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Wongkaew A, Nakamura SI, Rai H, Yokoyama T, Nakasathien S, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Phloem-specific overexpression of AtOPT6 alters glutathione, phytochelatin, and cadmium distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112238. [PMID: 39181407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6 is reportedly involved in the long-distance transport of thiol compounds into sink organs. In the present study, transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing AtOPT6 under the control of a phloem-specific promoter, sucrose-proton symporter 2 (pSUC2), were analyzed for thiol and cadmium (Cd) distribution during the reproductive stage, both with and without Cd exposure. Phloem specific AtOPT6-overexpressing lines did not exhibit an evident impact on bolting time. In the absence of Cd exposure, these transgenic lines showed significantly enhanced transport of endogenous glutathione into siliques, accompanied by a reduction in the glutathione content of flowers and roots during the reproductive stage. Additionally, exposure of the roots of the phloem specific AtOPT6-overexpressing lines to Cd altered the distribution of thiol compounds, resulting in an increase in the content of phytochelatins in sink organs, contributing to a significant elevation of Cd contents in reproductive sink. Our findings confirm the crucial role of AtOPT6 in unloading phytochelatin-Cd conjugates from the phloem into sink organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Wongkaew
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Rai
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- The Faculty of Food and Agricultural Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Sutkhet Nakasathien
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Grattapaglia D, Alves WBDS, Pacheco CAP. High-density linkage to physical mapping in a unique Tall × Dwarf coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) outbred F 2 uncovers a major QTL for flowering time colocalized with the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408239. [PMID: 38887458 PMCID: PMC11180721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The coconut tree crop (Cocos nucifera L.) provides vital resources for millions of people worldwide. Coconut germplasm is largely classified into 'Tall' (Typica) and 'Dwarf' (Nana) types. While Tall coconuts are outcrossing, stress tolerant, and late flowering, Dwarf coconuts are inbred and flower early with a high rate of bunch emission. Precocity determines the earlier production of a plantation and facilitates management and harvest. Methods A unique outbred F2 population was used, generated by intercrossing F1 hybrids between Brazilian Green Dwarf from Jiqui (BGDJ) and West African Tall (WAT) cultivars. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers fixed for alternative alleles in the two varieties, segregating in an F2 configuration, were used to build a high-density linkage map with ~3,000 SNPs, anchored to the existing chromosome-level genome assemblies, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis was carried out. Results The linkage map established the chromosome numbering correspondence between the two reference genome versions and the relationship between recombination rate, physical distance, and gene density in the coconut genomes. Leveraging the strong segregation for precocity inherited from the Dwarf cultivar in the F2, a major effect QTL with incomplete dominance was mapped for flowering time. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene homologs of coconut previously described as putatively involved in flowering time by alternative splice variant analysis were colocalized within a ~200-kb window of the major effect QTL [logarithm of the odds (LOD) = 11.86]. Discussion Our work provides strong phenotype-based evidence for the role of the FT locus as the putative underlying functional variant for the flowering time difference between Dwarf and Tall coconuts. Major effect QTLs were also detected for developmental traits of the palm, plausibly suggesting pleiotropism of the FT locus for other precocity traits. Haplotypes of the two SNPs flanking the flowering time QTL inherited from the Dwarf parent BGDJ caused a reduction in the time to flower of approximately 400 days. These SNPs could be used for high-throughput marker-assisted selection of early-flowering and higher-productivity recombinant lines, providing innovative genetic material to the coconut industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Grattapaglia
- EMBRAPA - Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wellington Bruno dos Santos Alves
- EMBRAPA - Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Qiu C, Wang T, Wang H, Tao Z, Wang C, Ma J, Li S, Zhao Y, Liu J, Li P. SISTER OF FCA physically associates with SKB1 to regulate flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38486139 PMCID: PMC10941358 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper flowering time is important for the growth and development of plants, and both too early and too late flowering impose strong negative influences on plant adaptation and seed yield. Thus, it is vitally important to study the mechanism underlying flowering time control in plants. In a previous study by the authors, genome-wide association analysis was used to screen the candidate gene SISTER OF FCA (SSF) that regulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central gene encoding a flowering suppressor in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS SSF physically interacts with Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, SKB1). Subcellular co-localization analysis showed that SSF and SKB1 interact in the nucleus. Genetically, SSF and SKB1 exist in the same regulatory pathway that controls FLC expression. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that both SSF and SKB1 regulate certain common pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PRMT5 interacts with SSF, thus controlling FLC expression and facilitating flowering time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Qiu
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuai Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jifang Liu
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Schoolof Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Yin X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Su Q, Zong J, Zhu X, Bao Y. GhCOL2 Positively Regulates Flowering by Activating the Transcription of GhHD3A in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10727-3. [PMID: 38436815 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated signaling networks to adjust flowering time, ensuring successful reproduction. Two crucial flowering regulators, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and CONSTANS (CO), play pivotal roles in regulating flowering across various species. Previous studies have indicated that suppressing Gossypium hirsutum CONSTANS-LIKE 2 (GhCOL2), a homolog of Arabidopsis CO, leads to delayed flowering in cultivated cotton. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a yeast one-hybrid and dual-LUC expression assays were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism through which GhCOL2 regulates the transcription of GhHD3A. RT-qPCR was used to examine the expression of GhCOL2 and GhHD3A. Our findings reveal that GhCOL2 directly binds to CCACA cis-elements and atypical CORE (TGTGTATG) cis-elements in the promoter regions of HEADING DATE 3 A (HD3A), thereby activating GhHD3A transcription. Notably, GhCOL2 and GhHD3A exhibited high expression levels in the adult stage and low levels in the juvenile stage. Interestingly, the expression of GhCOL2 and GhHD3A varied significant between the two cotton varieties (Tx2094 and Maxxa). In summary, our study enhances the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which cotton GhCOL2-GhHD3A regulates flowering at the molecular level. Furthermore, it contributes to a broader comprehension of the GhCOL2-GhHD3A model in G. hirsutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Su
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zong
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
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Kumar A, Mushtaq M, Kumar P, Sharma DP, Gahlaut V. Insights into flowering mechanisms in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) amidst climate change: An exploration of genetic and epigenetic factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130593. [PMID: 38408683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) holds a prominent position among global temperate fruit crops, with flowering playing a crucial role in both production and breeding. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms governing apple flowering amidst the backdrop of climate change, acknowledging the profound influence of external and internal factors on biennial bearing, flower bud quality, and ultimately, fruit quality. Notably, the challenge faced in major apple production regions is not an inadequacy of flowers but an excess, leading to compromised fruit quality necessitating thinning practices. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, rendering apple trees more susceptible to crop failure due to unusual weather events, such as reduced winter snowfall, early spring cold weather, and hailstorms during flowering and fruit setting. Altered climatic conditions, exemplified by increased spring warming coupled with sub-freezing temperatures, negatively impact developing flower buds and decrease overall crop production. Furthermore, changing winter conditions affect chilling accumulation, disrupting flower development and synchronicity. Although the physiological perception of apple flowering has been reviewed in the past, the genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics regulatory mechanisms governing floral induction and flowering are still rarely discussed in the case of apple flowering. This article comprehensively reviews the latest literature encompassing all aspects of apple flowering, aiming to broaden our understanding and address flowering challenges while also laying a solid foundation for future research in developing cultivars that are ideally adapted to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kumar
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India.
| | - Dharam Paul Sharma
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India.
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Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wei Y. Genome-wide identification of PEBP gene family in pineapple reveal its potential functions in flowering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277436. [PMID: 37965004 PMCID: PMC10641017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) plays an important role in regulating flowering time and morphogenesis of plants. However, the identification and functional analysis of PEBP gene in pineapple (AcPEBP) have not been systematically studied. The pineapple genome contained 11 PEBP family members, which were subsequently classified into three subfamilies (FT-like, TFL-like and MFT-like) based on phylogenetic relationships. The arrangement of these 11 shows an unequal pattern across the six chromosomes of pineapple the pineapple genome. The anticipated outcomes of the promoter cis-acting elements indicate that the PEBP gene is subject to regulation by diverse light signals and endogenous hormones such as ethylene. The findings from transcriptome examination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicate that FT-like members AcFT3 and AcFT4 display a heightened expression level, specifically within the floral structures. The expression of AcFT3 and AcFT4 increases sharply and remains at a high level after 4 days of ethylene induction, while the expression of AcFT7 and AcMFT1 decreases gradually during the flowering process. Additionally, AcFT3, AcFT4 and AcFT7 show specific expression in different floral organs of pineapple. These outcomes imply that members belonging to the FT-like subfamily may have a significant impact on the process of bud differentiation and flower development. Through transcriptional activation analysis, it was determined that AcFT4 possesses transcriptional activation capability and is situated in the nucleus and peripheral cytoplasm. Overexpression of AcFT4 in Arabidopsis resulted in the promotion of early flowering by 6-7 days. The protein interaction prediction network identified potential flower regulators, including CO, AP1, LFY and SOC1, that may interact with PEBP proteins. This study explores flower development in pineapple, thereby serving as a valuable reference for future research endeavors in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yanwei Ouyang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Ziqiong Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
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Li Y, Zhao M, Cai K, Liu L, Han R, Pei X, Zhang L, Zhao X. Phytohormone biosynthesis and transcriptional analyses provide insight into the main growth stage of male and female cones Pinus koraiensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273409. [PMID: 37885661 PMCID: PMC10598626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The cone is a crucial component of the whole life cycle of gymnosperm and an organ for sexual reproduction of gymnosperms. In Pinus koraiensis, the quantity and development process of male and female cones directly influence seed production, which in turn influences the tree's economic value. There are, however, due to the lack of genetic information and genomic data, the morphological development and molecular mechanism of female and male cones of P. koraiensis have not been analyzed. Long-term phenological observations were used in this study to document the main process of the growth of both male and female cones. Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone levels at three critical developmental stages were then analyzed to identify the regulatory networks that control these stages of cones development. The most significant plant hormones influencing male and female cones growth were discovered to be gibberellin and brassinosteroids, according to measurements of endogenous hormone content. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing allowed the identification of 71,097 and 31,195 DEGs in male and female cones. The synthesis and control of plant hormones during cones growth were discovered via enrichment analysis of key enrichment pathways. FT and other flowering-related genes were discovered in the coexpression network of flower growth development, which contributed to the growth development of male and female cones of P. koraiensis. The findings of this work offer a cutting-edge foundation for understanding reproductive biology and the molecular mechanisms that control the growth development of male and female cones in P. koraiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Deng Q, Zhang Y, Liu K, Zheng G, Gao L, Li Z, Huang M, Jiang Y. Transcriptome profiles reveal gene regulation of ginger flowering induced by photoperiod and light quality. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:12. [PMID: 37237171 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under natural conditions, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rarely blossom and has seed, which limits new variety breeding of ginger and industry development. In this study, the effects of different photoperiods and light quality on flowering induction in ginger were performed, followed by gene expression analysis of flower buds differentiation under induced treatment using RNA-seq technology. RESULTS First, both red light and long light condition (18 h light/6 h dark) could effectively induce differentiation of flower buds in ginger. Second, a total of 3395 differentially expressed genes were identified from several different comparisons, among which nine genes, including CDF1, COP1, GHD7, RAV2-like, CO, FT, SOC1, AP1 and LFY, were identified to be associated with flowering in induced flower buds and natural leaf buds. Aside from four down-regulated genes (CDF1, COP1, GHD7 and RAV2-like), other five genes were all up-regulated expression. These differentially expressed genes were mainly classified into 2604 GO categories, which were further enriched into 120 KEGG metabolic pathways. Third, expression change of flowering-related genes in ginger indicated that the induction may negatively regulated expression of CDF1, COP1, GHD7 and RAV2-like, and subsequently positively regulated expression of CO, FT, SOC1, LFY and AP1, which finally led to ginger flowering. In addition, the RNA-seq results were verified by qRT-PCR analysis of 18 randomly selected genes, which further demonstrated the reliability of transcriptome analysis. CONCLUSION This study revealed the ginger flowering mechanism induced by light treatment and provided abundant gene information, which contribute to the development of hybrid breeding of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Deng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yangtao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Longyan Gao
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Yusong Jiang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Dai X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Ran M, Zhang J, Deng K, Ji G, Xiao L, Zhou X. Transcriptome and functional analysis revealed the intervention of brassinosteroid in regulation of cold induced early flowering in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136884. [PMID: 37063233 PMCID: PMC10102362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cold environmental conditions may often lead to the early flowering of plants, and the mechanism by cold-induced flowering remains poorly understood. Microscopy analysis in this study demonstrated that cold conditioning led to early flower bud differentiation in two tobacco strains and an Agilent Tobacco Gene Expression microarray was adapted for transcriptomic analysis on the stem tips of cold treated tobacco to gain insight into the molecular process underlying flowering in tobacco. The transcriptomic analysis showed that cold treatment of two flue-cured tobacco varieties (Xingyan 1 and YunYan 85) yielded 4176 and 5773 genes that were differentially expressed, respectively, with 2623 being commonly detected. Functional distribution revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in protein metabolism, RNA, stress, transport, and secondary metabolism. Genes involved in secondary metabolism, cell wall, and redox were nearly all up-regulated in response to the cold conditioning. Further analysis demonstrated that the central genes related to brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway, circadian system, and flowering pathway were significantly enhanced in the cold treated tobacco. Phytochemical measurement and qRT-PCR revealed an increased accumulation of brassinolide and a decreased expression of the flowering locus c gene. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of NtBRI1 could induce early flowering in tobacco under normal condition. And low-temperature-induced early flowering in NtBRI1 overexpression plants were similar to that of normal condition. Consistently, low-temperature-induced early flowering is partially suppressed in NtBRI1 mutant. Together, the results suggest that cold could induce early flowering of tobacco by activating brassinosteroid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Dai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Mao Ran
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiankui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexuan Deng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxin Ji
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lizeng Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Sun Y, Ren T, Zhao J, Zhao W, Nie L. Expression patterns of ABCE model genes during flower development of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 47:119306. [PMID: 36739937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2023.119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In production, most cultivars of melon are andromonoecious and characterized by carrying both male and bisexual flowers on the same plant. In this study, four A-class genes (CmAP1a, CmAP1b, CmAP2a and CmAP2b), two B-class genes (CmAP3 and CmPI), two C-class genes (CmAGa and CmAGb) and four E-class genes (CmSEP1,2,3,4) were identified in melon. However, no D-class gene of melon was identified. The conserved domains of ABCE function proteins showed relatively high similarity between Arabidopsis and melon. The expression patterns of ABCE homeotic genes in different flower buds of melon suggested that transcripts of CmAP1a, CmPI and CmSEP1 in bisexual buds were significantly lower than that in male flower buds, while the expression levels of CmAGa, CmAGb and CmSEP4 in bisexual flower buds were significantly higher than that in male flower buds. There was no significant difference in expression levels of other ABCE model genes between male buds and bisexual buds. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was performed in different floral organs of bisexual flowers in melon. For A class genes, CmAP1a and CmAP1b showed the highest accumulation in sepals than petals, stamens and pistil, while CmAP2a and CmAP2b revealed the highest expression in pistil than other three floral organs. For B class genes, CmAP3 and CmPI were highly accumulated in petals and stamens though CmAP3 also showed abundant accumulation in pistil. For C class genes, the expression levels of CmAGa and CmAGb were higher in stamens and pistil than that in sepals and petals. For E class genes, CmSEP1 showed higher expression level in sepals and petals than stamens and pistil. CmSEP2, CmSEP3 and CmSEP4 showed the highest accumulation in pistil than other floral organs. These results provided a theoretical basis for studying the function of ABCE homeotic genes in floral organs development of melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Ren
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jiateng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetative Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Lanchun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetative Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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11
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Ju L, Dong H, Yang R, Jing Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhu Y, Chen KM, Ping J, Sun J. BIN2 phosphorylates the Thr280 of CO to restrict its function in promoting Arabidopsis flowering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1068949. [PMID: 36794216 PMCID: PMC9923014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1068949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS (CO) is a central regulator of floral initiation in response to photoperiod. In this study, we show that the GSK3 kinase BIN2 physically interacts with CO and the gain-of-function mutant bin2-1 displays late flowering phenotype through down-regulation of FT transcription. Genetic analyses show that BIN2 genetically acts upstream of CO in regulating flowering time. Further, we illustrate that BIN2 phosphorylates the Thr280 residue of CO. Importantly, the BIN2 phosphorylation of Thr280 residue restricts the function of CO in promoting flowering through affecting its DNA-binding activity. Moreover, we reveal that the N-terminal part of CO harboring the B-Box domain mediates the interaction of both CO-CO and BIN2-CO. We find that BIN2 inhibits the formation of CO dimer/oligomer. Taken together, this study reveals that BIN2 regulates flowering time through phosphorylating the Thr280 of CO and inhibiting the CO-CO interaction in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ju
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yexing Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junai Ping
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Lekshmi RS, Sora S, Anith KN, Soniya EV. Root colonization by the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica shortens the juvenile phase of Piper nigrum L. by fine tuning the floral promotion pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954693. [PMID: 36479508 PMCID: PMC9720737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, the mutualistic biotrophic root colonizing endosymbiotic fungus belonging to the order Sebacinales, offers host plants various benefits and enhances its growth and performance. The effect of colonization of P. indica in Piper nigrum L. cv. Panniyur1 on growth advantages, floral induction and evocation was investigated. Growth and yield benefits are credited to the alteration in the phytohormone levels fine-tuned by plants in response to the fungal colonization and perpetuation. The remarkable upregulation in the phytohormone levels, as estimated by LC- MS/MS and quantified by qRT-PCR, revealed the effectual contribution by the endophyte. qRT-PCR results revealed a significant shift in the expression of putative flowering regulatory genes in the photoperiod induction pathway (FLOWERING LOCUS T, LEAFY, APETALA1, AGAMOUS, SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1, GIGANTEA, PHYTOCHROMEA, and CRYPTOCHROME1) gibberellin biosynthetic pathway genes (GIBBERELLIN 20-OXIDASE2, GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE, DELLA PROTEIN REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 1) autonomous (FLOWERING LOCUS C, FLOWERING LOCUS VE, FLOWERING LOCUS CA), and age pathway (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER LIKE9, APETALA2). The endophytic colonization had no effect on vernalization (FLOWERING LOCUS C) or biotic stress pathways (SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2, WRKY family transcription factor 22). The data suggest that P. nigrum responds positively to P. indica colonization, affecting preponement in floral induction as well as evocation, and thereby shortening the juvenile phase of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Lekshmi
- Division of Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S. Sora
- Division of Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K. N. Anith
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - E. V. Soniya
- Division of Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Wang T, Liu M, Wu Y, Tian Y, Han Y, Liu C, Hao J, Fan S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MAPK Gene Family in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and Functional Analysis of LsMAPK4 in High- Temperature-Induced Bolting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11129. [PMID: 36232436 PMCID: PMC9569992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a widely distributed signaling cascade in eukaryotes and is involved in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. High temperature, a frequently occurring environmental stressor, causes premature bolting in lettuce with quality decline and yield loss. However, whether MAPKs play roles in thermally induced bolting remains poorly understood. In this study, 17 LsMAPK family members were identified from the lettuce genome. The physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, chromosome localization, phylogeny, gene structure, family evolution, cis-acting elements, and phosphorylation sites of the LsMAPK gene family were evaluated via in silico analysis. According to phylogenetic relationships, LsMAPKs can be divided into four groups, A, B, C, and D, which is supported by analyses of gene structure and conserved domains. The collinearity analysis showed that there were 5 collinearity pairs among LsMAPKs, 8 with AtMAPKs, and 13 with SlMAPKs. The predicted cis-acting elements and potential phosphorylation sites were closely associated with hormones, stress resistance, growth, and development. Expression analysis showed that most LsMAPKs respond to high temperatures, among which LsMAPK4 is significantly and continuously upregulated upon heat treatments. Under heat stress, the stem length of the LsMAPK4-knockdown lines was significantly shorter than that of the control plants, and the microscope observations demonstrated that the differentiation time of flower buds at the stem apex was delayed accordingly. Therefore, silencing of LsMAPK4 significantly inhibited the high- temperature-accelerated bolting in lettuce, indicating that LsMPAK4 might be a potential regulator of lettuce bolting. This study provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the MAPK genes in high-temperature-induced bolting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinhong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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14
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Xue Y, Xue J, Ren X, Li C, Sun K, Cui L, Lyu Y, Zhang X. Nutrient Supply Is Essential for Shifting Tree Peony Reflowering Ahead in Autumn and Sugar Signaling Is Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147703. [PMID: 35887047 PMCID: PMC9315773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The flowering time of tree peony is short and concentrated in spring, which limits the development of its industry. We previously achieved tree peony reflowering in autumn. Here, we further shifted its reflowering time ahead through proper gibberellin (GA) treatment plus nutrient supply. GA treatment alone initiated bud differentiation, but it aborted later, whereas GA plus nutrient (G + N) treatment completed the opening process 38 days before the control group. Through microstructural observation of bud differentiation and starch grains, we concluded that GA plays a triggering role in flowering induction, whereas the nutriment supply ensured the continuous developing for final opening, and both are necessary. We further determined the expression of five floral induction pathway genes and found that PsSOC1 and PsLFY probably played key integral roles in flowering induction and nutrient supply, respectively. Considering the GA signaling, PsGA2ox may be mainly involved in GA regulation, whereas PsGAI may regulate further flower formation after nutrient application. Furthermore, G + N treatment, but not GA alone, inhibited the expression of PsTPS1, a key restricting enzyme in sugar signaling, at the early stage, indicating that sugar signaling is also involved in this process; in addition, GA treatment induced high expression of PsSnRK1, a major nutrient insufficiency indicator, and the induction of PsHXK1, a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of sugar signaling substances, further confirmed the nutrient shortage. In short, besides GA application, exogenous nutrient supply is essential to shift tree peony reflowering ahead in autumn under current forcing culture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Changyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Kairong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Litao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Yingmin Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-130-5191-3339 (Y.L.); +86-10-8210-5944 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.X.); (X.R.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-130-5191-3339 (Y.L.); +86-10-8210-5944 (X.Z.)
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15
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Zhang C, An N, Jia P, Zhang W, Liang J, Zhou H, Zhang D, Ma J, Zhao C, Han M, Ren X, Xing L. MdNup62 interactions with MdHSFs involved in flowering and heat-stress tolerance in apple. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:317. [PMID: 35786201 PMCID: PMC9251929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of global warming, the apple flowering period is occurring significantly earlier, increasing the probability and degree of freezing injury. Moreover, extreme hot weather has also seriously affected the development of apple industry. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are main channels controlling nucleocytoplasmic transport, but their roles in regulating plant development and stress responses are still unknown. Here, we analysed the components of the apple NPC and found that MdNup62 interacts with MdNup54, forming the central NPC channel. MdNup62 was localized to the nuclear pore, and its expression was significantly up-regulated in 'Nagafu No. 2' tissue-cultured seedlings subjected to heat treatments. To determine MdNup62's function, we obtained MdNup62-overexpressed (OE) Arabidopsis and tomato lines that showed significantly reduced high-temperature resistance. Additionally, OE-MdNup62 Arabidopsis lines showed significantly earlier flowering compared with wild-type. Furthermore, we identified 62 putative MdNup62-interacting proteins and confirmed MdNup62 interactions with multiple MdHSFs. The OE-MdHSFA1d and OE-MdHSFA9b Arabidopsis lines also showed significantly earlier flowering phenotypes than wild-type, but had enhanced high-temperature resistance levels. Thus, MdNUP62 interacts with multiple MdHSFs during nucleocytoplasmic transport to regulate flowering and heat resistance in apple. The data provide a new theoretical reference for managing the impact of global warming on the apple industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Choi JH, Oh ES, Min H, Chae WB, Mandadi KK, Oh MH. Role of tyrosine autophosphorylation and methionine residues in BRI1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:833-841. [PMID: 35598220 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of plant growth hormones, control biomass accumulation and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and therefore are highly relevant to agriculture. BRs bind to the BR receptor protein, brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1), which is classified as a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase. Recently, we reported that BRI1 acts as a dual-specificity kinase both in vitro and in vivo by undergoing autophosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr) residues. OBJECTIVE In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth and early flowering phenotypes of transgenic lines expressing the mutated recombinant protein, BRI1(Y831F)-Flag, compared with those expressing BRI1-Flag. BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants showed a reduction in hypocotyl and petiole length compared with BRI1-Flag seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of flowering time-associated genes (AP1, AP2, AG, FLC, and SMZ) between BRI1(Y831F)-Flag and BRI1-Flag transgenic seedlings. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis of the BRI1 gene, and investigated the effect of methionine (Met) substitution in the extracellular domain (ECD) of BRI1 on plant growth and BR sensitivity by evaluating hypocotyl elongation and root growth inhibition. METHODS The pBIB-Hyg+-pBR-BRI1-Flag construct(Li et al. 2002) was used as the template for SDM with QuickChange XL Site Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) to make the SDM mutants. After PCR with SDM kit, add 1 μl of Dpn1 to PCR reaction. Incubate at 37 °C for 2 h to digest parental DNA and then transformed into XL10-gold competent cells. Transcriptome analysis was carried out at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA). RNA was prepared and hybridized to the Affymetrix GeneChip Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Array using the Gene Chip Express Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). RESULTS Tyrosine 831 autophosphorylation of BRI1 regulates Arabidopsis flowering time, and mutation of methionine residues in the extracellular domain of BRI1 affects hypocotyl and root length. BRI1(M656Q)-Flag, BRI1(M657Q)-Flag, and BRI1(M661Q)-Flag seedlings were insensitive to the BL treatment and showed no inhibition of root elongation. However, BRI1(M665Q)-Flag and BRI1(M671Q)-Flag seedlings were sensitive to the BL treatment, and exhibited root elongation inhibition. the early flowering phenotype of BRI1(Y831F)-Flag transgenic plants is consistent with the expression levels of key flowering-related genes, including those promoting flowering (AP1, AP2, and AG) and repressing flowering (FLC and SMZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hansol Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Won Byoung Chae
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Kranthi Kiran Mandadi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Li Y, Xin Q, Zhang Y, Liang M, Zhao G, Jiang D, Liu X, Zhang H. Comparative metabolome analysis unravels a close association between dormancy release and metabolic alteration induced by low temperature in lily bulbs. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1561-1572. [PMID: 35612596 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between dormancy release and metabolic metabolic changes in lily bulbs during low temperature storage was investigated. Low temperature is a major environmental factor required for dormancy release in lily bulbs. Although great advances in plant metabolomics have been achieved, knowledge about the molecular basis of lily bulb metabolomes at different developmental stages in response to low temperature is still limited. In this work, the dormancy release, vegetative growth, flowering, metabolic profile and gene expression in the less dormant cultivar Lilium longiforum × Oriental hybrid 'Triumphator' (T) and the more dormant cultivar Lilium Asiatic hybrid 'Honesty' (H) were compared. Exposure to low temperature (LT) successfully promoted stem elongation, floral transition and flowering of both T and H bulbs. However, exposure to room temperature (RT) restricted stalk elongation of both T and H bulbs, and prohibited floral transition and flowering of H bulbs. Correspondingly, higher antioxidant enzyme activity and total primary metabolite contents were observed in the apical bud of T bulbs. Gene expression analysis revealed that expressions of LiFT, LiFLK, LiSOC1 and LiCBF were decreased, whereas the expression of LiSVP and LiFLC were increased, in the apical bud of H bulbs under RT storage condition. Our findings reveal that the growth and dormancy breaking of lily bulbs are closely associated with the metabolic changes in the apical buds during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qi Xin
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 26 West Gangcheng Street, Yantai, 265500, Shandong, China
| | - Meixia Liang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Muping District in Yantai, 551 Muping District Government Avenue, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Daqi Jiang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Muping District in Yantai, 551 Muping District Government Avenue, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Muping, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Cornille A, Tiret M, Salcedo A, Huang HR, Orsucci M, Milesi P, Kryvokhyzha D, Holm K, Ge XJ, Stinchcombe JR, Glémin S, Wright SI, Lascoux M. The relative role of plasticity and demographic history in Capsella bursa-pastoris: a common garden experiment in Asia and Europe. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac011. [PMID: 35669442 PMCID: PMC9162126 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The colonization success of a species depends on the interplay between its phenotypic plasticity, adaptive potential and demographic history. Assessing their relative contributions during the different phases of a species range expansion is challenging, and requires large-scale experiments. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of plasticity, performance and demographic history to the worldwide expansion of the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris. We installed two large common gardens of the shepherd's purse, a young, self-fertilizing, allopolyploid weed with a worldwide distribution. One common garden was located in Europe, the other in Asia. We used accessions from three distinct genetic clusters (Middle East, Europe and Asia) that reflect the demographic history of the species. Several life-history traits were measured. To explain the phenotypic variation between and within genetic clusters, we analysed the effects of (i) the genetic clusters, (ii) the phenotypic plasticity and its association to fitness and (iii) the distance in terms of bioclimatic variables between the sampling site of an accession and the common garden, i.e. the environmental distance. Our experiment showed that (i) the performance of C. bursa-pastoris is closely related to its high phenotypic plasticity; (ii) within a common garden, genetic cluster was a main determinant of phenotypic differences; and (iii) at the scale of the experiment, the effect of environmental distance to the common garden could not be distinguished from that of genetic clusters. Phenotypic plasticity and demographic history both play important role at different stages of range expansion. The success of the worldwide expansion of C. bursa-pastoris was undoubtedly influenced by its strong phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marion Orsucci
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Holm
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xue-Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - John R Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2 Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bernardi Y, Ponso MA, Belén F, Vegetti AC, Dotto MC. MicroRNA miR394 regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1375-1388. [PMID: 35333960 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
miR394 regulates Arabidopsis flowering time in a LCR-independent manner. Arabidopsis plants harboring mutations in theMIR394 genes exhibit early flowering, lower expression of floral repressor FLC and higher expression of floral integrators FT and SOC1. Plant development occurs throughout its entire life cycle and involves a phase transition between vegetative and reproductive phases, leading to the flowering process, fruit formation and ultimately seed production. It has been shown that the microRNA394 (miR394) regulates the accumulation of the transcript coding for LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS, a member of a family of F-Box proteins. The miR394 pathway regulates several processes including leaf morphology and development of the shoot apical meristem during embryogenesis, as well as having been assigned a role in the response to biotic and abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. Here, we characterized plants harboring mutations in MIR394 precursor genes and demonstrate that mir394a mir394b double mutants display an early flowering phenotype which correlates with a lower expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C earlier in development and higher expression of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1. Consequently, mutant plants produce fewer branches and exhibit lower seed production. Our work reveals previously unknown developmental aspects regulated by the miR394 pathway, in an LCR-independent manner, contributing to the characterization of the multiple roles of this versatile plant regulatory miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanel Bernardi
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral (ICIAGRO-Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Kreder 2805, CP3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Ponso
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral (ICIAGRO-Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Kreder 2805, CP3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB, UNVM-CONICET). Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Belén
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral (ICIAGRO-Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Kreder 2805, CP3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Abelardo C Vegetti
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral (ICIAGRO-Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Kreder 2805, CP3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcela C Dotto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral (ICIAGRO-Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Kreder 2805, CP3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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20
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Characterization of Phytohormones and Transcriptomic Profiling of the Female and Male Inflorescence Development in Manchurian Walnut ( Juglans mandshurica Maxim.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105433. [PMID: 35628244 PMCID: PMC9143237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowers are imperative reproductive organs and play a key role in the propagation of offspring, along with the generation of several metabolic products in flowering plants. In Juglans mandshurica, the number and development of flowers directly affect the fruit yield and subsequently its commercial value. However, owing to the lack of genetic information, there are few studies on the reproductive biology of Juglans mandshurica, and the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of female and male inflorescence remain unclear. In this study, phytohormones and transcriptomic sequencing analyses at the three stages of female and male inflorescence growth were performed to understand the regulatory functions underlying flower development. Gibberellin is the most dominant phytohormone that regulates flower development. In total, 14,579 and 7188 differentially expressed genes were identified after analyzing the development of male and female flowers, respectively, wherein, 3241 were commonly expressed. Enrichment analysis for significantly enriched pathways suggested the roles of MAPK signaling, phytohormone signal transduction, and sugar metabolism. Genes involved in floral organ transition and flowering were obtained and analyzed; these mainly belonged to the M-type MADS-box gene family. Three flowering-related genes (SOC1/AGL20, ANT, and SVP) strongly interacted with transcription factors in the co-expression network. Two key CO genes (CO3 and CO1) were identified in the photoperiod pathway. We also identified two GA20xs genes, one SVP gene, and five AGL genes (AGL8, AGL9, AGL15, AGL19, and AGL42) that contributed to flower development. The findings are expected to provide a genetic basis for the studies on the regulatory networks and reproductive biology in inflorescence development for J. mandshurica.
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21
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Liu Y, Luo C, Guo Y, Liang R, Yu H, Chen S, Mo X, Yang X, He X. Isolation and Functional Characterization of Two CONSTANS-like 16 (MiCOL16) Genes from Mango. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063075. [PMID: 35328495 PMCID: PMC8951110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONSTANS (CO) is an important regulator of photoperiodic flowering and functions at a key position in the flowering regulatory network. Here, two CO homologs, MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B, were isolated from “SiJiMi” mango to elucidate the mechanisms controlling mango flowering. The MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B genes were highly expressed in the leaves and expressed at low levels in the buds and flowers. The expression levels of MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B increased during the flowering induction period but decreased during the flower organ development and flowering periods. The MiCOL16A gene was expressed in accordance with the circadian rhythm, and MiCOL16B expression was affected by diurnal variation, albeit not regularly. Both the MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B proteins were localized in the nucleus of cells and exerted transcriptional activity through their MR domains in yeast. Overexpression of both the MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B genes significantly repressed flowering in Arabidopsis under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions because they repressed the expression of AtFT and AtSOC1. This research also revealed that overexpression of MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B improved the salt and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis, conferring longer roots and higher survival rates to overexpression lines under drought and salt stress. Together, our results demonstrated that MiCOL16A and MiCOL16B not only regulate flowering but also play a role in the abiotic stress response in mango.
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22
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The Genetic and Hormonal Inducers of Continuous Flowering in Orchids: An Emerging View. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040657. [PMID: 35203310 PMCID: PMC8870070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are the flowers of magnetic beauty. Vivid and attractive flowers with magnificent shapes make them the king of the floriculture industry. However, the long-awaited flowering is a drawback to their market success, and therefore, flowering time regulation is the key to studies about orchid flower development. Although there are some rare orchids with a continuous flowering pattern, the molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet to be elucidated to find applicable solutions to other orchid species. Multiple regulatory pathways, such as photoperiod, vernalization, circadian clock, temperature and hormonal pathways are thought to signalize flower timing using a group of floral integrators. This mini review, thus, organizes the current knowledge of floral time regulators to suggest future perspectives on the continuous flowering mechanism that may help to plan functional studies to induce flowering revolution in precious orchid species.
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23
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Ahmad S, Lu C, Gao J, Ren R, Wei Y, Wu J, Jin J, Zheng C, Zhu G, Yang F. Genetic insights into the regulatory pathways for continuous flowering in a unique orchid Arundina graminifolia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:587. [PMID: 34893019 PMCID: PMC8662845 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manipulation of flowering time and frequency of blooming is key to enhancing the ornamental value of orchids. Arundina graminifolia is a unique orchid that flowers year round, although the molecular basis of this flowering pattern remains poorly understood. RESULTS We compared the A. graminifolia transcriptome across tissue types and floral developmental stages to elucidate important genetic regulators of flowering and hormones. Clustering analyses identified modules specific to floral transition and floral morphogenesis, providing a set of candidate regulators for the floral initiation and timing. Among candidate floral homeotic genes, the expression of two FT genes was positively correlated with flower development. Assessment of the endogenous hormone levels and qRT-PCR analysis of 32 pathway-responsive genes supported a role for the regulatory networks in floral bud control in A. graminifolia. Moreover, WGCNA showed that flowering control can be delineated by modules of coexpressed genes; especially, MEgreen presented group of genes specific to flowering. CONCLUSIONS Candidate gene selection coupled with hormonal regulators brings a robust source to understand the intricate molecular regulation of flowering in precious orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieqiu Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanyuan Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
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Qu L, Chu YJ, Lin WH, Xue HW. A secretory phospholipase D hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to suppress rice heading time. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009905. [PMID: 34879072 PMCID: PMC8654219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids and is crucial in various physiological processes and transduction of different signals. Secretory phospholipases play important roles in mammals, however, whose functions in plants remain largely unknown. We previously identified a rice secretory PLD (spPLD) that harbors a signal peptide and here we reported the secretion and function of spPLD in rice heading time regulation. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed the signal peptide is indispensable for spPLD secretion into the extracellular spaces, where spPLD hydrolyzes substrates. spPLD overexpression results in delayed heading time which is dependent on its secretory character, while suppression or deficiency of spPLD led to the early heading of rice under both short-day and long-day conditions, which is consistent with that spPLD overexpression/suppression indeed led to the reduced/increased Hd3a/RFT1 (Arabidopsis Flowing Locus T homolog) activities. Interestingly, rice Hd3a and RFT1 bind to phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and a further analysis by lipidomic approach using mass spectrometry revealed the altered phospholipids profiles in shoot apical meristem, particularly the PC species, under altered spPLD expressions. These results indicate the significance of secretory spPLD and help to elucidate the regulatory network of rice heading time. Secretory phospholipases play essential roles in physiological processes of mammals, while functions of them in plants remain unknown. We identified a rice secretory PLD (spPLD) harboring a signal peptide which is indispensable for secretion of spPLD. Functional studies showed that altered spPLD expression resulted in the changed heading time of rice under both short-day and long-day conditions, which is dependent on the secretory character of spPLD. Rice Hd3a and RFT1, the homologs of Arabidopsis Flowing Locus T (FT), bind to phosphatidylcholine (PC) to promote heading. Analysis of phospholipids profiles in shoot apical meristem by using a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach demonstrated that spPLD regulates heading time by hydrolyzing the light period-predominant PC species, further revealing the crucial role of secretory proteins in regulating plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (W-HL); (H-WX)
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (W-HL); (H-WX)
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Ding F, Li H, Wang J, Peng H, Chen H, Hu F, Lai B, Wei Y, Ma W, Li H, He X, Zhang S. Development of molecular markers based on the promoter difference of LcFT1 to discriminate easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources and its application in crossbreeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:539. [PMID: 34784881 PMCID: PMC8594225 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Litchi is a well-known subtropical fruit crop. However, irregular bearing attributed to unstable flowering is a major ongoing problem for the development of the litchi industry. In a previous study, our laboratory proved that litchi flowering was induced by low temperature and that a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologue gene named LcFT1 played a pivotal role in this process. The present study aimed to understand the natural variation in FT among litchi germplasm resources and designed markers to verify easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasms. A grafting experiment was also carried out to explore whether it could shorten the seedling stage of litchi seedlings. RESULTS Two types of LcFT1 promoter existed in different litchi germplasm resources, and we named them the 'easy-flowering type of LcFT1 promoter' and 'difficult-flowering type of LcFT1 promoter', which resulted in three different LcFT1 genotypes of litchi germplasm resources, including the homozygous easy-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype, homozygous difficult-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype and heterozygous LcFT1 genotype of litchi germplasm resources. The homozygous easy-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype and heterozygous LcFT1 genotype of the litchi germplasm resources completed their floral induction more easily than the homozygous difficult-flowering type of the LcFT1 genotype of litchi germplasm resources. Herein, we designed two kinds of efficient molecular markers based on the difference in LcFT1 promoter sequences and applied them to identify of the easy- and difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources. These two kinds of molecular markers were capable of clearly distinguishing the easy- from difficult-flowering litchi germplasm resources at the seedling stage and provided the same results. Meanwhile, grafting the scion of seedlings to the annual branches of adult litchi trees could significantly shorten the seedling stage. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the flowering characteristics of litchi germplasm resources is essential for easy-flowering litchi breeding. In the present study, molecular markers provide a rapid and accurate approach for identifying the flowering characteristics. The application of these molecular markers not only significantly shortened the artificial crossbreeding cycle of easy-flowering litchi cultivars but also greatly saved manpower, material resources and land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongxiang Peng
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- Horticulture College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuchu Hu
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Haikou, 510642, Hainan, China
| | - Biao Lai
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Wuqiang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhua He
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Rosental L, Still DW, You Y, Hayes RJ, Simko I. Mapping and identification of genetic loci affecting earliness of bolting and flowering in lettuce. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3319-3337. [PMID: 34196730 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Photoperiod and temperature conditions elicit different genetic regulation over lettuce bolting and flowering. This study identifies environment-specific QTLs and putative genes and provides information for genetic marker assay. Bolting, defined as stem elongation, marks the plant life cycle transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Lettuce is grown for its leaf rosettes, and premature bolting may reduce crop quality resulting in economic losses. The transition to reproductive stage is a complex process that involves many genetic and environmental factors. In this study, the effects of photoperiod and ambient temperature on bolting and flowering regulation were studied by utilizing a lettuce mapping population to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and by gene expression analyses of genotypes with contrasting phenotypes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a cross between PI 251246 (early bolting) and cv. Salinas (late bolting), was grown in four combinations of short (8 h) and long (16 h) days and low (20 °C) and high (35 °C) temperature. QTL models revealed both genetic (G) and environmental (E) effects, and GxE interactions. A major QTL for bolting and flowering time was found on chromosome 7 (qFLT7.2), and two candidate genes were identified by fine mapping, homology, and gene expression studies. In short days and high temperature conditions, qFLT7.2 had no effect on plant development, while several small-effect loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 were associated with bolting and flowering. Of these, the QTL on chromosome 2, qBFr2.1, co-located with the Flowering Locus T (LsFT) gene. Polymorphisms between parent genotypes in the promotor region may explain identified gene expression differences and were used to design a genetic marker which may be used to identify the late bolting trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rosental
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - David W Still
- Agriculture Research Institute, California State University, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Youngsook You
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Hayes
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ivan Simko
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA.
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27
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Han Q, Sakaguchi S, Wakabayashi T, Setoguchi H. Association between RsFT, RsFLC and RsCOL5 ( A&B) expression and flowering regulation in Japanese wild radish. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab039. [PMID: 34285794 PMCID: PMC8286712 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is an important step in the life cycle of plants and indicates adaptability to external climatic cues such as temperature and photoperiod. We investigated the expression patterns of core genes related to flowering-time regulation in Japanese wild radish (Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides) with different vernalization requirements (obligate and facultative) and further identified climatic cues that may act as natural selective forces. Specifically, we analysed flowering-time variation under different cold and photoperiod treatments in Japanese wild radish collected from the Hokkaido (northern lineage) and Okinawa (southern lineage) islands, which experience contrasting climatic cues. The cultivation experiment verified the obligate and facultative vernalization requirements of the northern and southern wild radish accessions, respectively. The expression of major genes involved in flowering time indicated that RsFLC and RsCOL5 (A&B) may interact to regulate flowering time. Notably, floral initiation in the northern lineage was strongly correlated with RsFLC expression, whereas flowering in the southern linage was correlated with induction of RsCOL5-A expression, despite high RsFLC transcript levels. These results suggested that the northern accessions are more sensitive to prolonged cold exposure, whereas the southern accessions are more sensitive to photoperiod. These different mechanisms ultimately confer an optimal flowering time in natural populations in response to locally contrasting climatic cues. This study provides new insights into the variant mechanisms underlying floral pathways in Japanese wild radish from different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, 277160, China
- Corresponding author e-mail address:
| | - Shota Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Hao JH, Su HN, Zhang LL, Liu CJ, Han YY, Qin XX, Fan SX. Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal that energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis reinitiation are responsible for the initiation of bolting induced by high temperature in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:427. [PMID: 34107883 PMCID: PMC8190844 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most economically important leaf vegetables, exhibits early bolting under high-temperature conditions. Early bolting leads to loss of commodity value and edibility, leading to considerable loss and waste of resources. However, the initiation and molecular mechanism underlying early bolting induced by high temperature remain largely elusive. RESULTS In order to better understand this phenomenon, we defined the lettuce bolting starting period, and the high temperature (33 °C) and controlled temperature (20 °C) induced bolting starting phase of proteomics is analyzed, based on the iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measurement, and biological validation by RT-qPCR. Morphological and microscopic observation showed that the initiation of bolting occurred 8 days after high-temperature treatment. Fructose accumulated rapidly after high-temperature treatment. During initiation of bolting, of the 3305 identified proteins, a total of 93 proteins exhibited differential abundances, 38 of which were upregulated and 55 downregulated. Approximately 38% of the proteins were involved in metabolic pathways and were clustered mainly in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Furthermore, some proteins involved in sugar synthesis were differentially expressed and were also associated with energy production. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to report on the metabolic changes involved in the initiation of bolting in lettuce. Our study suggested that energy metabolism and ribosomal proteins are pivotal components during initiation of bolting. This study could provide a potential regulatory mechanism for the initiation of early bolting by high temperature, which could have applications in the manipulation of lettuce for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-hong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - He-Nan Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Li-li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
- Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yulin, 719000 China
| | - Chao-jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ying-yan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiao-xiao Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Shuang-xi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Huilongguan town, Changping district, Beijing, 102206 China
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Cao S, Luo X, Xu D, Tian X, Song J, Xia X, Chu C, He Z. Genetic architecture underlying light and temperature mediated flowering in Arabidopsis, rice, and temperate cereals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1731-1745. [PMID: 33586137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Timely flowering is essential for optimum crop reproduction and yield. To determine the best flowering-time genes (FTGs) relevant to local adaptation and breeding, it is essential to compare the interspecific genetic architecture of flowering in response to light and temperature, the two most important environmental cues in crop breeding. However, the conservation and variations of FTGs across species lack systematic dissection. This review summarizes current knowledge on the genetic architectures underlying light and temperature-mediated flowering initiation in Arabidopsis, rice, and temperate cereals. Extensive comparative analyses show that most FTGs are conserved, whereas functional variations in FTGs may be species specific and confer local adaptation in different species. To explore evolutionary dynamics underpinning the conservation and variations in FTGs, domestication and selection of some key FTGs are further dissected. Based on our analyses of genetic control of flowering time, a number of key issues are highlighted. Strategies for modulation of flowering behavior in crop breeding are also discussed. The resultant resources provide a wealth of reference information to uncover molecular mechanisms of flowering in plants and achieve genetic improvement in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghe Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dengan Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuling Tian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center China Office, c/o Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Transcriptional Cascade in the Regulation of Flowering in the Bamboo Orchid Arundina graminifolia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060771. [PMID: 34063940 PMCID: PMC8224086 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering in orchids is the most important horticultural trait regulated by multiple mechanisms. Arundina graminifolia flowers throughout the year unlike other orchids with a narrow flowering span. However, little is known of the genetic regulation of this peculiar flowering pattern. This study identifies a number of transcription factor (TF) families in five stages of flower development and four tissue types through RNA-seq transcriptome. About 700 DEGs were annotated to the transcription factor category and classified into 35 TF families, which were involved in multiple signaling pathways. The most abundant TF family was bHLH, followed by MYB and WRKY. Some important members of the bHLH, WRKY, MYB, TCP, and MADS-box families were found to regulate the flowering genes at transcriptional levels. Particularly, the TFs WRKY34 and ERF12 possibly respond to vernalization and photoperiod signaling, MYB108, RR9, VP1, and bHLH49 regulate hormonal balance, and CCA1 may control the circadian pathway. MADS-box TFs including MADS6, 14, 16, AGL5, and SEP may be important regulators of flowering in A. graminifolia. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of flowering in A. graminifolia.
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Zhang M, Li P, Yan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Genome-wide characterization of PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae tree species and their expression analysis in P. mume. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:32. [PMID: 33622244 PMCID: PMC7901119 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) constitute a common gene family found among animals, plants and microbes. Plant PEBP proteins play an important role in regulating flowering time, plant architecture as well as seed dormancy. Though PEBP family genes have been well studied in Arabidopsis and other model species, less is known about these genes in perennial trees. RESULTS To understand the evolution of PEBP genes and their functional roles in flowering control, we identified 56 PEBP members belonging to three gene clades (MFT-like, FT-like, and TFL1-like) and five lineages (FT, BFT, CEN, TFL1, and MFT) across nine Rosaceae perennial species. Structural analysis revealed highly conserved gene structure and protein motifs among Rosaceae PEBP proteins. Codon usage analysis showed slightly biased codon usage across five gene lineages. With selection pressure analysis, we detected strong purifying selection constraining divergence within most lineages, while positive selection driving the divergence of FT-like and TFL1-like genes from the MFT-like gene clade. Spatial and temporal expression analyses revealed the essential role of FT in regulating floral bud breaking and blooming in P. mume. By employing a weighted gene co-expression network approach, we inferred a putative FT regulatory module required for dormancy release and blooming in P. mume. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized the PEBP family genes in nine Rosaceae species and examined their phylogeny, genomic syntenic relationship, duplication pattern, and expression profiles during flowering process. These results revealed the evolutionary history of PEBP genes and their functions in regulating floral bud development and blooming among Rosaceae tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaolan Yan
- Mei Germplasm Research Center, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Li L, Zhang C, Huang J, Liu Q, Wei H, Wang H, Liu G, Gu L, Yu S. Genomic analyses reveal the genetic basis of early maturity and identification of loci and candidate genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:109-123. [PMID: 32652678 PMCID: PMC7769233 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutism L.) originated in the tropics, this early maturity cotton can be planted as far north as 46°N in China due to the accumulation of numerous phenotypic and physiological adaptations during domestication. However, how the genome of early maturity cotton has been altered by strong human selection remains largely unknown. Herein, we report a cotton genome variation map generated by the resequencing of 436 cotton accessions. Whole-genome scans for sweep regions identified 357 putative selection sweeps covering 4.94% (112 Mb) of the upland cotton genome, including 5184 genes. These genes were functionally related to flowering time control, hormone catabolism, ageing and defence response adaptations to environmental changes. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for seven early maturity traits identified 307 significant loci, 22.48% (69) of which overlapped with putative selection sweeps that occurred during the artificial selection of early maturity cotton. Several previously undescribed candidate genes associated with early maturity were identified by GWAS. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of early maturity in upland cotton as well as breeding resources for cotton improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A & F UniversityLin'an, Hangzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A & F UniversityLin'an, Hangzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A & F UniversityLin'an, Hangzhou
| | - Qibao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A & F UniversityLin'an, Hangzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Lijiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A & F UniversityLin'an, Hangzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of CAASAnyangHenanChina
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Morphological Characteristics and Transcriptome Comparisons of the Shoot Buds from Flowering and Non-Flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bamboo plants have a distinctive life cycle with long flowering periodicity. Many species remain in vegetative growth for decades, followed by large-scale flowering and subsequent death. Floral transition is activated while shoot buds are still dormant in bamboo plants. In this study, we performed morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of the shoot buds at different growth stages from flowering and non-flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus. The morphological and anatomical structures of the dormant shoot buds were similar in flowering and non-flowering plants, while there was an obvious difference between the flower buds from flowering plants and the leaf buds from non-flowering plants. The transcriptomes of the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and flower buds from flowering P. pygmaeus, and the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and leaf buds from non-flowering P. pygmaeus were profiled and compared by RNA-Seq. The identified sequences were mostly related to metabolic synthesis, signal transmission, translation, and other functions. A total of 2434 unigenes involved in different flowering pathways were screened from transcriptome comparisons. The differentially expressed unigenes associated with the photoperiod pathway were related to circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, the relative expression levels of a few key flowering-related genes such as CO, FT, FLC, and SOC1 were quantified by qRT-PCR, which was in accordance with RNA-Seq. The study revealed morphological differences in the shoot buds at different growth stages and screened flowering-related genes by transcriptome comparisons of the shoot buds from flowering and non-flowering P. pygmaeus, which will enrich the research on reproductive biology of bamboo plants and shed light on the molecular mechanism of the floral transition in bamboo plants.
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Wang Y, Severing EI, Koornneef M, Aarts MGM. FLC and SVP Are Key Regulators of Flowering Time in the Biennial/Perennial Species Noccaea caerulescens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582577. [PMID: 33262778 PMCID: PMC7686048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate timing of flowering is crucial for plant reproductive success. Studies of the molecular mechanism of flower induction in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana showed long days and vernalization as major environmental promotive factors. Noccaea caerulescens has an obligate vernalization requirement that has not been studied at the molecular genetics level. Here, we characterize the vernalization requirement and response of four geographically diverse biennial/perennial N. caerulescens accessions: Ganges (GA), Lellingen (LE), La Calamine (LC), and St. Felix de Pallières (SF). Differences in vernalization responsiveness among accessions suggest that natural variation for this trait exists within N. caerulescens. Mutants which fully abolish the vernalization requirement were identified and were shown to contain mutations in the FLOWERING LOCUS C (NcFLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (NcSVP) genes, two key floral repressors in this species. At high temperatures, the non-vernalization requiring flc-1 mutant reverts from flowering to vegetative growth, which is accompanied with a reduced expression of LFY and AP1. This suggested there is "crosstalk" between vernalization and ambient temperature, which might be a strategy to cope with fluctuations in temperature or adopt a more perennial flowering attitude and thus facilitate a flexible evolutionary response to the changing environment across the species range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Agriculture Resource, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edouard I. Severing
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Jing D, Chen W, Hu R, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Wang S, He Q, Guo Q, Liang G. An Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome, Proteome and Hormones Reveals Key Differentially Expressed Genes and Metabolic Pathways Involved in Flower Development in Loquat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5107. [PMID: 32698310 PMCID: PMC7404296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower development is a vital developmental process in the life cycle of woody perennials, especially fruit trees. Herein, we used transcriptomic, proteomic, and hormone analyses to investigate the key candidate genes/proteins in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) at the stages of flower bud differentiation (FBD), floral bud elongation (FBE), and floral anthesis (FA). Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways of hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Importantly, the DEGs of hormone signal transduction were significantly involved in the signaling pathways of auxin, gibberellins (GAs), cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. Meanwhile, key floral integrator genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) and floral meristem identity genes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING LIKE (SPL), LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), and AP2 were significantly upregulated at the FBD stage. However, key floral organ identity genes AGAMOUS (AG), AP3, and PISTILLATA (PI) were significantly upregulated at the stages of FBE and FA. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) such as bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), NAC (no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2) and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)), MYB_related (myeloblastosis_related), ERF (ethylene response factor), and C2H2 (cysteine-2/histidine-2) were also significantly differentially expressed. Accordingly, comparative proteomic analysis of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) and combined enrichment of DEGs and DAPs showed that starch and sucrose metabolism was also significantly enriched. Concentrations of GA3 and zeatin were high before the FA stage, but ABA concentration remained high at the FA stage. Our results provide abundant sequence resources for clarifying the underlying mechanisms of the flower development in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.J.); (W.C.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (Q.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (R.H.); (Y.Z.)
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Jung H, Jo SH, Jung WY, Park HJ, Lee A, Moon JS, Seong SY, Kim JK, Kim YS, Cho HS. Gibberellin Promotes Bolting and Flowering via the Floral Integrators RsFT and RsSOC1-1 under Marginal Vernalization in Radish. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050594. [PMID: 32392867 PMCID: PMC7284574 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the factors that promotes flowering in radish (Raphanus Sativus L.), although the mechanism mediating GA activation of flowering has not been determined. To identify this mechanism in radish, we compared the effects of GA treatment on late-flowering (NH-JS1) and early-flowering (NH-JS2) radish lines. GA treatment promoted flowering in both lines, but not without vernalization. NH-JS2 plants displayed greater bolting and flowering pathway responses to GA treatment than NH-JS1. This variation was not due to differences in GA sensitivity in the two lines. We performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate GA-mediated changes in gene expression profiles in the two radish lines. We identified 313 upregulated, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 207 downregulated DEGs in NH-JS2 relative to NH-JS1 in response to GA. Of these, 21 and 8 genes were identified as flowering time and GA-responsive genes, respectively. The results of RNA-seq and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that RsFT and RsSOC1-1 expression levels increased after GA treatment in NH-JS2 plants but not in NH-JS1. These results identified the molecular mechanism underlying differences in the flowering-time genes of NH-JS1 and NH-JS2 after GA treatment under insufficient vernalization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemyeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Won Yong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
| | - So Yoon Seong
- Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.-K.K.)
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong 17558, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-31-4323 (Y.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.S.C.)
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.); (S.H.J.); (W.Y.J.); (H.J.P.); (A.L.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-31-4323 (Y.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.S.C.)
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Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051244. [PMID: 32164169 PMCID: PMC7179402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.
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Atif MJ, Ahanger MA, Amin B, Ghani MI, Ali M, Cheng Z. Mechanism of Allium Crops Bulb Enlargement in Response to Photoperiod: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1325. [PMID: 32079095 PMCID: PMC7072895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiod marks a varied set of behaviors in plants, including bulbing. Bulbing is controlled by inner signals, which can be stimulated or subdued by the ecological environment. It had been broadly stated that phytohormones control the plant development, and they are considered to play a significant part in the bulb formation. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in understanding and advancement about the photoperiodic initiation of bulbing in plants. A noticeable query is to what degree the mechanisms discovered in bulb crops are also shared by other species and what other qualities are also dependent on photoperiod. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein has a role in flowering; however, the FT genes were afterward reported to play further functions in other biological developments (e.g., bulbing). This is predominantly applicable in photoperiodic regulation, where the FT genes seem to have experienced significant development at the practical level and play a novel part in the switch of bulb formation in Alliums. The neofunctionalization of FT homologs in the photoperiodic environments detects these proteins as a new class of primary signaling mechanisms that control the growth and organogenesis in these agronomic-related species. In the present review, we report the underlying mechanisms regulating the photoperiodic-mediated bulb enlargement in Allium species. Therefore, the present review aims to systematically review the published literature on the bulbing mechanism of Allium crops in response to photoperiod. We also provide evidence showing that the bulbing transitions are controlled by phytohormones signaling and FT-like paralogues that respond to independent environmental cues (photoperiod), and we also show that an autorelay mechanism involving FT modulates the expression of the bulbing-control gene. Although a large number of studies have been conducted, several limitations and research gaps have been identified that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
- Vegetable Crops Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
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Amini S, Rosli K, Abu-Bakar MF, Alias H, Mat-Isa MN, Juhari MAA, Haji-Adam J, Goh HH, Wan KL. Transcriptome landscape of Rafflesia cantleyi floral buds reveals insights into the roles of transcription factors and phytohormones in flower development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226338. [PMID: 31851702 PMCID: PMC6919626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rafflesia possesses unique biological features and known primarily for producing the world’s largest and existing as a single flower. However, to date, little is known about key regulators participating in Rafflesia flower development. In order to further understand the molecular mechanism that regulates Rafflesia cantleyi flower development, RNA-seq data from three developmental stages of floral bud, representing the floral organ primordia initiation, floral organ differentiation, and floral bud outgrowth, were analysed. A total of 89,890 transcripts were assembled of which up to 35% could be annotated based on homology search. Advanced transcriptome analysis using K-mean clustering on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was able to identify 12 expression clusters that reflect major trends and key transitional states, which correlate to specific developmental stages. Through this, comparative gene expression analysis of different floral bud stages identified various transcription factors related to flower development. The members of WRKY, NAC, bHLH, and MYB families are the most represented among the DEGs, suggesting their important function in flower development. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis also revealed DEGs that are involved in various phytohormone signal transduction events such as auxin and auxin transport, cytokinin and gibberellin biosynthesis. Results of this study imply that transcription factors and phytohormone signalling pathways play major role in Rafflesia floral bud development. This study provides an invaluable resource for molecular studies of the flower development process in Rafflesia and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Amini
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Rosli
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Halimah Alias
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd-Afiq-Aizat Juhari
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jumaat Haji-Adam
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiew-Lian Wan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Mátyás KK, Hegedűs G, Taller J, Farkas E, Decsi K, Kutasy B, Kálmán N, Nagy E, Kolics B, Virág E. Different expression pattern of flowering pathway genes contribute to male or female organ development during floral transition in the monoecious weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. ( Asteraceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7421. [PMID: 31598422 PMCID: PMC6779118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly allergenic and invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a monoecius plant with separated male and female flowers. The genetic regulation of floral morphogenesis is a less understood field in the reproduction biology of this species. Therefore the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of sex determination during floral organogenesis. To this end, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling of vegetative and generative tissues during the plant development comparing wild-growing and in vitro cultivated plants. RNA-seq on Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with an integrative bioinformatics analysis indicated differences in 80 floral gene expressions depending on photoperiodic and endogenous initial signals. Sex specificity of genes was validated based on RT-qPCR experiments. We found 11 and 16 uniquely expressed genes in female and male transcriptomes that were responsible particularly to maintain fertility and against abiotic stress. High gene expression of homologous such as FD, FT, TFL1 and CAL, SOC1, AP1 were characteristic to male and female floral meristems during organogenesis. Homologues transcripts of LFY and FLC were not found in the investigated generative and vegetative tissues. The repression of AP1 by TFL1 homolog was demonstrated in male flowers resulting exclusive expression of AP2 and PI that controlled stamen and carpel formation in the generative phase. Alterations of male and female floral meristem differentiation were demonstrated under photoperiodic and hormonal condition changes by applying in vitro treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Klára Mátyás
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Géza Hegedűs
- Department of Economic Methodology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - János Taller
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Kincső Decsi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kutasy
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Kálmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Szentagothai Research Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Nagy
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kolics
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Eszter Virág
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
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Yang B, Zhong Z, Wang T, Ou Y, Tian J, Komatsu S, Zhang L. Integrative omics of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Flower development unravels molecular changes regulating secondary metabolites. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103470. [PMID: 31374363 PMCID: PMC7102679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an important medicinal plant. The secondary metabolites in L. japonica are diverse and vary in levels during development, leading to the ambiguous evaluation for its medical value. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Further proteomic analysis revealed that uniquely identified proteins were mainly involved in glycolysis/phenylpropanoids and tricarboxylic acid cycle/terpenoid backbone pathways in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified in the 5 developmental stages and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Biological Significance Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a native species in the East Asian and used in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Our results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Metabolic changes were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and carbon conversion. The unique DAPs were mainly involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and DXPS were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuting Ou
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Olatoye MO, Hu Z, Aikpokpodion PO. Epistasis Detection and Modeling for Genomic Selection in Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). Front Genet 2019; 10:677. [PMID: 31417604 PMCID: PMC6682672 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic architecture reflects the pattern of effects and interaction of genes underlying phenotypic variation. Most mapping and breeding approaches generally consider the additive part of variation but offer limited knowledge on the benefits of epistasis which explains in part the variation observed in traits. In this study, the cowpea multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population was used to characterize the epistatic genetic architecture of flowering time, maturity, and seed size. In addition, consideration for epistatic genetic architecture in genomic-enabled breeding (GEB) was investigated using parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric genomic selection (GS) models. Our results showed that large and moderate effect-sized two-way epistatic interactions underlie the traits examined. Flowering time QTL colocalized with cowpea putative orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max genes like PHYTOCLOCK1 (PCL1 [Vigun11g157600]) and PHYTOCHROME A (PHY A [Vigun01g205500]). Flowering time adaptation to long and short photoperiod was found to be controlled by distinct and common main and epistatic loci. Parametric and semi-parametric GS models outperformed non-parametric GS model, while using known quantitative trait nucleotide(s) (QTNs) as fixed effects improved prediction accuracy when traits were controlled by large effect loci. In general, our study demonstrated that prior understanding of the genetic architecture of a trait can help make informed decisions in GEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O. Olatoye
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Wen C, Zhao W, Liu W, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Xu Y, Ren H, Guo Y, Li C, Li J, Weng Y, Zhang X. CsTFL1 inhibits determinate growth and terminal flower formation through interaction with CsNOT2a in cucumber. Development 2019; 146:dev180166. [PMID: 31320327 PMCID: PMC6679365 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop that carries on vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously. Indeterminate growth is favourable for fresh market under protected environments, whereas determinate growth is preferred for pickling cucumber in the once-over mechanical harvest system. The genetic basis of determinacy is largely unknown in cucumber. In this study, map-based cloning of the de locus showed that the determinate growth habit is caused by a non-synonymous SNP in CsTFL1CsTFL1 is expressed in the subapical regions of the shoot apical meristem, lateral meristem and young stems. Ectopic expression of CsTFL1 rescued the terminal flower phenotype in the Arabidopsis tfl1-11 mutant and delayed flowering in wild-type Arabidopsis Knockdown of CsTFL1 resulted in determinate growth and formation of terminal flowers in cucumber. Biochemical analyses indicated that CsTFL1 interacts with a homolog of the miRNA biogenesis gene CsNOT2a; CsNOT2a interacts with FDP. Cucumber CsFT directly interacts with CsNOT2a and CsFD, and CsFD interacts with two 14-3-3 proteins. These data suggest that CsTFL1 competes with CsFT for interaction with CsNOT2a-CsFDP to inhibit determinate growth and terminal flower formation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilun Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Guo
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Identification of genomic regions associated with multi-silique trait in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:304. [PMID: 31014236 PMCID: PMC6480887 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutant forming multiple siliques was morphologically described and considered to increase the silique number per plant, an important agronomic trait in this crop, the molecular mechanism underlying this beneficial trait remains unclear. Here, we combined bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) and whole genome re-sequencing (WGR) to map the genomic regions responsible for the multi-silique trait using two pools of DNA from the near-isogenic lines (NILs) zws-ms (multi-silique) and zws-217 (single-silique). We used the Euclidean Distance (ED) to identify genomic regions associated with this trait based on both SNPs and InDels. We also conducted transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between zws-ms and zws-217. RESULTS Genetic analysis using the ED algorithm identified three SNP- and two InDel-associated regions for the multi-silique trait. Two highly overlapped parts of the SNP- and InDel-associated regions were identified as important intersecting regions, which are located on chromosomes A09 and C08, respectively, including 2044 genes in 10.20-MB length totally. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 129 DEGs between zws-ms and zws-217 in buds, including 39 DEGs located in the two abovementioned associated regions. We identified candidate genes involved in multi-silique formation in rapeseed based on the results of functional annotation. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the genomic regions and candidate genes related to the multi-silique trait in rapeseed.
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Zhang H, Wang L, Shi K, Shan D, Zhu Y, Wang C, Bai Y, Yan T, Zheng X, Kong J. Apple tree flowering is mediated by low level of melatonin under the regulation of seasonal light signal. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12551. [PMID: 30597595 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin regulates the seasonal reproduction in photoperiodic sensitive animals. Its function in plants reproduction has not been extensively studied. In the current study, the effects of melatonin on the apple tree flowering have been systematically investigated. For consecutive 2-year monitoring, it was found that the flowering was always associated with the drop of melatonin level in apple tree. Melatonin application before flowering postponed apple tree flowering with a dose-dependent manner. The increased melatonin levels at a suitable range also resulted in more flowering. The data indicated that similar to the animals, the melatonin also serves as the signal of the environmental light to regulate the plant reproduction. It was mainly the blue and far-red light to regulate the gene expression of melatonin synthetic enzymes and melatonin production in plants. The seasonal alterations of the blue and far-red lights coordinated well with the changes of the melatonin levels and led to decreased melatonin level before flowering. The mechanism studies showed that melatonin per se inhibits all the four flowering pathways in apple. The results not only provide the basic knowledge for melatonin research, but also uncover melatonin as a chemical message of light signal to mediate plant reproduction. This information can be potentially used to control flowering period and prolong the harvest time, helpfully to open a new avenue for increasing crop yield by melatonin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yuan F, Guo J, Shabala S, Wang B. Reproductive Physiology of Halophytes: Current Standing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1954. [PMID: 30687356 PMCID: PMC6334627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Halophytes possess efficient salt-tolerance mechanisms and can complete their life cycles in naturally saline soils with NaCl contents exceeding 200 mM. While a significant progress have been made in recent decades elucidating underlying salt-tolerance mechanisms, these studies have been mostly confined to the vegetative growth stage. At the same time, the capacity to generate high-quality seeds and to survive early developmental stages under saline conditions, are both critically important for plants. Halophytes perform well in both regards, whereas non-halophytes cannot normally complete their life cycles under saline conditions. Scope: Research into the effects of salinity on plant reproductive biology has gained momentum in recent years. However, it remains unclear whether the reproductive biology of halophytes differs from that of non-halophytes, and whether their reproductive processes benefit, like their vegetative growth, from the presence of salt in the rhizosphere. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the superior reproductive biology of halophytes, focusing on critical aspects including control of flowering time, changes in plant hormonal status and their impact on anther and pollen development and viability, plant carbohydrate status and seed formation, mechanisms behind the early germination of halophyte seeds, and the role of seed polymorphism. Conclusion: Salt has beneficial effects on halophyte reproductive growth that include late flowering, increased flower numbers and pollen vitality, and high seed yield. This improved performance is due to optimal nutrition during vegetative growth, alterations in plant hormonal status, and regulation of flowering genes. In addition, the seeds of halophytes harvested under saline conditions show higher salt tolerance than those obtained under non-saline condition, largely due to increased osmolyte accumulation, more optimal hormonal composition (e.g., high gibberellic acid and low abcisic acid content) and, in some species, seed dimorphism. In the near future, identifying key genes involved in halophyte reproductive physiology and using them to transform crops could be a promising approach to developing saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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47
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Zhou R, Liu P, Li D, Zhang X, Wei X. Photoperiod response-related gene SiCOL1 contributes to flowering in sesame. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:343. [PMID: 30526484 PMCID: PMC6288898 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame is a major oilseed crop which is widely cultivated all around the world. Flowering, the timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, is one of the most important events in the life cycle of sesame. Sesame is a typical short-day (SD) plant and its flowering is largely affected by photoperiod. However, the flowering mechanism in sesame at the molecular level is still not very clear. Previous studies showed that the CONSTANS (CO) gene is the crucial photoperiod response gene which plays a center role in duration of the plant vegetative growth. RESULTS In this study, the CO-like (COL) genes were identified and characterized in the sesame genome. Two homologs of the CO gene in the SiCOLs, SiCOL1 and SiCOL2, were recognized and comprehensively analyzed. However, sequence analysis showed that SiCOL2 lacked one of the B-box motifs. In addition, the flowering time of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines with overexpressed SiCOL2 were longer than that of SiCOL1, indicating that SiCOL1 was more likely to be the potential functional homologue of CO in sesame. Expression analysis revealed that SiCOL1 had high expressed levels before flowering in leaves and exhibited diurnal rhythmic expression in both SD and long-day (LD) conditions. In total, 16 haplotypes of SiCOL1 were discovered in the sesame collections from Asia. However, the mutated haplotypes did not express under both SD and LD conditions and was regarded as a nonfunctional allele. Notably, the sesame landraces from high-latitude regions harboring nonfunctional alleles of SiCOL1 flowered much earlier than landraces from low-latitude regions under LD condition, and adapted to the northernmost regions of sesame cultivation. The result indicated that sesame landraces from high-latitude regions might have undergone artificial selection to adapt to the LD environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that SiCOL1 might contribute to regulation of flowering in sesame and natural variations in SiCOL1 were probably related to the expansion of sesame cultivation to high-latitude regions. The results could be used in sesame breeding and in broadening adaptation of sesame varieties to new regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Pan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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48
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Liu SL, Wang XH, Gao YG, Zhao Y, Zhang AH, Xu YH, Zhang LX. Transcriptomic analysis identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with bolting and flowering in Saposhnikovia divaricata. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:446-455. [PMID: 30047466 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Saposhnikovia divaricata is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb; the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth may lead to the decrease of its pharmacological activities. Therefore, the study of bolting and flowering for Saposhnikovia divaricata is warranted. The present study aimed to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regularity of expression during the bolting and flowering process, and the results of this study might provide a theoretical foundation for the suppression of early bolting for future research and practical application. Three sample groups, early flowering, flower bud differentiation, and late flowering (groups A, B, and C, respectively) were selected. Transcriptomic analysis identified 67, 010 annotated unigenes, among which 50, 165 were differentially expressed including 16, 108 in A vs B, and 17, 459 in B vs C, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional classification analysis were performed on these differentially expressed genes, and five important pathways were significantly impacted (P ≤ 0.01): plant circadian rhythm, other glycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Plant hormone signal transduction might play an important role in the bolting and flowering process. The differentially expressed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gene showed significant down-regulation during bolting and flowering, while the transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) gene showed no significant change during the bolting process. The expression of flowering related genes FLC, LYF, and AP1 also showed a greater difference at different development stages. In conclusion, we speculate that the decrease in auxin concentration is not caused by the degrading effect of TIR1 but by an alternative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Li Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Research Center of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yu-Gang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yong-Hua Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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49
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Ding F, Zhang S, Chen H, Peng H, Lu J, He X, Pan J. Functional analysis of a homologue of the FLORICAULA/LEAFY gene in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) revealing its significance in early flowering process. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:10.1007/s13258-018-0739-4. [PMID: 30218346 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important subtropical fruit crop with high commercial value due to its high nutritional values and favorable tastes. However, irregular bearing attributed to unstable flowering is a major ongoing problem for litchi producers. Previous studies indicate that low-temperature is a key factor in litchi floral induction. In order to reveal the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive process in litchi, we had analyzed the transcriptome of buds before and after low-temperature induction using RNA-seq technology. A key flower bud differentiation associated gene, a homologue of FLORICAULA/LEAFY, was identified and named LcLFY (GenBank Accession No. KF008435). The cDNA sequence of LcLFY encodes a putative protein of 388 amino acids. To gain insight into the role of LcLFY, the temporal expression level of this gene was measured by real-time RT-PCR. LcLFY was highly expressed in flower buds and its expression correlated with the floral developmental stage. Heterologous expression of LcLFY in transgenic tobacco plants induced precocious flowering. Meantime, we investigated the sub-cellular localization of LcLFY. The LcLFY-Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was found in the nucleus. The results suggest that LcLFY plays a pivotal role as a transcription factor in controlling the transition to flowering and in the development of floral organs in litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Houbin Chen
- Horticulture College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxiang Peng
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua He
- Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiechun Pan
- Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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50
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Li X, Fan Z, Guo H, Ye N, Lyu T, Yang W, Wang J, Wang JT, Wu B, Li J, Yin H. Comparative genomics analysis reveals gene family expansion and changes of expression patterns associated with natural adaptations of flowering time and secondary metabolism in yellow Camellia. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:659-671. [PMID: 29948459 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Yellow-flowering species are unique in the genus Camellia not only for their bright yellow pigments but also the health-improving substances in petals. However, little is known regarding the biosynthesis pathways of pigments and secondary metabolites. Here, we performed comparative genomics studies in two yellow-flowered species of the genus Camellia with distinctive flowering periods. We obtained 112,190 and 89,609 unigenes from Camellia nitidissima and Camellia chuongtsoensis, respectively, and identified 9547 gene family clusters shared with various plant species and 3414 single-copy gene families. Global gene expression analysis revealed six comparisons of differentially expressed gene sets in different developmental stages of floral bud. Through the identification of orthologous pairs, conserved and specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between species were compared. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway might be related to the alteration of flowering responses. Furthermore, the expression patterns of secondary metabolism pathway genes were analyzed between yellow- and red-flowered Camellias. We showed that the key enzymes involved in glycosylation of flavonoids displayed differential expression patterns, indicating that the direct glycosylation of flavonols rather than anthocyanins was pivotal to coloration and health-improving metabolites in the yellow Camellia petals. Finally, the gene family analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferases revealed an expansion of group C members in C. nitidissima. Through comparative genomics analysis, we demonstrate that changes of gene expression and gene family members are critical to the variation of natural traits. This work provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation of trait adaptations of floral pigmentation and flowering timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Haobo Guo
- Colleges of Engineering and Computer Science, SimCenter, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - Ning Ye
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Jia-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
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