1
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Kitaoka M, Yamashita YM. Running the gauntlet: challenges to genome integrity in spermiogenesis. Nucleus 2024; 15:2339220. [PMID: 38594652 PMCID: PMC11005813 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2339220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Species' continuity depends on gametogenesis to produce the only cell types that can transmit genetic information across generations. Spermiogenesis, which encompasses post-meiotic, haploid stages of male gametogenesis, is a process that leads to the formation of sperm cells well-known for their motility. Spermiogenesis faces three major challenges. First, after two rounds of meiotic divisions, the genome lacks repair templates (no sister chromatids, no homologous chromosomes), making it incredibly vulnerable to any genomic insults over an extended time (typically days-weeks). Second, the sperm genome becomes transcriptionally silent, making it difficult to respond to new perturbations as spermiogenesis progresses. Third, the histone-to-protamine transition, which is essential to package the sperm genome, counterintuitively involves DNA break formation. How spermiogenesis handles these challenges remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss each challenge and their intersection with the biology of protamines. Finally, we discuss the implication of protamines in the process of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Kitaoka
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yukiko M. Yamashita
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Wang JX, Wang XD, Hu MH. Novel quinoxaline analogs as telomeric G-quadruplex ligands exert antitumor effects related to enhanced immunomodulation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116536. [PMID: 38805936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are commonly formed in the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA. Ligands targeting telomeric G4 induce DNA damage and telomere dysfunction, which makes them potential antitumor drugs. New telomeric G4 ligands with drug-likeness are still needed to be exploited, especially with their antitumor mechanisms thoroughly discussed. In this study, a novel series of quinoxaline analogs were rationally designed and synthesized. Among them, R1 was the most promising ligand for its cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and stabilizing ability with telomeric G4. Cellular assays illustrated that R1 stabilized G4 and induced R-loop accumulation in the telomeric regions, subsequently triggering DNA damage responses, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, apoptosis and antiproliferation. Moreover, R1 evoked immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, which promoted the maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). In breast cancer mouse model, R1 exhibited a significant decrease in tumor burden through the immunomodulatory effects, including the increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumors and cytokine levels in sera. Our research provides a new idea that targeting telomeric G4 induces DNA damage responses, causing antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, partially due to the enhancement of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, International Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, International Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ming-Hao Hu
- Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, International Cancer Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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3
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Fan J, Du X, Chen M, Xu Y, Xu J, Lu L, Zhou S, Kong X, Xu K, Zhang H. Critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 in spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112521. [PMID: 38917519 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurotraumatic condition characterized by severe motor dysfunction and paralysis. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage is involved in SCI pathology. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Although checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-regulated DNA damage is involved in critical cellular processes, its role in SCI regulation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of Chk1 in SCI-induced motor dysfunction. Adult female C57BL/6J mice subjected to T9-T10 spinal cord contusions were used as models of SCI. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, histomorphology, and Chk1 knockdown or overexpression achieved by adeno-associated virus were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Levels of p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX (a cellular DNA damage marker) were upregulated, while ferroptosis-related protein levels, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and x-CT were downregulated, in the spinal cord and hippocampal tissues of SCI mice. Functional experiments revealed increased Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores, indicating that Chk1 downregulation promoted motor function recovery after SCI, whereas Chk1 overexpression aggravated SCI-induced motor dysfunction. In addition, Chk1 downregulation reversed the SCI-increased levels of GPX4 and x-CT expression in the spinal cord and hippocampus, while immunoprecipitation assays revealed strengthened interactions between p-Chk1 and GPX4 in the spinal cord after SCI. Finally, Chk1 downregulation promoted while Chk1 overexpression inhibited NeuN cellular immunoactivity in the spinal cord after SCI, respectively. Collectively, these preliminary results imply that Chk1 is a novel regulator of SCI-induced motor dysfunction, and that interventions targeting Chk1 may represent promising therapeutic targets for neurotraumatic diseases such as SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leilei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China.
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4
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Makinwa Y, Luo Y, Musich PR, Zou Y. Canonical and Noncanonical Functions of the BH3 Domain Protein Bid in Apoptosis, Oncogenesis, Cancer Therapeutics, and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2199. [PMID: 38927905 PMCID: PMC11202167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy with limited adverse effects is a major challenge in the medical field. This is especially complicated by the development of acquired chemoresistance. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie these processes remains a major effort in cancer research. In this review, we focus on the dual role that Bid protein plays in apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway, in oncogenesis and in cancer therapeutics. The BH3 domain in Bid and the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, mitochondrial ATR) it associates with at the outer mitochondrial membrane provides us with a viable target in cancer therapy. We will discuss the roles of Bid, mitochondrial ATR, and other anti-apoptotic proteins in intrinsic apoptosis, exploring how their interaction sustains cellular viability despite the initiation of upstream death signals. The unexpected upregulation of this Bid protein in cancer cells can also be instrumental in explaining the mechanisms behind acquired chemoresistance. The stable protein associations at the mitochondria between tBid and anti-apoptotic mitochondrial ATR play a crucial role in maintaining the viability of cancer cells, suggesting a novel mechanism to induce cancer cell apoptosis by freeing tBid from the ATR associations at mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Makinwa
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yibo Luo
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Shen CI, Chang JC, Jain S, Olsen S, Wu CE. Afatinib Plus Bevacizumab Treatment for a Patient With EGFR S645C-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2400007. [PMID: 38838275 DOI: 10.1200/po.24.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Shen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Suyog Jain
- Medical Affairs, Guardant Health AMEA, Singapore
| | - Steve Olsen
- Medical Affairs, Guardant Health AMEA, Singapore
| | - Chiao-En Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Park JI, Jung SY, Song KH, Lee DH, Ahn J, Hwang SG, Jung IS, Lim DS, Song JY. Predictive DNA damage signaling for low‑dose ionizing radiation. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:56. [PMID: 38695243 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have attempted to develop biological markers for the response to radiation for broad and straightforward application in the field of radiation. Based on a public database, the present study selected several molecules involved in the DNA damage repair response, cell cycle regulation and cytokine signaling as promising candidates for low‑dose radiation‑sensitive markers. The HuT 78 and IM‑9 cell lines were irradiated in a concentration‑dependent manner, and the expression of these molecules was analyzed using western blot analysis. Notably, the activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), p53 and H2A histone family member X (H2AX) significantly increased in a concentration‑dependent manner, which was also observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To determine the radioprotective effects of cinobufagin, as an ATM and CHK2 activator, an in vivo model was employed using sub‑lethal and lethal doses in irradiated mice. Treatment with cinobufagin increased the number of bone marrow cells in sub‑lethal irradiated mice, and slightly elongated the survival of lethally irradiated mice, although the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, KU60019, BML‑277, pifithrin‑α, and nutlin‑3a were evaluated for their ability to modulate radiation‑induced cell death. The use of BML‑277 led to a decrease in radiation‑induced p‑CHK2 and γH2AX levels and mitigated radiation‑induced apoptosis. On the whole, the present study provides a novel approach for developing drug candidates based on the profiling of biological radiation‑sensitive markers. These markers hold promise for predicting radiation exposure and assessing the associated human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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7
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Carceles-Cordon M, Orme JJ, Domingo-Domenech J, Rodriguez-Bravo V. The yin and yang of chromosomal instability in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:357-372. [PMID: 38307951 PMCID: PMC11156566 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer remains an incurable lethal disease. Studies indicate that prostate cancer accumulates genomic changes during disease progression and displays the highest levels of chromosomal instability (CIN) across all types of metastatic tumours. CIN, which refers to ongoing chromosomal DNA gain or loss during mitosis, and derived aneuploidy, are known to be associated with increased tumour heterogeneity, metastasis and therapy resistance in many tumour types. Paradoxically, high CIN levels are also proposed to be detrimental to tumour cell survival, suggesting that cancer cells must develop adaptive mechanisms to ensure their survival. In the context of prostate cancer, studies indicate that CIN has a key role in disease progression and might also offer a therapeutic vulnerability that can be pharmacologically targeted. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of the causes and consequences of CIN in prostate cancer, its contribution to aggressive advanced disease and a better understanding of the acquired CIN tolerance mechanisms can translate into new tumour classifications, biomarker development and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob J Orme
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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8
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Luo D, He F, Liu J, Dong X, Fang M, Liang Y, Chen M, Gui X, Wang W, Zeng L, Fan X, Wu Q. Pseudolaric acid B suppresses NSCLC progression through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116614. [PMID: 38670047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), an acid isolated from the roots of Pseudolarix kaempferi gorden, has shown antitumour effects through multiple mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of PAB on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanism. In our experiments, we observed that PAB decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, impeded scratch healing, and increased apoptosis in H1975 and H1650 cells. Additionally, PAB treatment enhanced the fluorescence intensity of MDC staining in NSCLC cells, upregulated the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3 II), and downregulated the expression of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/P62). Combined treatment with PAB and chloroquine (CQ) increased the protein expression levels of LC3 II and P62 while decreasing the apoptosis of H1975 and H1650 cells. Moreover, treatment with PAB led to significant mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation. PAB combined with compound C (CC) inhibited autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, PAB treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in NSCLC cells, which correlated with the modulation of the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway and was associated with autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, we validated the antitumour growth activity and mechanism of PAB in vivo using athymic nude mice bearing H1975 tumour cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PAB can induce apoptosis and autophagic cell death in NSCLC through the ROS-triggered AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway, making it a promising candidate for future NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Xueting Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Mengying Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Mengqin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Xuemei Gui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China; Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, China.
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510520, China; Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangdong, Zhuhai 51900, China.
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9
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Bisht D, Salave S, Desai N, Gogoi P, Rana D, Biswal P, Sarma G, Benival D, Kommineni N, Desai D. Genome editing and its role in vaccine, diagnosis, and therapeutic advancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131802. [PMID: 38670178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing involves precise modification of specific nucleotides in the genome using nucleases like CRISPR/Cas, ZFN, or TALEN, leading to increased efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) for gene editing, and it can result in gene disruption events via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-driven repair (HDR). Genome editing, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, revolutionizes vaccine development by enabling precise modifications of pathogen genomes, leading to enhanced vaccine efficacy and safety. It allows for tailored antigen optimization, improved vector design, and deeper insights into host genes' impact on vaccine responses, ultimately enhancing vaccine development and manufacturing processes. This review highlights different types of genome editing methods, their associated risks, approaches to overcome the shortcomings, and the diverse roles of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanker Bisht
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Bareilly, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Nimeet Desai
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Purnima Gogoi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin and Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Prachurya Biswal
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Kishanganj 855115, Bihar, India
| | - Gautami Sarma
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Dhruv Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Mironova E, Molinas S, Pozo VD, Bandyopadhyay AM, Lai Z, Kurmashev D, Schneider EL, Santi DV, Chen Y, Kurmasheva RT. Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Talazoparib and Temozolomide in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38893160 PMCID: PMC11171327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancies affecting infants, originating in the kidney, brain, liver, and soft tissues. The 5-year event-free survival rate for these cancers is a mere 20%. In nearly all cases of MRT, the SMARCB1 gene (occasionally SMARCA4)-a pivotal component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex-is homozygously deleted, although the precise etiology of these tumors remains unknown. While young patients with localized MRT generally show improved outcomes, especially those who are older and have early-stage disease, the overall prognosis remains poor despite optimal standard treatments. This highlights the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. We investigated the antitumor activity of a PARP1 inhibitor (talazoparib, TLZ) combined with a DNA alkylating agent (temozolomide, TMZ) in MRT xenograft models. PARP1 is a widely targeted molecule in cancer treatment and, beyond its role in DNA repair, it participates in transcriptional regulation by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes to modulate DNA accessibility for RNA polymerases. To widen the therapeutic window of the drug combination, we employed PEGylated TLZ (PEG~TLZ), which has been reported to reduce systemic toxicity through slow drug release. Remarkably, our findings indicate that five out of six MRT xenografts exhibited an objective response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Significantly, the loss of SMARCB1 was found to confer a protective effect, correlating with higher expression levels of DNA damage and repair proteins in SMARCB1-deficient MRT cells. Additionally, we identified MGMT as a potential biomarker indicative of in vivo MRT response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Moreover, our analysis revealed alterations in signaling pathways associated with the observed antitumor efficacy. This study presents a novel and efficacious therapeutic approach for MRT, along with a promising candidate biomarker for predicting tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mironova
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sebastian Molinas
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vanessa Del Pozo
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abhik M. Bandyopadhyay
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Dias Kurmashev
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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11
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Kadyrova LY, Mieczkowski PA, Kadyrov FA. MutLα suppresses error-prone DNA mismatch repair and preferentially protects noncoding DNA from mutations. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107406. [PMID: 38782208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system promotes genome stability and protects humans from certain types of cancer. Its primary function is the correction of DNA polymerase errors. MutLα is an important eukaryotic MMR factor. We have examined the contributions of MutLα to maintaining genome stability. We show here that loss of MutLα in yeast increases the genome-wide mutation rate by ∼130-fold and generates a genome-wide mutation spectrum that consists of small indels and base substitutions. We also show that loss of yeast MutLα leads to error-prone MMR that produces T > C base substitutions in 5'-ATA-3' sequences. In agreement with this finding, our examination of human whole-genome DNA sequencing data has revealed that loss of MutLα in induced pluripotent stem cells triggers error-prone MMR that leads to the formation of T > C mutations in 5'-NTN-3' sequences. Our further analysis has shown that MutLα-independent MMR plays a role in suppressing base substitutions in N3 homopolymeric runs. In addition, we describe that MutLα preferentially protects noncoding DNA from mutations. Our study defines the contributions of MutLα-dependent and independent mechanisms to genome-wide MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Y Kadyrova
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Piotr A Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Farid A Kadyrov
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
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12
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Gu S, Al-Hashimi HM. Direct Measurement of 8OG Syn-Anti Flips in Mutagenic 8OG·A and Long-Range Damage-Dependent Hoogsteen Breathing Dynamics Using 1H CEST NMR. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4087-4096. [PMID: 38644782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating how damage impacts DNA dynamics is essential for understanding the mechanisms of damage recognition and repair. Many DNA lesions alter their propensities to form low-populated and short-lived conformational states. However, NMR methods to measure these dynamics require isotopic enrichment, which is difficult for damaged nucleotides. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the 1H chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR experiment in measuring the dynamics of oxidatively damaged 8-oxoguanine (8OG) in the mutagenic 8OGsyn·Aanti mismatch. Using 8OG-H7 as an NMR probe of the damaged base, we directly measured 8OG syn-anti flips to form a lowly populated (pop. ∼ 5%) and short-lived (lifetime ∼50 ms) nonmutagenic 8OGanti·Aanti. These exchange parameters were in quantitative agreement with values from 13C off-resonance R1ρ and CEST on the labeled partner adenine. The Watson-Crick-like 8OGsyn·Aanti mismatch also rescued the kinetics of Hoogsteen motions at distant A-T base pairs, which the G·A mismatch had slowed down. The results lend further support for 8OGanti·Aanti as a minor conformational state of 8OG·A, reveal that 8OG damage can impact Hoogsteen dynamics at a distance, and demonstrate the utility of 1H CEST for measuring damage-dependent dynamics in unlabeled DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Hashim M Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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13
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Alanazi ST, Salama SA, El-Ebiary AM, Altowairqi AK, Alharthi AT, Alzahrani SM, Althagafi SH, Alotaibi RA, Tammam AAE. Targeting SIRT1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Nrf2 signaling with chrysin alleviates the iron-triggered hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicology 2024; 504:153766. [PMID: 38432408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Blood transfusion-requiring diseases such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are characterized by an imbalance between iron intake and excretion, resulting in an iron overload (IOL) disorder. Hepatotoxicity is prevalent under the IOL disorder because of the associated hepatocellular redox and inflammatory perturbation. The current work was devoted to investigate the potential protection against the IOL-associated hepatotoxicity using chrysin, a naturally-occurring flavone. IOL model was created in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg elemental iron subdivided on five equal injections; one injection was applied every other day over ten days. Chrysin was administered in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg over the ten-day iron treatment period. On day eleven, blood and liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological, biochemical, and molecular investigations. Chrysin suppressed the IOL-induced hepatocellular damage as revealed by decreased serum activity of the intracellular liver enzymes and improved liver histological picture. Oxidative damage biomarkers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed. Mechanistically, the levels of the redox and inflammation-controlling proteins SIRT1 and PPARγ were efficiently up-regulated. The liver iron load, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and NF-κB acetylation and nuclear shift were significantly suppressed in the iron-intoxicated rats. Equally important, the level of the antioxidant protein Nrf2 and its target HO-1 were up-regulated. In addition, chrysin significantly ameliorated the IOL-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduction in caspase-3 activity and modulation of BAX and Bcl2 protein abundance. Together, these findings highlight the alleviating activity of chrysin against the IOL-associated hepatotoxicity and shed light on the role of SIRT1, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Nrf2 signaling as potential contributing molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyah T Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Magdy El-Ebiary
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | | | - Atheer T Alharthi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad M Alzahrani
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shomokh H Althagafi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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14
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Otake M, Teranishi M, Komatsu C, Hara M, Yoshiyama KO, Hidema J. Poaceae plants transfer cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase to chloroplasts for ultraviolet-B resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:326-342. [PMID: 38345835 PMCID: PMC11060685 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoreactivation enzyme that repairs cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) induced by ultraviolet-B radiation, commonly called CPD photolyase (PHR) is essential for plants living under sunlight. Rice (Oryza sativa) PHR (OsPHR) is a unique triple-targeting protein. The signal sequences required for its translocation to the nucleus or mitochondria are located in the C-terminal region but have yet to be identified for chloroplasts. Here, we identified sequences located in the N-terminal region, including the serine-phosphorylation site at position 7 of OsPHR, and found that OsPHR is transported/localized to chloroplasts via a vesicle transport system under the control of serine-phosphorylation. However, the sequence identified in this study is only conserved in some Poaceae species, and in many other plants, PHR is not localized to the chloroplasts. Therefore, we reasoned that Poaceae species need the ability to repair CPD in the chloroplast genome to survive under sunlight and have uniquely acquired this mechanism for PHR chloroplast translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Otake
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mika Teranishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chiharu Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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15
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Bao S, Yi M, Xiang B, Chen P. Antitumor mechanisms and future clinical applications of the natural product triptolide. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38678240 PMCID: PMC11055311 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL) is a compound sourced from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized for its impressive anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, immunosuppressive, and antitumor qualities. Notwithstanding its favorable attributes, the precise mechanism through which TPL influences tumor cells remains enigmatic. Its toxicity and limited water solubility significantly impede the clinical application of TPL. We offer a comprehensive overview of recent research endeavors aimed at unraveling the antitumor mechanism of TPL in this review. Additionally, we briefly discuss current strategies to effectively manage the challenges associated with TPL in future clinical applications. By compiling this information, we aim to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in TPL and identify potential avenues for further advancement in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- FuRong Laboratory, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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16
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Tabatabaeian H, Bai Y, Huang R, Chaurasia A, Darido C. Navigating therapeutic strategies: HPV classification in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02655-1. [PMID: 38643337 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation recognised human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of multiple cancers, including head and neck cancers. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, and its viral gene expression can be controlled after infection by cellular and viral promoters. In cancer cells, the HPV genome is detected as either integrated into the host genome, episomal (extrachromosomal), or a mixture of integrated and episomal. Viral integration requires the breakage of both viral and host DNA, and the integration rate correlates with the level of DNA damage. Interestingly, patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancers generally have a good prognosis except for a group of patients with fully integrated HPV who show worst clinical outcomes. Those patients present with lowered expression of viral genes and limited infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. An impediment to effective therapy applications in the clinic is the sole testing for HPV positivity without considering the HPV integration status. This review will discuss HPV integration as a potential determinant of response to therapies in head and neck cancers and highlight to the field a novel therapeutic avenue that would reduce the cancer burden and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruihong Huang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Molinuevo R, Menendez J, Cadle K, Ariqat N, Choy MK, Lagousis C, Thomas G, Strietzel C, Bubolz JW, Hinck L. Physiological DNA damage promotes functional endoreplication of mammary gland alveolar cells during lactation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3288. [PMID: 38627401 PMCID: PMC11021458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactation insufficiency affects many women worldwide. During lactation, a large portion of mammary gland alveolar cells become polyploid, but how these cells balance the hyperproliferation occurring during normal alveologenesis with terminal differentiation required for lactation is unknown. Here, we show that DNA damage accumulates due to replication stress during pregnancy, activating the DNA damage response. Modulation of DNA damage levels in vivo by intraductal injections of nucleosides or DNA damaging agents reveals that the degree of DNA damage accumulated during pregnancy governs endoreplication and milk production. We identify a mechanism involving early mitotic arrest through CDK1 inactivation, resulting in a heterogeneous alveolar population with regards to ploidy and nuclei number. The inactivation of CDK1 is mediated by the DNA damage response kinase WEE1 with homozygous loss of Wee1 resulting in decreased endoreplication, alveologenesis and milk production. Thus, we propose that the DNA damage response to replication stress couples proliferation and endoreplication during mammary gland alveologenesis. Our study sheds light on mechanisms governing lactogenesis and identifies non-hormonal means for increasing milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Molinuevo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Julien Menendez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kora Cadle
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Nabeela Ariqat
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marie Klaire Choy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cayla Lagousis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Gwen Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - J W Bubolz
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street, Building 300, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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18
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Wang Z, Zheng Z, Wang B, Zhan C, Yuan X, Lin X, Xin Q, Zhong Z, Qiu X. Characterization of a G2M checkpoint-related gene model and subtypes associated with immunotherapy response for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29289. [PMID: 38617927 PMCID: PMC11015143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) presents challenges in early diagnosis and effective treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish a prognostic model based on G2M checkpoint-related genes and identify associated clusters in ccRCC through clinical bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. Utilizing a single-cell RNA dataset (GSE159115) and bulk-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the G2M checkpoint pathway in ccRCC. Differential expression analysis identified 45 genes associated with the G2M checkpoint, leading to the construction of a predictive model with four key genes (E2F2, GTSE1, RAD54L, and UBE2C). The model demonstrated reliable predictive ability for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival, with AUC values of 0.794, 0.790, and 0.794, respectively. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited a worse prognosis, accompanied by significant differences in immune cell infiltration, immune function, TIDE and IPS scores, and drug sensitivities. Two clusters of ccRCC were identified using the "ConsensusClusterPlus" package, cluster 1 exhibited a worse survival rate and was resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs of Axitinib, Erlotinib, Pazopanib, Sunitinib, and Temsirolimus, but not Sorafenib. Targeted experiments on RAD54L, a gene involved in DNA repair processes, revealed its crucial role in inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and migration in 786-O cells. In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC, identifying potential prognostic genes and molecular subtypes associated with the G2M checkpoint. These findings hold promise for guiding personalized treatment strategies in the management of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zongtai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Bangqi Wang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Changxin Zhan
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qifan Xin
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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19
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Fang Y, Fu M, Li X, Zhang B, Wan C. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli effector EspF triggers oxidative DNA lesions in intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000124. [PMID: 38415639 PMCID: PMC11003234 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00001-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens induce DNA damage and colorectal cancer by injecting effector proteins into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). EspF is one of the T3SS-dependent effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens, which include enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The role of EspF in the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the phosphorylation of the repair protein SMC1 has been demonstrated previously. However, the process of damage accumulation and DSB formation has remained enigmatic, and the damage response is not well understood. Here, we first showed a compensatory increase in the mismatch repair proteins MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) and MSH6, as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, followed by a dramatic decrease, threatening cell survival in the presence of EspF. Flow cytometry revealed that EspF arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase to facilitate DNA repair. Subsequently, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions, a marker of oxidative damage, were assayed by ELISA and immunofluorescence, which revealed the accumulation of 8-oxoG from the cytosol to the nucleus. Furthermore, the status of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and DSBs was confirmed. We observed that EspF accelerated the course of DNA lesions, including 8-oxoG and unrepaired ssDNA, which were converted into DSBs; this was accompanied by the phosphorylation of replication protein A 32 in repair-defective cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that EspF triggers various types of oxidative DNA lesions with impairment of the DNA damage response and may result in genomic instability and cell death, offering novel insight into the tumorigenic potential of EspF.IMPORTANCEOxidative DNA lesions play causative roles in colitis-associated colon cancer. Accumulating evidence shows strong links between attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens and colorectal cancer (CRC). EspF is one of many effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens with defined roles in the induction of oxidative stress, double-strand breaks (DSBs), and repair dysregulation. Here, we found that EspF promotes reactive oxygen species generation and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions when the repair system is activated, contributing to sustained cell survival. However, infected cells exposed to EspF presented 8-oxoG, which results in DSBs and ssDNA accumulation when the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase and the repair system is defective or saturated by DNA lesions. In addition, we found that EspF could intensify the accumulation of nuclear DNA lesions through oxidative and replication stress. Overall, our work highlights the involvement of EspF in DNA lesions and DNA damage response, providing a novel avenue by which A/E pathogens may contribute to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Hu S, Jiang C, Jin Q. Discovery of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-one derivatives as checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors with potent antitumor efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116351. [PMID: 38547734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays a crucial role in the DNA damage response pathway, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. Herein, we present the synthesis, optimization, and evaluation of selective CHK1 inhibitors with a pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-one scaffold. Among them, compound 11 showed single-digit nanomolar potency against CHK1 (IC50: 0.55 nM) with good kinase selectivity. Notably, 11 showed anti-proliferative effect in MV-4-11 cells singly (IC50 = 202 nM) and a synergistic effect in combination with gemcitabine in HT-29 cells (IC50 = 63.53 nM). Furthermore, the combination of 11 and gemcitabine exhibited synergistic effect in the HT-29 xenograft mouse model. Overall, this work provides a strong foundation for the development of selective CHK1 inhibitors and the therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; SkyRun Pharma Co., Ltd., No. 9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Kadyrova LY, Mieczkowski PA, Kadyrov FA. MutLα suppresses error-prone DNA mismatch repair and preferentially protects noncoding DNA from mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587563. [PMID: 38617288 PMCID: PMC11014525 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system promotes genome stability and protects humans from certain types of cancer. Its primary function is the correction of DNA polymerase errors. MutLα is an important eukaryotic MMR factor. We have examined the contributions of MutLα to maintaining genome stability. We show here that loss of MutLα in yeast increases the genome-wide mutation rate by ~130-fold and generates a genome-wide mutation spectrum that consists of small indels and base substitutions. We also show that loss of yeast MutLα leads to error-prone MMR that produces T>C base substitutions in 5'-ATA-3' sequences. In agreement with this finding, our examination of human whole genome DNA sequencing data has revealed that loss of MutLα in induced pluripotent stem cells triggers error-prone MMR that leads to the formation of T>C mutations in 5'-NTN-3' sequences. Our further analysis has shown that MutLα-independent MMR plays a role in suppressing base substitutions in N3 homopolymeric runs. In addition, we describe that MutLα preferentially defends noncoding DNA from mutations. Our study defines the contributions of MutLα-dependent and independent mechanisms to genome-wide MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Y. Kadyrova
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Piotr A. Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Farid A. Kadyrov
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Cao X, Yan Z, Chen Z, Ge Y, Hu X, Peng F, Huang W, Zhang P, Sun R, Chen J, Ding M, Zong D, He X. The Emerging Role of Deubiquitinases in Radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1347-1370. [PMID: 38092257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for cancer, but radioresistance remains a significant challenge in improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that deubiquitinases (DUBs) play a crucial role in regulating cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Traditional small-molecule DUB inhibitors have demonstrated radiosensitization effects, and novel deubiquitinase-targeting chimeras (DUBTACs) provide a promising strategy for radiosensitizer development by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review highlights the mechanisms by which DUBs regulate radiosensitivity, including DNA damage repair, the cell cycle, cell death, and hypoxia. Progress on DUB inhibitors and DUBTACs is summarized, and their potential radiosensitization effects are discussed. Developing drugs targeting DUBs appears to be a promising alternative approach to overcoming radioresistance, warranting further research into their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Ge
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyu Peng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingchuan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruozhou Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Qiu Y, Pei D, Wang M, Wang Q, Duan W, Wang L, Liu K, Guo Y, Luo L, Guo Z, Guan F, Wang Z, Xing A, Liu Z, Ma Z, Jiang G, Yan D, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang W. Nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein facilitates glioblastoma progression and radioresistance by regulating the ANXA2/STAT3 axis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14709. [PMID: 38605477 PMCID: PMC11009454 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although radiotherapy is a core treatment modality for various human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its clinical effects are often limited by radioresistance. The specific molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance are largely unknown, and the reduction of radioresistance is an unresolved challenge in GBM research. METHODS We analyzed and verified the expression of nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP) in gliomas and its relationship with patient prognosis. We also explored the function of NASP in GBM cell lines. We performed further mechanistic experiments to investigate the mechanisms by which NASP facilitates GBM progression and radioresistance. An intracranial mouse model was used to verify the effectiveness of combination therapy. RESULTS NASP was highly expressed in gliomas, and its expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of glioma. Functionally, NASP facilitated GBM cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and radioresistance. Mechanistically, NASP interacted directly with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and promoted its nuclear localization, which may have been mediated by phospho-annexin A2 (Tyr23). The NASP/ANXA2 axis was involved in DNA damage repair after radiotherapy, which explains the radioresistance of GBM cells that highly express NASP. NASP overexpression significantly activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The combination of WP1066 (a STAT3 pathway inhibitor) and radiotherapy significantly inhibited GBM growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that NASP may serve as a potential biomarker of GBM radioresistance and has important implications for improving clinical radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Qiu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Dongling Pei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Minkai Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wenchao Duan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Li Wang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Kehan Liu
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhixuan Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fangzhan Guan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Aoqi Xing
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zeyu Ma
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Dongming Yan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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24
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Hoag A, Duan M, Mao P. The role of Transcription Factor IIH complex in nucleotide excision repair. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65 Suppl 1:72-81. [PMID: 37545038 PMCID: PMC10903506 DOI: 10.1002/em.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage occurs throughout life from a variety of sources, and it is imperative to repair damage in a timely manner to maintain genome stability. Thus, DNA repair mechanisms are a fundamental part of life. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays an important role in the removal of bulky DNA adducts, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from ultraviolet light or DNA crosslinking damage from platinum-based chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin. A main component for the NER pathway is transcription factor IIH (TFIIH), a multifunctional, 10-subunit protein complex with crucial roles in both transcription and NER. In transcription, TFIIH is a component of the pre-initiation complex and is important for promoter opening and the phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II). During repair, TFIIH is important for DNA unwinding, recruitment of downstream repair factors, and verification of the bulky lesion. Several different disease states can arise from mutations within subunits of the TFIIH complex. Most strikingly are xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP combined with Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Here, we summarize the recruitment and functions of TFIIH in the two NER subpathways, global genomic (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER). We will also discuss how TFIIH's roles in the two subpathways lead to different genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Hoag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Mingrui Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Peng Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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25
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Liu YL, Liu JY, Zhu XX, Wei JH, Mi SL, Liu SY, Li XL, Zhang WW, Zhao LL, Wang H, Xu DX, Gao L. Pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR arrests spermatogonia proliferation by inducing DSB and inhibiting SIRT6 dependent DNA repair in vivo and in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116191. [PMID: 38460408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction toxicity of pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. In the current study, pubertal male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg/kg MC-LR for four weeks. Pubertal exposure to MC-LR decreased epididymal sperm concentration and blocked spermatogonia proliferation. In-vitro studies found MC-LR inhibited cell proliferation of GC-1 cells and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, MC-LR exposure evoked excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced DNA double-strand break in GC-1 cells. Besides, MC-LR inhibited DNA repair by reducing PolyADP-ribosylation (PARylation) activity of PARP1. Further study found MC-LR caused proteasomal degradation of SIRT6, a monoADP-ribosylation enzyme which is essential for PARP1 PARylation activity, due to destruction of SIRT6-USP10 interaction. Additionally, MG132 pretreatment alleviated MC-LR-induced SIRT6 degradation and promoted DNA repair, leading to the restoration of cell proliferation inhibition. Correspondingly, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) pre-treatment mitigated the disturbed SIRT6-USP10 interaction and SIRT6 degradation, causing recovered DNA repair and subsequently restoration of cell proliferation inhibition in MC-LR treated GC-1 cells. Together, pubertal exposure to MC-LR induced spermatogonia cell cycle arrest and sperm count reduction by oxidative DNA damage and simultaneous SIRT6-mediated DNA repair failing. This study reports the effect of pubertal exposure to MC-LR on spermatogenesis and complex mechanism how MC-LR induces spermatogonia cell proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Su-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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26
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Tao Q, Dong H, Shi Z, Zhou L. Low-frequency magnetic field therapy for glioblastoma: Current advances, mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00125-5. [PMID: 38565404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Despite recent advances in multimodal GBM therapy incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), and supportive care, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, and long-term survival is rare. Currently, the primary obstacles hindering the effectiveness of GBM treatment are still the blood-brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. In light of its substantial advantages over conventional therapies, such as strong penetrative ability and minimal side effects, low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs) therapy has gradually caught the attention of scientists. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of applying LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM. We specifically emphasize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which LF-MFs mediate anticancer effects and the challenges faced by LF-MFs in treating GBM cells. Furthermore, we discuss the prospective applications of magnetic field therapy in the future treatment of GBM. Key scientific concepts of review: The review explores the current progress on the use of LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM with a special focus on the potential underlying mechanisms of LF-MFs in anticancer effects. Additionally, we also discussed the complex magnetic field features and biological characteristics related to magnetic bioeffects. Finally, we proposed a promising magnetic field treatment strategy for future applications in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China
| | - Quan Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
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27
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Wang SH, Yeh CH, Wu CW, Hsu CY, Tsai EM, Hung CM, Wang YW, Hsieh TH. PFDN4 as a Prognostic Marker Was Associated with Chemotherapy Resistance through CREBP1/AURKA Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3906. [PMID: 38612711 PMCID: PMC11012048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and its incidence is increasing. It is currently mainly treated by clinical chemotherapy, but chemoresistance remains poorly understood. Prefolded proteins 4 (PFDN4) are molecular chaperone complexes that bind to newly synthesized polypeptides and allow them to fold correctly to stabilize protein formation. This study aimed to investigate the role of PFDN4 in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. Our study found that PFDN4 was highly expressed in breast cancer compared to normal tissues and was statistically significantly associated with stage, nodal status, subclasses (luminal, HER2 positive and triple negative), triple-negative subtype and disease-specific survival by TCGA database analysis. CRISPR knockout of PFDN4 inhibited the growth of 89% of breast cancer cell lines, and the triple-negative cell line exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than the non-triple-negative cell line. High PFDN4 expression was associated with poor overall survival in chemotherapy and resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel through the CREBP1/AURKA pathway in the triple-negative MDAMB231 cell line. This study provides insightful evidence for the value of PFDN4 in poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ho Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsi Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-W.W.)
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28
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Misra HS, Rajpurohit YS. DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation in bacteria: a twist around the paradigm. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1389074. [PMID: 38605710 PMCID: PMC11007091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-protease activity in the RecA-ssDNA complex cleaves the autorepressor LexA, resulting in the derepression of a large number of genes under LexA control. This process is called the SOS response, and genes that are expressed in response to DNA damage are called SOS genes. The proteins encoded by the SOS genes are involved in both DNA repair and maintaining the functions of crucial cell division proteins (e.g., FtsZ) under check until the damaged DNA is presumably repaired. This mechanism of SOS response is the only known mechanism of DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation in bacteria. However, there are bacteria that do not obey this rule of DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation, yet they respond to DNA damage, repair it, and survive. That means such bacteria would have some alternate mechanism(s) of DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation beyond the canonical pathway of the SOS response. In this study, we present the perspectives that bacteria may have other mechanisms of DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation mediated by bacterial eukaryotic type Ser/Thr protein kinases as an alternate to the canonical SOS response and herewith elaborate on them with a well-studied example in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Sharan Misra
- School of Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Yogendra Singh Rajpurohit
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute (DAE Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
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29
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Liu J, Tan X, Li L, Cao L, Zhou Y, Li H, Peng T. Protein expression of nucleolar protein 12 in the retina and its implication in protection of retina from UV irradiation damage. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38467618 PMCID: PMC10928217 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar protein 12 (NOL12), one of the nucleolar proteins which are primarily expressed in the nucleolus and play key roles in RNA metabolism, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell survival, is widely expressed in various species and multiple organs. Although it has been reported that the mRNA of Drosophila NOL12 homolog viriato is expressed in the eyes of Drosophila, the protein expression of NOL12 in mammalian eyes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we showed through immunohistochemistry that NOL12 was present in the rat retina, with predominant distribution in the cytoplasm of the retinal neuronal cells. In the human retinoblastoma cell line WERI-Rb1, we found that altering NOL12 expression led to a change in WERI-Rb1 cell viability. Knocking down NOL12 expression decreased cell viability. In contrast, overexpressing NOL12 increased cell viability. Furthermore, increasing NOL12 expression inhibited ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrated that NOL12 may play an important protective role in retinal cells. In the WERI-Rb1 cells exposed to UV irradiation, we detected that NOL12 was degraded, but this degradation could be attenuated by a pan-Caspase inhibitor. Notably, the inhibitory effect of NOL12 against UV-induced apoptosis could be restrained by increasing the expression of ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR), a kinase that, when activated by severe DNA damage, can result in apoptosis. We also found that upregulating NOL12 inhibited the activation of ATR caused by UV irradiation. Additionally, inhibiting ATR activity reduced apoptosis resulting from both silencing NOL12 expression and UV exposure. Thus, NOL12 may protect against UV irradiation-induced retinal damage by inhibiting ATR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Chen J, Lin Y, Gen D, Chen W, Han R, Li H, Tang S, Zheng S, Zhong X. Integrated mRNA- and miRNA-sequencing analyses unveil the underlying mechanism of tobacco pollutant-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. J Transl Med 2024; 22:253. [PMID: 38459561 PMCID: PMC10924323 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco pollutants are prevalent in the environment, leading to inadvertent exposure of pregnant females. Studies of these pollutants' toxic effects on embryonic development have not fully elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) at concentrations of 0.25, 1, and 2.5% using a zebrafish embryo toxicity test and integrated transcriptomic analysis of microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). The findings revealed that CSE caused developmental toxicity, including increased mortality and decreased incubation rate, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE induced malformations and apoptosis, specifically in the head and heart of zebrafish larvae. We used mRNA and miRNA sequencing analyses to compare changes in the expression of genes and miRNAs in zebrafish larvae. The bioinformatics analysis indicates that the mechanism underlying CSE-induced developmental toxicity was associated with compromised genetic material damage repair, deregulated apoptosis, and disturbed lipid metabolism. The enrichment analysis and RT-qPCR show that the ctsba gene plays a crucial function in embryo developmental apoptosis, and the fads2 gene mainly regulates lipid metabolic toxicity. The results of this study improve the understanding of CSE-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos and contribute insights into the formulation of novel preventive strategies against tobacco pollutants during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyi Gen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxian Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Hu S, Li X, Gong T, Tian G, Guo S, Huo C, Wan J, Liu R. New mechanistic insights into halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern of monohaloacetamide disinfection byproducts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133132. [PMID: 38056269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As highly toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs), monohaloacetamides (monoHAcAms) generally exhibited a cytotoxic rank order of iodoacetamide ˃ bromoacetamide ˃ chloroacetamide. However, the mechanisms underlying the halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern remain largely veiled as yet. In this work, oxidative stress/damage levels in monoHAcAm-treated Chinese hamster ovary cells were thoroughly analyzed, and binding interactions between monoHAcAms and antioxidative enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were investigated by multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. Upon exposure to monoHAcAms, the intracellular levels of key biomarkers associated with oxidative stress/damage, including reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, cell apoptosis, and G1 cell cycle arrest, were all significantly increased in a dose-response manner with the same halogen-dependent rank order as their cytotoxicity. Moreover, this rank order was also determined to be applicable to the monoHAcAm-induced alterations in the conformation, secondary structure, and activity of Cu/Zn-SOD, the microenvironment surrounding aromatic amino acid residues in Cu/Zn-SOD, as well as the predicted binding energy of SOD-monoHAcAm interactions. Our results revealed that the halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern of monoHAcAms was attributed to their differential capacity to induce oxidative stress/damage and their interaction with antioxidative enzyme, which contribute to a better understanding of the halogenated DBP-induced toxicological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chengqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Hara K, Tatsukawa K, Nagata K, Iida N, Hishiki A, Ohashi E, Hashimoto H. Structural basis for intra- and intermolecular interactions on RAD9 subunit of 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp implies functional 9-1-1 regulation by RHINO. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105751. [PMID: 38354779 PMCID: PMC10937111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA clamp is a trimeric protein featuring a toroidal ring structure that binds DNA on the inside of the ring and multiple proteins involved in DNA transactions on the outside. Eukaryotes have two types of DNA clamps: the replication clamp PCNA and the checkpoint clamp RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1). 9-1-1 activates the ATR-CHK1 pathway in DNA damage checkpoint, regulating cell cycle progression. Structure of 9-1-1 consists of two moieties: a hetero-trimeric ring formed by PCNA-like domains of three subunits and an intrinsically disordered C-terminal region of the RAD9 subunit, called RAD9 C-tail. The RAD9 C-tail interacts with the 9-1-1 ring and disrupts the interaction between 9-1-1 and DNA, suggesting a negative regulatory role for this intramolecular interaction. In contrast, RHINO, a 9-1-1 binding protein, interacts with both RAD1 and RAD9 subunits, positively regulating checkpoint activation by 9-1-1. This study presents a biochemical and structural analysis of intra- and inter-molecular interactions on the 9-1-1 ring. Biochemical analysis indicates that RAD9 C-tail binds to the hydrophobic pocket on the PCNA-like domain of RAD9, implying that the pocket is involved in multiple protein-protein interactions. The crystal structure of the 9-1-1 ring in complex with a RHINO peptide reveals that RHINO binds to the hydrophobic pocket of RAD9, shedding light on the RAD9-binding motif. Additionally, the study proposes a structural model of the 9-1-1-RHINO quaternary complex. Together, these findings provide functional insights into the intra- and inter-molecular interactions on the front side of RAD9, elucidating the roles of RAD9 C-tail and RHINO in checkpoint activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Hara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiho Nagata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Iida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Asami Hishiki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohashi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Ge L, Shi J. N-acetylcysteine as a novel methacrylate-based resin cement component: effect on cell apoptosis and genotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38347533 PMCID: PMC10863190 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by monomers leached from dental composite resins. Herein, we investigated the effects of methacrylate-based resin cement used in dental implant restoration on apoptosis and genotoxicity, as well as the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of its component, NAC. METHODS The antioxidant NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) was experimentally incorporated into the methacrylate-based dental resin cement Premier®. The Premier® + NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) mixture was subsequently immersed into Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 72 h, and used to treat human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The viability of HGFs was determined using the XTT assay. The formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) was determined using a γ-H2AX assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycles were detected and analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The eluate of Premier® significantly inhibited HGF proliferation in vitro by promoting a G1-phase cell cycle arrest, resulting in cell apoptosis. Significant ROS production and DNA-DSB induction were also found in HGFs exposed to the eluate. Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into Premier® was found to reduce cell cytotoxicity, the percentage of G1-phase cells, cell apoptosis, ROS production, and DNA-DSB induction. CONCLUSION Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into methacrylate-based resin cement Premier® decreases the cell cytotoxicity, ROS production, and DNA-DSBs associated with resin use, and further offers protective effects against the early stages of cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest in HGFs. Overall, our in vitro results indicate that the addition of NAC into methacrylate-based resin cements may have clinically beneficial effects on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelun Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingu Ge
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhan Lu 1366, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ha YH, Chang KS, Gil HY. Characteristics of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes and intracellular gene transfer in the Korean endemic shrub, Sophora koreensis Nakai (Fabaceae). Gene 2024; 894:147963. [PMID: 37926173 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sophora koreensis Nakai, an endemic species distributed only in the Korean Peninsula, is of great geographical, economic, and taxonomic importance. Although its complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence has been reported, its mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence has not yet been studied. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate its mt genome sequence and compare it with those reported for other Fabaceae species. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh S. koreensis leaves collected from natural habitats in Gangwon-do Province, South Korea. This was followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cpDNA insertions in the mt genome and the detection of microsatellites and dispersed repeats in the cp and mt genomes. Finally, the cp and mt genomes of S. koreensis were compared with those reported for other Fabaceae species. The cp sequence of S. koreensis showed identical gene orders and contents as those previously reported. Only six substitutions and one deletion were detected with 99 % homology. Conversely, the complete mt genome sequence, which was 517,845 bp in length and encoded 61 genes, including 43 protein-coding, 15 transfer RNAs, and 3 ribosomal RNA genes, was considerably different from that of S. japonica in terms of gene order and composition. Further, the mt genome of S. koreensis included ca. 7 and 3 kb insertions, representing an intracellular gene transfer (IGT) event, and the regions with these insertions were determined to be originally present in the cp genome. This IGT event was also confirmed via PCR amplification. IGT events can be induced via biological gene expression control or the use of repetitive sequences, and they provide important insights into the evolutionary lineage of S. koreensis. However, further studies are needed to clarify the gene transfer mechanisms between the two organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Ha
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Sun Chang
- DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do 24564, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Gil
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11186, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Kanev PB, Atemin A, Stoynov S, Aleksandrov R. PARP1 roles in DNA repair and DNA replication: The basi(c)s of PARP inhibitor efficacy and resistance. Semin Oncol 2024; 51:2-18. [PMID: 37714792 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity is under constant insult from endogenous and exogenous sources. In order to cope, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate network of DNA repair that can deal with diverse lesion types and exhibits considerable functional redundancy. PARP1 is a major sensor of DNA breaks with established and putative roles in a number of pathways within the DNA repair network, including repair of single- and double-strand breaks as well as protection of the DNA replication fork. Importantly, PARP1 is the major target of small-molecule PARP inhibitors (PARPi), which are employed in the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors, as the latter are particularly susceptible to the accumulation of DNA damage due to an inability to efficiently repair highly toxic double-strand DNA breaks. The clinical success of PARPi has fostered extensive research into PARP biology, which has shed light on the involvement of PARP1 in various genomic transactions. A major goal within the field has been to understand the relationship between catalytic inhibition and PARP1 trapping. The specific consequences of inhibition and trapping on genomic stability as a basis for the cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitors remain a matter of debate. Finally, PARP inhibition is increasingly recognized for its capacity to elicit/modulate anti-tumor immunity. The clinical potential of PARP inhibition is, however, hindered by the development of resistance. Hence, extensive efforts are invested in identifying factors that promote resistance or sensitize cells to PARPi. The current review provides a summary of advances in our understanding of PARP1 biology, the mechanistic nature, and molecular consequences of PARP inhibition, as well as the mechanisms that give rise to PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar-Bogomil Kanev
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Atemin
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyno Stoynov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Radoslav Aleksandrov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Bournaka S, Badra-Fajardo N, Arbi M, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. The cell cycle revisited: DNA replication past S phase preserves genome integrity. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:45-55. [PMID: 38346544 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and complete DNA duplication is critical for maintaining genome integrity. Multiple mechanisms regulate when and where DNA replication takes place, to ensure that the entire genome is duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. Although the bulk of the genome is copied during the S phase of the cell cycle, increasing evidence suggests that parts of the genome are replicated in G2 or mitosis, in a last attempt to secure that daughter cells inherit an accurate copy of parental DNA. Remaining unreplicated gaps may be passed down to progeny and replicated in the next G1 or S phase. These findings challenge the long-established view that genome duplication occurs strictly during the S phase, bridging DNA replication to DNA repair and providing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Bournaka
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Nibal Badra-Fajardo
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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37
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Han FY, Wu RX, Miao BB, Niu SF, Wang QH, Liang ZB. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analyses Reveal the Whip-like Tail Formation, Innate Immune Evolution, and DNA Repair Mechanisms of Eupleurogrammus muticus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:434. [PMID: 38338077 PMCID: PMC10854985 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Smallhead hairtail (Eupleurogrammus muticus) is an important marine economic fish distributed along the northern Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific coast; however, little is known about the mechanism of its genetic evolution. This study generated the first genome assembly of E. muticus at the chromosomal level using a combination of PacBio SMRT, Illumina Nova-Seq, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembled genome size was 709.27 Mb, with a contig N50 of 25.07 Mb, GC content of 40.81%, heterozygosity rate of 1.18%, and repetitive sequence rate of 35.43%. E. muticus genome contained 21,949 protein-coding genes (97.92% of the genes were functionally annotated) and 24 chromosomes. There were 143 expansion gene families, 708 contraction gene families, and 4888 positively selected genes in the genome. Based on the comparative genomic analyses, we screened several candidate genes and pathways related to whip-like tail formation, innate immunity, and DNA repair in E. muticus. These findings preliminarily reveal some molecular evolutionary mechanisms of E. muticus at the genomic level and provide important reference genomic data for the genetic studies of other trichiurids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Han
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Ben-Ben Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (F.-Y.H.); (S.-F.N.); (Z.-B.L.)
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Erdemir Sayan S, Sreekumar R, Bhome R, Mirnezami A, Yagci T, Sayan AE. ERCC1 abundance is an indicator of DNA repair-apoptosis decision upon DNA damage. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38272916 PMCID: PMC10810800 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for successful propagation of genetic material and fidelity of transcription. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the earliest DNA repair mechanisms, functionally conserved from bacteria to human. The fact that number of NER genes vary significantly between prokaryotes and metazoans gives the insight that NER proteins have evolved to acquire additional functions to combat challenges associated with a diploid genome, including being involved in the decision between DNA repair and apoptosis. However, no direct association between apoptosis and NER proteins has been shown to date. In this study, we induced apoptosis with a variety of agents, including oxaliplatin, doxorubicin and TRAIL, and observed changes in the abundance and molecular weight of NER complex proteins. Our results showed that XPA, XPC and ERCC1 protein levels change during DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Among these, ERCC1 decrease was observed as a pre-mitochondria depolarisation event which marks the "point of no return" in apoptosis signalling. ERCC1 decrease was due to proteasomal degradation upon lethal doses of oxaliplatin exposure. When ERCC1 protein was stabilised using proteasome inhibitors, the pro-apoptotic activity of oxaliplatin was attenuated. These results explain why clinical trials using proteasome inhibitors and platinum derivatives showed limited efficacy in carcinoma treatment and also the importance of how deep understanding of DNA repair mechanisms can improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Erdemir Sayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Rahul Sreekumar
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rahul Bhome
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alex Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - A Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Kose C, Cao X, Dewey EB, Malkoç M, Adebali O, Sekelsky J, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Sancar A. Cross-species investigation into the requirement of XPA for nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:677-689. [PMID: 37994737 PMCID: PMC10810185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After reconstitution of nucleotide excision repair (excision repair) with XPA, RPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPF-ERCC1 and XPG, it was concluded that these six factors are the minimal essential components of the excision repair machinery. All six factors are highly conserved across diverse organisms spanning yeast to humans, yet no identifiable homolog of the XPA gene exists in many eukaryotes including green plants. Nevertheless, excision repair is reported to be robust in the XPA-lacking organism, Arabidopsis thaliana, which raises a fundamental question of whether excision repair could occur without XPA in other organisms. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of XPA across all species with annotated genomes and then quantitatively measured excision repair in the absence of XPA using the sensitive whole-genome qXR-Seq method in human cell lines and two model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. We find that although the absence of XPA results in inefficient excision repair and UV-sensitivity in humans, flies, and worms, excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage is detectable over background. These studies have yielded a significant discovery regarding the evolution of XPA protein and its mechanistic role in nucleotide excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kose
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xuemei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Evan B Dewey
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Malkoç
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ogün Adebali
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Computational Science-Biological Sciences, TÜBITAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, Gebze, Türkiye
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A Lindsey-Boltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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40
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Moris VC, Bruneau L, Berthe J, Heuskin AC, Penninckx S, Ritter S, Weber U, Durante M, Danchin EGJ, Hespeels B, Doninck KV. Ionizing radiation responses appear incidental to desiccation responses in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga. BMC Biol 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38273318 PMCID: PMC10809525 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The remarkable resistance to ionizing radiation found in anhydrobiotic organisms, such as some bacteria, tardigrades, and bdelloid rotifers has been hypothesized to be incidental to their desiccation resistance. Both stresses produce reactive oxygen species and cause damage to DNA and other macromolecules. However, this hypothesis has only been investigated in a few species. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic response of the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga to desiccation and to low- (X-rays) and high- (Fe) LET radiation to highlight the molecular and genetic mechanisms triggered by both stresses. We identified numerous genes encoding antioxidants, but also chaperones, that are constitutively highly expressed, which may contribute to the protection of proteins against oxidative stress during desiccation and ionizing radiation. We also detected a transcriptomic response common to desiccation and ionizing radiation with the over-expression of genes mainly involved in DNA repair and protein modifications but also genes with unknown functions that were bdelloid-specific. A distinct transcriptomic response specific to rehydration was also found, with the over-expression of genes mainly encoding Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins, specific heat shock proteins, and glucose repressive proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the extreme resistance of bdelloid rotifers to radiation might indeed be a consequence of their capacity to resist complete desiccation. This study paves the way to functional genetic experiments on A. vaga targeting promising candidate proteins playing central roles in radiation and desiccation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Moris
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Evolution (MBE), Department of Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lucie Bruneau
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jérémy Berthe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Laboratory of Analysis By Nuclear Reactions (LARN), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Penninckx
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uli Weber
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Boris Hespeels
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Karine Van Doninck
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Evolution (MBE), Department of Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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Wang Z, Li W, Li F, Xiao R. An update of predictive biomarkers related to WEE1 inhibition in cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:13. [PMID: 38231277 PMCID: PMC10794259 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE WEE1 is a crucial kinase involved in the regulation of G2/M checkpoint within the cell cycle. This article aims to comprehensively review the existing knowledge on the implication of WEE1 as a therapeutic target in tumor progression and drug resistance. Furthermore, we summarize the current predictive biomarkers employed to treat cancer with WEE1 inhibitors. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyze the association between WEE1 inhibition and cancer progression, including tumor advancement and drug resistance. Special attention was paid to the identification and utilization of predictive biomarkers related to therapeutic response to WEE1 inhibitors. RESULTS The review highlights the intricate involvement of WEE1 in tumor progression and drug resistance. It synthesizes the current knowledge on predictive biomarkers employed in WEE1 inhibitor treatments, offering insights into their prognostic significance. Notably, the article elucidates the potential for precision medicine by understanding these biomarkers in the context of tumor treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION WEE1 plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and is a promising therapeutic target. Distinguishing patients that would benefit from WEE1 inhibition will be a major direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxia Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Gu S, Al-Hashimi HM. Direct Measurement of 8OG syn-anti Flips in Mutagenic 8OG•A and Long-Range Damage-Dependent Hoogsteen Breathing Dynamics Using 1H CEST NMR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575532. [PMID: 38293035 PMCID: PMC10827055 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating how damage impacts DNA dynamics is essential for understanding the mechanisms of damage recognition and repair. Many DNA lesions alter the propensities to form lowly-populated and short-lived conformational states. However, NMR methods to measure these dynamics require isotopic enrichment, which is difficult for damaged nucleotides. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the 1H chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR experiment in measuring the dynamics of oxidatively damaged 8-oxoguanine (8OG) in the mutagenic 8OGsyn•Aanti mismatch. Using 8OG-H7 as an NMR probe of the damaged base, we directly measured 8OG syn-anti flips to form a lowly-populated (pop. ~ 5%) and short-lived (lifetime ~ 50 ms) non-mutagenic 8OGanti•Aanti. These exchange parameters were in quantitative agreement with values from 13C off-resonance R1ρ and CEST on a labeled partner adenine. The Watson-Crick-like 8OGsyn•Aanti mismatch also rescued the kinetics of Hoogsteen motions at distance A-T base pairs, which the G•A mismatch had slowed down. The results lend further support for 8OGanti•Aanti as a minor conformational state of 8OG•A, reveal that 8OG damage can impact Hoogsteen dynamics at a distance, and demonstrate the utility of 1H CEST for measuring damage-dependent dynamics in unlabeled DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hashim M. Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Reyes-Ábalos AL, Álvarez-Zabaleta M, Olivera-Bravo S, Di Tomaso MV. Astrocyte DNA damage and response upon acute exposure to ethanol and corticosterone. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1277047. [PMID: 38259729 PMCID: PMC10800529 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1277047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Astrocytes are the glial cells responsible for brain homeostasis, but if injured, they could damage neural cells even deadly. Genetic damage, DNA damage response (DDR), and its downstream cascades are dramatic events poorly studied in astrocytes. Hypothesis and methods: We propose that 1 h of 400 mmol/L ethanol and/or 1 μmol/L corticosterone exposure of cultured hippocampal astrocytes damages DNA, activating the DDR and eliciting functional changes. Immunolabeling against γH2AX (chromatin DNA damage sites), cyclin D1 (cell cycle control), nuclear (base excision repair, BER), and cytoplasmic (anti-inflammatory functions) APE1, ribosomal nucleolus proteins together with GFAP and S100β plus scanning electron microscopy studies of the astrocyte surface were carried out. Results: Data obtained indicate significant DNA damage, immediate cell cycle arrest, and BER activation. Changes in the cytoplasmic signals of cyclin D1 and APE1, nucleolus number, and membrane-attached vesicles strongly suggest a reactivity like astrocyte response without significant morphological changes. Discussion: Obtained results uncover astrocyte genome immediate vulnerability and DDR activation, plus a functional response that might in part, be signaled through extracellular vesicles, evidencing the complex influence that astrocytes may have on the CNS even upon short-term aggressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Reyes-Ábalos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Álvarez-Zabaleta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - María Vittoria Di Tomaso
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Chen H, Zhou S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Leng L, Cao Z, Luan P, Li Y, Wang S, Li H, Cheng B. HBP1 promotes chicken preadipocyte proliferation via directly repressing SOCS3 transcription. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128414. [PMID: 38029903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Preadipocyte proliferation is an essential process in adipose development. During proliferation of preadipocytes, transcription factors play crucial roles. HMG-box protein 1 (HBP1) is an important transcription factor of cellular proliferation. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of HBP1 in the proliferation of preadipocytes remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression level of HBP1 decreased first and then increased during the proliferation of chicken preadipocytes. Knockout of HBP1 could inhibit the proliferation of preadipocytes, while overexpression of HBP1 could promote the proliferation of preadipocytes. ChIP-seq data showed that HBP1 had the unique DNA binding motif in chicken preadipocytes. By integrating ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we revealed a total of 3 candidate target genes of HBP1. Furthermore, the results of ChIP-qPCR, RT-qPCR, luciferase reporter assay and EMSA showed that HBP1 could inhibit the transcription of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by binding to its promoter. Moreover, we confirmed that SOCS3 can mediate the regulation of HBP1 on the proliferation of preadipocytes through RNAi and rescue experiments. Altogether, these data demonstrated that HBP1 directly targets SOCS3 to regulate chicken preadipocyte proliferation. Our findings expand the transcriptional regulatory network of preadipocyte proliferation, and they will be helpful in formulating a molecular breeding scheme to control excessive abdominal fat deposition and to improve meat quality in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Youdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Bohan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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Liu Z, Feng C, Li C, He T, Wu G, Fu C, Li H, Shen M, Liu H. IGF-I protects porcine granulosa cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by promoting homologous recombination repair through the PI3K/AKT/E2F8/RAD51 pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23332. [PMID: 38095232 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe hypoxia induced by vascular compromise (ovarian torsion, surgery), obliteration of vessels (aging, chemotherapy, particularly platinum drugs) can cause massive follicle atresia. On the other hand, hypoxia increases the occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and triggers cellular damage repair mechanisms; however, if the damage is not promptly repaired, it can also induce the apoptosis program. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone that plays essential roles in stimulating mammalian follicular development. Here, we report a novel role for IGF-I in protecting hypoxic GCs from apoptosis by promoting DNA repair through the homologous recombination (HR) process. Indeed, the hypoxic environment within follicles significantly inhibited the efficiency of HR-directed DNA repair. The presence of IGF-I-induced HR pathway to alleviate hypoxia-induced DNA damage and apoptosis primarily through upregulating the expression of the RAD51 recombinase. Importantly, we identified a new transcriptional regulator of RAD51, namely E2F8, which mediates the protective effects of IGF-I on hypoxic GCs by facilitating the transcriptional activation of RAD51. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT pathway is crucial for IGF-I-induced E2F8 expression, resulting in increased RAD51 expression and enhanced HR activity, which mitigates hypoxia-induced DNA damage and thereby protects against GCs apoptosis. Together, these findings define a novel mechanism of IGF-I-mediated GCs protection by activating the HR repair through the PI3K/AKT/E2F8/RAD51 pathway under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chungang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Cordova LT, Dahodwala H, Cooley R, Lee KH. Prediction of CHO cell line stability using expression of DNA repair genes. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300425. [PMID: 37970758 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are essential to biopharmaceutical manufacturing and production instability, the loss of productivity over time, is a long-standing challenge in the industry. Accurate prediction of cell line stability could enable efficient screening to identify clones suitable for manufacturing saving significant time and costs. DNA repair genes may offer biomarkers to address this need. In this study, over 40 cell lines representing various host lineages from three companies/organizations were evaluated for expression of five DNA repair genes (Fam35a, Lig4, Palb2, Pari, and Xrcc6). Expression measured in cells with less than 30 population doubling levels (PDLs) was correlated to stability profiles at 60+ PDL. Principal component analysis identified markers which separate stable and unstable CHO-DG44 cell lines. Notably, two genes, Lig4 and Xrcc6, showed higher expression in unstable CHO-DG44 cell lines with copy number loss identified as the mechanism of production instability. Expression levels across all cell ages showed lower DNA repair gene expression was associated with increased cell age. Collectively, DNA repair genes provide critical insight into long-term behavior of CHO cells and their expression levels have potential to predict cell line stability in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Cordova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hussain Dahodwala
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rebecca Cooley
- Pfizer, Inc, 875 Chesterfield Pkwy W, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Vasilopoulos SN, Güner H, Uça Apaydın M, Pavlopoulou A, Georgakilas AG. Dual Targeting of DNA Damage Response Proteins Implicated in Cancer Radioresistance. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2227. [PMID: 38137049 PMCID: PMC10742610 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can induce different types of DNA lesions, leading to genomic instability and ultimately cell death. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, a major modality in cancer treatment, harnesses the genotoxic potential of radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. Nevertheless, cancer cells have the capacity to develop resistance to radiation treatment (radioresistance), which poses a major obstacle in the effective management of cancer. It has been shown that administration of platinum-based drugs to cancer patients can increase tumor radiosensitivity, but despite this, it is associated with severe adverse effects. Several lines of evidence support that activation of the DNA damage response and repair machinery in the irradiated cancer cells enhances radioresistance and cellular survival through the efficient repair of DNA lesions. Therefore, targeting of key DNA damage repair factors would render cancer cells vulnerable to the irradiation effects, increase cancer cell killing, and reduce the risk of side effects on healthy tissue. Herein, we have employed a computer-aided drug design approach for generating ab initio a chemical compound with drug-like properties potentially targeting two proteins implicated in multiple DNA repair pathways. The findings of this study could be taken into consideration in clinical decision-making in terms of co-administering radiation with DNA damage repair factor-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N. Vasilopoulos
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, 6 Gravias Street, 15342 Athens, Greece
| | - Hüseyin Güner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.G.); (M.U.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Abdullah Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve Uça Apaydın
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.G.); (M.U.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (H.G.); (M.U.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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Zhu J, Ye L, Sun S, Yuan J, Huang J, Zeng Z. Involvement of RFC3 in tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer through the cell cycle. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13738-13752. [PMID: 38059884 PMCID: PMC10756131 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the establishment of the molecular subtyping system, ER positive breast cancer was considered to be the most prevalent type of breast cancer, and endocrine therapy was a very important solution. However, numerous studies have shown that the cell cycle plays a key role in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. The present study showed that RFC3 was involved in the cell cycle through DNA replication. Furthermore, RFC3 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer-resistant cells than in parental cells, which correlated with the cell cycle. We confirmed these results by established drug-resistant cell lines for breast cancer, raw letter analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of primary and recurrent tissues from three ER+ breast cancers. In addition, analysis of the results through an online database revealed that RFC3 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. We also demonstrated that in ER positive breast cancer-resistant cells, knockdown of RFC3 blocked the S-phase of cells and significantly attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, RFC3 overexpression in ER positive breast cancer cells enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taking all these findings into account, we could conclude that RFC3 was involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer through the cell cycle. Thus, RFC3 may be a target to address endocrine therapy resistance in ER positive breast cancer and may be an independent prognostic factor in ER positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhu
- Department of Breast, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Zhou M, Boulos JC, Klauck SM, Efferth T. The cardiac glycoside ZINC253504760 induces parthanatos-type cell death and G2/M arrest via downregulation of MEK1/2 phosphorylation in leukemia cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2971-2997. [PMID: 37322258 PMCID: PMC10693532 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are efficient in the treatment of heart failure and recently emerged in a new role in the treatment of cancer. ZINC253504760, a synthetic cardenolide that is structurally similar to well-known GCs, digitoxin and digoxin, has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of ZINC253504760 on MDR cell lines and its molecular mode of action for cancer treatment. Four drug-resistant cell lines (P-glycoprotein-, ABCB5-, and EGFR-overexpressing cells, and TP53-knockout cells) did not show cross-resistance to ZINC253504760 except BCRP-overexpressing cells. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that cell death and survival as well as cell cycle (G2/M damage) were the top cellular functions affected by ZINC253504760 in CCRF-CEM cells, while CDK1 was linked with the downregulation of MEK and ERK. With flow cytometry, ZINC253504760 induced G2/M phase arrest. Interestingly, ZINC253504760 induced a novel state-of-the-art mode of cell death (parthanatos) through PARP and PAR overexpression as shown by western blotting, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation by immunofluorescence, DNA damage by comet assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse by flow cytometry. These results were ROS-independent. Furthermore, ZINC253504760 is an ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor evidenced by its interaction with the MEK phosphorylation site as shown by molecular docking in silico and binding to recombinant MEK by microscale thermophoresis in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to describe a cardenolide that induces parthanatos in leukemia cells, which may help to improve efforts to overcome drug resistance in cancer. A cardiac glycoside compound ZINC253504760 displayed cytotoxicity against different multidrug-resistant cell lines. ZINC253504760 exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by predominantly inducing a new mode of cell death (parthanatos). ZINC253504760 downregulated MEK1/2 phosphorylation and further affected ERK activation, which induced G2/M phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Disease (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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