1
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Wlodkowic D, Jansen M. High-throughput screening paradigms in ecotoxicity testing: Emerging prospects and ongoing challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135929. [PMID: 35944679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of new production chemicals coupled with stringent implementation of global chemical management programs necessities a paradigm shift towards boarder uses of low-cost and high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies as well as deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity that can be used in effective risk assessment. The latter will require automated acquisition of biological data, new capabilities for big data analysis as well as computational simulations capable of translating new data into in vivo relevance. However, very few efforts have been so far devoted into the development of automated bioanalytical systems in ecotoxicology. This is in stark contrast to standardized and high-throughput chemical screening and prioritization routines found in modern drug discovery pipelines. As a result, the high-throughput and high-content data acquisition in ecotoxicology is still in its infancy with limited examples focused on cell-free and cell-based assays. In this work we outline recent developments and emerging prospects of high-throughput bioanalytical approaches in ecotoxicology that reach beyond in vitro biotests. We discuss future importance of automated quantitative data acquisition for cell-free, cell-based as well as developments in phytotoxicity and in vivo biotests utilizing small aquatic model organisms. We also discuss recent innovations such as organs-on-a-chip technologies and existing challenges for emerging high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies. Lastly, we provide seminal examples of the small number of successful high-throughput implementations that have been employed in prioritization of chemicals and accelerated environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Marcus Jansen
- LemnaTec GmbH, Nerscheider Weg 170, 52076, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Xu Y, Zhang T, Li Z, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Chen H, Xu J. Photoelectrochemical Cytosensors. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Tian‐Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiang‐Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuan‐Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei‐Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong‐Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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3
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Heinritz C, Lamberger Z, Kocourková K, Minařík A, Humenik M. DNA Functionalized Spider Silk Nanohydrogels for Specific Cell Attachment and Patterning. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7626-7635. [PMID: 35521760 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleated protein self-assembly of an azido modified spider silk protein was employed in the preparation of nanofibrillar networks with hydrogel-like properties immobilized on coatings of the same protein. Formation of the networks in a mild aqueous environment resulted in thicknesses between 2 and 60 nm, which were controlled only by the protein concentration. Incorporated azido groups in the protein were used to "click" short nucleic acid sequences onto the nanofibrils, which were accessible to specific hybridization-based modifications, as proved by fluorescently labeled DNA complements. A lipid modifier was used for efficient incorporation of DNA into the membrane of nonadherent Jurkat cells. Based on the complementarity of the nucleic acids, highly specific DNA-assisted immobilization of the cells on the nanohydrogels with tunable cell densities was possible. Addressability of the DNA cell-to-surface anchor was demonstrated with a competitive oligonucleotide probe, resulting in a rapid release of 75-95% of cells. In addition, we developed a photolithography-based patterning of arbitrarily shaped microwells, which served to spatially define the formation of the nanohydrogels. After detaching the photoresist and PEG-blocking of the surface, DNA-assisted immobilization of the Jurkat cells on the nanohydrogel microstructures was achieved with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Heinritz
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zan Lamberger
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Karolína Kocourková
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Kumar R, Llewellyn S, Vasantham SK, Nie K, Sekula-Neuner S, Vijayaraghavan A, Hirtz M. Protein spot arrays on graphene oxide coatings for efficient single-cell capture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3895. [PMID: 35273174 PMCID: PMC8913813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical applications such as cell screening or cell-cell interaction studies require placement and adhesion of cells on surfaces with controlled numbers and location. In particular, single-cell arraying and positioning has come into focus as a basis of such applications. An ideal substrate would combine biocompatibility with favorable attributes such as pattern stability and easy processing. Here, we present a simple yet effective approach to single-cell arraying based on a graphene oxide (GO) surface carrying protein (fibronectin) microarrays to define cell adhesion points. These capture NIH-3T3 cells, resulting in cell arrays, which are benchmarked against analogous arrays on silanized glass samples. We reveal significant improvement in cell-capture performance by the GO coating with regards to overall cell adhesion and single-cell feature occupancy. This overall improvement of cell-arraying combined with retained transparency of substrate for microscopy and good biocompatibility makes this graphene-based approach attractive for single-cell experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Llewellyn
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S K Vasantham
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kaiwen Nie
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - A Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - M Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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5
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Lee KH, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Generation for Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:445. [PMID: 34821661 PMCID: PMC8615712 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) have been employed in biomedical fields owing to their advantage in designing a three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor model. For controlling multicellular cancer spheroids, mimicking the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is important to understand cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In drug cytotoxicity assessments, MCTs provide better mimicry of conventional solid tumors that can precisely represent anticancer drug candidates' effects. To generate incubate multicellular spheroids, researchers have developed several 3D multicellular spheroid culture technologies to establish a research background and a platform using tumor modelingvia advanced materials science, and biosensing techniques for drug-screening. In application, drug screening was performed in both invasive and non-invasive manners, according to their impact on the spheroids. Here, we review the trend of 3D spheroid culture technology and culture platforms, and their combination with various biosensing techniques for drug screening in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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6
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Fruncillo S, Su X, Liu H, Wong LS. Lithographic Processes for the Scalable Fabrication of Micro- and Nanostructures for Biochips and Biosensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2002-2024. [PMID: 33829765 PMCID: PMC8240091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, extensive research has been performed to address numerous challenges in biochip and biosensor fabrication in order to use them for various biomedical applications. These biochips and biosensor devices either integrate biological elements (e.g., DNA, proteins or cells) in the fabrication processes or experience post fabrication of biofunctionalization for different downstream applications, including sensing, diagnostics, drug screening, and therapy. Scalable lithographic techniques that are well established in the semiconductor industry are now being harnessed for large-scale production of such devices, with additional development to meet the demand of precise deposition of various biological elements on device substrates with retained biological activities and precisely specified topography. In this review, the lithographic methods that are capable of large-scale and mass fabrication of biochips and biosensors will be discussed. In particular, those allowing patterning of large areas from 10 cm2 to m2, maintaining cost effectiveness, high throughput (>100 cm2 h-1), high resolution (from micrometer down to nanometer scale), accuracy, and reproducibility. This review will compare various fabrication technologies and comment on their resolution limit and throughput, and how they can be related to the device performance, including sensitivity, detection limit, reproducibility, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fruncillo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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7
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Yang Y, Xu LP, Zhang X, Wang S. Bioinspired wettable-nonwettable micropatterns for emerging applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8101-8115. [PMID: 32785360 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces are prevalent in nature and have received tremendous attention due to their importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. With the high interdisciplinary research and great development of microfabrication techniques, artificial wettable-nonwettable micropatterns inspired by the water-collection behavior of desert beetles have been successfully fabricated. A combination of the two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface precisely, wettable-nonwettable micropatterns possess unique functionalities, such as controllable superwetting, anisotropic wetting, oriented adhesion, and other properties. In this review, we briefly describe the methods for fabricating wettable-nonwettable patterns, including self-assembly, electrodeposition, inkjet printing, and photolithography. We also highlight some of the emerging applications such as water collection, controllable bioadhesion, cell arrays, microreactors, printing techniques, and biosensors combined with various detection methods. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of this renascent and rapidly developing field are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. and School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Shi Y, Cai Y, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and applications for anti-cancer drug screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Hur W, Son SE, Seong GH. Electrochemical live cell patterning. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Living cell microarrays in microfluidic chips allow the non-invasive multiplexed molecular analysis of single cells. Here, we developed a simple and affordable perfusion microfluidic chip containing a living yeast cell array composed of a population of cell variants (green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Saccharomyces cerevisiae clones). We combined mechanical patterning in 102 microwells and robotic piezoelectric cell dispensing in the microwells to construct the cell arrays. Robotic yeast cell dispensing of a yeast collection from a multiwell plate to the microfluidic chip microwells was optimized. The developed microfluidic chip and procedure were validated by observing the growth of GFP-tagged yeast clones that are linked to the cell cycle by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy over a few generations. The developed microfluidic technology has the potential to be easily upscaled to a high-density cell array allowing us to perform dynamic proteomics and localizomics experiments.
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11
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Cheng JW, Sip CG, Lindstedt PR, Boitano R, Bluestein BM, Gamble LJ, Folch A. “Chip-on-a-Transwell” Devices for User-Friendly Control of the Microenvironment of Cultured Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4998-5011. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Christopher G. Sip
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Philip R. Lindstedt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Ross Boitano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Blake M. Bluestein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, United States
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12
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Shin HY, Lee SJ, Seo HW, Kim MY, Intisar A, Yea K, Cho SC, Lee YI, Kim YZ, Gurel O, van Noort D, Park SC, Kim MS. Cell Seeding Technology for Microarray-Based Quantitative Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14214-14219. [PMID: 31631648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pipetting techniques play a crucial role in obtaining reproducible and reliable results, especially when seeding cells on small target areas, such as on microarrays, biochips or microfabricated cell culture systems. For very rare cells, such as human primary skeletal muscle cells (skMCs), manual (freehand) cell seeding techniques invariably result in nonuniform cell spreading and heterogeneous cell densities, giving rise to undesirable variations in myogenesis and differentiation. To prevent such technique-dependent variation, we have designed and fabricated a simple, low-cost pipet guidance device (PGD), and holder that works with hand-held pipettes. This work validates the accuracy and reproducibility of the PGD platform and compares its effectiveness with manual and robotic seeding techniques. The PGD system ensures reproducibility of cell seeding, comparable to that of more expensive robotic dispensing systems, resulting in a high degree of cell uniformity and homogeneous cell densities, while also enabling cell community studies. As compared to freehand pipetting, PGD-assisted seeding of C2C12 mouse myoblasts showed 5.3 times more myotube formation and likewise myotubes derived from PGD-seeded human primary skMCs were 3.6 times thicker and 2.2 times longer. These results show that this novel, yet simple PGD-assisted pipetting technique provides precise cell seeding on small targets, ensuring reproducible and reliable high-throughput cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neurooncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Changwon , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Danny van Noort
- Division of Biotechnology, IFM , Linköping University , Linköping 58183 , Sweden
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13
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Lu D, Xu Q, Pang G. A bombykol electrochemical receptor sensor and its kinetics. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:263-273. [PMID: 31051432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the interaction between bombykol and BmOR1 and also provide a paradigm for agroforestry pest control. The electrochemical biosensor signal amplification system was used: nanogold with horseradish peroxidase. An electrochemical bilayer nanogold membrane receptor sensor was developed using the following schemes and processes: twice self-assembly of nanogold and succeeding absorption of Bombyx mori olfactory receptor 1 (BmOR1); sex pheromone-binding protein; spectral scanning and transmission electron microscope to characterize nanogold sol; and atomic force microscope, cyclic voltammetry, and AC impedance methods to characterize individual processes of sensor assembly. The amperometric I-T curve was adopted to measure the response current upon interaction with different concentrations of bombykol (diluted in phosphate-buffered saline) and BmOR1. The results demonstrated the receptor-ligand interaction pattern, which was similar to enzymatic reaction kinetics, with the activation constant Ka of up to 8.57 × 10-20 mol/L and signal magnification of about 10,000-fold. In this study, the simulation of intracellular receptor signaling cascade by an electrochemical signal amplification system helped in directly measuring BmOR1-bombykol ligand interaction and exploring the kinetics after the self-assembly of BmOR1 on the biosensor. It provided a novel platform for future studies on receptor-ligand interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqiang Lu
- College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Qiuda Xu
- College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Guangchang Pang
- College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
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14
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Piya R, Zhu Y, Soeriyadi AH, Silva SM, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Micropatterning of porous silicon Bragg reflectors with poly(ethylene glycol) to fabricate cell microarrays: Towards single cell sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Dynamic inking of large-scale stamps for multiplexed microcontact printing and fabrication of cell microarrays. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202531. [PMID: 30138342 PMCID: PMC6107178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcontact printing has become a versatile soft lithography technique used to produce molecular micro- and nano-patterns consisting of a large range of different biomolecules. Despite intensive research over the last decade and numerous applications in the fields of biosensors, microarrays and biomedical applications, the large-scale implementation of microcontact printing is still an issue. It is hindered by the stamp-inking step that is critical to ensure a reproducible and uniform transfer of inked molecules over large areas. This is particularly important when addressing application such as cell microarray manufacturing, which are currently used for a wide range of analytical and pharmaceutical applications. In this paper, we present a large-scale and multiplexed microcontact printing process of extracellular matrix proteins for the fabrication of cell microarrays. We have developed a microfluidic inking approach combined with a magnetic clamping technology that can be adapted to most standard substrates used in biology. We have demonstrated a significant improvement of homogeneity of printed protein patterns on surfaces larger than 1 cm2 through the control of both the flow rate and the wetting mechanism of the stamp surface during microfluidic inking. Thanks to the reproducibility and integration capabilities provided by microfluidics, we have achieved the printing of three different adhesion proteins in one-step transfer. Selective cell adhesion and cell shape adaptation on the produced patterns were observed, showing the suitability of this approach for producing on-demand large-scale cell microarrays.
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16
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17
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Campana O, Wlodkowic D. Ecotoxicology Goes on a Chip: Embracing Miniaturized Bioanalysis in Aquatic Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:932-946. [PMID: 29284083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological and environmental sciences are, more than ever, becoming highly dependent on technological and multidisciplinary approaches that warrant advanced analytical capabilities. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies are perhaps one the most groundbreaking offshoots of bioengineering, enabling design of an entirely new generation of bioanalytical instrumentation. They represent a unique approach to combine microscale engineering and physics with specific biological questions, providing technological advances that allow for fundamentally new capabilities in the spatiotemporal analysis of molecules, cells, tissues, and even small metazoan organisms. While these miniaturized analytical technologies experience an explosive growth worldwide, with a substantial promise of a direct impact on biosciences, it seems that lab-on-a-chip systems have so far escaped the attention of aquatic ecotoxicologists. In this Critical Review, potential applications of the currently existing and emerging chip-based technologies for aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality monitoring are highlighted. We also offer suggestions on how aquatic ecotoxicology can benefit from adoption of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for accelerated bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campana
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC , Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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18
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Pompano RR, Chiang AH, Kastrup CJ, Ismagilov RF. Conceptual and Experimental Tools to Understand Spatial Effects and Transport Phenomena in Nonlinear Biochemical Networks Illustrated with Patchy Switching. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:333-356. [PMID: 28654324 PMCID: PMC10852032 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many biochemical systems are spatially heterogeneous and exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as state switching in response to small changes in the local concentration of diffusible molecules. Systems as varied as blood clotting, intracellular calcium signaling, and tissue inflammation are all heavily influenced by the balance of rates of reaction and mass transport phenomena including flow and diffusion. Transport of signaling molecules is also affected by geometry and chemoselective confinement via matrix binding. In this review, we use a phenomenon referred to as patchy switching to illustrate the interplay of nonlinearities, transport phenomena, and spatial effects. Patchy switching describes a change in the state of a network when the local concentration of a diffusible molecule surpasses a critical threshold. Using patchy switching as an example, we describe conceptual tools from nonlinear dynamics and chemical engineering that make testable predictions and provide a unifying description of the myriad possible experimental observations. We describe experimental microfluidic and biochemical tools emerging to test conceptual predictions by controlling transport phenomena and spatial distribution of diffusible signals, and we highlight the unmet need for in vivo tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904;
| | - Andrew H Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637;
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Rustem F Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;
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19
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Hong HJ, Koom WS, Koh WG. Cell Microarray Technologies for High-Throughput Cell-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1293. [PMID: 28587242 PMCID: PMC5492771 DOI: 10.3390/s17061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the recent demand for high-throughput cellular assays, a lot of efforts have been made on miniaturization of cell-based biosensors by preparing cell microarrays. Various microfabrication technologies have been used to generate cell microarrays, where cells of different phenotypes are immobilized either on a flat substrate (positional array) or on particles (solution or suspension array) to achieve multiplexed and high-throughput cell-based biosensing. After introducing the fabrication methods for preparation of the positional and suspension cell microarrays, this review discusses the applications of the cell microarray including toxicology, drug discovery and detection of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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20
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Li Q, Schissler AG, Gardeux V, Achour I, Kenost C, Berghout J, Li H, Zhang HH, Lussier YA. N-of-1-pathways MixEnrich: advancing precision medicine via single-subject analysis in discovering dynamic changes of transcriptomes. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:27. [PMID: 28589853 PMCID: PMC5461551 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome analytic tools are commonly used across patient cohorts to develop drugs and predict clinical outcomes. However, as precision medicine pursues more accurate and individualized treatment decisions, these methods are not designed to address single-patient transcriptome analyses. We previously developed and validated the N-of-1-pathways framework using two methods, Wilcoxon and Mahalanobis Distance (MD), for personal transcriptome analysis derived from a pair of samples of a single patient. Although, both methods uncover concordantly dysregulated pathways, they are not designed to detect dysregulated pathways with up- and down-regulated genes (bidirectional dysregulation) that are ubiquitous in biological systems. Results We developed N-of-1-pathways MixEnrich, a mixture model followed by a gene set enrichment test, to uncover bidirectional and concordantly dysregulated pathways one patient at a time. We assess its accuracy in a comprehensive simulation study and in a RNA-Seq data analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). In presence of bidirectionally dysregulated genes in the pathway or in presence of high background noise, MixEnrich substantially outperforms previous single-subject transcriptome analysis methods, both in the simulation study and the HNSCCs data analysis (ROC Curves; higher true positive rates; lower false positive rates). Bidirectional and concordant dysregulated pathways uncovered by MixEnrich in each patient largely overlapped with the quasi-gold standard compared to other single-subject and cohort-based transcriptome analyses. Conclusion The greater performance of MixEnrich presents an advantage over previous methods to meet the promise of providing accurate personal transcriptome analysis to support precision medicine at point of care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-017-0263-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qike Li
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - A Grant Schissler
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ikbel Achour
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Colleen Kenost
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Haiquan Li
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Hao Helen Zhang
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Yves A Lussier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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21
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Zhang H, Oellers T, Feng W, Abdulazim T, Saw EN, Ludwig A, Levkin PA, Plumeré N. High-Density Droplet Microarray of Individually Addressable Electrochemical Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5832-5839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Center
for Electrochemical Sciences—CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Oellers
- Chair
of MEMS Materials, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenqian Feng
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tarik Abdulazim
- Center
for Electrochemical Sciences—CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - En Ning Saw
- Center
for Electrochemical Sciences—CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair
of MEMS Materials, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolas Plumeré
- Center
for Electrochemical Sciences—CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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22
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Chaudhuri PK, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Jing T, Kenry, Lim CT. Microfluidics for research and applications in oncology. Analyst 2017; 141:504-24. [PMID: 26010996 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently one of the top non-communicable human diseases, and continual research and developmental efforts are being made to better understand and manage this disease. More recently, with the improved understanding in cancer biology as well as the advancements made in microtechnology and rapid prototyping, microfluidics is increasingly being explored and even validated for use in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. With inherent advantages such as small sample volume, high sensitivity and fast processing time, microfluidics is well-positioned to serve as a promising platform for applications in oncology. In this review, we look at the recent advances in the use of microfluidics, from basic research such as understanding cancer cell phenotypes as well as metastatic behaviors to applications such as the detection, diagnosis, prognosis and drug screening. We then conclude with a future outlook on this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602 and School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Tengyang Jing
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602 and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575.
| | - Kenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411 and BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602
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23
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Fujita S, Onuki-Nagasaki R, Ikuta K, Hara Y. A simple method for producing multiple copies of controlled release small molecule microarrays for cell-based screening. Biofabrication 2016; 9:011001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/9/1/011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Nierode GJ, Perea BC, McFarland SK, Pascoal JF, Clark DS, Schaffer DV, Dordick JS. High-Throughput Toxicity and Phenotypic Screening of 3D Human Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures on a Microarray Chip Platform. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:970-982. [PMID: 28157485 PMCID: PMC5106528 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3D cell culture chip was used for high-throughput screening of a human neural progenitor cell line. The differential toxicity of 24 compounds was determined on undifferentiated and differentiating NPCs. Five compounds led to significant differences in IC50 values between undifferentiated and differentiating cultures. This platform has potential use in phenotypic screening to elucidate molecular toxicology on human stem cells. Demonstrated chip platform for HTS of protein expression and toxicity of 3D cultures Dose-response viability and proliferation of a 24-compound library on human NPC lines Assessed differential toxicity between progenitors and differentiating progeny Identified five compounds more toxic to undifferentiated progenitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Nierode
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian C Perea
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sean K McFarland
- Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jorge F Pascoal
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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25
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26
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Ueda E, Feng W, Levkin PA. Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Patterned Surfaces as High-Density Cell Microarrays: Optimization of Reverse Transfection. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2646-2654. [PMID: 27568500 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density microarrays can screen thousands of genetic and chemical probes at once in a miniaturized and parallelized manner, and thus are a cost-effective alternative to microwell plates. Here, high-density cell microarrays are fabricated by creating superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic micropatterns in thin, nanoporous polymer substrates such that the superhydrophobic barriers confine both aqueous solutions and adherent cells within each superhydrophilic microspot. The superhydrophobic barriers confine and prevent the mixing of larger droplet volumes, and also control the spreading of droplets independent of the volume, minimizing the variability that arises due to different liquid and surface properties. Using a novel liposomal transfection reagent, ScreenFect A, the method of reverse cell transfection is optimized on the patterned substrates and several factors that affect transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity are identified. Higher levels of transfection are achieved on HOOC- versus NH2 -functionalized superhydrophilic spots, as well as when gelatin and fibronectin are added to the transfection mixture, while minimizing the amount of transfection reagent improves cell viability. Almost no diffusion of the printed transfection mixtures to the neighboring microspots is detected. Thus, superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned surfaces can be used as cell microarrays and for optimizing reverse cell transfection conditions before performing further cell screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ueda
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wenqian Feng
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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27
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Jonczyk R, Kurth T, Lavrentieva A, Walter JG, Scheper T, Stahl F. Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts. MICROARRAYS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:E11. [PMID: 27600077 PMCID: PMC5003487 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cell microarrays are a highly efficient cellular screening system. Due to the low number of cells required per spot, cell microarrays enable the use of primary and stem cells and provide resolution close to the single-cell level. Apart from a variety of conventional static designs, microfluidic microarray systems have also been established. An alternative format is a microarray consisting of three-dimensional cell constructs ranging from cell spheroids to cells encapsulated in hydrogel. These systems provide an in vivo-like microenvironment and are preferably used for the investigation of cellular physiology, cytotoxicity, and drug screening. Thus, many different high-tech microarray platforms are currently available. Disadvantages of many systems include their high cost, the requirement of specialized equipment for their manufacture, and the poor comparability of results between different platforms. In this article, we provide an overview of static, microfluidic, and 3D cell microarrays. In addition, we describe a simple method for the printing of living cell microarrays on modified microscope glass slides using standard DNA microarray equipment available in most laboratories. Applications in research and diagnostics are discussed, e.g., the selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers. Finally, we highlight current limitations and the future prospects of living cell microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jonczyk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Tracy Kurth
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
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28
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Martinez V, Forró C, Weydert S, Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Guillaume-Gentil O, Zambelli T, Vörös J, Demkó L. Controlled single-cell deposition and patterning by highly flexible hollow cantilevers. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1663-1674. [PMID: 27046017 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell patterning represents a key approach to decouple and better understand the role and mechanisms of individual cells of a given population. In particular, the bottom-up approach of engineering neuronal circuits with a controlled topology holds immense promises to perceive the relationships between connectivity and function. In order to accommodate these efforts, highly flexible SU-8 cantilevers with integrated microchannels have been fabricated for both additive and subtractive patterning. By directly squeezing out single cells onto adhesive surfaces, controlled deposition with a spatial accuracy of 5 μm could be achieved, while subtractive patterning has been realized by selective removal of targeted single cells. Complex cell patterns were created on substrates pre-patterned with cell-adhesive and repulsive areas, preserving the original pattern geometry for long-term studies. For example, a circular loop with a diameter of 530 μm has been realized using primary hippocampal neurons, which were fully connected to their respective neighbors along the loop. Using the same cantilevers, the versatility of the technique has also been demonstrated via in situ modification of already mature neuronal cultures by both detaching individual cells of the population and adding fresh ones, incorporating them into the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martinez
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Accogli G, Desantis S, Martino NA, Dell'Aquila ME, Gemeiner P, Katrlík J. A lectin-based cell microarray approach to analyze the mammalian granulosa cell surface glycosylation profile. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:717-24. [PMID: 27085877 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The high complexity of glycome, the repertoire of glycans expressed in a cell or in an organism, is difficult to analyze and the use of new technologies has accelerated the progress of glycomics analysis. In the last decade, the microarray approaches, and in particular glycan and lectin microarrays, have provided new insights into evaluation of cell glycosylation status. Here we present a cell microarray method based on cell printing on microarray slides for the analysis of the glycosylation pattern of the cell glycocalyx. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the developed method, the glycome profiles of equine native uncultured mural granulosa cells (uGCs) and in vitro cultured mural granulosa cells (cGCs) were determined and compared. The method consists in the isolation of GCs, cell printing into arrays on microarray slide, incubation with a panel of biotinylated lectins, reaction with fluorescent streptavidin and signal intensity detection by a microarray scanner. Cell microarray technology revealed that glycocalyx of both uGCs and cGCs contains N-glycans, sialic acid terminating glycans, N-acetylglucosamine and O-glycans. The comparison of uGCs and cGCs glycan signals indicated an increase in the expression of sialic acids, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-glycans in cGCs. Glycan profiles determined by cell microarray agreed with those revealed by lectin histochemistry. The described cell microarray method represents a simple and sensitive procedure to analyze cell surface glycome in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Accogli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Martino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics (DBBB), University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.,Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Dell'Aquila
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics (DBBB), University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Peter Gemeiner
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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30
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Liu H, Usprech J, Sun Y, Simmons CA. A microfabricated platform with hydrogel arrays for 3D mechanical stimulation of cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:113-124. [PMID: 26646540 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular microenvironments present cells with multiple stimuli, including not only soluble biochemical and insoluble matrix cues but also mechanical factors. Biomaterial array platforms have been used to combinatorially and efficiently probe and define two-dimensional (2D) and 3D microenvironmental cues to guide cell functions for tissue engineering applications. However, there are few examples of array platforms that include dynamic mechanical forces, particularly to enable stretching of 3D cell-seeded biomaterials, which is relevant to engineering connective and cardiovascular tissues. Here we present a deformable membrane platform that enables 3D dynamic mechanical stretch of arrayed biomaterial constructs. Cell-seeded polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEG-NB) hydrogels were bound to miniaturized deformable membranes via a thiol-ene reaction with off-stoichiometry thiol-ene based polydimethylsiloxane (OSTE-PDMS) as the membrane material. Bonding to OSTE-PDMS enabled the 3D hydrogel microconstructs to be cyclically deformed and stretched by the membrane. As a first demonstration, human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) embedded in PEG-NB were stretched for several days. They were found to be viable, spread in the 3D hydrogels, and exhibited a contractile myofibroblast phenotype when exposed to dynamic 3D mechanical deformation. This platform, which is readily scalable to larger arrays, enables systematic interrogation of the relationships between combinations of 3D mechanobiological cues and cellular responses, and thus has the potential to identify strategies to predictably control the construction of functional engineered tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Current high-throughput biomaterial screening approaches fail to consider the effects of dynamic mechanical stimulation, despite its importance in a wide variety of regenerative medicine applications. To meet this need, we developed a deformable membrane platform that enables 3D dynamic stretch of arrayed biomaterial constructs. Our approach combines microtechnologies fabricated with off-stoichiometry thiol-ene based polydimethylsiloxane membranes that can covalently bond cell-seeded polyethylene glycol norbornene 3D hydrogels, a model biomaterial with tunable adhesive, elastic and degradation characteristics. As a first demonstration, we show that human mesenchymal stromal cells embedded in hydrogels and subjected to dynamic mechanical stimulation undergo myofibroblast differentiation. This system is readily scaled up to larger arrays, and will enable systematic and efficient screening of combinations of 3D mechanobiological and biomaterial cues on cell fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jenna Usprech
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada.
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31
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Cheng JW, Chang TC, Bhattacharjee N, Folch A. An open-chamber flow-focusing device for focal stimulation of micropatterned cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024122. [PMID: 27158290 PMCID: PMC4833748 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can deliver soluble factors to cell and tissue culture microenvironments with precise spatiotemporal control. However, enclosed microfluidic environments often have drawbacks such as the need for continuous culture medium perfusion which limits the duration of experiments, incongruity between microculture and macroculture, difficulty in introducing cells and tissues, and high shear stress on cells. Here, we present an open-chamber microfluidic device that delivers hydrodynamically focused streams of soluble reagents to cells over long time periods (i.e., several hours). We demonstrate the advantage of the open chamber by using conventional cell culture techniques to induce the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, a process that occurs in 7-10 days and is difficult to achieve in closed chamber microfluidic devices. By controlling the flow rates and altering the device geometry, we produced sharp focal streams with widths ranging from 36 μm to 187 μm. The focal streams were reproducible (∼12% variation between units) and stable (∼20% increase in stream width over 10 h of operation). Furthermore, we integrated trenches for micropatterning myoblasts and microtraps for confining single primary myofibers into the device. We demonstrate with finite element method (FEM) simulations that shear stresses within the cell trench are well below values known to be deleterious to cells, while local concentrations are maintained at ∼22% of the input concentration. Finally, we demonstrated focused delivery of cytoplasmic and nuclear dyes to micropatterned myoblasts and myofibers. The open-chamber microfluidic flow-focusing concept combined with micropatterning may be generalized to other microfluidic applications that require stringent long-term cell culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Tim C Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Nirveek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Torras N, Agusil JP, Vázquez P, Duch M, Hernández-Pinto AM, Samitier J, de la Rosa EJ, Esteve J, Suárez T, Pérez-García L, Plaza JA. Suspended Planar-Array Chips for Molecular Multiplexing at the Microscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1449-1454. [PMID: 26649987 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel suspended planar-array chips technology is described, which effectively allows molecular multiplexing using a single suspended chip to analyze extraordinarily small volumes. The suspended chips are fabricated by combining silicon-based technology and polymer-pen lithography, obtaining increased molecular pattern flexibility, and improving miniaturization and parallel production. The chip miniaturization is so dramatic that it permits the intracellular analysis of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torras
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Agusil
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C/Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Enrique J de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jaume Esteve
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Teresa Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - José A Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Kumar R, Weigel S, Meyer R, Niemeyer CM, Fuchs H, Hirtz M. Multi-color polymer pen lithography for oligonucleotide arrays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12310-12313. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-color patterning by polymer pen lithography (PPL) was used to fabricate covalently immobilized fluorophore and oligonucleotide arrays with up to five different components. These can easily be translated for presentation of multiple protein types to a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Physical Institute & Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech)
| | - S. Weigel
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-1)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - R. Meyer
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-1)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - C. M. Niemeyer
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-1)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - H. Fuchs
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Physical Institute & Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech)
| | - M. Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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Development of living cell microarrays using non-contact micropipette printing. J Biotechnol 2015; 217:109-11. [PMID: 26603124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the last 30 years cellular screening systems were unidirectional developed towards high throughput applications on single cell level. We developed living cell microarrays, which provide an in vivo-like microenvironment for an advanced method to measure cellular response to external stimuli. To print living cells on glass slides, the classic microarray equipment, which involves printer and scanner, was fully transferred to suspensions of living cells. The microarray production was optimized using a contact-free spotting procedure in order to enhanced cell adhesion and growth rates. The printed model cells, A-549 (lung cancer cell line), were analyzed with conventional cell staining assays like DAPI (cell nuclei staining), calcein acetoxymethyl ester (viable cell staining), and CellTiter-Blue(®) Cell Viability Assay. After optimization, a reproducible (spot-to-spot variation: ± 8.6 cells) printing method for small living cell amounts (1200 cells and fewer) was established that achieved cell viabilities of up to 88% for ≥ 0.6 μL and good proliferation characteristics. Hence, this method could be advantageous for use in biomedical and diagnostic applications.
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Co-fabrication of chitosan and epoxy photoresist to form microwell arrays with permeable hydrogel bottoms. Biomaterials 2015; 74:77-88. [PMID: 26447557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microfabrication technology offers the potential to create biological platforms with customizable patterns and surface chemistries, allowing precise control over the biochemical microenvironment to which a cell or group of cells is exposed. However, most microfabricated platforms grow cells on impermeable surfaces. This report describes the co-fabrication of a micropatterned epoxy photoresist film with a chitosan film to create a freestanding array of permeable, hydrogel-bottomed microwells. These films possess optical properties ideal for microscopy applications, and the chitosan layers are semi-permeable with a molecular exclusion of 9.9 ± 2.1 kDa. By seeding cells into the microwells, overlaying inert mineral oil, and supplying media via the bottom surface, this hybrid film permits cells to be physically isolated from one another but maintained in culture for at least 4 days. Arrays co-fabricated using these materials reduce both large-molecular-weight biochemical crosstalk between cells and mixing of different clonal populations, and will enable high-throughput studies of cellular heterogeneity with increased ability to customize dynamic interrogations compared to materials in currently available technologies.
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Wegener J. Cell-Based Microarrays for In Vitro Toxicology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:335-358. [PMID: 26077916 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA/RNA and protein microarrays have proven their outstanding bioanalytical performance throughout the past decades, given the unprecedented level of parallelization by which molecular recognition assays can be performed and analyzed. Cell microarrays (CMAs) make use of similar construction principles. They are applied to profile a given cell population with respect to the expression of specific molecular markers and also to measure functional cell responses to drugs and chemicals. This review focuses on the use of cell-based microarrays for assessing the cytotoxicity of drugs, toxins, or chemicals in general. It also summarizes CMA construction principles with respect to the cell types that are used for such microarrays, the readout parameters to assess toxicity, and the various formats that have been established and applied. The review ends with a critical comparison of CMAs and well-established microtiter plate (MTP) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Wegener
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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38
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Usta OB, McCarty WJ, Bale S, Hegde M, Jindal R, Bhushan A, Golberg I, Yarmush ML. Microengineered cell and tissue systems for drug screening and toxicology applications: Evolution of in-vitro liver technologies. TECHNOLOGY 2015; 3:1-26. [PMID: 26167518 PMCID: PMC4494128 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547815300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver performs many key functions, the most prominent of which is serving as the metabolic hub of the body. For this reason, the liver is the focal point of many investigations aimed at understanding an organism's toxicological response to endogenous and exogenous challenges. Because so many drug failures have involved direct liver toxicity or other organ toxicity from liver generated metabolites, the pharmaceutical industry has constantly sought superior, predictive in-vitro models that can more quickly and efficiently identify problematic drug candidates before they incur major development costs, and certainly before they are released to the public. In this broad review, we present a survey and critical comparison of in-vitro liver technologies along a broad spectrum, but focus on the current renewed push to develop "organs-on-a-chip". One prominent set of conclusions from this review is that while a large body of recent work has steered the field towards an ever more comprehensive understanding of what is needed, the field remains in great need of several key advances, including establishment of standard characterization methods, enhanced technologies that mimic the in-vivo cellular environment, and better computational approaches to bridge the gap between the in-vitro and in-vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - W J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - S Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Hegde
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - R Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A Bhushan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - I Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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39
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Zhou H, Zhao L, Zhang X. In-Channel Printing-Device Opening Assay for Micropatterning Multiple Cells and Gene Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2048-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504823s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Research Center for Bioengineering
and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Research Center for Bioengineering
and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering
and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 10083, P. R. China
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40
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Pajoum Shariati SR, Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation and Bioprinting. BIOPRINTING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21386-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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High resolution scanning electron microscopy of cells using dielectrophoresis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104109. [PMID: 25089528 PMCID: PMC4121316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of cells can reveal valuable information about their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to provide high-resolution images from the surface of biological samples. However, samples need to be dehydrated and coated with conductive materials for SEM imaging. Besides, immobilizing non-adherent cells during processing and analysis is challenging and requires complex fixation protocols. In this work, we developed a novel dielectrophoresis based microfluidic platform for interfacing non-adherent cells with high-resolution SEM at low vacuum mode. The system enables rapid immobilization and dehydration of samples without deposition of chemical residues over the cell surface. Moreover, it enables the on-chip chemical stimulation and fixation of immobilized cells with minimum dislodgement. These advantages were demonstrated for comparing the morphological changes of non-budding and budding yeast cells following Lyticase treatment.
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42
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Arrabito G, Schroeder H, Schröder K, Filips C, Marggraf U, Dopp C, Venkatachalapathy M, Dehmelt L, Bastiaens PIH, Neyer A, Niemeyer CM. Configurable low-cost plotter device for fabrication of multi-color sub-cellular scale microarrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2870-2876. [PMID: 24678019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The construction and operation of a low-cost plotter for fabrication of microarrays for multiplexed single-cell analyses is reported. The printing head consists of polymeric pyramidal pens mounted on a rotation stage installed on an aluminium frame. This construction enables printing of microarrays onto glass substrates mounted on a tilt stage, controlled by a Lab-View operated user interface. The plotter can be assembled by typical academic workshops from components of less than 15,000 Euro. The functionality of the instrument is demonstrated by printing DNA microarrays on the area of 0.5 cm2 using up to three different oligonucleotides. Typical feature sizes are 5 μm diameter with a pitch of 15 μm, leading to densities of up to 10(4)-10(5) spots/mm2. The fabricated DNA microarrays are used to produce sub-cellular scale arrays of bioactive epidermal growth factor peptides by means of DNA-directed immobilization. The suitability of these biochips for cell biological studies is demonstrated by specific recruitment, concentration, and activation of EGF receptors within the plasma membrane of adherent living cells. This work illustrates that the presented plotter gives access to bio-functionalized arrays usable for fundamental research in cell biology, such as the manipulation of signal pathways in living cells at subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arrabito
- TU Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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43
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Protein Microarrays with Novel Microfluidic Methods: Current Advances. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:180-202. [PMID: 27600343 PMCID: PMC4996363 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based micromosaic technology has allowed the pattering of recognition elements in restricted micrometer scale areas with high precision. This controlled patterning enabled the development of highly multiplexed arrays multiple analyte detection. This arraying technology was first introduced in the beginning of 2001 and holds tremendous potential to revolutionize microarray development and analyte detection. Later, several microfluidic methods were developed for microarray application. In this review we discuss these novel methods and approaches which leverage the property of microfluidic technologies to significantly improve various physical aspects of microarray technology, such as enhanced imprinting homogeneity, stability of the immobilized biomolecules, decreasing assay times, and reduction of the costs and of the bulky instrumentation.
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44
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Forsberg EM, Sicard C, Brennan JD. Solid-phase biological assays for drug discovery. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:337-359. [PMID: 25000820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past 30 years, there has been a significant growth in the use of solid-phase assays in the area of drug discovery, with a range of new assays being used for both soluble and membrane-bound targets. In this review, we provide some basic background to typical drug targets and immobilization protocols used in solid-phase biological assays (SPBAs) for drug discovery, with emphasis on particularly labile biomolecular targets such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors, and highlight some of the more recent approaches for producing protein microarrays, bioaffinity columns, and other devices that are central to small molecule screening by SPBA. We then discuss key applications of such assays to identify drug leads, with an emphasis on the screening of mixtures. We conclude by highlighting specific advantages and potential disadvantages of SPBAs, particularly as they relate to particular assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada;
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45
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Röttgermann PJF, Alberola AP, Rädler JO. Cellular self-organization on micro-structured surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2397-2404. [PMID: 24623049 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-patterned surfaces are frequently used in high-throughput single-cell studies, as they allow one to image isolated cells in defined geometries. Commonly, cells are seeded in excess onto the entire chip, and non-adherent cells are removed from the unpatterned sectors by rinsing. Here, we report on the phenomenon of cellular self-organization, which allows for autonomous positioning of cells on micro-patterned surfaces over time. We prepared substrates with a regular lattice of protein-coated adhesion sites surrounded by PLL-g-PEG passivated areas, and studied the time course of cell ordering. After seeding, cells randomly migrate over the passivated surface until they find and permanently attach to adhesion sites. Efficient cellular self-organization was observed for three commonly used cell lines (HuH7, A549, and MDA-MB-436), with occupancy levels typically reaching 40-60% after 3-5 h. The time required for sorting was found to increase with increasing distance between adhesion sites, and is well described by the time-to-capture in a random-search model. Our approach thus paves the way for automated filling of cell arrays, enabling high-throughput single-cell analysis of cell samples without losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J F Röttgermann
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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46
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Bruinsma BG, Yarmush ML, Uygun K. Organomatics and organometrics: Novel platforms for long-term whole-organ culture. TECHNOLOGY 2014; 2:13. [PMID: 25035864 PMCID: PMC4097862 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547814300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organ culture systems are instrumental as experimental whole-organ models of physiology and disease, as well as preservation modalities facilitating organ replacement therapies such as transplantation. Nevertheless, a coordinated system of machine perfusion components and integrated regulatory control has yet to be fully developed to achieve long-term maintenance of organ function ex vivo. Here we outline current strategies for organ culture, or organomatics, and how these systems can be regulated by means of computational algorithms, or organometrics, to achieve the organ culture platforms anticipated in modern-day biomedicine.
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Abstract
A unique live-cell printing technique, termed "Block-Cell-Printing" (BloC-Printing), allows for convenient, precise, multiplexed, and high-throughput printing of functional single-cell arrays. Adapted from woodblock printing techniques, the approach employs microfluidic arrays of hook-shaped traps to hold cells at designated positions and directly transfer the anchored cells onto various substrates. BloC-Printing has a minimum turnaround time of 0.5 h, a maximum resolution of 5 µm, close to 100% cell viability, the ability to handle multiple cell types, and efficiently construct protrusion-connected single-cell arrays. The approach enables the large-scale formation of heterotypic cell pairs with controlled morphology and allows for material transport through gap junction intercellular communication. When six types of breast cancer cells are allowed to extend membrane protrusions in the BloC-Printing device for 3 h, multiple biophysical characteristics of cells--including the protrusion percentage, extension rate, and cell length--are easily quantified and found to correlate well with their migration levels. In light of this discovery, BloC-Printing may serve as a rapid and high-throughput cell protrusion characterization tool to measure the invasion and migration capability of cancer cells. Furthermore, primary neurons are also compatible with BloC-Printing.
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48
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Zhou Q, Kwa T, Gao Y, Liu Y, Rahimian A, Revzin A. On-chip regeneration of aptasensors for monitoring cell secretion. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:276-9. [PMID: 24287497 PMCID: PMC4386865 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of reconfigurable microfluidics for on-chip regeneration of aptasensors used for continuous monitoring of cell-secreted products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Room 2619, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA.
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49
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Wlodkowic D, Cooper JM. Microfluidic cell arrays in tumor analysis: new prospects for integrated cytomics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:521-30. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Soeriyadi AH, Gupta B, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Optimising the enzyme response of a porous silicon photonic crystal via the modular design of enzyme sensitive polymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01638b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of a versatile and tuneable polymer–peptide network into the pores of porous silicon photonic crystals improves the selectivity of porous silicon optical biosensors to detect certain types of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H. Soeriyadi
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre of NanoMedicine
- University of New South Wales
| | - Bakul Gupta
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre of NanoMedicine
- University of New South Wales
| | - Peter J. Reece
- School of Physics
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre of NanoMedicine
- University of New South Wales
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