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Zhu P, Li J, Yan F, Islam S, Lin X, Xu X. Allelic heterogeneity of TTNtv dilated cardiomyopathy can be modeled in adult zebrafish. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175501. [PMID: 38412038 PMCID: PMC11128207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Allelic heterogeneity (AH) has been noted in truncational TTN-associated (TTNtv-associated) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); i.e., mutations affecting A-band-encoding exons are pathogenic, but those affecting Z-disc-encoding exons are likely benign. The lack of an in vivo animal model that recapitulates AH hinders the deciphering of the underlying mechanism. Here, we explored zebrafish as a candidate vertebrate model by phenotyping a collection of zebrafish ttntv alleles. We noted that cardiac function and sarcomere structure were more severely disrupted in ttntv-A than in ttntv-Z homozygous embryos. Consistently, cardiomyopathy-like phenotypes were present in ttntv-A but not ttntv-Z adult heterozygous mutants. The phenotypes observed in ttntv-A alleles were recapitulated in null mutants with the full titin-encoding sequences removed. Defective autophagic flux, largely due to impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, was also noted only in ttntv-A but not in ttntv-Z models. Moreover, we found that genetic manipulation of ulk1a restored autophagy flux and rescued cardiac dysfunction in ttntv-A animals. Together, our findings presented adult zebrafish as an in vivo animal model for studying AH in TTNtv DCM, demonstrated TTN loss of function is sufficient to trigger ttntv DCM in zebrafish, and uncovered ulk1a as a potential therapeutic target gene for TTNtv DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feixiang Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Gao Y, Peng L, Zhao C. MYH7 in cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:393-417. [PMID: 37079208 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain gene 7 (MYH7), a sarcomeric gene encoding the myosin heavy chain (myosin-7), has attracted considerable interest as a result of its fundamental functions in cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction and numerous nucleotide variations of MYH7 are closely related to cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy. These disorders display significantly inter- and intra-familial variability, sometimes developing complex phenotypes, including both cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy. Here, we review the current understanding on MYH7 with the aim to better clarify how mutations in MYH7 affect the structure and physiologic function of sarcomere, thus resulting in cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle myopathy. Importantly, the latest advances on diagnosis, research models in vivo and in vitro and therapy for precise clinical application have made great progress and have epoch-making significance. All the great advance is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cuifen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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3
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Hilderink S, Schuldt M, Goebel M, Jansen VJ, Manders E, Moorman S, Dorsch LM, van Steenbeek FG, van der Velden J, Kuster DWD. Characterization of heterozygous and homozygous mouse models with the most common hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation MYBPC3 c.2373InsG in the Netherlands. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 185:65-76. [PMID: 37844837 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is frequently caused by mutations in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) encoding gene MYBPC3. In the Netherlands, approximately 25% of patients carry the MYBPC3c.2373InsG founder mutation. Most patients are heterozygous (MYBPC3+/InsG) and have highly variable phenotypic expression, whereas homozygous (MYBPC3InsG/InsG) patients have severe HCM at a young age. To improve understanding of disease progression and genotype-phenotype relationship based on the hallmarks of human HCM, we characterized mice with CRISPR/Cas9-induced heterozygous and homozygous mutations. At 18-28 weeks of age, we assessed the cardiac phenotype of Mybpc3+/InsG and Mybpc3InsG/InsG mice with echocardiography, and performed histological analyses. Cytoskeletal proteins and cardiomyocyte contractility of 3-4 week old and 18-28 week old Mybpc3c.2373InsG mice were compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Expectedly, knock-in of Mybpc3c.2373InsG resulted in the absence of cMyBP-C and our 18-28 week old homozygous Mybpc3c.2373InsG model developed cardiac hypertrophy and severe left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, whereas HCM was not evident in Mybpc3+/InsG mice. Mybpc3InsG/InsG cardiomyocytes also presented with slowed contraction-relaxation kinetics, to a greater extent in 18-28 week old mice, partially due to increased levels of detyrosinated tubulin and desmin, and reduced cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation. Impaired cardiomyocyte contraction-relaxation kinetics were successfully normalized in 18-28 week old Mybpc3InsG/InsG cardiomyocytes by combining detyrosination inhibitor parthenolide and β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. Both the 3-4 week old and 18-28 week old Mybpc3InsG/InsG models recapitulate HCM, with a severe phenotype present in the 18-28 week old model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hilderink
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Goebel
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentijn J Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy Manders
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Moorman
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Larissa M Dorsch
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, Arbustini E, Barriales-Villa R, Basso C, Bezzina CR, Biagini E, Blom NA, de Boer RA, De Winter T, Elliott PM, Flather M, Garcia-Pavia P, Haugaa KH, Ingles J, Jurcut RO, Klaassen S, Limongelli G, Loeys B, Mogensen J, Olivotto I, Pantazis A, Sharma S, Van Tintelen JP, Ware JS, Kaski JP. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3503-3626. [PMID: 37622657 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 246.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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5
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Koslow M, Mondaca-Ruff D, Xu X. Transcriptome studies of inherited dilated cardiomyopathies. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:312-322. [PMID: 36749382 PMCID: PMC10426000 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a group of heart muscle diseases that often lead to heart failure, with more than 50 causative genes have being linked to DCM. The heterogenous nature of the inherited DCMs suggest the need of precision medicine. Consistent with this emerging concept, transcriptome studies in human patients with DCM indicated distinct molecular signature for DCMs of different genetic etiology. To facilitate this line of research, we reviewed the status of transcriptome studies of inherited DCMs by focusing on three predominant DCM causative genes, TTN, LMNA, and BAG3. Besides studies in human patients, we summarized transcriptomic analysis of these inherited DCMs in a variety of model systems ranging from iPSCs to rodents and zebrafish. We concluded that the RNA-seq technology is a powerful genomic tool that has already led to the discovery of new modifying genes, signaling pathways, and related therapeutic avenues. We also pointed out that both temporal (different pathological stages) and spatial (different cell types) information need to be considered for future transcriptome studies. While an important bottle neck is the low throughput in experimentally testing differentially expressed genes, new technologies in efficient animal models such as zebrafish starts to be developed. It is anticipated that the RNA-seq technology will continue to uncover both unique and common pathological events, aiding the development of precision medicine for inherited DCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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6
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Dar MA, Arafah A, Bhat KA, Khan A, Khan MS, Ali A, Ahmad SM, Rashid SM, Rehman MU. Multiomics technologies: role in disease biomarker discoveries and therapeutics. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:76-96. [PMID: 35809340 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research has been revolutionized after the publication of the full human genome. This was the major landmark that paved the way for understanding the biological functions of different macro and micro molecules. With the advent of different high-throughput technologies, biomedical research was further revolutionized. These technologies constitute genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. Collectively, these high-throughputs are referred to as multi-omics technologies. In the biomedical field, these omics technologies act as efficient and effective tools for disease diagnosis, management, monitoring, treatment and discovery of certain novel disease biomarkers. Genotyping arrays and other transcriptomic studies have helped us to elucidate the gene expression patterns in different biological states, i.e. healthy and diseased states. Further omics technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics have an important role in predicting the role of different biological molecules in an organism. It is because of these high throughput omics technologies that we have been able to fully understand the role of different genes, proteins, metabolites and biological pathways in a diseased condition. To understand a complex biological process, it is important to apply an integrative approach that analyses the multi-omics data in order to highlight the possible interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their functions. Furthermore, these omics technologies offer an important opportunity to understand the information that underlies disease. In the current review, we will discuss the importance of omics technologies as promising tools to understand the role of different biomolecules in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. SUMMARY POINTS
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7
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Yan Y, Long T, Su Q, Wang Y, Chen K, Yang T, Zhao G, Ma Q, Hu X, Liu C, Liao X, Min W, Li S, Zhang D, Yang Y, Pu WT, Dong Y, Wang DZ, Chen Y, Huang ZP. Cardiac ISL1-Interacting Protein, a Cardioprotective Factor, Inhibits the Transition From Cardiac Hypertrophy to Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857049. [PMID: 35369338 PMCID: PMC8970336 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is characterized by the inability of the heart to pump effectively and generate proper blood circulation to meet the body’s needs; it is a devastating condition that affects more than 100 million people globally. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Previously, we identified a cardiomyocyte-enriched gene, CIP, which regulates cardiac homeostasis under pathological stimulation. Here, we show that the cardiac transcriptional factor GATA4 binds the promotor of CIP gene and regulates its expression. We further determined that both CIP mRNA and protein decrease in diseased human hearts. In a mouse model, induced cardiac-specific overexpression of CIP after the establishment of cardiac hypertrophy protects the heart by inhibiting disease progression toward heart failure. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the IGF, mTORC2 and TGFβ signaling pathways mediate the inhibitory function of CIP on pathologic cardiac remodeling. Our study demonstrates GATA4 as an upstream regulator of CIP gene expression in cardiomyocytes, as well as the clinical significance of CIP expression in human heart disease. More importantly, our investigation suggests CIP is a key regulator of the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. The ability of CIP to intervene in the onset of heart failure suggests a novel therapeutic avenue of investigation for the prevention of heart disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ken Chen
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiqun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyin Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxue Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Da-Zhi Wang,
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Yili Chen,
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Zhan-Peng Huang,
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8
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Comunale G, Susin FM, Mynard JP. Ventricular wall stress and wall shear stress homeostasis predicts cardiac remodeling during pregnancy: A modeling study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3536. [PMID: 34599558 PMCID: PMC9285413 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique and dynamic process characterized by significant changes in the maternal cardiovascular system that are required to satisfy the increased maternal and fetal metabolic demands. Profound structural and hemodynamic adaptations occur during healthy pregnancy that allows the mother to maintain healthy hemodynamics and provide an adequate uteroplacental blood circulation to ensure physiological fetal development. Investigating these adaptations is crucial for understanding the physiology of pregnancy and may provide important insights for the management of high-risk pregnancies. However, no previous modeling studies have investigated the maternal cardiac structural changes that occur during gestation. This study, therefore, had two aims. The first was to develop a lumped parameter model of the whole maternal circulation that is suitable for studying global hemodynamics and cardiac function at different stages of gestation. The second was to test the hypothesis that myofiber stress and wall shear stress homeostasis principles can be used to predict cardiac remodeling that occurs during normal pregnancy. Hemodynamics and cardiac variables predicted from simulations with and without controlled cardiac remodeling algorithms were compared and evaluated with reference clinical data. While both models reproduced the hemodynamic variations that arise in pregnancy, importantly, we show that the structural changes that occur with pregnancy could be predicted by assuming invariant homeostatic "target" values of myocardial wall stress and chamber wall shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Comunale
- Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Laboratory HER, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Heart ResearchMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Francesca M. Susin
- Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Laboratory HER, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jonathan P. Mynard
- Heart ResearchMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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9
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Bu H, Ding Y, Li J, Zhu P, Shih YH, Wang M, Zhang Y, Lin X, Xu X. Inhibition of mTOR or MAPK ameliorates vmhcl/myh7 cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154215. [PMID: 34935644 PMCID: PMC8783688 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) is a major causative gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the affected signaling pathways and therapeutics remain elusive. In this research, we identified ventricle myosin heavy chain like (vmhcl) as a zebrafish homolog of human MYH7, and we generated vmhcl frameshift mutants. We noted vmhcl-based embryonic cardiac dysfunction (VEC) in the vmhcl homozygous mutants and vmhcl-based adult cardiomyopathy (VAC) phenotypes in the vmhcl heterozygous mutants. Using the VEC model, we assessed 7 known cardiomyopathy signaling pathways pharmacologically and 11 candidate genes genetically via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology based on microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Both studies converged on therapeutic benefits of mTOR or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition of VEC. While mTOR inhibition rescued the enlarged nuclear size of cardiomyocytes, MAPK inhibition restored the prolonged cell shape in the VEC model. The therapeutic effects of mTOR and MAPK inhibition were later validated in the VAC model. Together, vmhcl/myh7 loss of function is sufficient to induce cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. The VEC and VAC models in zebrafish are amenable to both efficient genetic and chemical genetic tools, offering a rapid in vivo platform for discovering candidate signaling pathways of MYH7 cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yu-Huan Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Doran S, Arif M, Lam S, Bayraktar A, Turkez H, Uhlen M, Boren J, Mardinoglu A. Multi-omics approaches for revealing the complexity of cardiovascular disease. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab061. [PMID: 33725119 PMCID: PMC8425417 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can mainly be attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis and thrombosis, which induces organ damage that will result in end-organ dysfunction characterized by events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. It is also essential to consider other contributory factors to CVD, including cardiac remodelling caused by cardiomyopathies and co-morbidities with other diseases such as chronic kidney disease. Besides, there is a growing amount of evidence linking the gut microbiota to CVD through several metabolic pathways. Hence, it is of utmost importance to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these disease states to elucidate the development and progression of CVD. A wide array of systems biology approaches incorporating multi-omics data have emerged as an invaluable tool in establishing alterations in specific cell types and identifying modifications in signalling events that promote disease development. Here, we review recent studies that apply multi-omics approaches to further understand the underlying causes of CVD and provide possible treatment strategies by identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. We also discuss very recent advances in gut microbiota research with an emphasis on how diet and microbial composition can impact the development of CVD. Finally, we present various biological network analyses and other independent studies that have been employed for providing mechanistic explanation and developing treatment strategies for end-stage CVD, namely myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Doran
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulahad Bayraktar
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Zhang N, Ye F, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Xie C, Zheng H, Chen H, Chen J, Xie X. Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein contributes to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21488. [PMID: 33734499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902802rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) is a cardiac-specific stress-response protein which exerts diverse effects to modulate cardiac remodeling in response to pathological stimuli. We examined the role of CARP in postnatal cardiac development and function under basal conditions in mice. Transgenic mice that selectively overexpressed CARP in heart (CARP Tg) exhibited dilated cardiac chambers, impaired heart function, and cardiac fibrosis as assessed by echocardiography and histological staining. Furthermore, the mice had a shorter lifespan and reduced survival rate in response to ischemic acute myocardial infarction. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the overexpressed CARP protein was predominantly accumulated in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Microarray analysis revealed that the nuclear localization of CARP was associated with the suppression of calcium-handling proteins. In vitro experiments revealed that CARP overexpression resulted in decreased cell contraction and calcium transient. In post-mortem cardiac specimens from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and end-stage heart failure, CARP was significantly increased. Taken together, our data identified CARP as a crucial contributor in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure which was associated with its regulation of calcium-handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiming Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fang Y, Xu Y, Wang R, Hu L, Guo D, Xue F, Guo W, Zhang D, Hu J, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang M. Recent advances on the roles of LncRNAs in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12246-12257. [PMID: 32969576 PMCID: PMC7686979 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a main cause of mortality whose prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a variety of biological processes by modifying and regulating transcription of coding genes, directly binding to proteins and even coding proteins themselves. LncRNAs play key roles in the occurrence and development of myocardial infarction, heart failure, myocardial hypertrophy, arrhythmias and other pathological processes that significantly affect the prognosis and survival of patients with cardiovascular diseases. We here review the latest research on lncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases as a basis to formulate future research on prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wangang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Wang B, Wang J, Wang LF, Yang F, Xu L, Li WX, He Y, Zuo L, Yang QL, Shao H, Hu D, Liu LW. Genetic analysis of monoallelic double MYH7 mutations responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5229-5238. [PMID: 31638223 PMCID: PMC6854592 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) 7 (MYH7) is the dominant pathogenic gene that harbors mutations in 20–30% of cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution and type of genetic variations among Chinese HCM families. From 2013 to 2017, the clinical data of 387 HCM probands and their families were collected. Targeted exome-sequencing technology was used in all probands, and the selected mutations were subsequently verified by Sanger sequencing in the probands, family members and 300 healthy ethnic-matched volunteers. Three-dimensional models were created using Swiss-PdbViewer 4.1, and further genetic analyses were performed to determine sequence conservation and frequency of the mutations. Among the 5 probands with double MYH7 mutations, 4 carried compound heterozygous mutations, and 1 carried monoallelic double mutations (A934V and E1387K). Four family members of the proband with monoallelic double mutations had the same mutation as the proband. Echocardiography and 12-lead electrocardiography revealed abnormalities in the proband and 3 of the 4 carriers. The probands with compound heterozygous mutation had a higher left ventricular mass as revealed by echocardiography and higher QRS, SV1 and RV5+SV1 amplitudes than those with monoallelic double mutations (P<0.05). Simulation of the 3D structure of mutated proteins showed that the replacement of alanine by valine affected the flexibility of the MHC neck domain in case of the A934V mutation, whereas reactivity of the MHC rod domain was affected in the case of the E1387K mutation. In conclusion, we identified several novel HCM-causing MYH7 mutations. More importantly, this is the first study to report a rare HCM family with monoallelic double mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang He
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Li Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Saito H, Hayashi H, Ueda T, Mine T, Kumita SI. Changes in Aortic Wall Thickness at a Site of Entry Tear on Computed Tomography before Development of Acute Aortic Dissection. Ann Vasc Dis 2019; 12:379-384. [PMID: 31636750 PMCID: PMC6766757 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.19-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine if there are changes in the aortic wall before acute aortic dissection (AD) that can be observed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with AD who underwent CECT before developing AD were retrospectively identified and enrolled as the AD group. Twenty-five consecutive patients who underwent CECT and did not develop AD were enrolled as the control group. In the AD group, the site of entry tear was detected on CECT images; the aortic wall thickness at this site, defined as the dissection-related wall thickness (D-T), was then measured on CECT images acquired before AD. Moreover, the mean thickness of the ascending, thoracic descending, and abdominal aortic walls before AD was defined as the non-dissection-related wall thickness (non-D-T). In the control group, the aortic wall thickness was measured similarly and defined as the control wall thickness (C-T). The D-T, non-D-T, and C-T values were compared using one-way analysis of variance with the Games-Howell pairwise comparison test. Results: The D-T (2.17±0.75 mm) was significantly greater than the non-D-T (1.58±0.22 mm; P<.01) and C-T (1.53±0.15 mm; P<.01). Conclusion: The aortic wall may have become thicker prior to the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Saito
- Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Ueda
- Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mine
- Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Hata Y, Hirono K, Yamaguchi Y, Ichida F, Oku Y, Nishida N. Minimal inflammatory foci of unknown etiology may be a tentative sign of early stage inherited cardiomyopathy. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1281-1290. [PMID: 31024045 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although relatively uncommon, pathologists may encounter minimal inflammatory foci in the absence of typical structural heart disease; however, the clinicopathological significance of minimal inflammatory foci, including correlation with sudden unexpected death, is unexplored. From 1072 serial autopsy subjects, cases with unexplained minimal inflammatory foci, the extent of which was under 1% of the whole examined ventricle, were extracted to exclude cases with borderline/focal myocarditis resulting from local, systemic infection, or autoimmune mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis targeting viral genomes and heart disease-related genes using next generation sequencing were performed. We detected 10 cases with unexplained minimal inflammatory foci (five males, five females, aged 15-68 years). The cause and/or manner of death were sudden unexpected death (6 cases, 60%), sudden unexpected death with epilepsy (1 case, 10%), drowning in a hot bath (1 case, 10%), and suicide (2 cases, 20%). In none of these cases was pathogen-derived DNA or RNA detected. In 8 of the 10 cases (80%), 17 possible pathogenic genetic variants causative for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or dilated cardiomyopathy; DSP was the most frequently involved gene (three cases with two different variants), followed by LAMA4 and MYBPC3 (two cases, two variants for each gene), LDB3 (two cases, one variant), and the remaining 10 variants occurred in seven cases (DSC2, RYR2, SOS1, SCN5A, SGCD, LPL, PKP2, MYH11, GATA6, and DSG2). All mutations were missense mutations. DSP_Lys1581Glu and DSC2_p.Thr275Met were classified according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics consensus statement guidelines as pathogenic or likely pathogenic for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in three patients (30%). The remaining 15 variants were classified as potentially pathogenic variants. Unexplained minimal inflammatory foci may be an early sign of inherited cardiomyopathy, and such cases might already have arrhythmogenic potential that can lead to sudden unexpected death. Detection of minimal inflammatory foci by careful pathological examination may indicate the value of conducting comprehensive genetic analysis, even if significant structural abnormalities are not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Oku
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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16
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Dvornikov AV, Wang M, Yang J, Zhu P, Le T, Lin X, Cao H, Xu X. Phenotyping an adult zebrafish lamp2 cardiomyopathy model identifies mTOR inhibition as a candidate therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:199-208. [PMID: 31228518 PMCID: PMC6705397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish is an emerging vertebrate model for studying genetic basis of cardiomyopathies; but whether the simple fish heart can model essential features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remained unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive phenotyping of a lamp2 knockout (KO) mutant. LAMP2 encodes a lysosomal protein and is a causative gene of Danon disease that is characterized by HCM and massive autophagic vacuoles accumulation in the tissues. There is no effective therapy yet to treat this most lethal cardiomyopathy in the young. First, we did find the autophagic vacuoles accumulation in cardiac tissues from lamp2 KO. Next, through employing a set of emerging phenotyping tools, we revealed heart failure phenotypes in the lamp2 KO mutants, including decreased ventricular ejection fraction, reduced physical exercise capacity, blunted β-adrenergic contractile response, and enlarged atrium. We also noted changes of the following indices suggesting cardiac hypertrophic remodeling in lamp2 KO: a rounded heart shape, increased end-systolic ventricular volume and density of ventricular myocardium, elevated actomyosin activation kinetics together with increased maximal isometric tension at the level of cardiac myofibrils. Lastly, we assessed the function of lysosomal-localized mTOR on the lamp2-associated Danon disease. We found that haploinsufficiency of mtor was able to normalize some characteristics of the lamp2 KO, including ejection fraction, β-adrenergic response, and the actomyosin activation kinetics. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the inherited HCM in the adult zebrafish, which can be used to develop potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tai Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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17
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Colpaert RMW, Calore M. MicroRNAs in Cardiac Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070737. [PMID: 31323768 PMCID: PMC6678080 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery 20 years ago, microRNAs have been related to posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in major cardiac physiological and pathological processes. We know now that cardiac muscle phenotypes are tightly regulated by multiple noncoding RNA species to maintain cardiac homeostasis. Upon stress or various pathological conditions, this class of non-coding RNAs has been found to modulate different cardiac pathological conditions, such as contractility, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and inherited cardiomyopathies. This review summarizes and updates microRNAs playing a role in the different processes underlying the pathogenic phenotypes of cardiac muscle and highlights their potential role as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M W Colpaert
- IMAiA-Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Calore
- IMAiA-Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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18
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MiR-466h-5p induces expression of myocardin with complementary promoter sequences. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:187-193. [PMID: 31029421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies microRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. In these studies, miRNA regulates gene expression by repressing translation or directing sequence-specific degradation of complementary mRNA. Here, we reveal a new regulatory mechanism in the process of cardiac hypertrophy which miRNA may also regulate the promoter activity of target genes. In the course of the study, we find that miR-466h-5p regulates the occurrence of myocardial hypertrophy via myocardin and it can upregulate the expression of myocardin through directly binding to the promoter region of myocardin. Meanwhile, we also find that myocardin can reverse-activate miR-466h-5p expression through binding to the CarG box. Thus, miR-466h-5p and myocardin form a positive regulation loop in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings reveal a new mode by which miRNAs may regulate gene expression and may play a positive role in revealing the complete mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy.
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19
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Ahmad F, McNally EM, Ackerman MJ, Baty LC, Day SM, Kullo IJ, Madueme PC, Maron MS, Martinez MW, Salberg L, Taylor MR, Wilcox JE. Establishment of Specialized Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics Programs: Recognizing the Need and Meeting Standards: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:e000054. [DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular genetics is a rapidly evolving subspecialty within cardiovascular medicine, and its growth is attributed to advances in genome sequencing and genetic testing and the expanding understanding of the genetic basis of multiple cardiac conditions, including arrhythmias (channelopathies), heart failure (cardiomyopathies), lipid disorders, cardiac complications of neuromuscular conditions, and vascular disease, including aortopathies. There have also been great advances in clinical diagnostic methods, as well as in therapies to ameliorate symptoms, slow progression of disease, and mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes. Emerging challenges include interpretation of genetic test results and the evaluation, counseling, and management of genetically at-risk family members who have inherited pathogenic variants but do not yet manifest disease. With these advances and challenges, there is a need for specialized programs combining both cardiovascular medicine and genetics expertise. The integration of clinical cardiovascular findings, including those obtained from physical examination, imaging, and functional assessment, with genetic information allows for improved diagnosis, prognostication, and cascade family testing to identify and to manage risk, and in some cases to provide genotype-specific therapy. This emerging subspecialty may ultimately require a new cardiovascular subspecialist, the genetic cardiologist, equipped with these combined skills, to permit interpretation of genetic variation within the context of phenotype and to extend the utility of genetic testing. This scientific statement outlines current best practices for delivering cardiovascular genetic evaluation and care in both the pediatric and the adult settings, with a focus on team member expertise and conditions that most benefit from genetic evaluation.
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20
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Chen M, Jiang YF, Yang HJ, Zhang NN, Rui Q, Zhou YF. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Polymorphism (G-308A) and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2019; 60:656-664. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Department of Cardiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Wujiang, Medical School of Nantong University
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Hua-Jia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Qing Rui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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21
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Abstract
Heritable cardiomyopathies are a class of heart diseases caused by variations in a number of genetic loci. Genetic variants on one allele lead to either a degraded protein, which causes a haploinsufficiency of that protein, or a nonfunctioning protein that subverts the molecular system within which the protein works. Over years, both of these mechanisms eventually lead to diseased heart tissue and symptoms of a failing heart. Most cardiomyopathy treatments repurpose heart failure drugs to manage these symptoms and avoid adverse outcomes. There are few therapies that correct the underlying pathogenic genetic or molecular mechanism. This review will reflect on this unmet clinical need in genetic cardiomyopathies and consider a variety of therapies that address the mechanism of disease rather than patient symptoms. These therapies are genetic, targeting a defective gene or transcript, or ameliorating a genetic insufficiency. However, there are also a number of small molecules under exploration that modulate downstream faulty protein products affected in cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana G Repetti
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.N.T.)
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.N.T., C.E.S.)
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
| | - Christine E Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
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22
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Relevance of Titin Missense and Non-Frameshifting Insertions/Deletions Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4093. [PMID: 30858397 PMCID: PMC6412046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology have led to the identification of the giant sarcomere gene, titin (TTN), as a major human disease gene. Truncating variants of TTN (TTNtv) especially in the A-band region account for 20% of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases. Much attention has been focused on assessment and interpretation of TTNtv in human disease; however, missense and non-frameshifting insertions/deletions (NFS-INDELs) are difficult to assess and interpret in clinical diagnostic workflow. Targeted sequencing covering all exons of TTN was performed on a cohort of 530 primary DCM patients from three cardiogenetic centres across Europe. Using stringent bioinformatic filtering, twenty-nine and two rare TTN missense and NFS-INDELs variants predicted deleterious were identified in 6.98% and 0.38% of DCM patients, respectively. However, when compared with those identified in the largest available reference population database, no significant enrichment of such variants was identified in DCM patients. Moreover, DCM patients and reference individuals had comparable frequencies of splice-region missense variants with predicted splicing alteration. DCM patients and reference populations had comparable frequencies of rare predicted deleterious TTN missense variants including splice-region missense variants suggesting that these variants are not independently causative for DCM. Hence, these variants should be classified as likely benign in the clinical diagnostic workflow, although a modifier effect cannot be excluded at this stage.
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23
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Shukla SK, Rafiq K. Proteasome biology and therapeutics in cardiac diseases. Transl Res 2019; 205:64-76. [PMID: 30342797 PMCID: PMC6372329 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the major pathway for intracellular protein degradation in most organs, including the heart. UPS controls many fundamental biological processes such as cell cycle, cell division, immune responses, antigen presentation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. The UPS not only degrades substrates but also regulates activity of gene transcription at the post-transcription level. Emerging evidence suggests that impairment of UPS function is sufficient to cause a number of cardiac diseases, including heart failure, cardiomyopathies, hypertrophy, atrophy, ischemia-reperfusion, and atherosclerosis. Alterations in the expression of UPS components, changes in proteasomal peptidase activities and increased ubiquitinated and oxidized proteins have also been detected in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the pathophysiological role of the UPS in DCM has not been examined. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have proven highly valuable in assessing effects of various stressors on the UPS and, in some cases, suggesting a causal link between defective protein clearance and disease phenotypes in different cardiac diseases, including DCM. Translation of these findings to human disease can be greatly strengthened by corroboration of discoveries from experimental model systems using human heart tissue from well-defined patient populations. This review will summarize the general role of the UPS in different cardiac diseases, with major focus on DCM, and on recent advances in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Dvornikov AV, de Tombe PP, Xu X. Phenotyping cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:116-125. [PMID: 29884423 PMCID: PMC6269218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is usually manifested by increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, excessive contractility, and impaired relaxation. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) originates from insufficient sarcomere contractility and reduced cardiac pump function, subsequently resulting in heart failure. The zebrafish has emerged as a new model of human cardiomyopathy with high-throughput screening, which will facilitate the discovery of novel genetic factors and the development of new therapies. Given the small hearts of zebrafish, better phenotyping tools are needed to discern different types of cardiomyopathy, such as HCM and DCM. This article reviews the existing models of cardiomyopathy, available morphologic and functional methods, and current understanding of the different types of cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago, IL, USA; Magdi Yacoub Institute, Cardiac Biophysics Division, Harefield, UK; Imperial College, Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK; Freiburg University, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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25
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Translating emerging molecular genetic insights into clinical practice in inherited cardiomyopathies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:993-1024. [PMID: 30128729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are primarily genetic disorders of the myocardium associated with higher risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The evolving knowledge in genomic medicine during the last decade has reshaped our understanding of cardiomyopathies as diseases of multifactorial nature and complex pathophysiology. Genetic testing in cardiomyopathies has subsequently grown from primarily a research tool into an essential clinical evaluation piece with important clinical implications for patients and their families. The purpose of this review is to provide with a contemporary insight into the implications of genetic testing in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we summarize the contemporary knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations in inherited cardiomyopathies and highlight the recent significant achievements in the field of translational cardiovascular genetics.
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26
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Merlo M, Caiffa T, Gobbo M, Adamo L, Sinagra G. Reverse remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Insights and future perspectives. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2018; 18:52-57. [PMID: 29876504 PMCID: PMC5988485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been classically considered a progressive disease of the heart muscle that inexorably progresses towards refractory heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and heart transplant. However, the prognosis of DCM has significantly improved in the past few years, mostly as the result of successful therapy-induced reverse remodeling. Reverse remodeling is a complex process that involves not only the left ventricle, but also many other cardiac structures and it is now recognized both as a measure of therapeutic effectiveness and as an important prognostic tool. Nevertheless, several aspects of reverse remodeling remain unclear, including the best timing for its quantification, its predictors and its interaction with individual genetic backgrounds. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of reverse remodeling in patients with DCM and provide practical recommendations for the clinical management of this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Merlo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - T. Caiffa
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Gobbo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Adamo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G. Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
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27
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Sun X, Hota SK, Zhou YQ, Novak S, Miguel-Perez D, Christodoulou D, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Gregorio CC, Henkelman RM, Rossant J, Bruneau BG. Cardiac-enriched BAF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit Baf60c regulates gene expression programs essential for heart development and function. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio029512. [PMID: 29183906 PMCID: PMC5829499 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How chromatin-remodeling complexes modulate gene networks to control organ-specific properties is not well understood. For example, Baf60c (Smarcd3) encodes a cardiac-enriched subunit of the SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin complex, but its role in heart development is not fully understood. We found that constitutive loss of Baf60c leads to embryonic cardiac hypoplasia and pronounced cardiac dysfunction. Conditional deletion of Baf60c in cardiomyocytes resulted in postnatal dilated cardiomyopathy with impaired contractile function. Baf60c regulates a gene expression program that includes genes encoding contractile proteins, modulators of sarcomere function, and cardiac metabolic genes. Many of the genes deregulated in Baf60c null embryos are targets of the MEF2/SRF co-factor Myocardin (MYOCD). In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified MYOCD as a BAF60c interacting factor; we showed that BAF60c and MYOCD directly and functionally interact. We conclude that Baf60c is essential for coordinating a program of gene expression that regulates the fundamental functional properties of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- The Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Stefanie Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dario Miguel-Perez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- The Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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28
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Past, Present and Future. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6120118. [PMID: 29231893 PMCID: PMC5742807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy with a prevalence of 1 in 500 in the general population. Since the first pathological case series at post mortem in 1957, we have come a long way in its understanding, diagnosis and management. Here, we will describe the history of our understanding of HCM including the initial disease findings, diagnostic methods and treatment options. We will review the current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCM, current gaps in the evidence base and discuss the new and promising developments in this field.
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29
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Wang B, Guo RQ, Wang J, Yang F, Zuo L, Liu Y, Shao H, Ju Y, Sun C, Xu L, Zhang YM, Wang LF, Liu LW. The Cumulative Effects of the MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V Mutations in a Chinese Family with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 2017; 138:228-237. [PMID: 28866666 DOI: 10.1159/000478900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the pathogenesis of MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations in a Chinese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations of members of a Chinese family were followed by exon and boarding intron analyses of 96 genes in the proband using second-generation sequencing. We confirmed the mutations by bidirectional Sanger sequencing in the members and in 300 healthy controls. RESULTS We detected MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations in this family. The members with both mutations showed inverted T-waves and ST-segment depression in ECG recordings, severe left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in echocardiography, and myocardial fibrosis in CMR; subject II-11 did not show late gadolinium enhancement. Among those with only the MYH7-V878A mutation, subject III-7 showed abnormal ECG recordings, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, and subjects II-13 and III-15 showed some abnormal repolarization, borderline LV wall thickness, and normal CMR findings. Those with only the CACNA1C-A1594V mutation showed nearly normal readings in all examinations. The members with both mutations displayed more severe LV hypertrophy and elevated LV filling pressure than those with 1 or no mutation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of MYH7-V878A and CACNA1C-A1594V mutations may have a cumulative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Çağlayan AO, Sezer RG, Kaymakçalan H, Ulgen E, Yavuz T, Baranoski JF, Bozaykut A, Harmanci AS, Yalcin Y, Youngblood MW, Yasuno K, Bilgüvar K, Gunel M. ALPK3 gene mutation in a patient with congenital cardiomyopathy and dysmorphic features. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017. [PMID: 28630369 PMCID: PMC5593152 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiomyopathy is one of the most common inherited cardiac diseases and harbors significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Because of this, genetic testing has become standard in treatment of this disease group. Indeed, in recent years, next-generation DNA sequencing has found broad applications in medicine, both as a routine diagnostic tool for genetic disorders and as a high-throughput discovery tool for identifying novel disease-causing genes. We describe a male infant with primary dilated cardiomyopathy who was diagnosed using intrauterine echocardiography and found to progress to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after birth. This proband was born to a nonconsanguineous family with a past history of a male fetus that died because of cardiac abnormalities at 30 wk of gestation. Using whole-exome sequencing, a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.2018delC; p.Gln675SerfsX30) in ALPK3 was identified and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Heterozygous family members were normal with echocardiographic examination. To date, only two studies have reported homozygous pathogenic variants of ALPK3, with a total of seven affected individuals with cardiomyopathy from four unrelated consanguineous families. We include a discussion of the patient's phenotypic features and a review of relevant literature findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Okay Çağlayan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Rabia Gonul Sezer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Childrens' Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Hande Kaymakçalan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey
| | - Ege Ulgen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Taner Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Childrens' Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Abdulkadir Bozaykut
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Childrens' Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Akdes Serin Harmanci
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Yalim Yalcin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Kaya Bilgüvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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31
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Kumar A, Rani B, Sharma R, Kaur G, Prasad R, Bahl A, Khullar M. ACE2, CALM3 and TNNI3K polymorphisms as potential disease modifiers in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:167-174. [PMID: 28744816 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity seen in hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) suggests involvement of disease modifiers and environmental factors in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In the current study, we examined association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three candidate genes, ACE2 (rs6632677), TNNI3K (rs49812611) and CALM3 (rs13477425) with clinical phenotypes of HCM and DCM patients of North Indian ethnicity. Prevalence of ACE2 (7160726 C>G) variant genotypes (CG and GG) was significantly higher in DCM subjects as compared to controls. Prevalence of TNNI3K (3784 C>T) and CALM3 (-34T>A) variant homozygous genotype were significantly higher in HCM and DCM subjects as compared to controls. DCM patients with CT genotype showed significant decrease in LVEF as compared to CC genotype (p < 0.03). There was significant gene-gene interaction between these SNPs and three-way SNP combination of ACE2 C>G, TNN13K C>T, CALM3 A>T gene variants and was associated with high risk of HCM and DCM. Presence of ACE2 (7160726 C>G) and CALM3 (-34T>A) variant genotypes in HCM Patients with mutations (sarcomeric or non sarcomeric genes) was associated with increased mean septal thickness, further suggesting a role of these gene variants in modifying disease phenotype. Our results suggest that ACE2, TNNI3K and CALM3 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of HCM and DCM and may act as disease modifiers of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Lab No 2009, Research Block B, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Lab No 2009, Research Block B, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rishikesh Prasad
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Lab No 2009, Research Block B, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajay Bahl
- Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Lab No 2009, Research Block B, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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32
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Dal Ferro M, Stolfo D, Altinier A, Gigli M, Perrieri M, Ramani F, Barbati G, Pivetta A, Brun F, Monserrat L, Giacca M, Mestroni L, Merlo M, Sinagra G. Association between mutation status and left ventricular reverse remodelling in dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart 2017; 103:1704-1710. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-311017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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33
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Seyler C, Meder B, Weis T, Schwaneberg T, Weitmann K, Hoffmann W, Katus HA, Dösch A. TranslatiOnal Registry for CardiomyopatHies (TORCH) - rationale and first results. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4:209-215. [PMID: 28772045 PMCID: PMC5542726 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (CMPs) comprise heart muscle disorders of different causes with high variability in disease phenotypes and clinical progression. The lack of national structures for the efficient recruitment, clinical and molecular classification, and follow-up of patients with non-ischemic CMPs limit the thorough analysis of disease mechanisms and the evaluation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This paper describes a national, prospective, multicenter registry for patients with non-ischemic CMPs. The main objective of this registry is to create a central hub for clinical outcome studies, a joint resource for diagnostic and therapeutic trials, a common biomaterial bank, and a resource for detailed molecular analyses utilizing patients' biomaterials. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive characterization of the register population and patients' subgroups is planned. First analyses will include descriptive methods evaluating the distribution of outcome variables and possible risk factors followed by test statistics in a cross-sectional design. The aim of the current study is to recruit 2300 patients all over Germany. Eligible participants are patients with primary non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, including hereditary and inflammatory dilated CMP (DCM), left-ventricular noncompaction CMP (LVNC), hypertrophic CMP (HCM), arrhythmogenic right-ventricular CMP (ARVC), myocarditis, and amyloidosis. Of already recruited patients 70% are male and 30% female. With 56% of patients included, DCM is most common. CONCLUSION/OUTCOME The primary outcome is all-cause death. Key secondary endpoints are cardiovascular death, adequate ICD shock, survived sudden cardiac death, syncope, documented potentially life-threatening arrhythmia, cardiac transplantation, hospitalization due to worsening of heart failure (HF), and any non-elective cardiovascular hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seyler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Weis
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thea Schwaneberg
- Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dösch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhou X, Sun F, Luo S, Zhao W, Yang T, Zhang G, Gao M, Lu R, Shu Y, Mu W, Zhuang Y, Ding F, Xu C, Lu Y. Let-7a Is an Antihypertrophic Regulator in the Heart via Targeting Calmodulin. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:22-31. [PMID: 28123343 PMCID: PMC5264258 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as important regulator in a multiple of cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA let-7a has antihypertrophic effects in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were exposed to AngII for 36 h as a cellular model of hypertrophy; subcutaneous injection of AngII for 2 weeks was used to establish a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo study. Cell surface area (CSA) was measured by immunofluorescence cytochemistry; expression of hypertrophy-related genes ANP, BNP, β-MHC was detected by Real-time PCR; luciferase activity assay was performed to confirm the miRNA's binding site in the calmodulin (CaM) gene; CaM protein was detected by Western blot; the hypertrophy parameters were measured by echocardiographic assessment. Results: The expression of let-7a was decreased in AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of let-7a attenuated AngII-induced increase of cell surface area and repressed the increased mRNA levels of ANP, BNP and β-MHC. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that let-7a could bind to the 3'UTR of CaM 1 gene. Let-7a downregulated the expression of CaM protein. In vivo, let-7a produced inhibitory effects on cardiac hypertrophy, including the downregulation of cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes in mouse heart, the reduction of IVSD and LVPWD, the suppression of hypertrophy marker genes ANP, BNP, β-MHC mRNA level, and the downregulation of CaM protein level. Conclusions: let-7a possesses a prominent anti-hypertrophic property by targeting CaM genes. The findings provide new insight into molecular mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China.; Department of Cardiology (Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education), The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China.; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Shenjian Luo
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ti Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Guiye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Renzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - You Shu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China.; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
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Knight MB, Drew NK, McCarthy LA, Grosberg A. Emergent Global Contractile Force in Cardiac Tissues. Biophys J 2016; 110:1615-1624. [PMID: 27074686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ whose structure and function are intricately linked at multiple length scales. Although several advancements have been achieved in the field of cardiac tissue engineering, current in vitro cardiac tissues do not fully replicate the structure or function necessary for effective cardiac therapy and cardiotoxicity studies. This is partially due to a deficiency in current understandings of cardiac tissue organization's potential downstream effects, such as changes in gene expression levels. We developed a novel (to our knowledge) in vitro tool that can be used to decouple and quantify the contribution of organization and associated downstream effects to tissue function. To do so, cardiac tissue monolayers were designed into a parquet pattern to be organized anisotropically on a local scale, within a parquet tile, and with any desired organization on a global scale. We hypothesized that if the downstream effects were muted, the relationship between developed force and tissue organization could be modeled as a sum of force vectors. With the in vitro experimental platforms of parquet tissues and heart-on-a-chip devices, we were able to prove this hypothesis for both systolic and diastolic stresses. Thus, insight was gained into the relationship between the generated stress and global myofibril organization. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the developed quantitative tool could be used to estimate the changes in stress production due to downstream effects decoupled from tissue architecture. This has the potential to elucidate properties coupled to tissue architecture, which change force production and pumping function in the diseased heart or stem cell-derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Nancy K Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Linda A McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California.
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Ramratnam M, Salama G, Sharma RK, Wang DWR, Smith SH, Banerjee SK, Huang XN, Gifford LM, Pruce ML, Gabris BE, Saba S, Shroff SG, Ahmad F. Gene-Targeted Mice with the Human Troponin T R141W Mutation Develop Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Calcium Desensitization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167681. [PMID: 27936050 PMCID: PMC5147943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies of the mechanisms leading to hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been performed in reconstituted in vitro systems. Genetically engineered murine models offer the opportunity to dissect these mechanisms in vivo. We generated a gene-targeted knock-in murine model of the autosomal dominant Arg141Trp (R141W) mutation in Tnnt2, which was first described in a human family with DCM. Mice heterozygous for the mutation (Tnnt2R141W/+) recapitulated the human phenotype, developing left ventricular dilation and reduced contractility. There was a gene dosage effect, so that the phenotype in Tnnt2R141W/+mice was attenuated by transgenic overexpression of wildtype Tnnt2 mRNA transcript. Male mice exhibited poorer survival than females. Biomechanical studies on skinned fibers from Tnnt2R141W/+ hearts showed a significant decrease in pCa50 (-log[Ca2+] required for generation of 50% of maximal force) relative to wildtype hearts, indicating Ca2+ desensitization. Optical mapping studies of Langendorff-perfused Tnnt2R141W/+ hearts showed marked increases in diastolic and peak systolic intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), and prolonged systolic rise and diastolic fall of [Ca2+]i. Perfused Tnnt2R141W/+ hearts had slower intrinsic rates in sinus rhythm and reduced peak heart rates in response to isoproterenol. Tnnt2R141W/+ hearts exhibited a reduction in phosphorylated phospholamban relative to wildtype mice. However, crossing Tnnt2R141W/+ mice with phospholamban knockout (Pln-/-) mice, which exhibit increased Ca2+ transients and contractility, had no effect on the DCM phenotype. We conclude that the Tnnt2 R141W mutation causes a Ca2+ desensitization and mice adapt by increasing Ca2+-transient amplitudes, which impairs Ca2+ handling dynamics, metabolism and responses to β-adrenergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohun Ramratnam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States of America
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Guy Salama
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravi K. Sharma
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David Wen Rui Wang
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Xueyin N. Huang
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Gifford
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Michele L. Pruce
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Bethann E. Gabris
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Samir Saba
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sanjeev G. Shroff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Perry MD, Vandenberg JI. TECRL: connecting sequence to consequence for a new sudden cardiac death gene. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1364-1365. [PMID: 27784710 PMCID: PMC5167129 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden unexpected death of a child is a devastating event. One of the first questions a family will ask is “Why did this happen?” In some cases, the answer may become obvious during a postmortem examination, but in up to 40% of cases, the postmortem is negative (Bagnall et al, 2016). In the last 1–2 decades, an improved understanding of the genetic basis of the primary arrhythmia syndromes, the major cause of sudden unexplained death in children with structurally normal hearts, has greatly enhanced our ability to make a postmortem diagnosis (Van Norstrand & Ackerman, 2010). Establishing an accurate genetic diagnosis can not only answer the parents' question as to why did this happen to my child, but is invaluable for cascade screening of all family members to identify other individuals harbouring the same mutation and who therefore may be at risk of sudden cardiac death. However, even after screening for all of the established genes associated with primary arrhythmia syndromes, up to two thirds of unexplained cardiac deaths will remain unsolved. Such was the case for a family of Sudanese origin with a highly malignant form of exercise‐induced arrhythmias, originally reported by Bhuiyan et al (2007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Perry
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Drew NK, Johnsen NE, Core JQ, Grosberg A. Multiscale Characterization of Engineered Cardiac Tissue Architecture. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:2552972. [PMID: 27617880 PMCID: PMC6993780 DOI: 10.1115/1.4034656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In a properly contracting cardiac muscle, many different subcellular structures are organized into an intricate architecture. While it has been observed that this organization is altered in pathological conditions, the relationship between length-scales and architecture has not been properly explored. In this work, we utilize a variety of architecture metrics to quantify organization and consistency of single structures over multiple scales, from subcellular to tissue scale as well as correlation of organization of multiple structures. Specifically, as the best way to characterize cardiac tissues, we chose the orientational and co-orientational order parameters (COOPs). Similarly, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were selected for their consistent architectural behavior. The engineered cells and tissues were stained for four architectural structures: actin, tubulin, sarcomeric z-lines, and nuclei. We applied the orientational metrics to cardiac cells of various shapes, isotropic cardiac tissues, and anisotropic globally aligned tissues. With these novel tools, we discovered: (1) the relationship between cellular shape and consistency of self-assembly; (2) the length-scales at which unguided tissues self-organize; and (3) the correlation or lack thereof between organization of actin fibrils, sarcomeric z-lines, tubulin fibrils, and nuclei. All of these together elucidate some of the current mysteries in the relationship between force production and architecture, while raising more questions about the effect of guidance cues on self-assembly function. These types of metrics are the future of quantitative tissue engineering in cardiovascular biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Nicholas E Johnsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Jason Q Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
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Colak D, Alaiya AA, Kaya N, Muiya NP, AlHarazi O, Shinwari Z, Andres E, Dzimiri N. Integrated Left Ventricular Global Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling in Human End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162669. [PMID: 27711126 PMCID: PMC5053516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The disease pathways leading to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are still elusive. The present study investigated integrated global transcriptional and translational changes in human DCM for disease biomarker discovery. Methods We used identical myocardial tissues from five DCM hearts compared to five non-failing (NF) donor hearts for both transcriptome profiling using the ABI high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and proteome expression with One-Dimensional Nano Acquity liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry on the Synapt G2 system. Results We identified 1262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 269 proteins (DEPs) between DCM cases and healthy controls. Among the most significantly upregulated (>5-fold) proteins were GRK5, APOA2, IGHG3, ANXA6, HSP90AA1, and ATP5C1 (p< 0.01). On the other hand, the most significantly downregulated proteins were GSTM5, COX17, CAV1 and ANXA3. At least ten entities were concomitantly upregulated on the two analysis platforms: GOT1, ALDH4A1, PDHB, BDH1, SLC2A11, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, H2AFV, HSPA5 and NDUFV1. Gene ontology analyses of DEGs and DEPs revealed significant overlap with enrichment of genes/proteins related to metabolic process, biosynthetic process, cellular component organization, oxidative phosphorylation, alterations in glycolysis and ATP synthesis, Alzheimer’s disease, chemokine-mediated inflammation and cytokine signalling pathways. Conclusion The concomitant use of transcriptome and proteome expression to evaluate global changes in DCM has led to the identification of sixteen commonly altered entities as well as novel genes, proteins and pathways whose cardiac functions have yet to be deciphered. This data should contribute towards better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Colak
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele A. Alaiya
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nzioka P. Muiya
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfat AlHarazi
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Editha Andres
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Cole LA, Dennis JH, Chase PB. Commentary: Epigenetic Regulation of Phosphodiesterases 2A and 3A Underlies Compromised β-Adrenergic Signaling in an iPSC Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:418. [PMID: 27721795 PMCID: PMC5033966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Cole
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan H Dennis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
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41
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Depletion of Kindlin-2 induces cardiac dysfunction in mice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1123-1130. [PMID: 27722852 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kindlin-2, a member of the Kindlin family focal adhesion proteins, plays an important role in cardiac development. It is known that defects in the Z-disc proteins lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our previous investigation showed that Kindlin-2 is mainly localized at the Z-disc and depletion of Kindlin-2 disrupts the structure of the Z-Disc. Here, we reported that depletion of Kindlin-2 leads to the disordered myocardial fibers, fractured and vacuolar degeneration in myocardial fibers. Interestingly, depletion of Kindlin-2 in mice induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and increased the heart weight. Furthermore, decreased expression of Kindlin-2 led to cardiac dysfunction and also markedly impairs systolic function. Our data indicated that Kindlin-2 not only maintains the cardiac structure but also is required for cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- From Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.S.V.); Evans Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (R.S.V.); and Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.).
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA (C.A.M.); National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.S.V.); Evans Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, MA (R.S.V.); and Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
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Peyrou J, Réant P, Reynaud A, Cornolle C, Dijos M, Rooryck-Thambo C, Landelle M, Montaudon M, Laurent F, Roudaut R, Lafitte S. Morphological and functional abnormalities pattern in hypertrophy-free HCM mutation carriers detected with echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32:1379-1389. [PMID: 27324645 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate if morphological or functional abnormalities could be detected with echocardiography in hypertrophic myocardiopathy (HCM) mutation carriers without left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy has developed. HCM is caused by extensive genes mutations found in two-third of patients. Because screening for carriership of a large population is unreasonable, identification of asymptomatic subjects is confined to the use of imaging such as echocardiography, by which subtle abnormalities can be detected. Comprehensive echocardiographic studies including morphological and functional assessment were performed. Asymptomatic HCM mutation carriers without hypertrophy (Phe-/Gen+, n = 14), and HCM patients (Phe+/Gen+, n = 17) were compared with healthy control subjects (n = 32) in a prospective design. Compared to controls, septum thickness was significantly higher with an elongated mitral valve in both groups. Thickened LV muscular band (LVMB) are more likely found in Phe-/Gen+ and Phe+/Gen+. The thickness of LVMB was higher in the Phe-/Gen+ versus controls. A LVMB thickness ≥3.6 mm was associated with HCM mutation carriership (sensitivity: 76.9 %, specificity: 94.1 %). The regional strain was significantly impaired in the basal segments of the septum in the Phe-/Gen+. The GLS was significantly impaired in the Phe+/Gen+ (-16.4 % ± 2.9 vs. -21.4 % ± 2.3 in control subjects, p = 0.01). Mitral A wave velocity, septal E/e', averaged E/e' were increased in both groups. E/A ratio was significantly lower in Phe+/Gen+. Morphological and functional abnormalities in hypertrophy-free HCM mutation carriers could be detected with echocardiography. Anomalous thickened LVMB could be representing a morphological marker for the HCM disease without overt hypertrophy has developed or in patients with an ambiguous diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Peyrou
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Patricia Réant
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Reynaud
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Claire Cornolle
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Marina Dijos
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck-Thambo
- Department of Molecular Genetic, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Landelle
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Michel Montaudon
- Department of Radiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - François Laurent
- Department of Radiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Raymond Roudaut
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Lafitte
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
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Achal M, Trujillo AS, Melkani GC, Farman GP, Ocorr K, Viswanathan MC, Kaushik G, Newhard CS, Glasheen BM, Melkani A, Suggs JA, Moore JR, Swank DM, Bodmer R, Cammarato A, Bernstein SI. A Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Mutation in an Invariant Proline at the Myosin Head/Rod Junction Enhances Head Flexibility and Function, Yielding Muscle Defects in Drosophila. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:2446-2461. [PMID: 27107639 PMCID: PMC4884507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An "invariant proline" separates the myosin S1 head from its S2 tail and is proposed to be critical for orienting S1 during its interaction with actin, a process that leads to muscle contraction. Mutation of the invariant proline to leucine (P838L) caused dominant restrictive cardiomyopathy in a pediatric patient (Karam et al., Congenit. Heart Dis. 3:138-43, 2008). Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster to model this mutation and dissect its effects on the biochemical and biophysical properties of myosin, as well as on the structure and physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscles. P838L mutant myosin isolated from indirect flight muscles of transgenic Drosophila showed elevated ATPase and actin sliding velocity in vitro. Furthermore, the mutant heads exhibited increased rotational flexibility, and there was an increase in the average angle between the two heads. Indirect flight muscle myofibril assembly was minimally affected in mutant homozygotes, and isolated fibers displayed normal mechanical properties. However, myofibrils degraded during aging, correlating with reduced flight abilities. In contrast, hearts from homozygotes and heterozygotes showed normal morphology, myofibrillar arrays, and contractile parameters. When P838L was placed in trans to Mhc(5), an allele known to cause cardiac restriction in flies, it did not yield the constricted phenotype. Overall, our studies suggest that increased rotational flexibility of myosin S1 enhances myosin ATPase and actin sliding. Moreover, instability of P838L myofibrils leads to decreased function during aging of Drosophila skeletal muscle, but not cardiac muscle, despite the strong evolutionary conservation of the P838 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Achal
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Adriana S Trujillo
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Gerrie P Farman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meera C Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher S Newhard
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Bernadette M Glasheen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Anju Melkani
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Jennifer A Suggs
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Douglas M Swank
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sanford I Bernstein
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA.
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45
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Ikeda Y. Aortic Aneurysm: Etiopathogenesis and Clinicopathologic Correlations. Ann Vasc Dis 2016; 9:73-9. [PMID: 27375798 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.16-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is one of the life-threatening aortic diseases, leading to aortic rupture of any cause including atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic diseases. AA is diagnosed in a variable proportion of patients with dilated aorta by imaging modality. The etiopathogenesis of AA remains unclear in many aortic diseases. Furthermore, although it may be difficult to explain all phenotypes of patients even if genetic mutation could be identified in some proteins such as smooth muscle cell α-actin (ACTA2), myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) or SMAD3, individualized consideration of these factors in each patient is essential on the basis of clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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46
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Akinrinade O, Alastalo TP, Koskenvuo J. Relevance of truncating titin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Genet 2016; 90:49-54. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Akinrinade
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - T.-P. Alastalo
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Blueprint Genetics; Helsinki Finland
| | - J.W. Koskenvuo
- Blueprint Genetics; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center; Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Yang J, Shah S, Olson TM, Xu X. Modeling GATAD1-Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Adult Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3. [PMID: 28955713 PMCID: PMC5611887 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have played a critical role in validating human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) genes, particularly those that implicate novel mechanisms for heart failure. However, the disease phenotype may be delayed due to age-dependent penetrance. For this reason, we generated an adult zebrafish model, which is a simpler vertebrate model with higher throughput than rodents. Specifically, we studied the zebrafish homologue of GATAD1, a recently identified gene for adult-onset autosomal recessive DCM. We showed cardiac expression of gatad1 transcripts, by whole mount in situ hybridization in zebrafish embryos, and demonstrated nuclear and sarcomeric I-band subcellular localization of Gatad1 protein in cardiomyocytes, by injecting a Tol2 plasmid encoding fluorescently-tagged Gatad1. We next generated gatad1 knock-out fish lines by TALEN technology and a transgenic fish line that expresses the human DCM GATAD1-S102P mutation in cardiomyocytes. Under stress conditions, longitudinal studies uncovered heart failure (HF)-like phenotypes in stable KO mutants and a tendency toward HF phenotypes in transgenic lines. Based on these efforts of studying a gene-based inherited cardiomyopathy model, we discuss the strengths and bottlenecks of adult zebrafish as a new vertebrate model for assessing candidate cardiomyopathy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sahrish Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Timothy M. Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-284-0685; Fax: +1-507-538-6418
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48
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Koczor CA, Ludlow I, Fields E, Jiao Z, Ludaway T, Russ R, Lewis W. Mitochondrial polymerase gamma dysfunction and aging cause cardiac nuclear DNA methylation changes. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:274-80. [PMID: 26757797 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00099.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CM) is an intrinsic weakening of myocardium with contractile dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF has been postulated to result from decreased mitochondrial energy production and oxidative stress. Effects of decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption also can accelerate with aging. We previously showed DNA methylation changes in human hearts with CM. This was associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion, being another molecular marker of CM. We examined the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac epigenetic DNA methylation changes in both young and old mice. We used genetically engineered C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for a cardiac-specific mutant of the mitochondrial polymerase-γ (termed Y955C). Y955C mice undergo left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at a young age (∼ 94 days old), and LVH decompensated to CHF at old age (∼ 255 days old). Results found 95 genes differentially expressed as a result of Y955C expression, while 4,452 genes were differentially expressed as a result of aging hearts. Moreover, cardiac DNA methylation patterns differed between Y955C (4,506 peaks with 68.5% hypomethylation) and aged hearts (73,286 peaks with 80.2% hypomethylated). Correlatively, of the 95 Y955C-dependent differentially expressed genes, 30 genes (31.6%) also displayed differential DNA methylation; in the 4,452 age-dependent differentially expressed genes, 342 genes (7.7%) displayed associated DNA methylation changes. Both Y955C and aging demonstrated significant enrichment of CACGTG-associated E-box motifs in differentially methylated regions. Cardiac mitochondrial polymerase dysfunction alters nuclear DNA methylation. Furthermore, aging causes a robust change in cardiac DNA methylation that is partially associated with mitochondrial polymerase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Ludlow
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Earl Fields
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhe Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tomika Ludaway
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rodney Russ
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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49
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Palmitoyl acyltransferase Aph2 in cardiac function and the development of cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15666-71. [PMID: 26644582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518368112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation regulates many aspects of cell function and is carried out by acyl transferases that contain zf-DHHC motifs. The in vivo physiological function of protein palmitoylation is largely unknown. Here we generated mice deficient in the acyl transferase Aph2 (Ablphilin 2 or zf-DHHC16) and demonstrated an essential role for Aph2 in embryonic/postnatal survival, eye development, and heart development. Aph2(-/-) embryos and pups showed cardiomyopathy and cardiac defects including bradycardia. We identified phospholamban, a protein often associated with human cardiomyopathy, as an interacting partner and a substrate of Aph2. Aph2-mediated palmitoylation of phospholamban on cysteine 36 differentially alters its interaction with PKA and protein phosphatase 1 α, augmenting serine 16 phosphorylation, and regulates phospholamban pentamer formation. Aph2 deficiency results in phospholamban hypophosphorylation, a hyperinhibitory form. Ablation of phospholamban in Aph2(-/-) mice histologically and functionally alleviated the heart defects. These findings establish Aph2 as a critical in vivo regulator of cardiac function and reveal roles for protein palmitoylation in the development of other organs including eyes.
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50
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Warren CM, Karam CN, Wolska BM, Kobayashi T, de Tombe PP, Arteaga GM, Bos JM, Ackerman MJ, Solaro RJ. Green Tea Catechin Normalizes the Enhanced Ca2+ Sensitivity of Myofilaments Regulated by a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Associated Mutation in Human Cardiac Troponin I (K206I). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:765-73. [PMID: 26553696 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease characterized by thickening of ventricular walls and decreased left ventricular chamber volume. The majority of HCM-associated mutations are found in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Herein, we set out to functionally characterize a novel HCM-associated mutation (K206I-TNNI3) and elucidate the mechanism of dysfunction at the level of myofilament proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS The male index case was diagnosed with HCM after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, which was followed by comprehensive clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography, and clinical genetic testing. To determine molecular mechanism(s) of the mutant human cardiac troponin I (K206I), we tested the Ca(2+) dependence of thin filament-activated myosin-S1-ATPase activity in a reconstituted, regulated, actomyosin system comparing wild-type human troponin complex, 50% mix of K206I/wildtype, or 100% K206I. We also exchanged native troponin detergent extracted fibers with reconstituted troponin containing either wildtype or a 65% mix of K206I/wildtype and measured force generation. The Ca(2+) sensitivity of the myofilaments containing the K206I variant was significantly increased, and when treated with 20 µmol/L (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) was restored back to wild-type levels in ATPase and force measurements. The K206I mutation impairs the ability of the troponin I to inhibit ATPase activity in the absence of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C. The ability of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C to neutralize the inhibition of K206I was greater than with wild-type TnI. CONCLUSIONS Compromised interactions of K206I with actin and hcTnC may lead to impaired relaxation and HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Warren
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chehade N Karam
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Beata M Wolska
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tomoyoshi Kobayashi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Grace M Arteaga
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J Martijn Bos
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R John Solaro
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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