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Levi LI, Madden EA, Boussier J, Erazo D, Sanders W, Vallet T, Bernhauerova V, Moorman NJ, Heise MT, Vignuzzi M. Chikungunya Virus RNA Secondary Structures Impact Defective Viral Genome Production. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1794. [PMID: 39338469 PMCID: PMC11434300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that poses an emerging threat to humans. In a manner similar to other RNA viruses, CHIKV encodes an error-prone RNA polymerase which, in addition to producing full-length genomes, gives rise to truncated, non-functional genomes, which have been coined defective viral genomes (DVGs). DVGs have been intensively studied in the context of therapy, as they can inhibit viral replication and dissemination in their hosts. In this work, we interrogate the influence of viral RNA secondary structures on the production of CHIKV DVGs. We experimentally map RNA secondary structures of the CHIKV genome using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP), which couples chemical labelling with next-generation sequencing. We correlate the inferred secondary structure with preferred deletion sites of CHIKV DVGs. We document an increased probability of DVG generation with truncations at unpaired nucleotides within the secondary structure. We then generated a CHIKV mutant bearing synonymous changes at the nucleotide level to disrupt the existing RNA secondary structure (CHIKV-D2S). We show that CHIKV-D2S presents altered DVG generation compared to wild-type virus, correlating with the change in RNA secondary structure obtained by SHAPE-MaP. Our work thus demonstrates that RNA secondary structure impacts CHIKV DVG production during replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Levi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
- Infectious Disease Department, Université Paris Cité and Hôpital Saint-Louis and Lariboisière, APHP, INSERM U944, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emily A. Madden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jeremy Boussier
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
| | - Diana Erazo
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
| | - Wes Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Veronika Bernhauerova
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
| | - Nathaniel J. Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France (M.V.)
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Khau S, Lopatynski C. Les génomes viraux défectueux du virus Chikungunya: Vers une nouvelle approche d’antiviraux à large spectre ? Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:955-959. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Le Master 2 « Infectiologie, Immunologie, Vaccinologie et Biomédicaments (I2VB) », dispensé à la faculté de Pharmacie de l’université de Tours, propose de donner les bases conceptuelles et pratiques des différents aspects de l’infectiologie et de l’immunologie dans un contexte d’innovation thérapeutique. Il s’appuie sur une coopération exemplaire entre les équipes de recherche en infectiologie et en immunologie de l’université de Tours, et celles, entre autres, de l’unité « Infectiologie et Santé Publique » (ISP) et de l’unité « Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements » (PRC) du Centre INRAE de Tours-Nouzilly, concrétisée par une profonde interaction entre chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs. Cette formation aborde aussi bien les aspects fondamentaux et appliqués de l’infectiologie et de l’immunologie, allant de l’étude moléculaire des interactions entre le pathogène et son hôte, jusqu’à la conception et la mise sur le marché des produits de la vaccinologie, des biothérapies anti-infectieuses et des anticorps thérapeutiques.
Le Master 2 I2VB a pour objectif de former :
– de jeunes scientifiques aux enjeux actuels de l’infectiologie et des biomédicaments tels que les anticorps.
– des experts pour gérer les risques d’émergences, et capables de comprendre les interactions complexes entre un agent infectieux et son hôte humain ou animal, capables de proposer des mesures préventives ou des thérapies innovantes.
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Deciphering the Tissue Tropism of the RNA Viromes Harbored by Field-Collected Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0134422. [PMID: 35968979 PMCID: PMC9604083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01344-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses and insect-specific viruses (ISVs) are two major types of viruses harbored by mosquitoes that are distinguished by the involvement of vertebrate hosts in their transmission cycles. While intensive studies have focused on the transmission, tissue tropism, and evolution of arboviruses, these characteristics are poorly investigated in ISVs, which dominate the mosquito virome. Therefore, in this study, we collected two mosquito species, Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the field and used a metatranscriptomics approach to characterize their RNA viromes in different tissues, such as the midgut, legs, salivary gland, eggs, and the remainder of the carcass. Blood-engorged individuals of these species were captured in 3 locations, and 60 mosquitoes were pooled from each species and location. A total of 40 viral species from diverse viral taxa associated with all viral RNA genome types were identified, among which 19 were newly identified in this study. According to the current viral taxonomy, some of these viruses, such as Yancheng Anopheles associated virus 2 (Narnaviridae) and Jiangsu Anopheles-related virus (Ghabrivirales), were novel. The two investigated mosquito species generally harbored distinct viromes. Nevertheless, the viruses were generally shared among different tissue types to various degrees. Specifically, the eggs possessed a viral community with significantly lower diversity and abundance than those in other tissues, whereas the legs and salivary glands exhibited higher viral abundance. The compositions and distributions of the viromes of different mosquito tissues were demonstrated for the first time in our study, providing important insight into the virome dynamics within individual mosquitoes. IMPORTANCE ISVs are considered to be ancestral to arboviruses. Because of their medical importance, arboviruses have been well studied from the aspects of their transmission mode, evolution of dual-host tropism, and genetic dynamics within mosquito vectors. However, the mode of ISV maintenance is poorly understood, even though many novel ISVs have been identified with the emergence of sequencing technology. In our study, in addition to the identification of a diverse virus community, the tissue tropism of RNA viromes harbored by two field-collected mosquito species was demonstrated for the first time. According to the results, the virus communities of different tissues, such as the salivary glands, midguts, legs, and eggs, can help us understand the evolution, transmission routes, and maintenance modes of mosquito-specific viruses in nature.
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Nana-Ndjangwo SM, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Mony R, Demanou M, Keumezeu-Tsafack J, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Bilong Bilong CF, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Assessment of Dengue and Chikungunya Infections among Febrile Patients Visiting Four Healthcare Centres in Yaoundé and Dizangué, Cameroon. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102127. [PMID: 36298682 PMCID: PMC9612120 DOI: 10.3390/v14102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are now widely distributed in Cameroon, but there is still not enough information on their prevalence in different epidemiological settings. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in both urban and rural settings in Cameroon using three diagnostic tools. From December 2019 to September 2021, willing febrile (temperature >38 °C) outpatients visiting four healthcare facilities in the cities of Yaoundé and Dizangué were screened for dengue, and chikungunya. Clinical features of patient were recorded in a form, and their blood samples were analysed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). Odds ratios were used to determine the level of association between socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and infection status. The Kappa coefficient permitted to assess the level of agreement between RDTs and ELISA. Overall, 301 febrile patients were recruited in the study: 198 in Yaoundé and 103 in Dizangué. The prevalence of infection varied with the diagnostic tool used. For dengue diagnostics, 110 patients were positive to rtRT-PCR: 90 (45.45%) in Yaoundé, and 20 (19.42%) in Dizangué. The prevalence of dengue IgM using ELISA varied from 22.3% in Dizangué to 30.8% in Yaoundé. Dengue IgM rate using RDTs was 7.6% in Yaoundé and 3.9% in Dizangué. For chikungunya, one (0.5%) patient (Yaoundé, suburb) was positive to rtRT-PCR. The prevalence of chikungunya IgM according to ELISA varied from 18.4% in Dizangué to 21.7% in Yaoundé, while it was 4.5% in Yaoundé and 12.6% in Dizangué with RDTs. Only abdominal and retro-orbital pains were significantly associated with acute dengue infection. All four dengue serotypes were recorded, with a predominance of DENV-3 (35.45%) and DENV-4 (25.45%). Rapid Diagnostic Tests for either chikungunya or dengue displayed very poor sensitivity. This study further confirms the high endemicity of both dengue and chikungunya in Yaoundé and Dizangué. These data stress the need for active surveillance and the implementation of vector control measures to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.-N.); (C.A.-N.)
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Ruth Mony
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Demanou
- World Health Organization, IST West Africa, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7019, Burkina Faso
| | - Joyce Keumezeu-Tsafack
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
| | - Charles Félix Bilong Bilong
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 337, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.-N.); (C.A.-N.)
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Levi LI, Rezelj VV, Henrion-Lacritick A, Erazo D, Boussier J, Vallet T, Bernhauerová V, Suzuki Y, Carrau L, Weger-Lucarelli J, Saleh MC, Vignuzzi M. Defective viral genomes from chikungunya virus are broad-spectrum antivirals and prevent virus dissemination in mosquitoes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009110. [PMID: 33556143 PMCID: PMC7870000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are truncated and/or rearranged viral genomes produced during virus replication. Described in many RNA virus families, some of them have interfering activity on their parental virus and/or strong immunostimulatory potential, and are being considered in antiviral approaches. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes spp. that infected millions of humans in the last 15 years. Here, we describe the DVGs arising during CHIKV infection in vitro in mammalian and mosquito cells, and in vivo in experimentally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We combined experimental and computational approaches to select DVG candidates most likely to have inhibitory activity and showed that, indeed, they strongly interfere with CHIKV replication both in mammalian and mosquito cells. We further demonstrated that some DVGs present broad-spectrum activity, inhibiting several CHIKV strains and other alphaviruses. Finally, we showed that pre-treating Aedes aegypti with DVGs prevented viral dissemination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Levi
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- École doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronica V. Rezelj
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Diana Erazo
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - J Boussier
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- École doctorale Frontières du vivant, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Veronika Bernhauerová
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNAi Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- École doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNAi Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
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6
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Noval MG, Rodriguez-Rodriguez BA, Rangel MV, Stapleford KA. Evolution-Driven Attenuation of Alphaviruses Highlights Key Glycoprotein Determinants Regulating Viral Infectivity and Dissemination. Cell Rep 2020; 28:460-471.e5. [PMID: 31291581 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of arbovirus transmission and pathogenesis is essential to develop strategies for treatment and prevention. We previously took an in vivo evolution-based approach and identified the chikungunya virus E1 glycoprotein residue 80 to play a critical role in viral transmission and pathogenesis. In this study, we address the genetic conservation and function of position 80 and demonstrate that this residue is a key determinant in alphavirus infectivity and dissemination through modulation of viral fusion and cholesterol dependence. In addition, in studying the evolution of position 80, we identified a network of glycoprotein residues, including epidemic determinants, that regulate virus dissemination and infectivity. These studies underscore the importance of taking evolution-based approaches to not only identify key viral determinants driving arbovirus transmission and pathogenesis but also to uncover fundamental aspects of arbovirus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Noval
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Margarita V Rangel
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kenneth A Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Fu JYL, Chua CL, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WYW, Wong HV, Chan YF, Sam IC. An amino acid change in nsP4 of chikungunya virus confers fitness advantage in human cell lines rather than in Aedes albopictus. J Gen Virol 2020; 100:1541-1553. [PMID: 31613205 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused large-scale epidemics of fever, rash and arthritis since 2004. This unprecedented re-emergence has been associated with mutations in genes encoding structural envelope proteins, providing increased fitness in the secondary vector Aedes albopictus. In the 2008-2013 CHIKV outbreaks across Southeast Asia, an R82S mutation in non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) emerged early in Malaysia or Singapore and quickly became predominant. To determine whether this nsP4-R82S mutation provides a selective advantage in host cells, which may have contributed to the epidemic, the fitness of infectious clone-derived CHIKV with wild-type nsP4-82R and mutant nsP4-82S were compared in Ae. albopictus and human cell lines. Viral infectivity, dissemination and transmission in Ae. albopictus were not affected by the mutation when the two variants were tested separately. In competition, the nsP4-82R variant showed an advantage over nsP4-82S in dissemination to the salivary glands, but only in late infection (10 days). In human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and embryonic kidney (HEK-293T) cell lines coinfected at a 1 : 1 ratio, wild-type nsP4-82R virus was rapidly outcompeted by nsP4-82S virus as early as one passage (3 days). In conclusion, the nsP4-R82S mutation provides a greater selective advantage in human cells than in Ae. albopictus, which may explain its apparent natural selection during CHIKV spread in Southeast Asia. This is an unusual example of a naturally occurring mutation in a non-structural protein, which may have facilitated epidemic transmission of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Vern Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Yang Y, Xu Z, Zheng H, Song J, Wu Y, Tong Z, Yuan J, Wong G, Liu WJ, Bi Y, Liu Y, Gao GF. Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Chikungunya Virus Imported into Shenzhen, China. Virol Sin 2019; 35:115-119. [PMID: 31637634 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Haixia Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Jingdong Song
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - William J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - George F Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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9
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Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidates with Decreased Mutational Robustness Are Attenuated In Vivo and Have Compromised Transmissibility. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00775-19. [PMID: 31270226 PMCID: PMC6714818 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00775-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerged arbovirus, a member of the Togaviridae family. It circulates through mosquito vectors mainly of the Aedes family and a mammalian host. CHIKV causes chikungunya fever, a mild to severe disease characterized by arthralgia, with some fatal outcomes described. In the past years, several outbreaks mainly caused by enhanced adaptation of the virus to the vector and ineffective control of the contacts between infected mosquito populations and the human host have been reported. Vaccines represent the best solution for the control of insect-borne viruses, including CHIKV, but are often unavailable. We designed live attenuated CHIKVs by applying a rational genomic design based on multiple replacements of synonymous codons. In doing so, the virus mutational robustness (capacity to maintain phenotype despite introduction of mutations to genotype) is decreased, driving the viral population toward deleterious evolutionary trajectories. When the candidate viruses were tested in the insect and mammalian hosts, we observed overall strong attenuation in both and greatly diminished signs of disease. Moreover, we found that the vaccine candidates elicited protective immunity related to the production of neutralizing antibodies after a single dose. During an experimental transmission cycle between mosquitoes and naive mice, vaccine candidates could be transmitted by mosquito bite, leading to asymptomatic infection in mice with compromised dissemination. Using deep-sequencing technology, we observed an increase in detrimental (stop) codons, which confirmed the effectiveness of this genomic design. Because the approach involves hundreds of synonymous modifications to the genome, the reversion risk is significantly reduced, rendering the viruses promising vaccine candidates.IMPORTANCE Chikungunya fever is a debilitating disease that causes severe pain to the joints, which can compromise the patient's lifestyle for several months and even in some grave cases lead to death. The etiological agent is chikungunya virus, an alphavirus transmitted by mosquito bite. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or treatments against the disease. In our research, we developed novel live attenuated vaccine candidates against chikungunya virus by applying an innovative genomic design. When tested in the insect and mammalian host, the vaccine candidates did not cause disease, elicited strong protection against further infection, and had low risk of reversion to pathogenic phenotypes.
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Fischer C, de Lamballerie X, Drexler JF. Enhanced Molecular Surveillance of Chikungunya Virus. mSphere 2019; 4:e00295-19. [PMID: 31270168 PMCID: PMC6609226 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00295-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of the emerging arbovirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) affect millions of individuals in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Vector competence can be changed dramatically by single amino acid exchanges located predominantly within the CHIKV E1 and E2 envelope proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility by anthropophilic Aedes mosquitoes. Commonly used reference assays for molecular surveillance cover only a few adaptive mutations within the envelope domains and have not been validated for all CHIKV genotypes. The recognized landscape of CHIKV adaptive mutations is thus likely incomplete. We designed two nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays that cover hot spots of viral adaptation to vectors within the E1 and E2 genomic domains. Primers were designed in conserved genomic regions to allow broad usability across CHIKV genotypes. The sensitivity of both assays was at least equivalent to E1- and E2-based reference assays and robust among CHIKV genotypes at 51.4 IU/reaction (E1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 39.8 to 78.9) and 4.0 IU/reaction (E2, 95% CI, 2.0 to 7.4). Upon analysis of the complete known CHIKV genomic diversity, up to 11 nucleotide mismatches with CHIKV variants occurred under oligonucleotide binding sites of reference assays, potentially limiting assay sensitivity, whereas no critical mismatches occurred in the new assays. Specificity testing with nine alphaviruses representing all serocomplexes showed amplification of Mayaro virus and O'nyong-nyong virus by the E1-based assay, but not by the E2-based assay. The high sensitivity and specificity of the new E2-based assay may allow its diagnostic usage in resource-limited settings. The combined new assays allow improved molecular epidemiological surveillance of CHIKV globally.IMPORTANCE The life cycle of arboviruses relies on efficient infection of and transmission by arthropod vectors. Adaptation to new vectors can thus dramatically increase the geographic range of an arbovirus. Several adaptive mutations enhance chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmissibility by different mosquito species. The appearance of those adaptive mutations has led to large-scale CHIKV outbreaks in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Molecular surveillance of circulating CHIKV strains for adaptive mutations contributes to precise risk assessments and efficient vector control and provides new insight into the evolution of vector adaptation. Existing assays for molecular CHIKV surveillance are limited by poor coverage of known adaptive mutations, low sensitivity, and cost-intensive deep sequencing approaches, preventing universal application. We developed two highly sensitive nested RT-PCR assays that cover hot spots of vector adaptation in CHIKV envelope domains. The new assays allow unprecedented molecular surveillance across all CHIKV genotypes and diagnostic use in resource-limited settings globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fischer
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. Though reports of an illness consistent with chikungunya date back over 200 years, CHIKV only gained worldwide attention during a massive pandemic that began in East Africa in 2004. Chikungunya, the clinical illness caused by CHIKV, is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever and debilitating joint pain, though in practice, etiologic confirmation of CHIKV requires the availability and use of specific laboratory diagnostics. Similar to infections caused by other arboviruses, CHIKV infections are most commonly detected with a combination of molecular and serological methods, though cell culture and antigen detection are reported. This review provides an overview of available CHIKV diagnostics and highlights aspects of basic virology and epidemiology that pertain to viral detection. Although the number of chikungunya cases has decreased since 2014, CHIKV has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in naive individuals. Consistent access to accurate diagnostics is needed to detect individual cases and initiate timely responses to new outbreaks.
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Levi LI, Vignuzzi M. Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050133. [PMID: 31091828 PMCID: PMC6560413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are responsible for a dengue-like syndrome associated with severe debilitating polyarthralgia that can persist for months or years and impact life quality. Chikungunya virus is the most well-known member of this family since it was responsible for two worldwide epidemics with millions of cases in the last 15 years. However, other arthritogenic alphaviruses that are as of yet restrained to specific territories are the cause of neglected tropical diseases: O'nyong'nyong virus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mayaro virus in Latin America, and Ross River virus in Australia and the Pacific island countries and territories. This review evaluates their emerging potential in light of the current knowledge for each of them and in comparison to chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Levi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
- Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Populations Virales et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
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Assessment of Immunogenicity and Neutralisation Efficacy of Viral-Vectored Vaccines Against Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040322. [PMID: 30987160 PMCID: PMC6521086 DOI: 10.3390/v11040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused extensive outbreaks in several countries within the Americas, Asia, Oceanic/Pacific Islands, and Europe. In humans, CHIKV infections cause a debilitating disease with acute febrile illness and long-term polyarthralgia. Acute and chronic symptoms impose a major economic burden to health systems and contribute to poverty in affected countries. An efficacious vaccine would be an important step towards decreasing the disease burden caused by CHIKV infection. Despite no licensed vaccine is yet available for CHIKV, there is strong evidence of effective asymptomatic viral clearance due to neutralising antibodies against the viral structural proteins. We have designed viral-vectored vaccines to express the structural proteins of CHIKV, using the replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral platform, ChAdOx1. Expression of the CHIKV antigens results in the formation of chikungunya virus-like particles. Our vaccines induce high frequencies of anti-chikungunya specific T-cell responses as well as high titres of anti-CHIKV E2 antibodies with high capacity for in vitro neutralisation. Our results indicate the potential for further clinical development of the ChAdOx1 vaccine platform in CHIKV vaccinology.
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Zhang X, Mao G, van den Pol AN. Chikungunya-vesicular stomatitis chimeric virus targets and eliminates brain tumors. Virology 2018; 522:244-259. [PMID: 30055515 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) shows potential for targeting and killing cancer cells, but can be dangerous in the brain due to its neurotropic glycoprotein. Here we test a chimeric virus in which the VSV glycoprotein is replaced with the Chikungunya polyprotein E3-E2-6K-E1 (VSVΔG-CHIKV). Control mice with brain tumors survived a mean of 40 days after tumor implant. VSVΔG-CHIKV selectively infected and eliminated the tumor, and extended survival substantially in all tumor-bearing mice to over 100 days. VSVΔG-CHIKV also targeted intracranial primary patient derived melanoma xenografts. Virus injected into one melanoma spread to other melanomas within the same brain with little detectable infection of normal cells. Intravenous VSVΔG-CHIKV infected tumor cells but not normal tissue. In immunocompetent mice, VSVΔG-CHIKV selectively infected mouse melanoma cells within the brain. These data suggest VSVΔG-CHIKV can target and destroy brain tumors in multiple animal models without the neurotropism associated with the wild type VSV glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Guochao Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Anthony N van den Pol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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Abstract
The power and ease of Drosophila genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and vector mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Palmer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Infection, Evolution and Immunity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL UK.
| | - Finny S Varghese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
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