resistance (R) proteins, which would be involved in the development of rice disease resistance materials for breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Yang
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Niqing He
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Fenghuang Huang
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Yidan Jin
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengping Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Hu XH, Shen S, Wu JL, Liu J, Wang H, He JX, Yao ZL, Bai YF, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Li GB, Zhao JH, You X, Xu J, Ji YP, Li DQ, Pu M, Zhao ZX, Zhou SX, Zhang JW, Huang YY, Li Y, Ning Y, Lu Y, Huang F, Wang WM, Fan J. A natural allele of proteasome maturation factor improves rice resistance to multiple pathogens. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:228-237. [PMID: 36646829 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crops with broad-spectrum resistance loci are highly desirable in agricultural production because these loci often confer resistance to most races of a pathogen or multiple pathogen species. Here we discover a natural allele of proteasome maturation factor in rice, UMP1R2115, that confers broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Ustilaginoidea virens and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mechanistically, this allele increases proteasome abundance and activity to promote the degradation of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes including peroxidase and catalase upon pathogen infection, leading to elevation of H2O2 accumulation for defence. In contrast, inhibition of proteasome function or overexpression of peroxidase/catalase-encoding genes compromises UMP1R2115-mediated resistance. More importantly, introduction of UMP1R2115 into a disease-susceptible rice variety does not penalize grain yield while promoting disease resistance. Our work thus uncovers a broad-spectrum resistance pathway integrating de-repression of plant immunity and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding high-yield rice with multi-disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Li R, Bi R, Cai H, Zhao J, Sun P, Xu W, Zhou Y, Yang W, Zheng L, Chen XL, Wang G, Wang D, Liu J, Teng H, Li G. Melatonin functions as a broad-spectrum antifungal by targeting a conserved pathogen protein kinase. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12839. [PMID: 36314656 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a low-cost natural small indole molecule with versatile biological functions. However, melatonin's fungicidal potential has not been fully exploited, and the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that melatonin broadly inhibited 13 plant pathogens. In the rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, melatonin inhibited fungal growth, formation of infection-specific structures named appressoria, and plant infection, reducing disease severity. Melatonin entered fungal cells efficiently and colocalized with the critical mitogen-activated protein kinase named Mps1, suppressing phosphorylation of Mps1. Melatonin's affinity for Mps1 via two hydrogen bonds was demonstrated using surface plasmon resonance and chemical modifications. To improve melatonin's efficiency, we obtained 20 melatonin derivatives. Tert-butyloxycarbonyl melatonin showed a 25-fold increase in fungicidal activities, demonstrating the feasibility of chemical modifications in melatonin modification. Our study demonstrated the broad-spectrum fungicidal effect of melatonin by suppressing Mps1 as one of the targets. Through further systematic modifications, developing an eco-friendly melatonin derivative of commercial values for agricultural applications appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyu Cai
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Song J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Lei T, Liang Y, Dai Q, Huo Z, Xu K, Chen S. Prevalence of Carbendazin Resistance in Field Populations of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens from Jiangsu, China, Molecular Mechanisms, and Fitness Stability. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121311. [PMID: 36547644 PMCID: PMC9783980 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is an important fungal disease of rice. In China, Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates (MBCs), including carbendazim, are common fungicides used to control RFS and other rice diseases. In this study, resistance of U. virens to carbendazim was monitored for three consecutive years during 2018 to 2020. A total of 321 U. virens isolates collected from Jiangsu Province of China were tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim on PSA. The concentration at which mycelial growth is inhibited by 50% (EC50) of the carbendazim-sensitive isolates was 0.11 to 1.38 µg/mL, with a mean EC50 value of 0.66 μg/mL. High level of resistance to carbendazim was detected in 14 out of 321 isolates. The resistance was stable but associated with a fitness penalty. There was a statistically significant and moderate negative correlation (r= −0.74, p < 0.001) in sensitivity between carbendazim and diethofencarb. Analysis of the U. virens genome revealed two potential MBC targets, Uvβ1Tub and Uvβ2Tub, that putatively encode β-tubulin gene. The two β-tubulin genes in U. virens share 78% amino acid sequence identity, but their function in MBC sensitivity has been unclear. Both genes were identified and sequenced from U. virens sensitive and resistant isolates. It is known that mutations in the β2-tubulin gene have been shown to confer resistance to carbendazim in other fungi. However, no mutation was found in the Uvβ2Tub gene in either resistant or sensitive isolates. Variations including point mutations, non-sense mutations, codon mutations, and frameshift mutations were found in the Uvβ1Tub gene from the 14 carbendazim-resistant isolates, which have not been reported in other fungi before. Thus, these results indicated that variations of Uvβ1Tub result in the resistance to carbendazim in field isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tengyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhongyang Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (S.C.)
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Wen H, Shi H, Jiang N, Qiu J, Lin F, Kou Y. Antifungal mechanisms of silver nanoparticles on mycotoxin producing rice false smut fungus. iScience 2022; 26:105763. [PMID: 36582831 PMCID: PMC9793317 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes rice false smut disease, is a destructive filamentous fungal pathogen, attracting more attention to search for effective fungicides against U. virens. Here, the results showed that the inhibition of 2 nm AgNPs on U. virens growth and virulence displayed concentration-dependent manner. Abnormalities of fungal morphology were observed upon exposure to AgNPs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that AgNPs treatment up-regulated 1185 genes and down-regulated 937 genes, which significantly overlapped with the methyltransferase UvKmt6-regulated genes. Furthermore, we found that AgNPs reduced the UvKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 modification, resulting in the up-regulation of ustilaginoidin biosynthetic genes The decrease of H3K27me3 level was associated with the inhibition of mycelial growth by AgNPs treatment. These results suggested that AgNPs are an effective nano-fungicide for the control of rice false smut disease, but when using AgNPs, it needs to be combined with mycotoxin-reducing fungicides to reduce the risk of toxin pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Corresponding author
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43
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Huang Y, Cui K, Zhang Z, Chai R, Xie H, Shou J, Fu J, Li G, Liu J, Wu S, Sun G, Zhang J, Deng Y, He Z. Identification and fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring rice false smut resistance in rice. J Genet Genomics 2022; 50:276-279. [PMID: 36496169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Rongyao Chai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Hongguang Xie
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Jianyao Shou
- Shaoxing Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Pingxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337099, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuangqing Wu
- Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei 445002, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China.
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yang N, Ji Y, Wang A, Tang J, Liu S, Zhang X, Xu L, He Y. An integrated nucleic acid detection method based on a microfluidic chip for collection and culture of rice false smut spores. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4894-4904. [PMID: 36378140 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut spores (RFSS), which are airborne spores caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), not only cause severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also produce toxins that are harmful to humans and animals. Nucleic acid detection has become the main method for RFSS monitoring due to its high specificity and sensitivity. However, nucleic acid detection requires multiple steps of spore collection, DNA extraction, nucleic acid amplification and detection, which has a high demand for personnel and is hard to link with other intelligent equipment to achieve automation. Microfluidic chip has become an important approach for integrated detection of pathogens owning to miniaturization and integration in recent years. Yet there is a lack of portable methods that integrate the collection of airborne fungal spores and nucleic acid detection. Because RFSS have thick cell walls and require liquid nitrogen grinding to extract DNA, breaking the walls on-chip is difficult. Therefore, the realization of RFSS wall breaking on-chip is a major difficulty and also a very meaningful study. This study uses RFSS as the research object and provides a novel method of culturing RFSS on-chip to solve the problem of hard wall breaking, realizing the integrated detection of RFSS. The mycelium grown by RFSS germination could be easily broken to release DNA for on-chip detection, which eliminates the need for manual DNA extraction and resolves the issue of difficult wall breaking. This chip can collect RFSS based on the aerodynamic theory and achieve gas-liquid coupling through a simple microvalve structure. A micromixer is constructed to mix the liquid, and then accomplish detection quickly by recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipsticks (RPA-LFD). The detection sensitivity of this method is 1 × 102-1 × 105 CFU ml-1. It can realize the "sample in and answer out" detection of RFSS due to its simple operation, independence from precision instruments, high sensitivity and specificity. The result shows that it can be used for the early detection of RFSS, has great application prospects and is expected to promote the development of on-site instant detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Aiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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45
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Wang Q, Kawano Y. Improving disease resistance to rice false smut without yield penalty by manipulating the expression of effector target. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1834-1837. [PMID: 36415132 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan.
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46
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Wang Y, Yang L, Yang Q, Dong J, Wang Y, Duan Y, Yin W, Zheng L, Sun W, Fan J, Luo CX, Li G. Gap-Free Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of Ustilaginoidea virens JS60-2, a Fungal Pathogen Causing Rice False Smut. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:1120-1123. [PMID: 36510363 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-22-0158-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, has become a major disease in recent years, and mycotoxins produced by U. virens often threaten food safety. To study fungal pathogenesis and identify potential targets for developing new fungicides, gap-free nuclear and complete mitochondrial genomes of U. virens JS60-2 were sequenced and assembled. Using the second and third generation sequencing data, we assembled a 38.02-Mb genome that consists of seven contigs with the contig N50 being 6.32-Mb. In total, 8,486 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genome, including 21 secondary metabolism gene clusters. We also assembled the complete mitochondrial genome, which is 102,498 bp, with 28% GC content. The JS60-2 genomes assembled in this study will facilitate research on U. virens and contribute to RFS control. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weixiao Yin
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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47
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Song J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liang Y, Dai Q, Huo Z, Xu K. The Toxicity of Salicylhydroxamic Acid and Its Effect on the Sensitivity of Ustilaginoidea virens to Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111231. [PMID: 36422052 PMCID: PMC9692728 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut (RFS) caused by Ustilaginoidea virens has been one of the most severe rice diseases. Fungicide-based chemical control is a significant measure to control RFS. In the sensitivity determination of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide in vitro, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) has been commonly added to artificial culture media in order to inhibit alternative oxidase of phytopathogenic fungi. However, some studies showed that artificial media should not include SHAM due to its toxicity. Whether SHAM should be added in the assay of U. virens sensitivity to QoI fungicide remains unknown. In this study, two appropriate media, potato sucrose agar (PSA) and minimal medium (MM), were selected to test SHAM toxicity and sensitivity of U. virens to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin. The mycelial growth and sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin had no significant difference between on PSA and MM. SHAM could significantly inhibit mycelial growth, conidial germination, peroxidase (POD) and esterase activity of U. virens. Average effective concentration for inhibiting 50% (EC50) values of SHAM against mycelial growth of ten U. virens were 27.41 and 12.75 μg/mL on PSA and MM, respectively. The EC50 values of SHAM against conidial germination of isolates HWD and JS60 were 70.36 and 44.69 μg/mL, respectively. SHAM at 30 μg/mL significantly inhibited POD and esterase activity of isolates HWD and JS60, and even SHAM at 10 μg/mL significantly inhibited POD activity of isolate HWD. In addition, SHAM significantly reduced EC50 values and EC90 values of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin on both PSA and MM. Even in the presence of SHAM at 10 μg/mL, average EC50 values of ten U. virens isolates for azoxystrobin decreased 1.7-fold on PSA and 4.8-fold on MM, and for pyraclostrobin that decreased 2.8-fold on PSA and 4.8-fold on MM. Therefore, these results suggest that SHAM should not be included in artificial media in the assay of U. virens sensitivity to QoI fungicides.
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48
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Li GB, He JX, Wu JL, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu J, Hu XH, Zhu Y, Shen S, Bai YF, Yao ZL, Liu XX, Zhao JH, Li DQ, Li Y, Huang F, Huang YY, Zhao ZX, Zhang JW, Zhou SX, Ji YP, Pu M, Qin P, Li S, Chen X, Wang J, He M, Li W, Wu XJ, Xu ZJ, Wang WM, Fan J. Overproduction of OsRACK1A, an effector-targeted scaffold protein promoting OsRBOHB-mediated ROS production, confers rice floral resistance to false smut disease without yield penalty. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1790-1806. [PMID: 36245122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses. Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which specifically infects rice floral organs, disrupting fertilization and seed formation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U. virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance. Here, we report that U. virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector, UvCBP1, to facilitate infection of rice flowers. Mechanistically, UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB, leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1, expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U. virens in rice germplasm. Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production, conferring rice floral resistance to U. virens without yield penalty. Taken together, our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zong-Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xian-Jun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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49
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Yang J, Zhang N, Wang J, Fang A, Fan J, Li D, Li Y, Wang S, Cui F, Yu J, Liu Y, Wang WM, Peng YL, He SY, Sun W. SnRK1A-mediated phosphorylation of a cytosolic ATPase positively regulates rice innate immunity and is inhibited by Ustilaginoidea virens effector SCRE1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1422-1440. [PMID: 36068953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming one of the most recalcitrant rice diseases worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice immunity against U. virens remain unknown. Using genetic, biochemical and disease resistance assays, we demonstrated that the xb24 knockout lines generated in non-Xa21 rice background exhibit an enhanced susceptibility to the fungal pathogens U. virens and Magnaporthe oryzae. Consistently, flg22- and chitin-induced oxidative burst and expression of pathogenesis-related genes in the xb24 knockout lines were greatly attenuated. As a central mediator of energy signaling, SnRK1A interacts with and phosphorylates XB24 at Thr83 residue to promote ATPase activity. SnRK1A is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and positively regulates plant immune responses and disease resistance. Furthermore, the virulence effector SCRE1 in U. virens targets host ATPase XB24. The interaction inhibits ATPase activity of XB24 by blocking ATP binding to XB24. Meanwhile, SCRE1 outcompetes SnRK1A for XB24 binding, and thereby suppresses SnRK1A-mediated phosphorylation and ATPase activity of XB24. Our results indicate that the conserved SnRK1A-XB24 module in multiple crop plants positively contributes to plant immunity and uncover an unidentified molecular strategy to promote infection in U. virens and a novel host target in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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50
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Song JH, Zhang SJ, Wang Y, Chen YT, Luo JF, Liang Y, Zhang HC, Dai QG, Xu K, Huo ZY. Baseline Sensitivity and Control Efficacy of Two Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicides, Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin, Against Ustilaginoidea virens. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2967-2973. [PMID: 35306849 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2850-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by the filamentous fungus Ustilaginoidea virens is a devastating grain disease in rice. Fungicides have been an important measure for the control of this disease. In this study, baseline sensitivities of 179 isolates of U. virens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were established. The distribution of the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of each fungicide was unimodal. The frequency distribution of logarithmically transformed EC50 values fit or fit closer to a normal distribution. The ranges of EC50 values for azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were 0.001 to 0.864 and 0.001 to 0.569 μg/ml, with means and standard errors of the mean values of 0.203 ± 0.012 and 0.079 ± 0.006 μg/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant and moderately positive correlation (n = 100, r = 0.469, P = 0.001) in sensitivity between these two fungicides. No cross-resistance was found between azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and carbendazim or sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicides. Each fungicide had a significantly higher mean preventive efficacy compared with its curative efficacy. Field assays showed that the control efficacy of pyraclostrobin against rice false smut was greater than that of azoxystrobin. Pyraclostrobin had the best control of rice false smut in three rice varieties, with the control efficacy ranging from 81.5 to 95.5%, whereas azoxystrobin decreased the disease index by 64.1 to 69.2% under the same conditions. These results provide us a reference point in the management of U. virens and future QoI fungicide resistance monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hui Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yun-Tong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun-Fei Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - You Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qi-Gen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology & Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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