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Scott KL, Halfmann CT, Hoefakker AD, Purkayastha P, Wang TC, Lele TP, Roux KJ. Nucleocytoplasmic transport rates are regulated by cellular processes that modulate GTP availability. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308152. [PMID: 38683248 PMCID: PMC11059771 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT), the facilitated diffusion of cargo molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), enables numerous fundamental eukaryotic cellular processes. Ran GTPase uses cellular energy in the direct form of GTP to create a gradient across the nuclear envelope (NE) that drives the majority of NCT. We report here that changes in GTP availability resulting from altered cellular physiology modulate the rate of NCT, as monitored using synthetic and natural cargo, and the dynamics of Ran itself. Cell migration, cell spreading, and/or modulation of the cytoskeleton or its connection to the nucleus alter GTP availability and thus rates of NCT, regulating RNA export and protein synthesis. These findings support a model in which changes in cellular physiology that alter GTP availability can regulate the rate of NCT, impacting fundamental cellular processes that extensively utilize NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Scott
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Allison D. Hoefakker
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ting Ching Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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2
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Lu Q, Sasaki S, Sera T, Kudo S. Spatiotemporal distribution of PTEN before directed cell migration in monolayers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00927-x. [PMID: 38926230 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular distribution of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is closely related to directed cell migration. In single cells, PTEN accumulates at the rear of the cell before and during directed migration; however, the spatiotemporal distribution of PTEN in confluent cell monolayers, particularly before directed migration, remains unclear. In this study, we wounded a cell in confluent fetal rat skin keratinocytes (FRSKs) and examined the dynamics of PTEN in the cells adjacent to the wounded cell. In contrast to single-cell migration, we found that PTEN translocated to the nucleus before the beginning of directed migration. This nuclear translocation of PTEN did not occur in disconnected cells, and it was also suppressed by importin-β inhibitor and actin inhibitor. When the nuclear localization of PTEN was inhibited by an importin-β inhibitor, cell elongation in the direction of migration was also significantly inhibited. Our results indicate that PTEN translocation is induced by the disruption of cell-cell adhesion and requires the involvement of importin-β and actin cytoskeleton signaling. In addition, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) may regulate PTEN distribution through its localized accumulation at the cell edge. Our findings suggest that the translocation of PTEN is crucial for directed cell migration and for responding to mechanical environmental changes in confluent cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka-Shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saori Sasaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka-Shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Medical and Robotic Engineering Design, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Kudo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka-Shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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3
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Khakwani MMAK, Ji XY, Khattak S, Sun YC, Yao K, Zhang L. Targeting colorectal cancer at the level of nuclear pore complex. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00245-5. [PMID: 38876192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the architectures entrenched in nuclear envelop of a cell that regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation of materials, such as proteins and RNAs for proper functioning of a cell. The appropriate localization of proteins and RNAs within the cell is essential for its normal functionality. For such a complex transportation of materials across the NPC, around 60 proteins are involved comprising nucleoporins, karyopherins and RAN system proteins that play a vital role in NPC's structure formation, cargo translocation across NPC, and cargoes' rapid directed transportation respectively. In various cancers, the structure and function of NPC is often exaggerated, following altered expressions of its nucleoporins and karyopherins, affecting other proteins of associated signaling pathways. Some inhibitors of karyopherins at present, have potential to regulate the altered level/expression of these karyopherin molecules. AIM OF REVIEW This review summarizes the data from 1990 to 2023, mainly focusing on recent studies that illustrate the structure and function of NPC, the relationship and mechanisms of nucleoporins and karyopherins with colorectal cancer, as well as therapeutic values, in order to understand the pathology and underlying basis of colorectal cancer associated with NPC. This is the first review to our knowledge elucidating the detailed updated studies targeting colorectal cancer at NPC. The review also aims to target certain karyopherins, Nups and their possible inhibitors and activators molecules as a therapeutic strategy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NPC structure provides understanding, how nucleoporins and karyopherins as key molecules are responsible for appropriate nucleocytoplasmic transportation. Many studies provide evidences, describing the role of disrupted nucleoporins and karyopherins not only in CRC but also in other non-hematological and hematological malignancies. At present, some inhibitors of karyopherins have therapeutic potential for CRC, however development of more potent inhibitors may provide more effective therapeutic strategies for CRC in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahtab Aslam Khan Khakwani
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Department of Oncology, Huaxian County Hospital, Huaxian, Henan Province 456400, China; Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd, Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450064, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Sun
- Department of Internal Oncology (Section I), Xuchang Municipal Central Hospital, Xuchang, Henan 430000, China
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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4
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Maliano MR, Yetming KD, Kalejta RF. Triple lysine and nucleosome-binding motifs of the viral IE19 protein are required for human cytomegalovirus S-phase infections. mBio 2024; 15:e0016224. [PMID: 38695580 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00162-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus genomes are maintained as extrachromosomal plasmids within the nuclei of infected cells. Some herpesviruses persist within dividing cells, putting the viral genome at risk of being lost to the cytoplasm during mitosis because karyokinesis (nuclear division) requires nuclear envelope breakdown. Oncogenic herpesviruses (and papillomaviruses) avoid genome loss during mitosis by tethering their genomes to cellular chromosomes, thereby ensuring viral genome uptake into newly formed nuclei. These viruses use viral proteins with DNA- and chromatin-binding capabilities to physically link viral and cellular genomes together in a process called tethering. The known viral tethering proteins of human papillomavirus (E2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBNA1), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (LANA) each contain two independent domains required for genome tethering, one that binds sequence specifically to the viral genome and another that binds to cellular chromatin. This latter domain is called a chromatin tethering domain (CTD). The human cytomegalovirus UL123 gene encodes a CTD that is required for the virus to productively infect dividing fibroblast cells within the S phase of the cell cycle, presumably by tethering the viral genome to cellular chromosomes during mitosis. The CTD-containing UL123 gene product that supports S-phase infections is the IE19 protein. Here, we define two motifs in IE19 required for S-phase infections: an N-terminal triple lysine motif and a C-terminal nucleosome-binding motif within the CTD.IMPORTANCEThe IE19 protein encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is required for S-phase infection of dividing cells, likely because it tethers the viral genome to cellular chromosomes, thereby allowing them to survive mitosis. The mechanism through which IE19 tethers viral genomes to cellular chromosomes is not understood. For human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, viral genome tethering is required for persistence (latency) and pathogenesis (oncogenesis). Like these viruses, HCMV also achieves latency, and it modulates the properties of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Therefore, defining the mechanism through which IE19 tethers viral genomes to cellular chromosomes may help us understand, and ultimately combat or control, HCMV latency and oncomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minor R Maliano
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristen D Yetming
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Molecular Biology, Charles River Laboratories, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert F Kalejta
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Solà Colom M, Fu Z, Gunkel P, Güttler T, Trakhanov S, Srinivasan V, Gregor K, Pleiner T, Görlich D. A checkpoint function for Nup98 in nuclear pore formation suggested by novel inhibitory nanobodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:2198-2232. [PMID: 38649536 PMCID: PMC11148069 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis is a still enigmatic example of protein self-assembly. We now introduce several cross-reacting anti-Nup nanobodies for imaging intact nuclear pore complexes from frog to human. We also report a simplified assay that directly tracks postmitotic NPC assembly with added fluorophore-labeled anti-Nup nanobodies. During interphase, NPCs are inserted into a pre-existing nuclear envelope. Monitoring this process is challenging because newly assembled NPCs are indistinguishable from pre-existing ones. We overcame this problem by inserting Xenopus-derived NPCs into human nuclear envelopes and using frog-specific anti-Nup nanobodies for detection. We further asked whether anti-Nup nanobodies could serve as NPC assembly inhibitors. Using a selection strategy against conserved epitopes, we obtained anti-Nup93, Nup98, and Nup155 nanobodies that block Nup-Nup interfaces and arrest NPC assembly. We solved structures of nanobody-target complexes and identified roles for the Nup93 α-solenoid domain in recruiting Nup358 and the Nup214·88·62 complex, as well as for Nup155 and the Nup98 autoproteolytic domain in NPC scaffold assembly. The latter suggests a checkpoint linking pore formation to the assembly of the Nup98-dominated permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Solà Colom
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- AI Proteins, 20 Overland St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenglin Fu
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Gunkel
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Güttler
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals, Im Neuenheimer Feld 590, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergei Trakhanov
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasundara Srinivasan
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gregor
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Pleiner
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Hu X, Wang J, Yang K, Fan H, Wu J, Ren J, Han G, Li J, Xue Z, Liu X, Lv X. The GWAS SNP rs80207740 modulates erythrocyte traits via allele-specific binding of IKZF1 and targeting XPO7 gene. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23666. [PMID: 38780091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with erythrocyte traits. However, the functional variants and their working mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we reported that the SNP of rs80207740, which was associated with red blood cell (RBC) volume and hemoglobin content across populations, conferred enhancer activity to XPO7 gene via allele-differentially binding to Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1). We showed that the region around rs80207740 was an erythroid-specific enhancer using reporter assays, and that the G-allele further enhanced activity. 3D genome evidence showed that the enhancer interacted with the XPO7 promoter, and eQTL analysis suggested that the G-allele upregulated expression of XPO7. We further showed that the rs80207740-G allele facilitated the binding of transcription factor IKZF1 in EMSA and ChIP analyses. Knockdown of IKZF1 and GATA1 resulted in decreased expression of Xpo7 in both human and mouse erythroid cells. Finally, we constructed Xpo7 knockout mouse by CRISPR/Cas9 and observed anemic phenotype with reduced volume and hemoglobin content of RBC, consistent to the effect of rs80207740 on erythrocyte traits. Overall, our study demonstrated that rs80207740 modulated erythroid indices by regulating IKZF1 binding and Xpo7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiuqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gaijing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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7
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Tingey M, Ruba A, Jiang Z, Yang W. Deciphering vesicle-assisted transport mechanisms in cytoplasm to cilium trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1379976. [PMID: 38860265 PMCID: PMC11163138 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1379976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The cilium, a pivotal organelle crucial for cell signaling and proper cell function, relies on meticulous macromolecular transport from the cytoplasm for its formation and maintenance. While the intraflagellar transport (IFT) pathway has traditionally been the focus of extensive study concerning ciliogenesis and ciliary maintenance, recent research highlights a complementary and alternative mechanism-vesicle-assisted transport (VAT) in cytoplasm to cilium trafficking. Despite its potential significance, the VAT pathway remains largely uncharacterized. This review explores recent studies providing evidence for the dynamics of vesicle-related diffusion and transport within the live primary cilium, employing high-speed super-resolution light microscopy. Additionally, we analyze the spatial distribution of vesicles in the cilium, mainly relying on electron microscopy data. By scrutinizing the VAT pathways that facilitate cargo transport into the cilium, with a specific emphasis on recent advancements and imaging data, our objective is to synthesize a comprehensive model of ciliary transport through the integration of IFT-VAT mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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8
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Guo Y, Tao T, Wu T, Hou J, Lin W. Nucleoporin Nup98 is an essential factor for ipo4 dependent protein import. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38780165 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is essential in eukaryotic cells. In this process, the karyopherins play a central role when they transport cargoes across the nuclear pore complex. Importin 4 belongs to the karyopherin β family. Many studies have focused on finding substrates for importin 4, but no direct mechanism studies of its precise transport function have been reported. Therefore, this paper mainly aimed to study the mechanism of nucleoporins in mediating nuclear import and export of importin 4. To address this question, we constructed shRNAs targeting Nup358, Nup153, Nup98, and Nup50. We found that depletion of Nup98 resulted in a shift in the subcellular localization of importin 4 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Mutational analysis demonstrated that Nup98 physically and functionally interacts with importin 4 through its N-terminal phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat region. Mutation of nine of these FG motifs to SG motifs significantly attenuated the binding of Nup98 to importin 4, and we further confirmed the essential role of the six FG motifs in amino acids 121-360 of Nup98 in binding with importin 4. In vitro transport assay also confirmed that VDR, the substrate of importin 4, could not be transported into the nucleus after Nup98 knockdown. Overall, our results showed that Nup98 is required for efficient importin 4-mediated transport. This is the first study to reveal the mechanism of importin 4 in transporting substrates into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiame, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiame, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiame, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiame, Fujian, China
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9
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Khan Q, Wang Y, Xia G, Yang H, Luo Z, Zhang Y. Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress on the Tomato, Its Innate Responses, and Potential Preventive Strategies in the Realm of Emerging Technologies. Metabolites 2024; 14:283. [PMID: 38786760 PMCID: PMC11122942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The tomato is a fruit vegetable rich in nutritional and medicinal value grown in greenhouses and fields worldwide. It is severely sensitive to heat stress, which frequently occurs with rising global warming. Predictions indicate a 0.2 °C increase in average surface temperatures per decade for the next three decades, which underlines the threat of austere heat stress in the future. Previous studies have reported that heat stress adversely affects tomato growth, limits nutrient availability, hammers photosynthesis, disrupts reproduction, denatures proteins, upsets signaling pathways, and damages cell membranes. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species in response to heat stress is toxic to tomato plants. The negative consequences of heat stress on the tomato have been the focus of much investigation, resulting in the emergence of several therapeutic interventions. However, a considerable distance remains to be covered to develop tomato varieties that are tolerant to current heat stress and durable in the perspective of increasing global warming. This current review provides a critical analysis of the heat stress consequences on the tomato in the context of global warming, its innate response to heat stress, and the elucidation of domains characterized by a scarcity of knowledge, along with potential avenues for enhancing sustainable tolerance against heat stress through the involvement of diverse advanced technologies. The particular mechanism underlying thermotolerance remains indeterminate and requires further elucidatory investigation. The precise roles and interplay of signaling pathways in response to heat stress remain unresolved. The etiology of tomato plants' physiological and molecular responses against heat stress remains unexplained. Utilizing modern functional genomics techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, can assist in identifying potential candidate proteins, metabolites, genes, gene networks, and signaling pathways contributing to tomato stress tolerance. Improving tomato tolerance against heat stress urges a comprehensive and combined strategy including modern techniques, the latest apparatuses, speedy breeding, physiology, and molecular markers to regulate their physiological, molecular, and biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Landscape and Horticulture‚ Ecology College‚ Lishui University‚ Lishui 323000‚ China; (Q.K.); (Y.W.); (G.X.); (H.Y.); (Z.L.)
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10
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Skowyra ML, Feng P, Rapoport TA. Towards solving the mystery of peroxisomal matrix protein import. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:388-405. [PMID: 37743160 PMCID: PMC10957506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are vital metabolic organelles that import their lumenal (matrix) enzymes from the cytosol using mobile receptors. Surprisingly, the receptors can even import folded proteins, but the underlying mechanism has been a mystery. Recent results reveal how import receptors shuttle cargo into peroxisomes. The cargo-bound receptors move from the cytosol across the peroxisomal membrane completely into the matrix by a mechanism that resembles transport through the nuclear pore. The receptors then return to the cytosol through a separate retrotranslocation channel, leaving the cargo inside the organelle. This cycle concentrates imported proteins within peroxisomes, and the energy for cargo import is supplied by receptor export. Peroxisomal protein import thus fundamentally differs from other previously known mechanisms for translocating proteins across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Skowyra
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peiqiang Feng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tom A Rapoport
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Shadish JA, Lee JC. Genetically encoded lysine photocage for spatiotemporal control of TDP-43 nuclear import. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107191. [PMID: 38290242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular aggregation of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While primarily a nuclear protein, TDP-43 translocates to the cytosol during cellular stress. Consequences of cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43 is difficult to evaluate in the absence of exogenous toxins. Here, we demonstrate spatiotemporal control over the nuclear import of TDP-43 by installing a photocage (ortho-nitrobenzyl ester) on a single lysine residue (K84) through amber codon suppression in HEK293T cells. Translocation of this cytosolic construct is photo-triggerable in a dose-dependent manner with 355 nm light. Interestingly, both fluid- and solid-like puncta were found based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, similar to what is expected of stress granules and intracellular aggregates, respectively. This optogenetic method is advantageous as it is minimally perturbative and broadly applicable to other studies of protein translocation between cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Shadish
- Laboratory of Protein Conformation and Dynamics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lee
- Laboratory of Protein Conformation and Dynamics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Huang X, Huang Y, Qin L, Xiao Q, Wang Q, Wang J, Wang W, Lu X, Wu Y. Maize DDK1 encoding an Importin-4 β protein is essential for seed development and grain filling by mediating nuclear exporting of eIF1A. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2075-2089. [PMID: 38095260 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking is crucial for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells due to the spatial separation of transcription and translation by the nuclear envelope. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown in plants. In this study, we isolated a maize (Zea mays) mutant designated developmentally delayed kernel 1 (ddk1), which exhibits delayed seed development and slower filling. Ddk1 encodes a plant-specific protein known as Importin-4 β, and its mutation results in reduced 80S monosomes and suppressed protein synthesis. Through our investigations, we found that DDK1 interacts with eIF1A proteins in vivo. However, in vitro experiments revealed that this interaction exhibits low affinity in the absence of RanGTP. Additionally, while the eIF1A protein primarily localizes to the cytoplasm in the wild-type, it remains significantly retained within the nuclei of ddk1 mutants. These observations suggest that DDK1 functions as an exportin and collaborates with RanGTP to facilitate the nuclear export of eIF1A, consequently regulating endosperm development at the translational level. Importantly, both DDK1 and eIF1A are conserved among various plant species, implying the preservation of this regulatory module across diverse plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongcai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Qin
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Holehouse AS, Kragelund BB. The molecular basis for cellular function of intrinsically disordered protein regions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:187-211. [PMID: 37957331 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered protein regions exist in a collection of dynamic interconverting conformations that lack a stable 3D structure. These regions are structurally heterogeneous, ubiquitous and found across all kingdoms of life. Despite the absence of a defined 3D structure, disordered regions are essential for cellular processes ranging from transcriptional control and cell signalling to subcellular organization. Through their conformational malleability and adaptability, disordered regions extend the repertoire of macromolecular interactions and are readily tunable by their structural and chemical context, making them ideal responders to regulatory cues. Recent work has led to major advances in understanding the link between protein sequence and conformational behaviour in disordered regions, yet the link between sequence and molecular function is less well defined. Here we consider the biochemical and biophysical foundations that underlie how and why disordered regions can engage in productive cellular functions, provide examples of emerging concepts and discuss how protein disorder contributes to intracellular information processing and regulation of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- REPIN, Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Kitagawa T, Matsumoto T, Ohta T, Yoshida T, Saito Y, Nakayama Y, Hadate Y, Ashihara E, Watanabe T. Linderapyrone analogue LPD-01 as a cancer treatment agent by targeting importin7. J Nat Med 2024; 78:370-381. [PMID: 38265612 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in several cancer cells, including cell proliferation and development. We previously succeeded in synthesizing a small molecule compound inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, named LPD-01 (1), and 1 inhibited the growth of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. In this study, we revealed that 1 inhibits the growth of HT-29 cells stronger than that of another human colorectal cancer (SW480) cells. Therefore, we have attempted to identify the target proteins of 1 in HT-29 cells. Firstly, we investigated the effect on the expression levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. As a result, 1 inhibited the expression of target proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (c-Myc and Survivin) and their genes, whereas the amount of transcriptional co-activator (β-catenin) was not decreased, suggesting that 1 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway without affecting β-catenin. Next, we investigated the target proteins of 1 using magnetic FG beads. Chemical pull-down assay combined with mass spectrometry suggested that 1 directly binds to importin7. As expected, 1 inhibited the nuclear translocation of importin7 cargoes such as Smad2 and Smad3 in TGF-β-stimulated HT-29 cells. In addition, the knockdown of importin7 by siRNA reduced the expression of target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results suggest that importin7 is one of the target proteins of 1 for inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuki Hadate
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
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15
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Klughammer N, Barth A, Dekker M, Fragasso A, Onck PR, Dekker C. Diameter dependence of transport through nuclear pore complex mimics studied using optical nanopores. eLife 2024; 12:RP87174. [PMID: 38376900 PMCID: PMC10942607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates the selective transport of large biomolecules through the nuclear envelope. As a model system for nuclear transport, we construct NPC mimics by functionalizing the pore walls of freestanding palladium zero-mode waveguides with the FG-nucleoporin Nsp1. This approach enables the measurement of single-molecule translocations through individual pores using optical detection. We probe the selectivity of Nsp1-coated pores by quantitatively comparing the translocation rates of the nuclear transport receptor Kap95 to the inert probe BSA over a wide range of pore sizes from 35 nm to 160 nm. Pores below 55 ± 5 nm show significant selectivity that gradually decreases for larger pores. This finding is corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the Nsp1 mesh within the pore, which suggest that leakage of BSA occurs by diffusion through transient openings within the dynamic mesh. Furthermore, we experimentally observe a modulation of the BSA permeation when varying the concentration of Kap95. The results demonstrate the potential of single-molecule fluorescence measurements on biomimetic NPCs to elucidate the principles of nuclear transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Klughammer
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Anders Barth
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Maurice Dekker
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Alessio Fragasso
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
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16
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Fu L, Weiskopf EN, Akkermans O, Swanson NA, Cheng S, Schwartz TU, Görlich D. HIV-1 capsids enter the FG phase of nuclear pores like a transport receptor. Nature 2024; 626:843-851. [PMID: 38267583 PMCID: PMC10881386 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection requires nuclear entry of the viral genome. Previous evidence suggests that this entry proceeds through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), with the 120 × 60 nm capsid squeezing through an approximately 60-nm-wide central channel1 and crossing the permeability barrier of the NPC. This barrier can be described as an FG phase2 that is assembled from cohesively interacting phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats3 and is selectively permeable to cargo captured by nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). Here we show that HIV-1 capsid assemblies can target NPCs efficiently in an NTR-independent manner and bind directly to several types of FG repeats, including barrier-forming cohesive repeats. Like NTRs, the capsid readily partitions into an in vitro assembled cohesive FG phase that can serve as an NPC mimic and excludes much smaller inert probes such as mCherry. Indeed, entry of the capsid protein into such an FG phase is greatly enhanced by capsid assembly, which also allows the encapsulated clients to enter. Thus, our data indicate that the HIV-1 capsid behaves like an NTR, with its interior serving as a cargo container. Because capsid-coating with trans-acting NTRs would increase the diameter by 10 nm or more, we suggest that such a 'self-translocating' capsid undermines the size restrictions imposed by the NPC scaffold, thereby bypassing an otherwise effective barrier to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Fu
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erika N Weiskopf
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Onno Akkermans
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Swanson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiya Cheng
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas U Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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17
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Moraes IR, de Oliveira HC, Fontes MRM. Structural basis of nuclear transport for NEIL DNA glycosylases mediated by importin-alpha. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140974. [PMID: 38065227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
NEIL glycosylases, including NEIL1, NEIL2, and NEIL3, play a crucial role in the base excision DNA repair pathway (BER). The classical importin pathway mediated by importin α/β and cargo proteins containing nuclear localization sequences (NLS) is the most common transport mechanism of DNA repair proteins to the nucleus. Previous studies have identified putative NLSs located at the C-terminus of NEIL3 and NEIL1. Crystallographic, bioinformatics, calorimetric (ITC), and fluorescence assays were used to investigate the interaction between NEIL1 and NEIL3 putative NLSs and importin-α (Impα). Our findings showed that NEIL3 contains a typical cNLS, with medium affinity for the major binding site of Impα. In contrast, crystallographic analysis of NEIL1 NLS revealed its binding to Impα, but with high B-factors and a lack of electron density at the linker region. ITC and fluorescence assays indicated no detectable affinity between NEIL1 NLS and Impα. These data suggest that NEIL1 NLS is a non-classical NLS with low affinity to Impα. Additionally, we compared the binding mode of NEIL3 and NEIL1 with Mus musculus Impα to human isoforms HsImpα1 and HsImpα3, which revealed interesting binding differences for HsImpα3 variant. NEIL3 is a classical medium affinity monopartite NLS, while NEIL1 is likely to be an unclassical low-affinity bipartite NLS. The base excision repair pathway is one of the primary systems involved in repairing DNA. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of nuclear transport of NEIL proteins is crucial for comprehending the role of these proteins in DNA repair and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Moraes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamine C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar (IEAMar), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Breckel CA, Johnson ZM, Hickey CM, Hochstrasser M. Yeast 26S proteasome nuclear import is coupled to nucleus-specific degradation of the karyopherin adaptor protein Sts1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2048. [PMID: 38267508 PMCID: PMC10808114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is an essential pathway for protein degradation and cellular homeostasis. 26S proteasomes concentrate in the nucleus of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to the essential import adaptor protein Sts1 and the karyopherin-α protein Srp1. Here, we show that Sts1 facilitates proteasome nuclear import by recruiting proteasomes to the karyopherin-α/β heterodimer. Following nuclear transport, the karyopherin proteins are likely separated from Sts1 through interaction with RanGTP in the nucleus. RanGTP-induced release of Sts1 from the karyopherin proteins initiates Sts1 proteasomal degradation in vitro. Sts1 undergoes karyopherin-mediated nuclear import in the absence of proteasome interaction, but Sts1 degradation in vivo is only observed when proteasomes successfully localize to the nucleus. Sts1 appears to function as a proteasome import factor during exponential growth only, as it is not found in proteasome storage granules (PSGs) during prolonged glucose starvation, nor does it appear to contribute to the rapid nuclear reimport of proteasomes following glucose refeeding and PSG dissipation. We propose that Sts1 acts as a single-turnover proteasome nuclear import factor by recruiting karyopherins for transport and undergoing subsequent RanGTP-initiated ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Allain Breckel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zane M Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christopher M Hickey
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Arvinas, Inc., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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19
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Yamada A, Wake K, Imaoka S, Motoyoshi M, Yamamoto T, Asano M. Analysis of the effects of importin α1 on the nuclear translocation of IL-1α in HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1322. [PMID: 38225348 PMCID: PMC10789739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), a cytokine released by necrotic cells, causes sterile inflammation. On the other hand, IL-1α is present in the nucleus and also regulates the expression of many proteins. A protein substrate containing a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) typically forms a substrate/importin α/β complex, which is subsequently transported to the nucleus. To the best of our knowledge, no study has directly investigated whether IL-1α-which includes cNLS-is imported into the nucleus in an importin α/β-dependent manner. In this study, we noted that all detected importin α subtypes interacted with IL-1α. In HeLa cells, importin α1-mediated nuclear translocation of IL-1α occurred at steady state and was independent of importin β1. Importin α1 not only was engaged in IL-1α nuclear transport but also concurrently functioned as a molecule that regulated IL-1α protein level in the cell. Furthermore, we discussed the underlying mechanism of IL-1α nuclear translocation by importin α1 based on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Wake
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Saya Imaoka
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho-3, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatake Asano
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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20
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Scott KL, Halfmann CT, Hoefakker AD, Purkayastha P, Wang TC, Lele TP, Roux KJ. Nucleocytoplasmic transport rates are regulated by cellular processes that modulate GTP availability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.29.573651. [PMID: 38234722 PMCID: PMC10793428 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT), the facilitated diffusion of cargo molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), enables numerous fundamental eukaryotic cellular processes. Ran GTPase uses cellular energy in the direct form of GTP to create a gradient across the nuclear envelope (NE) that drives the majority of NCT. We report here that changes in GTP availability resulting from altered cellular physiology modulate the rate of NCT, as monitored using synthetic and natural cargo, and the dynamics of Ran itself. Cell migration, cell spreading and/or modulation of the cytoskeleton or its connection to the nucleus alter GTP availability and thus rates of NCT, regulating RNA export and protein synthesis. These findings support a model in which changes in cellular physiology that alter GTP availability can regulate the rate of NCT, impacting fundamental cellular processes that extensively utilize NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Scott
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
| | | | - Allison D. Hoefakker
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ting Ching Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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21
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Zhang M, Jia F, Wang Q, Yang C, Wang X, Liu T, Tang Q, Yang Z, Wang H. Kapβ2 Inhibits Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Rats with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Reversing the Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Mislocalization of hnRNPA2/B1. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03789-8. [PMID: 38102516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Harmful stimuli trigger mutations lead to uncontrolled accumulation of hnRNPA2/B1 in the cytoplasm, exacerbating neuronal damage. Kapβ2 mediates the bidirectional transport of most substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Kapβ2 guides hnRNPA2/B1 back into the nucleus and restores its function, alleviating related protein toxicity. Here, we aim to explore the involvement of Kapβ2 in neurodegeneration in rats with MCI following sevoflurane anesthesia and surgery. Firstly, novel object recognition test and Barnes maze were conducted to assess behavioral performances, and we found Kapβ2 positively regulated the recovery of memory and cognitive function. In vivo electrophysiological experiments revealed that the hippocampal theta rhythm energy distribution was disrupted, coherence was reduced, and long-term potentiation was attenuated in MCI rats. LTP was greatly improved with positive modulation of Kapβ2. Next, functional MRI and BOLD imaging will be employed to examine the AFLL and FC values of dynamic connectivity between the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The findings show that regulating Kapβ2 in the hippocampus region enhances functional activity and connections between brain regions in MCI rats. WB results showed that increasing Kapβ2 expression improved the expression and recovery of cognitive-related proteins in the hippocampus of MCI rats. Finally, WB and immunofluorescence were used to examine the changes in hnRNPA2/B1 expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm after overexpression of Kapβ2, and it was found that nucleocytoplasmic mis location was alleviated. Overall, these data show that Kapβ2 reverses the nucleoplasmic misalignment of hnRNPA2/B1, which slows neurodegeneration towards dementia in MCI after sevoflurane anesthesia and surgery. Our findings may lead to new approaches for perioperative neuroprotection of MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feiyu Jia
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyue Liu
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingkai Tang
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Haiyun Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Nankai University Affinity the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Keuenhof KS, Kohler V, Broeskamp F, Panagaki D, Speese SD, Büttner S, Höög JL. Nuclear envelope budding and its cellular functions. Nucleus 2023; 14:2178184. [PMID: 36814098 PMCID: PMC9980700 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2178184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has long been assumed to be the sole route across the nuclear envelope, and under normal homeostatic conditions it is indeed the main mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, it has also been known that e.g. herpesviruses cross the nuclear envelope utilizing a pathway entitled nuclear egress or envelopment/de-envelopment. Despite this, a thread of observations suggests that mechanisms similar to viral egress may be transiently used also in healthy cells. It has since been proposed that mechanisms like nuclear envelope budding (NEB) can facilitate the transport of RNA granules, aggregated proteins, inner nuclear membrane proteins, and mis-assembled NPCs. Herein, we will summarize the known roles of NEB as a physiological and intrinsic cellular feature and highlight the many unanswered questions surrounding these intriguing nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verena Kohler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Panagaki
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sean D. Speese
- Knight Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Johanna L. Höög
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shi W, Shan Z, Jiang L, Wang G, Wang X, Chang Y, Hu Y, Wang B, Li Q, Wang Y, Deng G, Shi J, Jiang Y, Zeng X, Tian G, Chen H, Li C. ABTB1 facilitates the replication of influenza A virus by counteracting TRIM4-mediated degradation of viral NP protein. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2270073. [PMID: 37823597 PMCID: PMC10623896 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2270073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) continue to cause tremendous economic losses to the global animal industry and respiratory diseases and deaths among humans. The nuclear import of the vRNP complex, composed of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), polymerase acidic protein (PA), nucleoprotein (NP), and viral RNA, is essential for the efficient replication of IAV. Host factors involved in this process can be targeted for the development of countermeasures against IAV infection. Here, we found that Ankyrin Repeat and BTB Domain Containing 1 (ABTB1) promotes the replication of IAV, and positively regulates the nuclear import of the vRNP complex. ABTB1 did not interact directly with NP, indicating that ABTB1 plays an indirect role in facilitating the nuclear import of the vRNP complex. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed that Tripartite Motif Containing 4 (TRIM4) interacts with ABTB1. We found that TRIM4 relies on its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to inhibit the replication of IAV by targeting and degrading NP within the incoming vRNP complex as well as the newly synthesized NP. ABTB1 interacted with TRIM4, leading to TRIM4 degradation through the proteasome system. Notably, ABTB1-mediated degradation of TRIM4 blocked the effect of TRIM4 on NP stability, and largely counteracted the inhibitory effect of TRIM4 on IAV replication. Our findings define a novel role for ABTB1 in aiding the nuclear import of the vRNP complex of IAV by counteracting the destabilizing effect of TRIM4 on the viral NP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Li J, Ma S, Pei H, Jiang J, Zou Q, Lv Z. Review of T cell proliferation regulatory factors in treatment and prognostic prediction for solid tumors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21329. [PMID: 37954355 PMCID: PMC10637962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell proliferation regulators (Tcprs), which are positive regulators that promote T cell function, have made great contributions to the development of therapies to improve T cell function. CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) -T cell therapy, a type of adoptive cell transfer therapy that targets tumor cells and enhances immune lethality, has led to significant progress in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, the applications of CAR-T in solid tumor treatment remain limited. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the development of Tcprs for solid tumor therapy and prognostic prediction. We summarize potential strategies for targeting different Tcprs to enhance T cell proliferation and activation and inhibition of cancer progression, thereby improving the antitumor activity and persistence of CAR-T. In summary, we propose means of enhancing CAR-T cells by expressing different Tcprs, which may lead to the development of a new generation of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuhan Ma
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongdi Pei
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jici Jiang
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhibin Lv
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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26
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Buxboim A, Kronenberg-Tenga R, Salajkova S, Avidan N, Shahak H, Thurston A, Medalia O. Scaffold, mechanics and functions of nuclear lamins. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2791-2805. [PMID: 37813648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are type-V intermediate filaments that are involved in many nuclear processes. In mammals, A- and B-type lamins assemble into separate physical meshwork underneath the inner nuclear membrane, the nuclear lamina, with some residual fraction localized within the nucleoplasm. Lamins are the major part of the nucleoskeleton, providing mechanical strength and flexibility to protect the genome and allow nuclear deformability, while also contributing to gene regulation via interactions with chromatin. While lamins are the evolutionary ancestors of all intermediate filament family proteins, their ultimate filamentous assembly is markedly different from their cytoplasmic counterparts. Interestingly, hundreds of genetic mutations in the lamina proteins have been causally linked with a broad range of human pathologies, termed laminopathies. These include muscular, neurological and metabolic disorders, as well as premature aging diseases. Recent technological advances have contributed to resolving the filamentous structure of lamins and the corresponding lamina organization. In this review, we revisit the multiscale lamin organization and discuss its implications on nuclear mechanics and chromatin organization within lamina-associated domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Buxboim
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sarka Salajkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nili Avidan
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hen Shahak
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alice Thurston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Rush C, Jiang Z, Tingey M, Feng F, Yang W. Unveiling the complexity: assessing models describing the structure and function of the nuclear pore complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1245939. [PMID: 37876551 PMCID: PMC10591098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1245939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as a pivotal subcellular structure, acting as a gateway that orchestrates nucleocytoplasmic transport through a selectively permeable barrier. Nucleoporins (Nups), particularly those containing phenylalanine-glycine (FG) motifs, play indispensable roles within this barrier. Recent advancements in technology have significantly deepened our understanding of the NPC's architecture and operational intricacies, owing to comprehensive investigations. Nevertheless, the conspicuous presence of intrinsically disordered regions within FG-Nups continues to present a formidable challenge to conventional static characterization techniques. Historically, a multitude of strategies have been employed to unravel the intricate organization and behavior of FG-Nups within the NPC. These endeavors have given rise to multiple models that strive to elucidate the structural layout and functional significance of FG-Nups. Within this exhaustive review, we present a comprehensive overview of these prominent models, underscoring their proposed dynamic and structural attributes, supported by pertinent research. Through a comparative analysis, we endeavor to shed light on the distinct characteristics and contributions inherent in each model. Simultaneously, it remains crucial to acknowledge the scarcity of unequivocal validation for any of these models, as substantiated by empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Ferreira PA. Nucleocytoplasmic transport at the crossroads of proteostasis, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2567-2589. [PMID: 37597509 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport comprises the multistep assembly, transport, and disassembly of protein and RNA cargoes entering and exiting nuclear pores. Accruing evidence supports that impairments to nucleocytoplasmic transport are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. These impairments cause dysregulations in nucleocytoplasmic partitioning and proteostasis of nuclear transport receptors and client substrates that promote intracellular deposits - another hallmark of neurodegeneration. Disturbances in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) between dense and dilute phases of biomolecules implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport promote micrometer-scale coacervates, leading to proteinaceous aggregates. This Review provides historical and emerging principles of LLPS at the interface of nucleocytoplasmic transport, proteostasis, aging and noxious insults, whose dysregulations promote intracellular aggregates. E3 SUMO-protein ligase Ranbp2 constitutes the cytoplasmic filaments of nuclear pores, where it acts as a molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of nucleocytoplasmic transport. A vignette is provided on the roles of Ranbp2 in nucleocytoplasmic transport and at the intersection of proteostasis in the survival of photoreceptor and motor neurons under homeostatic and pathophysiological environments. Current unmet clinical needs are highlighted, including therapeutics aiming to manipulate aggregation-dissolution models of purported neurotoxicity in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, NC, Durham, USA
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29
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Emelyanov AV, Barcenilla-Merino D, Loppin B, Fyodorov DV. APOLLO, a testis-specific Drosophila ortholog of importin-4, mediates the loading of protamine-like protein Mst77F into sperm chromatin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105212. [PMID: 37660905 PMCID: PMC10520872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA in sperm is packed with small, charged proteins termed SNBPs (sperm nuclear basic proteins), including mammalian and Drosophila protamines. During spermiogenesis, somatic-type chromatin is taken apart and replaced with sperm chromatin in a multistep process leading to an extraordinary condensation of the genome. During fertilization, the ova face a similarly challenging task of SNBP eviction and reassembly of nucleosome-based chromatin. Despite its importance for the animal life cycle, sperm chromatin metabolism, including the biochemical machinery mediating the mutual replacement of histones and SNBPs, remains poorly studied. In Drosophila, Mst77F is one of the first SNBPs loaded into the spermatid nuclei. It persists in mature spermatozoa and is essential for sperm compaction and male fertility. Here, by using in vitro biochemical assays, we identify chaperones that can mediate the eviction and loading of Mst77F on DNA, thus facilitating the interconversions of chromatin forms in the male gamete. Unlike NAP1 and TAP/p32 chaperones that disassemble Mst77F-DNA complexes, ARTEMIS and APOLLO, orthologs of mammalian importin-4 (IPO4), mediate the deposition of Mst77F on DNA or oligonucleosome templates, accompanied by the dissociation of histone-DNA complexes. In vivo, a mutation of testis-specific Apollo brings about a defect of Mst77F loading, abnormal sperm morphology, and male infertility. We identify IPO4 ortholog APOLLO as a critical component of sperm chromatin assembly apparatus in Drosophila. We discover that in addition to recognized roles in protein traffic, a nuclear transport receptor (IPO4) can function directly in chromatin remodeling as a dual, histone- and SNBP-specific, chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Emelyanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Barcenilla-Merino
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5239, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Loppin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5239, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Dmitry V Fyodorov
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
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30
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Shi Q, Lin M, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Deng S, Lang K, Yang Z, Sun X. KPNB1-mediated nuclear import in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175925. [PMID: 37473981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling impairs cellular homeostasis and promotes cancer development. KPNB1 is a member of karyopherin β family, mediating the transportation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In a variety of cancers, the expression of KPNB1 is upregulated to facilitate tumor growth and progression. Both downregulation of KPNB1 level and inhibition of KPNB1 activity prevent the entry of cancer-related transcription factors into the nucleus, subsequently suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, five KPNB1 inhibitors have been reported and exhibited good efficacy against cancer. This paper provides an overview of the role and mechanism of KPNB1 in different cancers and KPNB1-targeted anticancer compounds which hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mengxia Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Shufen Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ke Lang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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31
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Junod SL, Tingey M, Kelich JM, Goryaynov A, Herbine K, Yang W. Dynamics of nuclear export of pre-ribosomal subunits revealed by high-speed single-molecule microscopy in live cells. iScience 2023; 26:107445. [PMID: 37599825 PMCID: PMC10433129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a study on the nuclear export efficiency and time of pre-ribosomal subunits in live mammalian cells, using high-speed single-molecule tracking and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. Our findings reveal that pre-ribosomal particles exhibit significantly higher nuclear export efficiency compared to other large cargos like mRNAs, with around two-thirds of interactions between the pre-60S or pre-40S and the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) resulting in successful export to the cytoplasm. We also demonstrate that nuclear transport receptor (NTR) chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1) plays a crucial role in nuclear export efficiency, with pre-60S and pre-40S particle export efficiency decreasing by 11-17-fold when CRM1 is inhibited. Our results suggest that multiple copies of CRM1 work cooperatively to chaperone pre-ribosomal subunits through the NPC, thus increasing export efficiency and decreasing export time. Significantly, this cooperative NTR mechanism extends beyond pre-ribosomal subunits, as evidenced by the enhanced nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Junod
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Tingey
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Karl Herbine
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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32
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Hu Y, Liu C, Yang J, Zhong M, Qian B, Chen J, Zhang Y, Song J. HMGB1 is involved in viral replication and the inflammatory response in coxsackievirus A16-infected 16HBE cells via proteomic analysis and identification. Virol J 2023; 20:178. [PMID: 37559147 PMCID: PMC10410909 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is still an important pathogen that causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and infants worldwide. Previous studies indicated that CV-A16 infection is usually mild or self-limiting, but it was also found that CV-A16 infection can trigger severe neurological complications and even death. However, there are currently no vaccines or antiviral compounds available to either prevent or treat CV-A16 infection. Therefore, investigation of the virus‒host interaction and identification of host proteins that play a crucial regulatory role in the pathogenesis of CV-A16 infection may provide a novel strategy to develop antiviral drugs. Here, to increase our understanding of the interaction of CV-A16 with the host cell, we analyzed changes in the proteome of 16HBE cells in response to CV-A16 using tandem mass tag (TMT) in combination with LC‒MS/MS. There were 6615 proteins quantified, and 172 proteins showed a significant alteration during CV-A16 infection. These differentially regulated proteins were involved in fundamental biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolic processes, cytokine‒cytokine receptor interactions, B-cell receptor signaling pathways, and neuroactive ligand‒receptor interactions. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed the characteristics of the protein domains and subcellular localization of these differentially expressed proteins. Then, to validate the proteomics data, 3 randomly selected proteins exhibited consistent changes in protein expression with the TMT results using Western blotting and immunofluorescence methods. Finally, among these differentially regulated proteins, we primarily focused on HMGB1 based on its potential effects on viral replication and virus infection-induced inflammatory responses. It was demonstrated that overexpression of HMGB1 could decrease viral replication and upregulate the release of inflammatory cytokines, but deletion of HMGB1 increased viral replication and downregulated the release of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the results from this study have helped further elucidate the potential molecular pathogenesis of CV-A16 based on numerous protein changes and the functions of HMGB1 Found to be involved in the processes of viral replication and inflammatory response, which may facilitate the development of new antiviral therapies as well as innovative diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Mingmei Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Baojiang Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
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Shaffer JM, Jiou J, Tripathi K, Olaluwoye OS, Fung HYJ, Chook YM, D'Arcy S. Molecular basis of RanGTP-activated release of Histones H2A-H2B from Importin-9. Structure 2023; 31:903-911.e3. [PMID: 37379840 PMCID: PMC10527638 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Imp9 is the primary importin for shuttling H2A-H2B from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. It employs an unusual mechanism where the binding of RanGTP is insufficient to release H2A-H2B. The resulting stable RanGTP·Imp9·H2A-H2B complex gains nucleosome assembly activity with H2A-H2B able to be deposited into an assembling nucleosome in vitro. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX), we show that Imp9 stabilizes H2A-H2B beyond the direct-binding site, like other histone chaperones. HDX also shows that binding of RanGTP releases H2A-H2B contacts at Imp9 HEAT repeats 4-5, but not 18-19. DNA- and histone-binding surfaces of H2A-H2B are exposed in the ternary complex, facilitating nucleosome assembly. We also reveal that RanGTP has a weaker affinity for Imp9 when H2A-H2B is bound. Imp9 thus provides a connection between the nuclear import of H2A-H2B and its deposition into chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, USA
| | - Jenny Jiou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, USA
| | - Kiran Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, USA
| | - Oladimeji S Olaluwoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, USA
| | - Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, USA
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, USA
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, USA.
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Gonzalez A, Kim HJ, Freibaum BD, Fung HYJ, Brautigam CA, Taylor JP, Chook YM. A new Karyopherin-β2 binding PY-NLS epitope of HNRNPH2 linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Structure 2023; 31:924-934.e4. [PMID: 37279758 PMCID: PMC10524338 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The HNRNPH2 proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) is mutated in HNRNPH2-related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder, causing the normally nuclear HNRNPH2 to accumulate in the cytoplasm. We solved the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Karyopherin-β2/Transportin-1 bound to the HNRNPH2 PY-NLS to understand importin-NLS recognition and disruption in disease. HNRNPH2 206RPGPY210 is a typical R-X2-4-P-Y motif comprising PY-NLS epitopes 2 and 3, followed by an additional Karyopherin-β2-binding epitope, we term epitope 4, at residues 211DRP213; no density is present for PY-NLS epitope 1. Disease variant mutations at epitopes 2-4 impair Karyopherin-β2 binding and cause aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation in cells, emphasizing the role of nuclear import defect in disease. Sequence/structure analysis suggests that strong PY-NLS epitopes 4 are rare and thus far limited to close paralogs of HNRNPH2, HNRNPH1, and HNRNPF. Epitope 4-binidng hotspot Karyopherin-β2 W373 corresponds to close paralog Karyopherin-β2b/Transportin-2 W370, a pathological variant site in neurodevelopmental abnormalities, suggesting that Karyopherin-β2b/Transportin-2-HNRNPH2/H1/F interactions may be compromised in the abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brian D Freibaum
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Departments of Biophysics and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Jiou J, Shaffer JM, Bernades NE, Fung HYJ, Kikumoto Dias J, D’Arcy S, Chook YM. Mechanism of RanGTP priming H2A-H2B release from Kap114 in an atypical RanGTP•Kap114•H2A-H2B complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301199120. [PMID: 37450495 PMCID: PMC10629556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301199120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the nuclear import receptor Importin-9 wraps around the H2A-H2B core to chaperone and transport it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. However, unlike most nuclear import systems where RanGTP dissociates cargoes from their importins, RanGTP binds stably to the Importin-9•H2A-H2B complex, and formation of the ternary RanGTP•Importin-9•H2A-H2B complex facilitates H2A-H2B release to the assembling nucleosome. It was unclear how RanGTP and the cargo H2A-H2B can bind simultaneously to an importin, and how interactions of the three components position H2A-H2B for release. Here, we show cryo-EM structures of Importin-9•RanGTP and of its yeast homolog Kap114, including Kap114•RanGTP, Kap114•H2A-H2B, and RanGTP•Kap114•H2A-H2B, to explain how the conserved Kap114 binds H2A-H2B and RanGTP simultaneously and how the GTPase primes histone transfer to the nucleosome. In the ternary complex, RanGTP binds to the N-terminal repeats of Kap114 in the same manner as in the Kap114/Importin-9•RanGTP complex, and H2A-H2B binds via its acidic patch to the Kap114 C-terminal repeats much like in the Kap114/Importin-9•H2A-H2B complex. Ran binds to a different conformation of Kap114 in the ternary RanGTP•Kap114•H2A-H2B complex. Here, Kap114 no longer contacts the H2A-H2B surface proximal to the H2A docking domain that drives nucleosome assembly, positioning it for transfer to the assembling nucleosome or to dedicated H2A-H2B chaperones in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jiou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Joy M. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Natalia E. Bernades
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Juliana Kikumoto Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Sheena D’Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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Kim EY, Basit A, Kim WJ, Ko EB, Lee JH. Multi-functional regulation of cGAS by the nuclear localization signal2 (NLS2) motif: Nuclear localization, enzyme activity and protein degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:1-8. [PMID: 37352571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and activates the innate immune system, is mainly localized in the cytosol, but also shows nuclear localization. Here, we sought to determine the role of nuclear cGAS by mutating known nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs in cGAS and assessing its functionality by monitoring phosphorylation of the downstream target, interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3). Interestingly, NLS2-mutated cGAS failed to promote phosphorylation of IRF3, reflecting the loss of its ability to produce cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). We further found that insertion of an NLS from SV40 large T antigen could not restore this loss of activity, indicating that this loss was attributable to the mutation of NLS2 itself, but not dependent on the inability of cGAS to enter the nucleus. NLS2-mutant cGAS protein also showed decreased stability dependent on polyubiquitination, an effect that was independent of both its loss of catalytic function and its inability to enter into the nucleus. Collectively, these findings indicate that the NLS2 motif of cGAS is not only involved in regulating the subcellular localization of cGAS protein but also influences its stability and enzymatic activity through independent mechanisms, highlighting the novel roles of NLS2 in regulating the intracellular functions of cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Yun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
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Wu X, Hu JJ, Chen L, Chen Z, Wang T, Wu F, Dai J, Xia F, Lou X. Targeting Proteins in Nucleus through Dual-Regulatory Pathways Acting in Cytoplasm. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37289977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear proteins have been regarded as attractive targets for exploiting therapeutic agents. However, those agents cannot efficiently pass through nuclear pores and it is also difficult to overcome the crowded nuclear environment to react with proteins. Herein, we propose a novel strategy acting in the cytoplasm to regulate nuclear proteins based on their signaling pathways, instead of directly entering into nuclei. A multifunctional complex PKK-TTP/hs carries human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) small interfering RNA (defined as hs) for gene silencing in the cytoplasm, which reduced the import of nuclear protein. At the same time, it could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, which raised the export of nuclear proteins by promoting proteins translocation. Through this dual-regulatory pathway, we successfully reduced nuclear protein (hTERT proteins) in vivo (42.3%). This work bypasses the challenge of directly entering into the nucleus and provides an effective strategy for regulating nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Cheng W, Fukuda M, Kim S, Liu Y, Chen X, Holmes C, Li Y, Chung H, Ren Y, Guan J. Osmotically Rupturing Phagosomes in Macrophages Using PNIPAM Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24244-24256. [PMID: 37186785 PMCID: PMC10426762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of macrophage phagosomes has been implicated in various human diseases and plays a critical role in immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are complex and not yet fully understood. This study describes the development of a robust engineering method for rupturing phagosomes based on a well-defined mechanism. The method utilizes microfabricated microparticles composed of uncrosslinked linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as phagocytic objects. These microparticles are internalized into phagosomes at 37 °C. By exposing the cells to a cold shock at 0 °C, the vast majority of the microparticle-containing phagosomes rupture. The percentage of phagosomal rupture decreases with the increase of the cold-shock temperature. The osmotic pressure in the phagosomes and the tension in the phagosomal membrane are calculated using the Flory-Huggins theory and the Young-Laplace equation. The modeling results indicate that the osmotic pressure generated by dissolved microparticles is probably responsible for phagosomal rupture, are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of phagosomal rupture on the cold-shock temperature, and suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism for resisting phagosomal rupture. Moreover, the effects of various factors including hypotonic shock, chloroquine, tetrandrine, colchicine, and l-leucyl-l-leucine O-methyl ester (LLOMe) on phagosomal rupture have been studied with this method. The results further support that the osmotic pressure generated by the dissolved microparticles causes phagosomal rupture and demonstrated usefulness of this method for studying phagosomal rupture. This method can be further developed, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of phagosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Sundol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
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Gu J, Ye Y, Zheng ZW, Luo W, Gong YJ, Feng QL, Li S, Huang LH. Cytoplasmic Hsp70s promote EcR transport into the nucleus by responding to various stimuli. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103964. [PMID: 37230333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is one of the most important physiological processes in insects, which is coordinated by juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Ecdysone receptor (EcR) is a steroid receptor (SR), which usually presents in cytoplasm and transfers into nucleus after binding to 20E. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are suggested to be important members of the SR complex. However, their role in nucleocytoplasmic shuttle of the EcR remains unclear. In the present study, we found that apoptozole (Hsp70 inhibitor) suppressed the larval molting by decreasing the expression of ecdysone signaling genes. Two cytoplasmic (Cy) Hsp70s (Hsp72 and Hsp73) interacted with both EcR and ultraspiracle (USP, the heterodimer partner of EcR). By immunohistochemistry experiments, we revealed that CyHsp70 co-localized with EcR in the cytoplasm, and that both apoptozole and interfering of CyHsp70 significantly inhibited the process of EcR entering the nucleus under 20E induction, while reducing the expression of ecdysone signaling genes. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of EcR was also promoted by two other stimuli, including JH and heat stress, and this promotion was inhibited by apoptozole. This implies that various stimuli can induce EcR entry into the nucleus, and that this process is mediated by CyHsp70. Curiously, neither JH nor heat stress activated the ecdysone signaling genes; instead, they have a significant inhibitory effect on them. Taken together, it seems that Cytoplasmic Hsp70s promote EcR transport into the nucleus by responding to various stimuli, and that the biological effects of various stimuli passing through the EcR are different. Thus, our data provide a new viewpoint to understand the mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic shuttle of EcR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zi-Wen Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yan-Jun Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi-Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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40
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Li Z, Zou J, Chen X. In Response to Precision Medicine: Current Subcellular Targeting Strategies for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209529. [PMID: 36445169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Emerging as a potent anticancer treatment, subcellular targeted cancer therapy has drawn increasing attention, bringing great opportunities for clinical application. Here, two targeting strategies for four main subcellular organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus), including molecule- and nanomaterial (inorganic nanoparticles, micelles, organic polymers, and others)-based targeted delivery or therapeutic strategies, are summarized. Phototherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and "all-in-one" combination therapy are among the strategies covered in detail. Such materials are constructed based on the specific properties and relevant mechanisms of organelles, enabling the elimination of tumors by inducing dysfunction in the corresponding organelles or destroying specific structures. The challenges faced by organelle-targeting cancer therapies are also summarized. Looking forward, a paradigm for organelle-targeting therapy with enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to current clinical approaches is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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Matsuura Y, Miyawaki K. Structures of importin-α bound to the wild-type and an internal deletion mutant of the bipartite nuclear localization signal of HIF-1α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 652:1-5. [PMID: 36806083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that plays an important role as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. The activity of HIF-1 is regulated in part by dynamic intracellular trafficking of its α subunit (HIF-1α) that can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It has been shown that nuclear localization of HIF-1α requires a variant of classic nuclear localization signal (NLS) and that an internal deletion of the amino acid residues (residues 724-751) in the NLS almost abolish the nuclear localization. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the nuclear import adaptor importin-α1 bound to the wild-type HIF-1α NLS at 1.8 Å resolution and of importin-α1 bound to the Δ724-751 mutant of the HIF-1α NLS at 1.9 Å resolution. In the wild-type structure, two basic clusters in the HIF-1α NLS made extensive interactions with importin-α1 on two sites (the major site and the minor site). In the mutant structure, the NLS residues still interacted extensively with the major site on importin-α1, but the interactions with the minor site were not observed. The structural data, together with computational analyses of binding free energies, indicate that the loss of the minor-site interactions inhibit nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsuura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Miyawaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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Nie Y, Li Y, Liu M, Ma B, Sui X, Chen J, Yu Y, Dong CH. The nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 regulate nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNAs and participate in ethylene signaling and response in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:549-559. [PMID: 36598573 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis nucleoporin involved in the regulation of ethylene signaling via controlling of nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNAs. The two-way transport of mRNAs between the nucleus and cytoplasm are controlled by the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In higher plants, the NPC contains at least 30 nucleoporins. The Arabidopsis nucleoporins are involved in various biological processes such as pathogen interaction, nodulation, cold response, flowering, and hormone signaling. However, little is known about the regulatory functions of the nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 in ethylene signaling pathway. In the present study, we provided data showing that the Arabidopsis nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 participate in ethylene signaling-related mRNAs nucleocytoplasmic transport. The Arabidopsis nucleoporin mutants (nup160, nup96-1, nup96-2) exhibited enhanced ethylene sensitivity. Nuclear qRT-PCR analysis and poly(A)-mRNA in situ hybridization showed that the nucleoporin mutants affected the nucleocytoplasmic transport of all the examined mRNAs, including the ethylene signaling-related mRNAs such as ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, EIN4, CTR1, EIN2, and EIN3. Transcriptome analysis of the nucleoporin mutants provided clues suggesting that the nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 may participate in ethylene signaling via various molecular mechanisms. These observations significantly advance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of nucleoporin proteins in ethylene signaling and ethylene response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Menghui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Binran Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinying Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Ng SC, Biswas A, Huyton T, Schünemann J, Reber S, Görlich D. Barrier properties of Nup98 FG phases ruled by FG motif identity and inter-FG spacer length. Nat Commun 2023; 14:747. [PMID: 36765044 PMCID: PMC9918544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nup98 FG repeat domains comprise hydrophobic FG motifs linked through uncharged spacers. FG motifs capture nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) during nuclear pore complex (NPC) passage, confer inter-repeat cohesion, and condense the domains into a selective phase with NPC-typical barrier properties. We show that shortening inter-FG spacers enhances cohesion, increases phase density, and tightens such barrier - all consistent with a sieve-like phase. Phase separation tolerates mutating the Nup98-typical GLFG motifs, provided domain-hydrophobicity remains preserved. NTR-entry, however, is sensitive to (certain) deviations from canonical FG motifs, suggesting co-evolutionary adaptation. Unexpectedly, we observed that arginines promote FG-phase-entry apparently also by hydrophobic interactions/ hydrogen-bonding and not just through cation-π interactions. Although incompatible with NTR·cargo complexes, a YG phase displays remarkable transport selectivity, particularly for engineered GFPNTR-variants. GLFG to FSFG mutations make the FG phase hypercohesive, precluding NTR-entry. Extending spacers relaxes this hypercohesion. Thus, antagonism between cohesion and NTR·FG interactions is key to transport selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheung Chun Ng
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abin Biswas
- Quantitative Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biological Optomechanics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schünemann
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Reber
- Quantitative Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Aljabali AAA, Serrano-Aroca Á, Tambuwala MM. Ran GTPase and Its Importance in Cellular Signaling and Malignant Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043065. [PMID: 36834476 PMCID: PMC9968026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which primarily regulates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and mediates mitosis by regulating spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) reassembly. Therefore, Ran is an integral cell fate determinant. It has been demonstrated that aberrant Ran expression in cancer is a result of upstream dysregulation of the expression of various factors, such as osteopontin (OPN), and aberrant activation of various signaling pathways, including the extracellular-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MEK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways. In vitro, Ran overexpression has severe effects on the cell phenotype, altering proliferation, adhesion, colony density, and invasion. Therefore, Ran overexpression has been identified in numerous types of cancer and has been shown to correlate with tumor grade and the degree of metastasis present in various cancers. The increased malignancy and invasiveness have been attributed to multiple mechanisms. Increased dependence on Ran for spindle formation and mitosis is a consequence of the upregulation of these pathways and the ensuing overexpression of Ran, which increases cellular dependence on Ran for survival. This increases the sensitivity of cells to changes in Ran concentration, with ablation being associated with aneuploidy, cell cycle arrest, and ultimately, cell death. It has also been demonstrated that Ran dysregulation influences nucleocytoplasmic transport, leading to transcription factor misallocation. Consequently, patients with tumors that overexpress Ran have been shown to have a higher malignancy rate and a shorter survival time compared to their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
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Shaffer JM, Jiou J, Tripathi K, Olaluwoye OS, Fung HYJ, Chook YM, D’Arcy S. Molecular basis of RanGTP-activated nucleosome assembly with Histones H2A-H2B bound to Importin-9. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525896. [PMID: 36747879 PMCID: PMC9901172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Padavannil et al. 2019 show that Importin-9 (Imp9) transports Histones H2A-H2B from the cytoplasm to the nucleus using a non-canonical mechanism whereby binding of a GTP-bound Ran GTPase (RanGTP) fails to evict the H2A-H2B cargo. Instead, a stable complex forms, comprised of equimolar RanGTP, Imp9, and H2A-H2B. Unlike the binary Imp9•H2A-H2B complex, this RanGTP•Imp9•H2A-H2B ternary complex can release H2A-H2B to an assembling nucleosome. Here, we define the molecular basis for this RanGTP-activated nucleosome assembly by Imp9. We use hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry and compare the dynamics and interfaces of the RanGTP•Imp9•H2A-H2B ternary complex to those in the Imp9•H2A-H2B or Imp9•RanGTP binary complexes. Our data are consistent with the Imp9•H2A-H2B structure by Padavannil et al. 2019 showing that Imp9 HEAT repeats 4-5 and 18-19 contact H2A-H2B, as well as many homologous importin•RanGTP structures showing that importin HEAT repeats 1 and 3, and the h8 loop, contact RanGTP. We show that Imp9 stabilizes H2A-H2B beyond the direct binding site, similar to other histone chaperones. Importantly, we reveal that binding of RanGTP releases H2A-H2B interaction at Imp9 HEAT repeats 4-5, but not 18-19. This exposes DNA- and histone-binding surfaces of H2A-H2B, thereby facilitating nucleosome assembly. We also reveal that RanGTP has a weaker affinity for Imp9 when H2A-H2B is bound. This may ensure that H2A-H2B is only released in high RanGTP concentrations near chromatin. We delineate the molecular link between the nuclear import of H2A-H2B and its deposition into chromatin by Imp9. Significance Imp9 is the primary importin for shuttling H2A-H2B from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. It employs an unusual mechanism where the binding of RanGTP alone is insufficient to release H2A-H2B. The resulting stable RanGTP•Imp9•H2A-H2B complex gains nucleosome assembly activity as H2A-H2B can be deposited onto an assembling nucleosome. We show that H2A-H2B is allosterically stabilized via interactions with both N- and C-terminal portions of Imp9, reinforcing its chaperone-like behavior. RanGTP binding causes H2A-H2B release from the N-terminal portion of Imp9 only. The newly-exposed H2A-H2B surfaces can interact with DNA or H3-H4 in nucleosome assembly. Imp9 thus plays a multi-faceted role in histone import, storage, and deposition regulated by RanGTP, controlling histone supply in the nucleus and to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States, 75080
| | - Jenny Jiou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States, 75390
| | - Kiran Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States, 75080
| | - Oladimeji S. Olaluwoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States, 75080
| | - Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States, 75390
| | - Yuh Min Chook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States, 75390
| | - Sheena D’Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States, 75080
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Gonzalez A, Kim HJ, Freibaum BD, Joyce Fung HY, Brautigam CA, Taylor JP, Chook YM. A new Karyopherin-β2 binding PY-NLS epitope of HNRNPH2 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524964. [PMID: 36711837 PMCID: PMC9882364 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The normally nuclear HNRNPH2 is mutated in HNRNPH2 -related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder causing the protein to accumulate in the cytoplasm. Interactions of HNRNPH2 with its importin Karyopherin-β2 (Transportin-1) had not been studied. We present a structure that shows Karyopherin-β2 binding HNRNPH2 residues 204-215, a proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal or PY-NLS that contains a typical R-X 2-4 -P-Y motif, 206 RPGPY 210 , followed a new Karyopherin-β2 binding epitope at 211 DRP 213 that make many interactions with Karyopherin-β2 W373. Mutations at each of these sites decrease Karyopherin-β2 binding affinities by 70-100 fold, explaining aberrant accumulation in cells and emphasizing the role of nuclear import defects in the disease. Sequence/structure analysis suggests that the new epitope C-terminal of the PY-motif, which binds Karyopherin-β2 W373, is rare and thus far limited to close paralogs HNRNPH2, HNRNPH1 and HNRNPF. Karyopherin-β2 W373, a HNRNPH2-binding hotspot, corresponds to W370 of close paralog Transportin-2, a site of pathological variants in patients with neurodevelopmental abnormalities, suggesting that Transportin-2-HNRNPH2/H1/F interactions may be compromised in the abnormalities. Summary HNRNPH2 variants in HNRNPH2 -related X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder aberrantly accumulate in the cytoplasm. A structure of Karyopherin-β2•HNRNPH2 explains nuclear import defects of the variants, reveals a new NLS epitope that suggests mechanistic changes in pathological variants of Karyopherin-β2 paralog Transportin-2.
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Czigleczki J, de Resende Lara PT, Dudas B, Jang H, Perahia D, Nussinov R, Balog E. Small GTPase Ran: Depicting the nucleotide-specific conformational landscape of the functionally important C-terminus. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1111574. [PMID: 36726377 PMCID: PMC9885160 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran is the main regulator of the nucleo-cytoplasmic import and export through the nuclear pore complex. It functions as a molecular switch cycling between the GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active state. It consists of a globular (G) domain and a C-terminal region, which is bound to the G-domain in the inactive, GDP-bound states. Crystal structures of the GTP-bound active form complexed with Ran binding proteins (RanBP) show that the C-terminus undergoes a large conformational change, embracing Ran binding domains (RanBD). Whereas in the crystal structures of macromolecular complexes not containing RanBDs the structure of the C-terminal segment remains unresolved, indicating its large conformational flexibility. This movement could not have been followed either by experimental or simulation methods. Here, starting from the crystal structure of Ran in both GDP- and GTP-bound forms we show how rigid the C-terminal region in the inactive structure is during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Furthermore, we show how MD simulations of the active form are incapable of mapping the open conformations of the C-terminus. By using the MDeNM (Molecular Dynamics with excited Normal Modes) method, we were able to widely map the conformational surface of the C-terminus of Ran in the active GTP-bound form, which allows us to envisage how it can embrace RanBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Czigleczki
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Tulio de Resende Lara
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Balint Dudas
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Inserm U1268 MCTR, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS—Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Laboratoire et Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David Perahia
- Laboratoire et Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erika Balog
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Erika Balog,
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XPO1-Mediated EIF1AX Cytoplasmic Relocation Promotes Tumor Migration and Invasion in Endometrial Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1361135. [PMID: 36589683 PMCID: PMC9800903 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1361135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, X-linked (EIF1AX), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some cancers. However, the role of EIF1AX in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains unknown. We investigated the EIF1AX expression in EC patients and assessed its tumorigenesis-associated function and nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that the cytoplasmic EIF1AX expression showed a gradual increase when going from endometrium normal tissue, simple endometrial hyperplasia, complex endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial atypical hyperplasia to EC, while vice versa for the nuclear EIF1AX expression. In addition, the cytoplasmic EIF1AX expression was positively correlated with histologic type, high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, advanced FIGO stage, deeper infiltration, high Ki67 index, and shorter recurrence-free survival in EC patients. In vitro, short hairpin RNA-mediated EIF1AX depletion or SV40NLS-mediated EIF1AX import into the nucleus in multiple human EC cells potently suppressed cell migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and lung metastasis. Moreover, exportin 1 induced the transport of EIF1AX from the nucleus to the cytoplasm that could be inhibited by leptomycin B treatment or the mutation in the EIF1AX location sequence. These results demonstrate that cytoplasmic EIF1AX may play a key role in the incidence and promotion of EC, and thus, targeting EIF1AX or its nucleocytoplasmic transport process may offer an effective new therapeutic approach to EC.
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Muneshige K, Inahashi Y, Itakura M, Iwatsuki M, Hirose T, Inoue G, Takaso M, Sunazuka T, Ohashi Y, Ohta E, Uchida K. Jietacin Derivative Inhibits TNF-α-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokines Production via Suppression of the NF-κB Pathway in Synovial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010005. [PMID: 36678502 PMCID: PMC9862604 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial inflammation plays a central role in joint destruction and pain in osteoarthritis (OA). The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in the inflammatory process and is activated in OA. A previous study reported that a jietacin derivative (JD), (Z)-2-(8-oxodec-9-yn-1-yl)-1-vinyldiazene 1-oxide, suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in a range of cancer cell lines. However, the effect of JD in synovial cells and the exact mechanism of JD as an NF-κB inhibitor remain to be determined. We investigated the effect of JD on TNF-α-induced inflammatory reaction in a synovial cell line, SW982 and human primary synovial fibroblasts (hPSFs). Additionally, we examined phosphorylated levels of p65 and p38 and expression of importin α3 and β1 using Western blotting. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that JD suppressed TNF-α-induced differential expression: among 204 genes significantly differentially expressed between vehicle and TNF-α-stimulated SW982 (183 upregulated and 21 downregulated) (FC ≥ 2, Q < 0.05), expression of 130 upregulated genes, including inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL9, 10, 11), was decreased by JD treatment and that of 14 downregulated genes was increased. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were increased in the cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and rheumatoid arthritis. JD inhibited IL1B, IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and IL-6 and IL-8 protein production in both SW982 and hPSFs. JD also suppressed p65 phosphorylation in both SW982 and hPSFs. In contrast, JD did not alter p38 phosphorylation. JD may inhibit TNF-α-mediated inflammatory cytokine production via suppression of p65 phosphorylation in both SW982 and hPSFs. Our results suggest that JD may have therapeutic potential for OA due to its anti-inflammatory action through selective suppression of the NF-κB pathway on synovial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Muneshige
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuki Inahashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Minato-ku, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ohashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ohta
- Department of Immunology II, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0375, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Japan
- Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Nishikubo 500, Chigasaki 253-0083, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Dubey AK, Kumar P, Mandal D, Ravichandiran V, Singh SK. An introduction to dynamic nucleoporins in Leishmania species: Novel targets for tropical-therapeutics. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1176-1191. [PMID: 36457769 PMCID: PMC9606170 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ailment, leishmaniasis is still an incessant challenge in neglected tropical diseases and neglected infections of poverty worldwide. At present, the diagnosis and treatment to combat Leishmania tropical infections are not substantial remedies and require advanced & specific research. Therefore, there is a need for a potential novel target to overcome established medicament modalities' limitations in pathogenicity. In this review, we proposed a few ab initio findings in nucleoporins of nuclear pore complex in Leishmania sp. concerning other infectious protists. So, through structural analysis and dynamics studies, we hypothesize the nuclear pore molecular machinery & functionality. The gatekeepers Nups, export of mRNA, mitotic spindle formation are salient features in cellular mechanics and this is regulated by dynamic nucleoporins. Here, diverse studies suggest that Nup93/NIC96, Nup155/Nup144, Mlp1/Mlp2/Tpr of Leishmania Species can be a picked out marker for diagnostic, immune-modulation, and novel drug targets. In silico prediction of nucleoporin-functional interactors such as NUP54/57, RNA helicase, Ubiquitin-protein ligase, Exportin 1, putative T-lymphocyte triggering factor, and 9 uncharacterized proteins suggest few more noble targets. The novel drug targeting to importins/exportins of Leishmania sp. and defining mechanism of Leptomycin-B, SINE compounds, Curcumins, Selinexor can be an arc-light in therapeutics. The essence of the review in Leishmania's nucleoporins is to refocus our research on noble molecular targets for tropical therapeutics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-022-01515-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102 India
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Microbiology Department, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar 800007 India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102 India
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Singh
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Microbiology Department, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar 800007 India
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