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Tousinas G, Emmanuel AO, Tracy M, Arnovitz S, Friedman D, Papamarcaki T, Gounari F. Stabilization of β-Catenin Directs HEB to Limit Thymic Selection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:641-650. [PMID: 38958395 PMCID: PMC11333165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Activation of β-catenin in CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes halts development before the thymic selection stage and predisposes to transformation. Leukemogenesis, but not the developmental block, depends on TCF-1, β-catenin's DNA-binding partner. In this study, we show that β-catenin activation directs the DNA-binding protein HEB to block DP thymocyte development. Conditional loss of HEB in DP thymocytes with stabilized β-catenin restores the frequencies of postselection TCRβhi/CCR7+ and TCRβhi/CD69+ DPs and their cell-cycle profile. This recovery is associated with significant reversal of β-catenin-induced expression changes, particularly those related to the CD69+ DP cell signature and to cell-cycle pathways. Stabilizing β-catenin in DP thymocytes directs HEB binding to ≈11,000 novel DNA sites throughout the genome. Novel HEB sites mark most CD69+ DP cell signature genes that change expression upon activation of β-catenin and then revert after loss of HEB. Moreover, many of the novel HEB sites occupy promoter regions of genes enriched in mitotic cell cycle pathways. HEB binding to those regions correlates with downregulation of the associated genes, and HEB inactivation restores expression to physiologic levels. These findings highlight a molecular interplay between HEB and β-catenin that can impair thymic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tousinas
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Stephen Arnovitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - David Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Thomais Papamarcaki
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotini Gounari
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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2
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Yang M, Tang Y, Zhu P, Lu H, Wan X, Guo Q, Xiao L, Liu C, Guo L, Liu W, Yang Y. The advances of E2A-PBX1 fusion in B-cell acute lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:3385-3398. [PMID: 38148344 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The E2A-PBX1 gene fusion is a common translocation in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Patients harbouring the E2A-PBX1 fusion gene typically exhibit an intermediate prognosis. Furthermore, minimal residual disease has unsatisfactory prognostic value in E2A-PBX1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. However, the mechanism of E2A-PBX1 in the occurrence and progression of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is not well understood. Here, we mainly review the roles of E2A and PBX1 in the differentiation and development of B lymphocytes, the mechanism of E2A-PBX1 gene fusion in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and the potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yang
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhui Tang
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiquan Lu
- The Second Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wan
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - You Yang
- Department of Paediatrics (Children Haematological Oncology), Birth Defects and Childhood Haematological Oncology Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Paediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- The Second Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Zhou W, Deng X, Wang B, Yuan Y, Ma J, Meng X. HTF4 modulates the transcription of GID2 to promote the malignant biological behavior of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2024:S1424-3903(24)00706-3. [PMID: 39216997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helix-loop-helix transcription factor 4 (HTF4) as an anti-cancer target has been reported in many human cancers, but limited data exists regarding the effect of HTF4 in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of HTF4 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression levels of HTF4 in clinical pancreatic cancer samples were measured. HTF4 was knocked down or overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells and was subsequently tested for bio-function using in vitro assays and in vivo. The regulation of HTF4 on GID2 was assessed via bioinformatic tools and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found that HTF4 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlated with poor patient prognosis. In addition, knocking down HTF4 expression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas HTF4 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Moreover, HTF4 promoted tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Further, HTF4 bound to the GID2 promoter region and promoted transcriptional activation of GID2 in pancreatic cancer cells. GID2 knockdown suppressed HTF4-induced malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the HTF4/GID2 axis accelerates the progression of pancreatic cancer, providing a potential therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Tiniakou I, Hsu PF, Lopez-Zepeda LS, Garipler G, Esteva E, Adams NM, Jang G, Soni C, Lau CM, Liu F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Rodrick TC, Jones D, Tsirigos A, Ohler U, Bedford MT, Nimer SD, Kaartinen V, Mazzoni EO, Reizis B. Genome-wide screening identifies Trim33 as an essential regulator of dendritic cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi1023. [PMID: 38608038 PMCID: PMC11182672 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of dendritic cells (DCs), including antigen-presenting conventional DCs (cDCs) and cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), is controlled by the growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and its receptor Flt3. We genetically dissected Flt3L-driven DC differentiation using CRISPR-Cas9-based screening. Genome-wide screening identified multiple regulators of DC differentiation including subunits of TSC and GATOR1 complexes, which restricted progenitor growth but enabled DC differentiation by inhibiting mTOR signaling. An orthogonal screen identified the transcriptional repressor Trim33 (TIF-1γ) as a regulator of DC differentiation. Conditional targeting in vivo revealed an essential role of Trim33 in the development of all DCs, but not of monocytes or granulocytes. In particular, deletion of Trim33 caused rapid loss of DC progenitors, pDCs, and the cross-presenting cDC1 subset. Trim33-deficient Flt3+ progenitors up-regulated pro-inflammatory and macrophage-specific genes but failed to induce the DC differentiation program. Collectively, these data elucidate mechanisms that control Flt3L-driven differentiation of the entire DC lineage and identify Trim33 as its essential regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tiniakou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Feng Hsu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorena S. Lopez-Zepeda
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Görkem Garipler
- Department of Biology, New York University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M. Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tori C. Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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5
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Zheng H, Fang J, Lu W, Liu Y, Chen S, Huang G, Zou Y, Hu S, Zheng Y, Fang H, Zhang R. TCF12 regulates the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway to accelerate the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting CXCR4. J Orthop Translat 2024; 44:35-46. [PMID: 38235367 PMCID: PMC10792168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA), which involves total joint damage and dysfunction, is a leading cause of disability worldwide. However, its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we identified TCF12 as an important regulator of the progression of OA. Methods qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression level of TCF12. The interaction of TCF12 with its downstream factor CXCR4 was assessed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and luciferase assays. A mouse model was generated to examine the functions and mechanism of TCF12 in vivo. Result TCF12 expression was upregulated in chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. TCF12 upregulates the expression of CXCR4 and leads to dysfunction of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of TCF12 alleviated cartilage damage in a mouse model generated by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Conclusion TCF12 aggravates the progression of OA by targeting CXCR4 and then activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, suggesting that TCF12 may be a new target for the treatment of OA. The translational potential of this article Transcription Factor 12(TCF12), is known to regulate cell development and differentiation, It has been widely studied in various organs and diseases, but its role in OA remains unclear. Here, we identified Transcription Factor 12(TCF12) as an important regulator mediating chondrocyte senescence and cartilage extracellular matrix degradation indicating its role in OA. We found that TCF12 expression was upregulated both locally and systemically as OA advanced in patients with OA, and in mice after DMM surgery to induce OA. TCF12 expression caused striking progressive articular cartilage damage, synovial hyperplasia in OA mice, and remarkably, it was relieved by intra-articular administration of mutant mouse TCF12 lentiviral vector (shTCF12). Furthermore, TCF12 upregulated the expression of CXCR4, leading to exacerbation of experimental OA partially through activation of TGF-β signaling in chondrocytes. TCF12 expression was upregulated in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Our findings established an essential role of TCF12 in chondrocyte senescence and cartilage extracellular matrix degradation during OA, and identified intra-articular injection of TCF12 as a potential therapeutic strategy for OA prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianli Fang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youhui Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxin Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxu Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Fang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases, China
- Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Linzhi People's Hospital, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
- The Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jang SI, Lee HK, Chang EJ, Kim S, Kim SY, Hong IY, Kim JK, Lee HS, Yang J, Cho JH, Lee DK. Improved predictability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis using a blood immune cell biomarker panel developed from bulk mRNA sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2757-2768. [PMID: 37165046 PMCID: PMC10361912 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating cancer due to its poor survival rate, early detection, and resectability. This study aimed to determine the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immune biomarkers in patients with PDAC and investigate the PDAC-specific peripheral blood biomarker panel and validate its clinical performance. METHODS In this prospective, blinded, case-control study, a biomarker panel formula was generated using a development cohort-including healthy controls, patients at high risk of PDAC, and patients with benign pancreatic disease, PDAC, or other gastrointestinal malignancies-and its diagnostic performance was verified using a validation cohort, including patients with ≥ 1 lesion suspected as PDAC on computed tomography (CT). RESULTS RNA-sequencing of PBMCs from patients with PDAC identified three novel immune cell markers, IL-7R, PLD4, and ID3, as specific markers for PDAC. Regarding the diagnostic performance of the regression formula for the three biomarker panels, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.0%, 78.8%, 47.2%, 95.6%, and 79.8%, respectively. Based on the formula scores for the biomarker panel, the false-negative rate (FNR) of the biomarkers was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-13.0), which was significantly lower than that based on CT in the validation cohort (29.2%, 95% CI 20.8-37.6). CONCLUSIONS The regression formula constructed using three PBMC biomarkers is an inexpensive, rapid, and convenient method that shows clinically useful performance for the diagnosis of PDAC. It aids diagnoses and differential diagnoses of PDAC from pancreatic disease by lowering the FNR compared to CT. Clinical trial registration Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0004614 (08 January 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 712 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- AccurasysBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- AccurasysBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 712 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Korea
- AccurasysBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 712 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 712 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Korea.
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7
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Weng N, Miller M, Pham AK, Komor AC, Broide DH. Single-base editing of rs12603332 on chromosome 17q21 with a cytosine base editor regulates ORMDL3 and ATF6α expression. Allergy 2022; 77:1139-1149. [PMID: 34525218 DOI: 10.1111/all.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic association studies have demonstrated that the SNP rs12603332 located on chromosome 17q21 is highly associated with the risk of the development of asthma. METHODS To determine whether SNP rs1260332 is functional in regulating levels of ORMDL3 expression, we used a Cytosine Base Editor (CBE) plasmid DNA or a CBE mRNA to edit the rs12603332 C risk allele to the T non-risk allele in a human lymphocyte cell line (i.e., Jurkat cells) and in primary human CD4 T cells that carry the C risk alleles. RESULTS Jurkat cells with the rs12603332 C risk allele expressed significantly higher levels of ORMDL3 mRNA, as well as the ORMDL3 regulated gene ATF6α as assessed by qPCR compared to Jurkat clones with the T non-risk allele. In primary human CD4 T cells, we edited 90 ± 3% of the rs12603332-C risk allele to the T non-risk allele and observed a reduction in ORMDL3 and ATF6α expression. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the non-risk allele rs12603332-T could be the central element of the E-box binding motif (CANNTG) recognized by the E47 transcription factor. An EMSA assay confirmed the bioinformatics prediction demonstrating that a rs12603332-T containing probe bound to the transcription factor E47 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS SNP rs12603332 is functional in regulating the expression of ORMDL3 as well as ORMDL3 regulated gene ATF6α expression. In addition, we demonstrate the use of CBE technology in functionally interrogating asthma-associated SNPs using studies of primary human CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Weng
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Alexa K. Pham
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Alexis C. Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - David H. Broide
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
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8
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Lejman M, Chałupnik A, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M. Genetic Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2755. [PMID: 35269896 PMCID: PMC8911213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies characterized by abnormal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. It is the most commonly diagnosed childhood cancer with an almost 80% cure rate. Despite favorable survival rates in the pediatric population, a significant number of patients develop resistance to therapy, resulting in poor prognosis. ALL is a heterogeneous disease at the genetic level, but the intensive development of sequencing in the last decade has made it possible to broaden the study of genomic changes. New technologies allow us to detect molecular changes such as point mutations or to characterize epigenetic or proteomic profiles. This process made it possible to identify new subtypes of this disease characterized by constellations of genetic alterations, including chromosome changes, sequence mutations, and DNA copy number alterations. These genetic abnormalities are used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers that play an important role in earlier disease detection, more accurate risk stratification, and treatment. Identification of new ALL biomarkers, and thus a greater understanding of their molecular basis, will lead to better monitoring of the course of the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest information on genomic alterations found in childhood ALL and discuss their impact on patients' clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chałupnik
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (Z.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (Z.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Maciej Dobosz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (Z.C.); (M.D.)
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9
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Jiao A, Sun C, Wang X, Lei L, Liu H, Li W, Yang X, Zheng H, Ding R, Zhu K, Su Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang B. DExD/H-box helicase 9 intrinsically controls CD8 + T cell-mediated antiviral response through noncanonical mechanisms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2691. [PMID: 35138904 PMCID: PMC8827654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon virus infection, CD8+ T cell accumulation is tightly controlled by simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear how TCR signal coordinates these events to achieve expansion and effector cell differentiation. We found that T cell-specific deletion of nuclear helicase Dhx9 led to impaired CD8+ T cell survival, effector differentiation, and viral clearance. Mechanistically, Dhx9 acts as the key regulator to ensure LCK- and CD3ε-mediated ZAP70 phosphorylation and ERK activation to protect CD8+ T cells from apoptosis before proliferative burst. Dhx9 directly regulates Id2 transcription to control effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. The DSRM and OB_Fold domains are required for LCK binding and Id2 transcription, respectively. Dhx9 expression is predominantly increased in effector CD8+ T cells of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we revealed a previously unknown regulatory mechanism that Dhx9 protects activated CD8+ T cells from apoptosis and ensures effector differentiation to promote antiviral immunity independent of nuclear sensor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Z.); (L.Z.)
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10
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Loss of synergistic transcriptional feedback loops drives diverse B-cell cancers. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103559. [PMID: 34461601 PMCID: PMC8403728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common B-cell cancers, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (CLL), follicular and diffuse large B-cell (FL, DLBCL) lymphomas, have distinct clinical courses, yet overlapping “cell-of-origin”. Dynamic changes to the epigenome are essential regulators of B-cell differentiation. Therefore, we reasoned that these distinct cancers may be driven by shared mechanisms of disruption in transcriptional circuitry. Methods We compared purified malignant B-cells from 52 patients with normal B-cell subsets (germinal center centrocytes and centroblasts, naïve and memory B-cells) from 36 donor tonsils using >325 high-resolution molecular profiling assays for histone modifications, open chromatin (ChIP-, FAIRE-seq), transcriptome (RNA-seq), transcription factor (TF) binding, and genome copy number (microarrays). Findings From the resulting data, we identified gains in active chromatin in enhancers/super-enhancers that likely promote unchecked B-cell receptor signaling, including one we validated near the immunoglobulin superfamily receptors FCMR and PIGR. More striking and pervasive was the profound loss of key B-cell identity TFs, tumor suppressors and their super-enhancers, including EBF1, OCT2(POU2F2), and RUNX3. Using a novel approach to identify transcriptional feedback, we showed that these core transcriptional circuitries are self-regulating. Their selective gain and loss form a complex, iterative, and interactive process that likely curbs B-cell maturation and spurs proliferation. Interpretation Our study is the first to map the transcriptional circuitry of the most common blood cancers. We demonstrate that a critical subset of B-cell TFs and their cognate enhancers form self-regulatory transcriptional feedback loops whose disruption is a shared mechanism underlying these diverse subtypes of B-cell lymphoma. Funding National Institute of Health, Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, Doris Duke Foundation.
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11
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Gao M, Li X, Yang Z, Zhao S, Ling X, Li J, Xing K, Qi X, Wang X, Xiao L, Ni H, Guo Y, Sheng X. circHIPK3 regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblast through the miR-7/TCF12 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6793-6805. [PMID: 33748999 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is a complex biological process involving multiple key genes, signaling pathways and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the regulatory relationship among them is so complicated that it has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-7 inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation by targeting transcription factor 12 (TCF12). circHIPK3 acted as a competing endogenous RNA, and its overexpression effectively reversed the regulation of miR-7 on C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation by increasing TCF12 expression. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that circHIPK3 regulates skeletal muscle development through the miR-7/TCF12 pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on skeletal muscle development at the circRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Yang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Ling
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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12
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Bugge K, Staby L, Salladini E, Falbe-Hansen RG, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. αα-Hub domains and intrinsically disordered proteins: A decisive combo. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100226. [PMID: 33361159 PMCID: PMC7948954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hub proteins are central nodes in protein-protein interaction networks with critical importance to all living organisms. Recently, a new group of folded hub domains, the αα-hubs, was defined based on a shared αα-hairpin supersecondary structural foundation. The members PAH, RST, TAFH, NCBD, and HHD are found in large proteins such as Sin3, RCD1, TAF4, CBP, and harmonin, which organize disordered transcriptional regulators and membrane scaffolds in interactomes of importance to human diseases and plant quality. In this review, studies of structures, functions, and complexes across the αα-hubs are described and compared to provide a unified description of the group. This analysis expands the associated molecular concepts of "one domain-one binding site", motif-based ligand binding, and coupled folding and binding of intrinsically disordered ligands to additional concepts of importance to signal fidelity. These include context, motif reversibility, multivalency, complex heterogeneity, synergistic αα-hub:ligand folding, accessory binding sites, and supramodules. We propose that these multifaceted protein-protein interaction properties are made possible by the characteristics of the αα-hub fold, including supersite properties, dynamics, variable topologies, accessory helices, and malleability and abetted by adaptability of the disordered ligands. Critically, these features provide additional filters for specificity. With the presentations of new concepts, this review opens for new research questions addressing properties across the group, which are driven from concepts discovered in studies of the individual members. Combined, the members of the αα-hubs are ideal models for deconvoluting signal fidelity maintained by folded hubs and their interactions with intrinsically disordered ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bugge
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Staby
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Salladini
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus G Falbe-Hansen
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karen Skriver
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Pi WC, Wang J, Shimada M, Lin JW, Geng H, Lee YL, Lu R, Li D, Wang GG, Roeder RG, Chen WY. E2A-PBX1 functions as a coactivator for RUNX1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2020; 136:11-23. [PMID: 32276273 PMCID: PMC7332894 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
E2A, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays a crucial role in determining tissue-specific cell fate, including differentiation of B-cell lineages. In 5% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the t(1,19) chromosomal translocation specifically targets the E2A gene and produces an oncogenic E2A-PBX1 fusion protein. Although previous studies have shown the oncogenic functions of E2A-PBX1 in cell and animal models, the E2A-PBX1-enforced cistrome, the E2A-PBX1 interactome, and related mechanisms underlying leukemogenesis remain unclear. Here, by unbiased genomic profiling approaches, we identify the direct target sites of E2A-PBX1 in t(1,19)-positive pre-B ALL cells and show that, compared with normal E2A, E2A-PBX1 preferentially binds to a subset of gene loci cobound by RUNX1 and gene-activating machineries (p300, MED1, and H3K27 acetylation). Using biochemical analyses, we further document a direct interaction of E2A-PBX1, through a region spanning the PBX1 homeodomain, with RUNX1. Our results also show that E2A-PBX1 binding to gene enhancers is dependent on the RUNX1 interaction but not the DNA-binding activity harbored within the PBX1 homeodomain of E2A-PBX1. Transcriptome analyses and cell transformation assays further establish a significant RUNX1 requirement for E2A-PBX1-mediated target gene activation and leukemogenesis. Notably, the RUNX1 locus itself is also directly activated by E2A-PBX1, indicating a multilayered interplay between E2A-PBX1 and RUNX1. Collectively, our study provides the first unbiased profiling of the E2A-PBX1 cistrome in pre-B ALL cells and reveals a previously unappreciated pathway in which E2A-PBX1 acts in concert with RUNX1 to enforce transcriptome alterations for the development of pre-B ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/chemistry
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/physiology
- DNA/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Histone Code
- Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry
- Homeodomain Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Mediator Complex/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Protein Domains
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transcriptome
- p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Pi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Biomedical Industry PhD Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Miho Shimada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huimin Geng
- Laboratory Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Yu-Ling Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Rui Lu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dongxu Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Biomedical Industry PhD Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Yun D, Tang T, Cai Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Fang F, Yang Z, Behnisch T, Xie Y. Transcription Factor 4 Safeguards Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Development by Regulating Neural Progenitor Migration. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:3102-3115. [PMID: 31845732 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation plays essential roles in learning and memory. Defective DG development is associated with neurological disorders. Here, we show that transcription factor 4 (Tcf4) is essential for DG development. Tcf4 expression is elevated in neural progenitors of the dentate neuroepithelium in the developing mouse brain. We demonstrate that conditional disruption of Tcf4 in the dentate neuroepithelium leads to abnormal neural progenitor migration guided by disorganized radial glial fibers, which further leads to hypoplasia in the DG. Moreover, we reveal that Wnt7b is a key downstream effector of Tcf4 in regulating neural progenitor migration. Behavioral analysis shows that disruption of integrity of the DG impairs the social memory highlighting the importance of proper development of the DG. These results reveal a critical role for Tcf4 in regulating DG development. As mutations in TCF4 cause Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) characterized by severe intellectual disability, our data also potentially provide insights into the basis of neurological defects linked to TCF4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuqun Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Yun
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianxiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheping Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunli Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Rautela J, Dagley LF, Kratina T, Anthony A, Goh W, Surgenor E, Delconte RB, Webb AI, Elwood N, Groom JR, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Corcoran L, Huntington ND. Generation of novel Id2 and E2-2, E2A and HEB antibodies reveals novel Id2 binding partners and species-specific expression of E-proteins in NK cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 115:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Yang J, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Ge C, Zhao F, Jiang J, Tian H, Chen T, Xie H, Cui Y, Yao M, Li H, Li J. TCF12 promotes the tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of CXCR4 expression. Theranostics 2019; 9:5810-5827. [PMID: 31534521 PMCID: PMC6735379 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TCF12, which is known to be involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, has been reported to function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, its function and molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Methods: Stable ectopic TCF12 expression or knockdown in HCC cell lines was established by lentiviral infection. Then, MTT, colony formation, migration, invasion and HUVECs tube formation assays as well as an orthotopic xenograft model were used to investigate the biologic function of TCF12 in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, RNA-Seq analysis was utilized to explore the target genes regulated by TCF12. RT-qPCR, western blotting, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, Ch-IP, CHIP-Seq and functional rescue experiments were used to confirm the target gene regulated by TCF12. Finally, RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed to detect the expression level of TCF12 and to analyze the correlation of TCF12 with downstream genes as well as the clinical significance of TCF12 in human primary HCC. Results: Our functional studies revealed that stable overexpression of TCF12 in human HCC cells enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of TCF12 showed opposing effects. Mechanistically, CXCR4 was a downstream target of TCF12, and TCF12 directly bound to the CXCR4 promoter to regulate its expression. Moreover, CXCR4, with its ligand CXCL12, played a critical role in tumor progression induced by TCF12 via activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Clinically, IHC analysis revealed that TCF12 was significantly associated with poor survival of HCC patients and that TCF12 expression was closely correlated with CXCR4 expression in primary HCC tissues. Conclusion: Our findings are the first to indicate that TCF12 could promote the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC mainly by upregulating CXCR4 expression and is a prognostic indicator for patients with HCC.
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17
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Maharjan BD, Ono R, Nosaka T. Eya2 is critical for the E2A‑HLF‑mediated immortalization of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:981-990. [PMID: 30628662 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin enhancer‑binding factor/hepatic leukemia factor (E2A‑HLF) oncogenic fusion gene, generated by t(17;19)(q22;p13) translocation in childhood B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a very poor prognosis, encodes a chimeric transcription factor in which the transactivation domains of E2A are fused to the DNA‑binding and dimerization domain of HLF. E2A‑HLF has been demonstrated to have an anti‑apoptotic effect. However, the molecular mechanism underlying E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis remains unclear. The present study identified EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2 (Eya2), the forced expression of which is known to immortalize mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as a direct target molecule downstream of E2A‑HLF. E2A‑HLF‑immortalized mouse HSPCs expressed Eya2 at a high level in the aberrant self‑renewal program. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a reporter assay revealed that E2A‑HLF enhanced the Eya2 expression by binding to the promoter region containing the E2A‑HLF‑binding consensus sequence. Eya2 knockdown in E2A‑HLF‑immortalized cells resulted in reduced colony‑forming efficiency. These results suggest a critical role of Eya2 in E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Devi Maharjan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nosaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
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18
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Sullivan JM, Höllbacher B, Campbell DJ. Cutting Edge: Dynamic Expression of Id3 Defines the Stepwise Differentiation of Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:31-36. [PMID: 30518568 PMCID: PMC6311998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse and broadly distributed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. However, the pathways guiding the differentiation of tissue-resident TR cell populations have not been well defined. By regulating E-protein function, Id3 controls the differentiation of CD8+ effector T cells and is essential for TR cell maintenance and function. We show that dynamic expression of Id3 helps define three distinct mouse TR cell populations: Id3+CD62LhiCD44lo central TR cells, Id3+CD62LloCD44hi effector TR (eTR) cells, and Id3- eTR cells. Adoptive transfer experiments and transcriptome analyses support a stepwise model of differentiation from Id3+ central TR to Id3+ eTR to Id3- eTR cells. Furthermore, Id3- eTR cells have high expression of functional inhibitory markers and a transcriptional signature of tissue-resident TR cells. Accordingly, Id3- eTR cells are highly enriched in nonlymphoid organs but virtually absent from blood and lymph. Thus, we propose that tissue-resident TR cells develop in a multistep process associated with Id3 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Sullivan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Daniel J Campbell
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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19
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Han X, Liu H, Huang H, Liu X, Jia B, Gao GF, Zhang F. ID2 and ID3 are indispensable for Th1 cell differentiation during influenza virus infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:476-489. [PMID: 30578645 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific Th1 cells could be a passage to the infection sites during infection to execute effector functions, such as help CD8+ T cells to localize in these sites by secretion of anti-viral cytokines-IFN-γ or direct cytotoxicity of antigen-bearing cells. However, the molecular components that modulate Th1 cell differentiation and function in response to viral infection remain incompletely understood. Here, we reported that both inhibitor of DNA binding 3(Id3) protein and inhibitor of DNA binding 2(Id2) protein promoted Th1 cell differentiation. Depletion of Id3 or Id2 led to severe defect of Th1 cell differentiation during influenza virus infection. Whereas depletion of both Id3 and Id2 in CD4+ T cells restrained Th1 cell differentiation to a greater extent, indicating that Id3 and Id2 nonredundantly regulate Th1 cell differentiation. Moreover, deletion of E-proteins, the antagonists of Id proteins, greatly enhanced Th1 cell differentiation. Mechanistic study indicated that E-proteins suppressed Th1 cell differentiation by directly binding to the regulatory elements of Th1 cell master regulator T-bet and regulate T-bet expression. Thus, our findings identified Id-protein's importance for Th1 cells and clarified the nonredundant role of Id3 and Id2 in regulating Th1 cell differentiation, providing novel insight that Id3-Id2-E protein axis are essential for Th1 cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqian Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,SavaId Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,SavaId Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Aging, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza vaccine responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:682-90. [PMID: 26588038 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccination is less effective in elderly as compared to young individuals. Several studies have identified immune biomarkers able to predict a protective humoral immune response to the vaccine. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the effects of aging on influenza vaccine responses and on biomarkers so far identified, and we discuss the relevance of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on these vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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21
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Perdomo-Celis F, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT. Follicular CD8 + T Cells: Origin, Function and Importance during HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1241. [PMID: 29085360 PMCID: PMC5649150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphoid follicle is critical for the development of humoral immune responses. Cell circulation to this site is highly regulated by the differential expression of chemokine receptors. This feature contributes to the establishment of viral reservoirs in lymphoid follicles and the development of some types of malignancies that are able to evade immune surveillance, especially conventional CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, a subtype of CD8+ T cells located within the lymphoid follicle (follicular CD8+ T cells) was recently described; these cells have been proposed to play an important role in viral and tumor control, as well as to modulate humoral and T follicular helper cell responses. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on this novel CD8+ T cell population, its origin, function, and potential role in health and disease, in particular, in the context of the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Andrea Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
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22
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Shestakova EA, Boutin M, Bourassa S, Bonneil E, Bijl JJ. Identification of proteins associated with transcription factors HOXA9 and E2A-PBX1 by tandem affinity purification. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331703013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Goh W, Huntington ND. Regulation of Murine Natural Killer Cell Development. Front Immunol 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28261203 PMCID: PMC5309223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are known for their ability to kill transformed and virus-infected cells. NK cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and studies on mouse models have revealed that NK cell development is a complex, yet tightly regulated process, which is dependent on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The development of NK cells can be broadly categorized into two phases: lineage commitment and maturation. Efforts to better define the developmental framework of NK cells have led to the identification of several murine NK progenitor populations and mature NK cell subsets, each defined by a varied set of cell surface markers. Nevertheless, the relationship between some of these NK cell subsets remains to be determined. The classical approach to studying both NK cell development and function is to identify the transcription factors involved and elucidate the mechanistic action of each transcription factor. In this regard, recent studies have provided further insight into the mechanisms by which transcription factors, such as ID2, FOXO1, Kruppel-like factor 2, and GATA-binding protein 3 regulate various aspects of NK cell biology. It is also becoming evident that the biology of NK cells is not only transcriptionally regulated but also determined by epigenetic alterations and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs. This review summarizes recent progress made in NK development, focusing primarily on transcriptional regulators and their mechanistic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas D. Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Masuda J, Kawamoto H, Strober W, Takayama E, Mizutani A, Murakami H, Ikawa T, Kitani A, Maeno N, Shigehiro T, Satoh A, Seno A, Arun V, Kasai T, Fuss IJ, Katsura Y, Seno M. Transient Tcf3 Gene Repression by TALE-Transcription Factor Targeting. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1559-1573. [PMID: 27406037 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs) i.e., self-renewing cells that retain multipotentiality, is now a widely performed therapy for many hematopoietic diseases. However, these cells are present in low number and are subject to replicative senescence after extraction; thus, the acquisition of sufficient numbers of cells for transplantation requires donors able to provide repetitive blood samples and/or methods of expanding cell numbers without disturbing cell multipotentiality. Previous studies have shown that HSCs maintain their multipotentiality and self-renewal activity if TCF3 transcription function is blocked under B cell differentiating conditions. Taking advantage of this finding to devise a new approach to HSC expansion in vitro, we constructed an episomal expression vector that specifically targets and transiently represses the TCF3 gene. This consisted of a vector encoding a transcription activator-like effector (TALE) fused to a Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) repressor. We showed that this TALE-KRAB vector repressed expression of an exogenous reporter gene in HEK293 and COS-7 cell lines and, more importantly, efficiently repressed endogenous TCF3 in a human B lymphoma cell line. These findings suggest that this vector can be used to maintain multipotentiality in HSC being subjected to a long-term expansion regimen prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Masuda
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Development, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Hozumi 1851, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizutani
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Development, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Narumi Maeno
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shigehiro
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Vaidyanath Arun
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomonari Kasai
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoshimoto Katsura
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Development, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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25
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New insights into transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms of AML1-ETO and E2A fusion proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:285-304. [PMID: 28261265 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML1-ETO has served as a prototype to understand how leukemia fusion proteins deregulate transcription to promote leukemogenesis. Another leukemia fusion protein, E2A-Pbx1, generated by the t(1;19) translocation, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). While AML1-ETO and E2A-Pbx1 are structurally unrelated fusion proteins, we have recently shown that a common axis, the ETO/E-protein interaction, is involved in the regulation of both fusion proteins, underscoring the importance of studying protein-protein interactions in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemia fusion proteins. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aim to summarize these new developments while also providing a historic overview of the related early studies. METHODS A total of 218 publications were reviewed in this article, a majority of which were published after 2004.We also downloaded 3D structures of AML1-ETO domains from Protein Data Bank and provided a systematic summary of their structures. RESULTS By reviewing the literature, we summarized early and recent findings on AML1-ETO, including its protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms, as well as the recently reported involvement of ETO family corepressors in regulating the function of E2A-Pbx1. CONCLUSION While the recent development in genomic and structural studies has clearly demonstrated that the fusion proteins function by directly regulating transcription, a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including crosstalk with other transcription factors and cofactors, and the protein-protein interactions in the context of native proteins, may be necessary for the development of highly targeted drugs for leukemia therapy.
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26
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Chen YF, Yang CC, Kao SY, Liu CJ, Lin SC, Chang KW. MicroRNA-211 Enhances the Oncogenicity of Carcinogen-Induced Oral Carcinoma by Repressing TCF12 and Increasing Antioxidant Activity. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4872-86. [PMID: 27221705 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
miR-211 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been implicated in poor patient survival. To investigate the oncogenic roles of miR-211, we generated K14-EGFP-miR-211 transgenic mice tagged with GFP. Induction of oral carcinogenesis in transgenic mice using 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) resulted in more extensive and severe tongue tumorigenesis compared with control animals. We found that 4NQO and arecoline upregulated miR-211 expression in OSCC cells. In silico and experimental evidence further revealed that miR-211 directly targeted transcription factor 12 (TCF12), which mediated suppressor activities in OSCC cells and was drastically downregulated in tumor tissues. We used GeneChip analysis and bioinformatic algorithms to identify transcriptional targets of TCF12 and confirmed through reporter and ChIP assays that family with sequence similarity 213, member A (FAM213A), a peroxiredoxin-like antioxidative protein, was repressed transcriptionally by TCF12. FAM213A silencing in OSCC cells diminished oncogenic activity, reduced the ALDH1-positive cell population, and increased reactive oxygen species. TCF12 and FAM213A expression was correlated inversely in head and neck carcinoma samples according to The Cancer Genome Atlas. OSCC patients bearing tumors with high FAM213A expression tended to have worse survival. Furthermore, 4NQO treatment downregulated TCF12 and upregulated FAM213A by modulating miR-211 both in vitro and in vivo Overall, our findings develop a mouse model that recapitulates the molecular and histopathologic alterations of human OSCC pathogenesis and highlight a new miRNA-mediated oncogenic mechanism. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4872-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Park YS, Gauna AE, Cha S. Mouse Models of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2350-64. [PMID: 25777752 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150316120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune cell infiltration and progressive injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands. As a consequence, patients with SjS develop xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). SjS is the third most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affecting 4 million Americans with over 90% of patients being female. Current diagnostic criteria for SjS frequently utilize histological examinations of minor salivary glands for immune cell foci, serology for autoantibodies, and dry eye evaluation by corneal or conjunctival staining. SjS can be classified as primary or secondary SjS, depending on whether it occurs alone or in association with other systemic rheumatic conditions, respectively. Clinical manifestations typically become apparent when the disease is relatively advanced in SjS patients, which poses a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment of SjS. Therefore, SjS mouse models, because of their close resemblance to the human SjS, have been extremely valuable to identify early disease markers and to investigate underlying biological and immunological dysregulations. However, it is important to bear in mind that no single mouse model has duplicated all aspects of SjS pathogenesis and clinical features, mainly due to the multifactorial etiology of SjS that includes numerous susceptibility genes and environmental factors. As such, various mouse models have been developed in the field to try to recapitulate SjS. In this review, we focus on recent mouse models of primary SjS xerostomia and describe them under three categories of spontaneous, genetically engineered, and experimentally induced models. In addition, we discuss future perspectives highlighting pros and cons of utilizing mouse models and current demands for improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL32610, USA.
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28
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Frasca D, Ferracci F, Diaz A, Romero M, Lechner S, Blomberg BB. Obesity decreases B cell responses in young and elderly individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:615-25. [PMID: 26857091 PMCID: PMC4769695 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of obesity-associated inflammation on influenza vaccine responses. METHODS In young and elderly individuals, both lean and with obesity, antibody responses to influenza vaccination were measured. RESULTS A decrease in in vivo vaccine responses, circulating switched memory, and transitional B cells and an increase in pro-inflammatory late/exhausted memory B cells were found. In vitro B cell function was measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase and E47, markers of optimal antibody responses. Moreover, IL-6 production was increased, whereas IL-10 production was decreased in cultures of B cells from individuals with obesity. Markers of immune activation (TNF-α, TLR4, micro-RNAs) in unstimulated B cells were also found increased and were negatively correlated with B cell function. In order to reveal potential mechanisms, we stimulated B cells from lean individuals in vitro with leptin, the adipokine increased in obesity. Leptin increased phospho-STAT3, crucial for TNF-α production, and decreased phospho-AMPK, the energy sensing enzyme upstream of phospho-p38 MAPK and E47. Leptin-induced phospho-STAT3 and phospho-AMPK levels were similar to those in B cells from individuals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that leptin can be responsible for decreased B cell function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Franco Ferracci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Suzanne Lechner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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29
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Delconte RB, Shi W, Sathe P, Ushiki T, Seillet C, Minnich M, Kolesnik TB, Rankin LC, Mielke LA, Zhang JG, Busslinger M, Smyth MJ, Hutchinson DS, Nutt SL, Nicholson SE, Alexander WS, Corcoran LM, Vivier E, Belz GT, Carotta S, Huntington ND. The Helix-Loop-Helix Protein ID2 Governs NK Cell Fate by Tuning Their Sensitivity to Interleukin-15. Immunity 2016; 44:103-115. [PMID: 26795246 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is essential for natural killer (NK) cell development with its canonical role being to antagonize E-protein function and alternate lineage fate. Here we have identified a key role for Id2 in regulating interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor signaling and homeostasis of NK cells by repressing multiple E-protein target genes including Socs3. Id2 deletion in mature NK cells was incompatible with their homeostasis due to impaired IL-15 receptor signaling and metabolic function and this could be rescued by strong IL-15 receptor stimulation or genetic ablation of Socs3. During NK cell maturation, we observed an inverse correlation between E-protein target genes and Id2. These results shift the current paradigm on the role of ID2, indicating that it is required not only to antagonize E-proteins during NK cell commitment, but constantly required to titrate E-protein activity to regulate NK cell fitness and responsiveness to IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia; Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Priyanka Sathe
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Martina Minnich
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana B Kolesnik
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Lucille C Rankin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Science, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France; Immunologie, Hôpital de la Comception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Sebastian Carotta
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Shin Kim S, Yeom S, Kwak J, Ahn HJ, Lib Jang K. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing E-cadherin expression via upregulation of E12/E47. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:134-143. [PMID: 26490105 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) represses E-cadherin expression to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential component of cancer progression to more aggressive phenotypes characterized by tumour invasion, migration and metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is still unclear. In this study, we found that ectopic expression of HBx in human hepatocytes using overexpression and 1.2-mer WT HBV replicon systems upregulated levels of the transcriptional repressors E12 and E47, resulting in inactivation of the E-cadherin promoter, containing three E-box motifs, and subsequent repression of its expression. E12/E47 knockdown using a specific small interfering RNA almost completely abolished the potential of HBx to repress E-cadherin expression. HBx inhibited the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of E12/E47 without affecting their expression at the transcriptional level. Upregulation of E12/E47 by HBx ultimately led to EMT in human hepatocytes, as demonstrated by morphological changes, altered protein levels of EMT markers, including E-cadherin, plakoglobin, fibronectin, vimentin and N-cadherin, and increased capacity for cell detachment and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Shin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Yeom
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Ferracci F, Blomberg BB. MicroRNAs miR-155 and miR-16 Decrease AID and E47 in B Cells from Elderly Individuals. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195. [PMID: 26223652 PMCID: PMC4546853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our research in the past few years has identified B cell-specific biomarkers able to predict optimal Ab responses in both young and elderly individuals. These biomarkers are activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), the enzyme of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation; the transcription factor E47, crucial for AID expression; and the ability to generate optimal memory B cells. Moreover, we have found that the increased proinflammatory status of the elderly, both in sera and intrinsic to B cells, negatively impacts B cell function. We have now investigated whether particular inflammatory microRNAs (miRs) contribute to decreased E47 and AID in aged B cells. Our data indicate that E47 and AID mRNA stability is lower in stimulated B cells from elderly individuals. We measured the expression of two miRs crucial for class switch recombination, miR-155 and miR-16, in human unstimulated B cells from young and elderly individuals with the rationale that increases in these before stimulation would decrease E47/AID upon cell activation. We found these miRs and B cell-intrinsic inflammation upregulated in aged unstimulated B cells and negatively associated with AID in the same B cells after stimulation with CpG. We propose that the downregulation of AID in aged human B cells may occur through binding of miR-155 to the 3'-untranslated regions of AID mRNA and/or binding of miR-16 to the 3'-untranslated regions of E47 mRNA, as well as at the transcriptional level of less E47 for AID. Our results indicate novel molecular pathways leading to reduced B cell function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
| | - Franco Ferracci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
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Tiwari I, Yoon MH, Park BJ, Jang KL. Hepatitis C virus core protein induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocytes by upregulating E12/E47 levels. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:131-8. [PMID: 25817725 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential component of cancer progression to more aggressive phenotypes characterized by tumor dedifferentiation, infiltration, and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism for E-cadherin downregulation in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. In this study, we found that ectopic expression of HCV core protein or infection with HCV in human hepatocytes upregulated the levels of the transcriptional repressors, E12 and E47, resulting in inactivation of the E-cadherin promoter, containing E-box motifs, and subsequent repression of its expression. E12/E47 knock-down almost completely abolished the potential of HCV core protein to repress E-cadherin expression. HCV core protein inhibited ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of E12/E47 without affecting their expression at the transcriptional level. E12/E47 upregulation ultimately led to EMT in human hepatocytes, as demonstrated by morphological changes, altered expression levels of EMT markers, including E-cadherin, plakoglobin, and fibronectin, and increased capacity for cell detachment and migration. In conclusion, HCV core protein represses E-cadherin expression by upregulating E12/E47 levels to induce EMT in HCV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that survey the environment and protect the host from infected and cancerous cells. As their name implies, NK cells represent an early line of defense during pathogen invasion by directly killing infected cells and secreting inflammatory cytokines. Although the function of NK cells was first described more than four decades ago, the development of this cytotoxic lineage is not well understood. In recent years, we have begun to identify specific transcription factors that control each stage of development and maturation, from ontogeny of the NK cell progenitor to the effector functions of activated NK cells in peripheral organs. This chapter highlights the transcription factors that are unique to NK cells, or shared between NK cells and other hematopoietic cell lineages, but govern the biology of this cytolytic lymphocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Sun
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, 408 East 69th Street, ZRC-1402, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Zhao CN, Fan Y, Huang JJ, Zhang HX, Gao T, Wang C, Wang T, Hou LF. The Association of GSDMB and ORMDL3 Gene Polymorphisms With Asthma: A Meta-Analysis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 7:175-85. [PMID: 25729625 PMCID: PMC4341339 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) belongs to a highly conserved protein family which is anchored as transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is adjacent to ORMDL3 on chromosome 17q21.2 and belongs to the gasdermin-domain containing the protein family (GSDM family). Recent reports suggest that GSDMB and ORMDL3 are associated with asthma in several populations. However, genetic association studies that examined the association of GSDMB and ORMDL3 gene variants with asthma showed conflicting results. To assess whether combined evidence shows the association between GSDMB/ORMDL3 polymorphism and asthma. Methods A bibliographic search from MEDLINE identified 13 original articles using the search keywords 'GSDMB', 'ORMDL3', and 'asthma'. An updated literature-based meta-analysis involving 6,691 subjects with asthma, 9,281 control individuals, and 1,360 families were conducted. Meta-odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on the fixed effects model or the random effects model depended on Cochran's Q-statistic and I2 values. Data from case-control and TDT studies were analyzed in an allelic model using the Catmap software. Results We selected and identified 3 SNPs of ORMDL3 associated with asthma (rs8076131: OR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20; P=0.012. rs12603332: OR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25; P=0.002. rs3744246: OR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P=0.008) and 1 SNP of GSDMB associated with asthma (rs7216389: OR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.47; P<0.01). Publication bias was estimated using modified Egger's linear regression test proposed by Harbordetal and revealed no evidence of biases. Furthermore, cumulative meta-analysis in chronological order showed the inclination toward significant association for rs7216389 and rs12603332 with continually adding studies, and the inclination toward null-significant association for rs3744246 and rs8076131. Conclusions Moderate evidence exists for associations of the ORMDL3 rs8076131, rs12603332, and rs3744246 and GSDMB rs7216389 variants with asthma. Large sample size and representative population-based studies and TDT studies with homogeneous asthmatic patients and well-matched controls are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ni Zhao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Li-Fang Hou
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China. ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Our laboratory has contributed to the areas of B cell receptor (BCR) and pre-BCR gene identification and transcription and has focused on the problem of the aged immune system in mice and humans for the last 15 years. We have found biomarkers for the decrease in B cell function in aged mice and humans. These include decreases in immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch (e.g., IgM to IgG), decreases in the enzyme AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) and decreases in the transcription factor E47. The E47 mRNA stability is decreased in old B cells due to decreased phospho-MAPKinase and phospho-TTP (tristetraprolin). Inflammation, e.g., TNF-α, which increases with age, impacts B cells directly by increasing their TNF-α and NF-κB and leads to the above decreased pathway. Both class switch and affinity maturation are decreased in elderly responses to the influenza vaccine and biomarkers we have found (numbers and percentages of switched memory B cells and AID in stimulated B cells in culture) can predict a beneficial or decreased immune response to the vaccine. Current and future avenues to improve the humoral immune response in the elderly are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB #3146A, P.O. Box 016960 (R-138), Miami, FL, 33101, USA,
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Chiu YK, Lin IY, Su ST, Wang KH, Yang SY, Tsai DY, Hsieh YT, Lin KI. Transcription factor ABF-1 suppresses plasma cell differentiation but facilitates memory B cell formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2207-17. [PMID: 25070843 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag-primed B cells that result from an immune response can form either memory B cells or Ab-secreting plasma cells; however, the molecular machinery that controls this cellular fate is poorly understood. In this study, we show that activated B cell factor-1 (ABF-1), which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor, participates in this regulation. ABF-1 was prevalently expressed in purified memory B cells and induced by T follicular helper cell-mediated signals. ABF-1 expression declined by the direct repression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 during differentiation. Ectopic expression of ABF-1 reduced the formation of Ab-secreting cells in an in vitro differentiation system of human memory B cells. Accordingly, knockdown of ABF-1 potentiates the formation of Ab-secreting cells. A transgenic mouse that expresses inducible ABF-1 in a B cell-specific manner was generated to demonstrate that the formation of germinal center and memory B cells was augmented by induced ABF-1 in an immune response, whereas the Ag-specific plasma cell response was dampened. This effect was associated with the ability of ABF-1 to limit cell proliferation. Together, our results demonstrate that ABF-1 facilitates formation of memory B cells but prevents plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; and
| | - Shin-Tang Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsiung Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shii-Yi Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yan Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; and
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; and Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Tints K, Prink M, Neuman T, Palm K. LXXLL peptide converts transportan 10 to a potent inducer of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5680-98. [PMID: 24705462 PMCID: PMC4013589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerate expression of transcription coregulator proteins is observed in most human cancers. Therefore, in targeted anti-cancer therapy development, intervention at the level of cancer-specific transcription is of high interest. The steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and prostate cancer. It is present in various transcription complexes, including those containing nuclear hormone receptors. We examined the effects of a peptide that contains the LXXLL-motif of the human SRC-1 nuclear receptor box 1 linked to the cell-penetrating transportan 10 (TP10), hereafter referred to as TP10-SRC1LXXLL, on proliferation and estrogen-mediated transcription of breast cancer cells in vitro. Our data show that TP10-SRC1LXXLL induced dose-dependent cell death of breast cancer cells, and that this effect was not affected by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Surprisingly TP10-SRC1LXXLL severely reduced the viability and proliferation of hormone-unresponsive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the regulation of the endogenous ERα direct target gene pS2 was not affected by TP10-SRC1LXXLL in estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells. Dermal fibroblasts were similarly affected by treatment with higher concentrations of TP10-SRC1LXXLL and this effect was significantly delayed. These results suggest that the TP10-SRC1LXXLL peptide may be an effective drug candidate in the treatment of cancers with minimal therapeutic options, for example ER-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairit Tints
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Madis Prink
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | | | - Kaia Palm
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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Lasorella A, Benezra R, Iavarone A. The ID proteins: master regulators of cancer stem cells and tumour aggressiveness. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:77-91. [PMID: 24442143 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are transcriptional regulators that control the timing of cell fate determination and differentiation in stem and progenitor cells during normal development and adult life. ID genes are frequently deregulated in many types of human neoplasms, and they endow cancer cells with biological features that are hijacked from normal stem cells. The ability of ID proteins to function as central 'hubs' for the coordination of multiple cancer hallmarks has established these transcriptional regulators as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in specific types of human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 241, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
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Hakim FT, Gress RE. Immunosenescence: immune deficits in the elderly and therapeutic strategies to enhance immune competence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:443-58. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Hassawi M, Shestakova EA, Fournier M, Lebert-Ghali CÉ, Vaisson G, Frison H, Sinnett D, Vidal R, Thompson A, Bijl JJ. Hoxa9 collaborates with E2A-PBX1 in mouse B cell leukemia in association with Flt3 activation and decrease of B cell gene expression. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:145-58. [PMID: 23996689 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fusion protein E2A-PBX1 induces pediatric B cell leukemia in human. Previously, we reported oncogenic interactions between homeobox (Hox) genes and E2A-PBX1 in murine T cell leukemia. A proviral insertional mutagenesis screen with our E2A-PBX1 B cell leukemia mouse model identified Hoxa genes as potential collaborators to E2A-PBX1. Here we studied whether Hoxa9 could enhance E2A-PBX1 leukemogenesis. RESULTS We show that Hoxa9 confers a proliferative advantage to E2A-PBX1 B cells. Transplantation experiments with E2A-PBX1 transgenic B cells overexpressing Hoxa9 isolated from bone marrow chimeras showed that Hoxa9 accelerates the generation of E2A-PBX1 B cell leukemia, but Hoxa9 is unable to transform B cells alone. Quantitative-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a strong repression of B cell specific genes in these E2A-PBX1/Hoxa9 leukemias in addition to Flt3 activation, indicating inhibition of B cell differentiation in combination with enhanced proliferation. Overexpression of Hoxa9 in established E2A-PBX1 mouse leukemic B cells resulted in a growth advantage in vitro, which was also characterized by an enhanced expression of Flt3. CONCLUSIONS we show for the first time that Hoxa9 collaborates with E2A-PBX1 in the oncogenic transformation of B cells in a mouse model that involves Flt3 signaling, which is potentially relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hassawi
- Hospital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Montreal, QC
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41
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Gow CH, Guo C, Wang D, Hu Q, Zhang J. Differential involvement of E2A-corepressor interactions in distinct leukemogenic pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:137-52. [PMID: 24064250 PMCID: PMC3874172 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
E2A is a member of the E-protein family of transcription factors. Previous studies have reported context-dependent regulation of E2A-dependent transcription. For example, whereas the E2A portion of the E2A-Pbx1 leukemia fusion protein mediates robust transcriptional activation in t(1;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the transcriptional activity of wild-type E2A is silenced by high levels of corepressors, such as the AML1-ETO fusion protein in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia and ETO-2 in hematopoietic cells. Here, we show that, unlike the HEB E-protein, the activation domain 1 (AD1) of E2A has specifically reduced corepressor interaction due to E2A-specific amino acid changes in the p300/CBP and ETO target motif. Replacing E2A-AD1 with HEB-AD1 abolished the ability of E2A-Pbx1 to activate target genes and to induce cell transformation. On the other hand, the weak E2A-AD1-corepressor interaction imposes a critical importance on another ETO-interacting domain, downstream ETO-interacting sequence (DES), for corepressor-mediated repression. Deletion of DES abrogates silencing of E2A activity by AML1-ETO in t(8;21) leukemia cells or by ETO-2 in normal hematopoietic cells. Our results reveal an E2A-specific mechanism important for its context-dependent activation and repression function, and provide the first evidence for the differential involvement of E2A-corepressor interactions in distinct leukemogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Gow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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Chen WY, Zhang J, Geng H, Du Z, Nakadai T, Roeder RG. A TAF4 coactivator function for E proteins that involves enhanced TFIID binding. Genes Dev 2013; 27:1596-609. [PMID: 23873942 DOI: 10.1101/gad.216192.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The multisubunit TFIID plays a direct role in transcription initiation by binding to core promoter elements and directing preinitiation complex assembly. Although TFIID may also function as a coactivator through direct interactions with promoter-bound activators, mechanistic aspects of this poorly defined function remain unclear. Here, biochemical studies show a direct TFIID-E-protein interaction that (1) is mediated through interaction of a novel E-protein activation domain (activation domain 3 [AD3]) with the TAF homology (TAFH) domain of TAF4, (2) is critical for activation of a natural target gene by an E protein, and (3) mechanistically acts by enhancing TFIID binding to the core promoter. Complementary assays establish a gene-specific role for the TAFH domain in TFIID recruitment and activation of a large subset of genes in vivo. These results firmly establish TAF4 as a bona fide E-protein coactivator as well as a mechanism involving facilitated TFIID binding through direct interaction with an E-protein activation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Frasca D, Andrisani G, Diaz A, Felice C, Guidi L, Blomberg BB. AID in aging and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2013. [PMID: 23190037 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.750300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of B cell responses in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and healthy individuals of different ages, vaccinated with the pandemic (p)2009 influenza vaccine. The in vivo response was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, which represents the most established correlate with vaccine protectiveness. The in vitro response was measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in cultures of vaccine-stimulated PBMC. Both responses are somewhat impaired in IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF-α treatment but these are much more decreased in IBD patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF-α and immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. These latter patients had in vivo and in vitro B cell responses similar to those of elderly individuals. Moreover, as we have previously demonstrated in healthy subjects, the in vitro response to the polyclonal stimulus CpG may be used as a biomarker for subsequent vaccine response and AID activation is correlated with the serum response in IBD patients, as it is in healthy individuals. These results altogether indicate that IBD patients on anti-TNF-α and IS have significantly impaired in vivo and in vitro B cell responses, as compared to those on monotherapy. This is the first report to demonstrate that B cell defects, as measured by the autonomous AID reporter, in IBD patients contribute to reduced humoral responses to the influenza vaccine, as we have previously shown for elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 016960, USA
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Soldini D, Campo E. Genetic sequencing studies in Burkitt's lymphoma: what can we learn about tumorigenesis? Expert Rev Hematol 2013; 6:219-21. [PMID: 23782073 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.13.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sun SL, Horino S, Itoh-Nakadai A, Kawabe T, Asao A, Takahashi T, So T, Funayama R, Kondo M, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Nakayama K, Ishii N. Y chromosome-linked B and NK cell deficiency in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6209-20. [PMID: 23690476 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are no primary immunodeficiency diseases linked to the Y chromosome, because the Y chromosome does not contain any vital genes. We have established a novel mouse strain in which all males lack B and NK cells and have Peyer's patch defects. By 10 wk of age, 100% of the males had evident immunodeficiencies. Mating these immunodeficient males with wild-type females on two different genetic backgrounds for several generations demonstrated that the immunodeficiency is linked to the Y chromosome and is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Although multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the Y chromosome in the mutant male mice was one third shorter than that in wild-type males, exome sequencing did not identify any significant gene mutations. The precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Bone marrow chimeric analyses demonstrated that an intrinsic abnormality in bone marrow hematopoietic cells causes the B and NK cell defects. Interestingly, fetal liver cells transplanted from the mutant male mice reconstituted B and NK cells in lymphocyte-deficient Il2rg(-/-) recipient mice, whereas adult bone marrow transplants did not. Transducing the EBF gene, a master transcription factor for B cell development, into mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells rescued B cell but not NK cell development both in vitro and in vivo. These Y chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice, which have preferential B and NK cell defects, may be a useful model of lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-lan Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Galbiati M, Lettieri A, Micalizzi C, Songia S, Morerio C, Biondi A, Dufour C, Cazzaniga G. Natural history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in neurofibromatosis type 1 monozygotic twins. Leukemia 2013; 27:1778-81. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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47
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Huntington ND, Nutt SL, Carotta S. Regulation of murine natural killer cell commitment. Front Immunol 2013; 4:14. [PMID: 23386852 PMCID: PMC3558707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can derive from the same precursors as B and T cells, however, to achieve lineage specificity, several transcription factors need to be activated or annulled. While a few important transcription factors have been identified for NK genesis the mechanisms of how this is achieved is far from resolved. Adding to the complexity of this, NK cells are found and potentially develop in diverse locations in vivo and it remains to be addressed if a common NK cell precursor seeds diverse niches and how transcription factors may differentially regulate NK cell commitment in distinct microenvironments. Here we will summarize some recent findings in NK cell commitment and discuss how a NK cell transcriptional network might be organized, while addressing some misconceptions and anomalies along the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Huntington
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Navarrete K, Pedroso I, De Jong S, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stefansson K, Ophoff RA, Schalkwyk LC, Collier DA. TCF4 (e2-2; ITF2): a schizophrenia-associated gene with pleiotropic effects on human disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:1-16. [PMID: 23129290 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Common SNPs in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4; ITF2, E2-2, SEF-2) gene, which encodes a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor, are associated with schizophrenia, conferring a small increase in risk. Other common SNPs in the gene are associated with the common eye disorder Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while rare, mostly de novo inactivating mutations cause Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. In this review, we present a systematic bioinformatics and literature review of the genomics, biological function and interactome of TCF4 in the context of schizophrenia. The TCF4 gene is present in all vertebrates, and although protein length varies, there is high conservation of primary sequence, including the DNA binding domain. Humans have a unique leucine-rich nuclear export signal. There are two main isoforms (A and B), as well as complex splicing generating many possible N-terminal amino acid sequences. TCF4 is highly expressed in the brain, where plays a role in neurodevelopment, interacting with class II bHLH transcription factors Math1, HASH1, and neuroD2. The Ca(2+) sensor protein calmodulin interacts with the DNA binding domain of TCF4, inhibiting transcriptional activation. It is also the target of microRNAs, including mir137, which is implicated in schizophrenia. The schizophrenia-associated SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with common variants within putative DNA regulatory elements, suggesting that regulation of expression may underlie association with schizophrenia. Combined gene co-expression analyses and curated protein-protein interaction data provide a network involving TCF4 and other putative schizophrenia susceptibility genes. These findings suggest new opportunities for understanding the molecular basis of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne Navarrete
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Pereira de Sousa A, Berthault C, Granato A, Dias S, Ramond C, Kee BL, Cumano A, Vieira P. Inhibitors of DNA binding proteins restrict T cell potential by repressing Notch1 expression in Flt3-negative common lymphoid progenitors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3822-30. [PMID: 22972921 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lineage commitment is regulated during hematopoiesis, with stepwise loss of differentiation potential ultimately resulting in lineage commitment. In this study we describe a novel population of B/NK bipotent precursors among common lymphoid progenitors in the fetal liver and the bone marrow. The absence of T cell precursor potential, both in vivo and in vitro, is due to low Notch1 expression and secondary to inhibition of E2A activity by members of the inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) protein family. Our results demonstrate a new, Id protein-dependent, molecular mechanism of Notch1 repression, operative in both fetal and adult common lymphoid progenitors, where T cell potential is selectively inhibited without affecting either the B or NK programs. This study identifies Id proteins as negative regulators of T cell specification, before B and NK commitment, and provides important insights into the transcriptional networks orchestrating hematopoiesis.
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Zhou X, Xiang Y, Ding X, Garrard WT. A new hypersensitive site, HS10, and the enhancers, E3' and Ed, differentially regulate Igκ gene expression. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:2722-32. [PMID: 22323542 PMCID: PMC3294001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mouse Igκ gene locus has three known transcriptional enhancers: an intronic enhancer (Ei), a 3' enhancer (E3'), and a further downstream enhancer (Ed). We previously discovered, using the chromosome conformation-capture technique, that Ei and E3' interact with a novel DNA sequence near the 3' end of the Igκ locus, specifically in B cells. In the present investigation, we examined the function of this far downstream element. The sequence is evolutionarily conserved and exhibits a plasmacytoma cell-specific DNase I-hypersensitive site in chromatin, henceforth termed HS10 in the locus. HS10 acts as a coactivator of E3' in transient transfection assays. Although HS10(-/-) mice exhibited normal patterns of B cell development, they were tested further along with E3'(-/-) and Ed(-/-) mice for their Igκ expression levels in plasma cells, as well as for both allelic and isotype exclusion in splenic B cells. HS10(-/-) and Ed(-/-), but not E3'(-/-), mice exhibited 2.5-fold lower levels of Igκ expression in antigenically challenged plasma cells. E3'(-/-) mice, but not HS10(-/-) mice, exhibited impaired IgL isotype and allelic exclusion in splenic B cells. We have suggestive results that Ed may also weakly participate in these processes. In addition, HS10(-/-) mice no longer exhibited regional chromosome interactions with E3', and they exhibited modestly reduced somatic hypermutation in the Jκ-Cκ intronic region in germinal center B cells from Peyer's patches. We conclude that the HS10, E3', and Ed differentially regulate Igκ gene dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Yougui Xiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - William T. Garrard
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148
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