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Naveed K, Rashidi-Ranjbar N, Kumar S, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Fischer CE, Sanches M, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Voineskos AN, Rajji TK. Effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex structural measures on neuroplasticity and response to paired-associative stimulation in Alzheimer's dementia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230233. [PMID: 38853564 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP)-like activity can be induced by stimulation protocols such as paired associative stimulation (PAS). We aimed to determine whether PAS-induced LTP-like activity (PAS-LTP) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with cortical thickness and other structural measures impaired in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We also explored longitudinal relationships between these brain structures and PAS-LTP response after a repetitive PAS (rPAS) intervention. Mediation and regression analyses were conducted using data from randomized controlled trials with AD and healthy control participants. PAS-electroencephalography assessed DLPFC PAS-LTP. DLPFC thickness and surface area were acquired from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF)-a tract important to induce PAS-LTP-were measured with diffusion-weighted imaging. AD participants exhibited reduced DLPFC thickness and increased SLF MD. There was also some evidence that reduction in DLPFC thickness mediates DLPFC PAS-LTP impairment. Longitudinal analyses showed preliminary evidence that SLF MD, and to a lesser extent DLPFC thickness, is associated with DLPFC PAS-LTP response to active rPAS. This study expands our understanding of the relationships between brain structural changes and neuroplasticity. It provides promising evidence for a structural predictor to improving neuroplasticity in AD with neurostimulation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Naveed
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - N Rashidi-Ranjbar
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - S Kumar
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - R Zomorrodi
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - D M Blumberger
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - C E Fischer
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - M Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 60 White Squirrel Way , Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - B H Mulsant
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - B G Pollock
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - A N Voineskos
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - T K Rajji
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
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Swissa E, Monsonego U, Yang LT, Schori L, Kamintsky L, Mirloo S, Burger I, Uzzan S, Patel R, Sudmant PH, Prager O, Kaufer D, Friedman A. Cortical plasticity is associated with blood-brain barrier modulation. eLife 2024; 12:RP89611. [PMID: 39024007 PMCID: PMC11257677 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain microvessels possess the unique properties of a blood-brain barrier (BBB), tightly regulating the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain neuropil and vice versa. In models of brain injury, BBB dysfunction and the associated leakage of serum albumin to the neuropil have been shown to induce pathological plasticity, neuronal hyper-excitability, and seizures. The effect of neuronal activity on BBB function and whether it plays a role in plasticity in the healthy brain remain unclear. Here we show that neuronal activity induces modulation of microvascular permeability in the healthy brain and that it has a role in local network reorganization. Combining simultaneous electrophysiological recording and vascular imaging with transcriptomic analysis in rats, and functional and BBB-mapping MRI in human subjects, we show that prolonged stimulation of the limb induces a focal increase in BBB permeability in the corresponding somatosensory cortex that is associated with long-term synaptic plasticity. We further show that the increased microvascular permeability depends on neuronal activity and involves caveolae-mediated transcytosis and transforming growth factor β signaling. Our results reveal a role of BBB modulation in cortical plasticity in the healthy brain, highlighting the importance of neurovascular interactions for sensory experience and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyatar Swissa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Uri Monsonego
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Lynn T Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Lior Schori
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Lyna Kamintsky
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Sheida Mirloo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Itamar Burger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Sarit Uzzan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Rishi Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ofer Prager
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
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Carrión RE, Auther AM, McLaughlin D, John M, Cornblatt BA. Improving processing speed in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis with the Specific COgnitive REmediation plus Surround (SCORES) intervention: Study protocol. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38951112 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Recent preventative approaches with young people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) have focused on the remediation of the cognitive deficits that are readily apparent and predictive of future illness. However, the small number of trials using cognitive remediation with CHR-P individuals have reported mixed results. The proposed 2-phased study will test an innovative internet-based and remotely-delivered Specific COgnitive REmediation plus Surround (or SCORES) intervention that targets early processing speed deficits in CHR-P adolescents aged 14-20 years old. METHODS In the first R61 phase, a single-arm 2-year proof of concept study, 30 CHR-P individuals will receive SCORES for 10 weeks (4 h per week/40 h total) with a midpoint assessment at 20 h (5 weeks) to demonstrate target engagement and identify the optimal dose needed to engage the target. The Go/No-Go criteria to move to the R33 phase will be processing speed scores improving by a medium effect size (Cohen's d ≥ .6). The proposed package includes a set of complimentary support surround procedures to increase enjoyment and ensure that participants will complete the home-based training. In the second R33 phase, a 3-year pilot study, we will replicate target engagement in a new and larger sample of 54 CHR-P individuals randomized to SCORES (optimized dose) or to a video game playing control condition. In addition, the R33 phase will determine if changes in processing speed are associated with improved social functioning and decreasing attenuated positive symptoms. The support surround components of the intervention will remain constant across phases and conditions in the R33 phase to firmly establish the centrality of processing speed training for successful remediation. CONCLUSIONS The SCORES study is a completely virtual intervention that targets a core cognitive mechanism, processing speed, which is a rate-limiting factor to higher order behaviours and clinical outcomes in CHR-P adolescents. The virtual nature of this study should increase feasibility as well improve the future scalability of the intervention with considerable potential for future dissemination as a complete treatment package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E Carrión
- Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Research, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
| | - Andrea M Auther
- Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
| | - Danielle McLaughlin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
| | - Majnu John
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Research, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, USA
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4
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Wang Z, Hu Q, Tian C, Wang R, Jiao Q, Chen F, Wu T, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu A, Zhang W, Li J, Shen H. Prophylactic Effects of n-Acethylcysteine on Inflammation-induced Depression-like Behaviors in Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 549:42-54. [PMID: 38729599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression, affecting individuals worldwide, is a prevalent mental disease, with an increasing incidence. Numerous studies have been conducted on depression, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive. Recent advancements in research indicate that disturbances in synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and reduced neurotrophic factor expression significantly contribute to depression's pathogenesis. In our study, we utilized adult male C57BL/6J mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce both chronic and acute depression-like symptoms in mice, a widely used model for studying depression associated with inflammation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits anti-inflammatory and ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms. This study sought to determine whether NAC use could mitigate inflammatory depressive behavior through the enhancement of synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this study, we discovered that in mice modeled with depression-like symptoms, the expression levels of dendrites, BDNF, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential (mEPSC) in glutamatergic neurons, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPARs) GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, were significantly decreased. These findings suggest an impairment in the synaptic transmission of glutamatergic neurons. Following treatment with NAC, the previously mentioned levels improved, indicating an enhancement in both synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Our results suggest that NAC exerts a protective effect on mouse models of inflammatory depression, potentially through the enhancement of synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as the restoration of neurotrophic factor expression. These findings offer vital animal experimental evidence supporting NAC's role in mitigating inflammatory depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Comprehensive Development Service Center, Tianjin Baodi District Health Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li N, Wang L, Guo C, Ma W, Liu S, Peng C, Chen J, Song H, Chen H, Ma X, Yi J, Lian J, Kong W, Dong J, Tu X, Shah M, Tian X, Huang Z. A Novel Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor PTPRN Suppresses Seizure Susceptibility through Endocytosis of Na V1.2 Sodium Channels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400560. [PMID: 38874331 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic plasticity, a fundamental process enabling neurons to modify their intrinsic properties, plays a crucial role in shaping neuronal input-output function and is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanisms of intrinsic plasticity remain poorly understood. In this study, a new ubiquitin ligase adaptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N (PTPRN), is identified as a regulator of intrinsic neuronal excitability in the context of temporal lobe epilepsy. PTPRN recruits the NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4L) to NaV1.2 sodium channels, facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination, and endocytosis of NaV1.2. Knockout of PTPRN in hippocampal granule cells leads to augmented NaV1.2-mediated sodium currents and higher intrinsic excitability, resulting in increased seizure susceptibility in transgenic mice. Conversely, adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of PTPRN in the dentate gyrus region decreases intrinsic excitability and reduces seizure susceptibility. Moreover, the present findings indicate that PTPRN exerts a selective modulation effect on voltage-gated sodium channels. Collectively, PTPRN plays a significant role in regulating intrinsic excitability and seizure susceptibility, suggesting a potential strategy for precise modulation of NaV1.2 channels' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weining Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huifang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hedan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingjing Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mala Shah
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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6
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Yamaguchi M. Connectivity of the olfactory tubercle: inputs, outputs, and their plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1423505. [PMID: 38841557 PMCID: PMC11150588 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1423505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT) is a unique part of the olfactory cortex of the mammal brain in that it is also a component of the ventral striatum. It is crucially involved in motivational behaviors, particularly in adaptive olfactory learning. This review introduces the basic properties of the OT, its synaptic connectivity with other brain areas, and the plasticity of the connectivity associated with learning behavior. The adaptive properties of olfactory behavior are discussed further based on the characteristics of OT neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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7
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Liu Y, Xiao T, Zhang W, Xu L, Zhang T. The relationship between physical activity and Internet addiction among adolescents in western China: a chain mediating model of anxiety and inhibitory control. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38770920 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2357694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of anxiety and inhibitory control in the relationship between physical activity and Internet addiction (IA) among adolescents. A total of 951 adolescents from western China completed a self-report survey assessing physical activity, anxiety, inhibitory control, and IA. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS software and the Process plug-in. Controlling for age, gender, and only child status, the findings revealed a negative association between physical activity and anxiety, inhibitory control, and IA. Moreover, anxiety were positively correlated with inhibitory control and IA. Additionally, anxiety exhibited a positive association with inhibitory control. Notably, physical activity directly and negatively predicted IA in adolescents, while also indirectly predicting it through anxiety and inhibitory control. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the complex effects of physical activity on IA among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Dutta P, Baishya R. Pupillary dynamics, accommodation and vergence in concussion. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:385-394. [PMID: 38325849 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2311692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion, which is usually associated with head injuries, has received considerable attention in recent years because of its possible long-term cognitive and visual consequences. The review summarised the mild traumatic brain injury literature. Pupillary dynamics, which are primarily mediated by the autonomic nervous system, play an important function in regulating the amount of light entering the eye, but they can be dramatically impacted after a concussion. This can result in aberrant pupillary responses, which may have ramifications for light sensitivity, a common post-concussion symptom. In concussed individuals, accommodation and vergence - the visual processes responsible for focusing on near and distant objects - might be interrupted, potentially leading to fuzzy vision, eyestrain, and difficulty with tasks that require precise visual coordination. Understanding the delicate interplay between these three components of vision in the setting of concussions is critical for creating more targeted diagnostic and rehabilitative techniques, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those who have had head injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Dutta
- Department of Optometry, Ridley College of Optometry, a unit of Chandraprabha Eye Hospital, Assam, India
| | - Reeta Baishya
- Department of Physiology, Gauhati Medical College, Gauhati, India
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9
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Smirnov IV, Osipova AA, Smirnova MP, Borodinova AA, Volgushev MA, Malyshev AY. Plasticity of Response Properties of Mouse Visual Cortex Neurons Induced by Optogenetic Tetanization In Vivo. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3294-3312. [PMID: 38666936 PMCID: PMC11049003 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterosynaptic plasticity, along with Hebbian homosynaptic plasticity, is an important mechanism ensuring the stable operation of learning neuronal networks. However, whether heterosynaptic plasticity occurs in the whole brain in vivo, and what role(s) in brain function in vivo it could play, remains unclear. Here, we used an optogenetics approach to apply a model of intracellular tetanization, which was established and employed to study heterosynaptic plasticity in brain slices, to study the plasticity of response properties of neurons in the mouse visual cortex in vivo. We show that optogenetically evoked high-frequency bursts of action potentials (optogenetic tetanization) in the principal neurons of the visual cortex induce long-term changes in the responses to visual stimuli. Optogenetic tetanization had distinct effects on responses to different stimuli, as follows: responses to optimal and orthogonal orientations decreased, responses to null direction did not change, and responses to oblique orientations increased. As a result, direction selectivity of the neurons decreased and orientation tuning became broader. Since optogenetic tetanization was a postsynaptic protocol, applied in the absence of sensory stimulation, and, thus, without association of presynaptic activity with bursts of action potentials, the observed changes were mediated by mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity. We conclude that heterosynaptic plasticity can be induced in vivo and propose that it may play important homeostatic roles in operation of neural networks by helping to prevent runaway dynamics of responses to visual stimuli and to keep the tuning of neuronal responses within the range optimized for the encoding of multiple features in population activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smirnov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Aksiniya A. Osipova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Maria P. Smirnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Anastasia A. Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Maxim A. Volgushev
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Alexey Y. Malyshev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow 117485, Russia; (I.V.S.); (A.A.O.); (M.P.S.); (A.A.B.)
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10
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Orellana V. D, Donoghue JP, Vargas-Irwin CE. Low frequency independent components: Internal neuromarkers linking cortical LFPs to behavior. iScience 2024; 27:108310. [PMID: 38303697 PMCID: PMC10831875 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Local field potentials (LFPs) in the primate motor cortex have been shown to reflect information related to volitional movements. However, LFPs are composite signals that receive contributions from multiple neural sources, producing a complex mix of component signals. Using a blind source separation approach, we examined the components of neural activity recorded using multielectrode arrays in motor areas of macaque monkeys during a grasping and lifting task. We found a set of independent components in the low-frequency LFP with high temporal and spatial consistency associated with each task stage. We observed that ICs often arise from electrodes distributed across multiple cortical areas and provide complementary information to external behavioral markers, specifically in task stage detection and trial alignment. Taken together, our results show that it is possible to separate useful independent components of the LFP associated with specific task-related events, potentially representing internal markers of transition between cortical network states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orellana V.
- Engineering Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Faculty of Energy, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - John P. Donoghue
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Robert J and Nancy D Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Robert J and Nancy D Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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11
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Shen Y, Jethe JV, Hehir J, Amaral MM, Ren C, Hao S, Zhou C, Fisher JAN. Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.579513. [PMID: 38370686 PMCID: PMC10871316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported. The brain's ability to provide targeted blood flow to electrically active regions involve a multitude of non-neuronal cell types and signaling pathways in the cerebral vasculature; an open question is whether persistent effects can be attributed, at least partly, to vascular mechanisms. Using a novel in vivo optical approach, we found that microvascular responses, unlike larger vessels which prior investigations have explored, exhibit persistent dilation. This finding and approach offers a heretofore unseen aspect of the effects of FUS in vivo and indicate that concurrent changes in neurovascular function may partially underly persistent neuromodulatory effects.
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12
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Huang L, Hardyman F, Edwards M, Galliano E. Deprivation-Induced Plasticity in the Early Central Circuits of the Rodent Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Systems. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0435-23.2023. [PMID: 38195533 PMCID: PMC11059429 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0435-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is crucial for animals to adapt to dynamic sensory environments. Traditionally, it has been investigated using deprivation approaches in animal models primarily in sensory cortices. Nevertheless, emerging evidence emphasizes its significance in sensory organs and in subcortical regions where cranial nerves relay information to the brain. Additionally, critical questions started to arise. Do different sensory modalities share common cellular mechanisms for deprivation-induced plasticity at these central entry points? Does the deprivation duration correlate with specific plasticity mechanisms? This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes research papers that investigated visual, auditory, or olfactory deprivation in rodents of both sexes. It examines the consequences of sensory deprivation in homologous regions at the first central synapse following cranial nerve transmission (vision - lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus; audition - ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus; olfaction - olfactory bulb). The systematic search yielded 91 papers (39 vision, 22 audition, 30 olfaction), revealing substantial heterogeneity in publication trends, experimental methods, measures of plasticity, and reporting across the sensory modalities. Despite these differences, commonalities emerged when correlating plasticity mechanisms with the duration of sensory deprivation. Short-term deprivation (up to 1 d) reduced activity and increased disinhibition, medium-term deprivation (1 d to a week) involved glial changes and synaptic remodeling, and long-term deprivation (over a week) primarily led to structural alterations. These findings underscore the importance of standardizing methodologies and reporting practices. Additionally, they highlight the value of cross-modal synthesis for understanding how the nervous system, including peripheral, precortical, and cortical areas, respond to and compensate for sensory inputs loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Hardyman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Galliano
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Parameshwarappa V, Norena AJ. The effects of acute and chronic noise trauma on stimulus-evoked activity across primary auditory cortex layers. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:225-240. [PMID: 38198658 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00427.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intense noise environments is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss and auditory perception disorders, such as tinnitus and hyperacusis, which may have a central origin. The effects of noise-induced hearing loss on the auditory cortex have been documented in many studies. One limitation of these studies, however, is that the effects of noise trauma have been mostly studied at the granular layer (i.e, the main cortical recipient of thalamic input), while the cortex is a very complex structure, with six different layers each having its own pattern of connectivity and role in sensory processing. The present study aims to investigate the effects of acute and chronic noise trauma on the laminar pattern of stimulus-evoked activity in the primary auditory cortex of the anesthetized guinea pig. We show that acute and chronic noise trauma are both followed by an increase in stimulus-evoked cortical responses, mostly in the granular and supragranular layers. The cortical responses are more monotonic as a function of the intensity level after noise trauma. There was minimal change, if any, in local field potential (LFP) amplitude after acute noise trauma, while LFP amplitude was enhanced after chronic noise trauma. Finally, LFP and the current source density analysis suggest that acute but more specifically chronic noise trauma is associated with the emergence of a new sink in the supragranular layer. This result suggests that supragranular layers become a major input recipient. We discuss the possible mechanisms and functional implications of these changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that cortical activity is enhanced after trauma and that the sequence of cortical column activation during stimulus-evoked response is altered, i.e. the supragranular layer becomes a major input recipient. We speculate that these large cortical changes may play a key role in the auditory hypersensitivity (hyperacusis) that can be triggered after noise trauma in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Parameshwarappa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud J Norena
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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14
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Eisenstein T, Furman-Haran E, Tal A. Early excitatory-inhibitory cortical modifications following skill learning are associated with motor memory consolidation and plasticity overnight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:906. [PMID: 38291029 PMCID: PMC10828487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Consolidation of motor memories is vital to offline enhancement of new motor skills and involves short and longer-term offline processes following learning. While emerging evidence link glutamate and GABA dynamics in the primary motor cortex (M1) to online motor skill practice, its relationship with offline consolidation processes in humans is unclear. Using two-day repeated measures of behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging data before and following motor sequence learning, we show that short-term glutamatergic and GABAergic responses in M1 within minutes after learning were associated with longer-term learning-induced functional, structural, and behavioral modifications overnight. Furthermore, Glutamatergic and GABAergic modifications were differentially associated with different facets of motor memory consolidation. Our results point to unique and distinct roles of Glutamate and GABA in motor memory consolidation processes in the human brain across timescales and mechanistic levels, tying short-term changes on the neurochemical level to overnight changes in macroscale structure, function, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Eisenstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Edna Furman-Haran
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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15
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Eisenstein T, Furman-Haran E, Tal A. Increased cortical inhibition following brief motor memory reactivation supports reconsolidation and overnight offline learning gains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303985120. [PMID: 38113264 PMCID: PMC10756311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303985120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Practicing motor skills stabilizes and strengthens motor memories by repeatedly reactivating and reconsolidating them. The conventional view, by which a repetitive practice is required for substantially improving skill performance, has been recently challenged by behavioral experiments, in which even brief reactivations of the motor memory have led to significant improvements in skill performance. However, the mechanisms which facilitate brief reactivation-induced skill improvements remain elusive. While initial memory consolidation has been repeatedly associated with increased neural excitation and disinhibition, reconsolidation has been shown to involve a poorly understood mixture of both excitatory and inhibitory alterations. Here, we followed a 3-d reactivation-reconsolidation framework to examine whether the excitatory/inhibitory mechanisms which underlie brief reactivation and repetitive practice differ. Healthy volunteers practiced a motor sequence learning task using either brief reactivation or repetitive practice and were assessed using ultrahigh field (7T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the primary motor cortex (M1). We found that increased inhibition (GABA concentrations) and decreased excitation/inhibition (glutamate/GABA ratios) immediately following the brief reactivation were associated with overnight offline performance gains. These gains were on par with those exhibited following repetitive practice, where no correlations with inhibitory or excitatory changes were observed. Our findings suggest that brief reactivation and repetitive practice depend on fundamentally different neural mechanisms and that early inhibition-and not excitation-is particularly important in supporting the learning gains exhibited by brief reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Eisenstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Edna Furman-Haran
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
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16
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Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A, Gholami M, Marashi SH, Hejazi S. Heterosynaptic plasticity-induced modulation of synapses. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:33. [PMID: 38057729 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity is a common feature of synapses that is stated in different ways and occurs through several mechanisms. The regular action of the brain needs to be balanced in several neuronal and synaptic features, one of which is synaptic plasticity. The different homeostatic processes, including the balance between excitation/inhibition or homeostasis of synaptic weights at the single-neuron level, may obtain this. Homosynaptic Hebbian-type plasticity causes associative alterations of synapses. Both homosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity characterize the corresponding aspects of adjustable synapses, and both are essential for the regular action of neural systems and their plastic synapses.In this review, we will compare homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity and the main factors affecting the direction of plastic changes. This review paper will also discuss the diverse functions of the different kinds of heterosynaptic plasticity and their properties. We argue that a complementary system of heterosynaptic plasticity demonstrates an essential cellular constituent for homeostatic modulation of synaptic weights and neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Sara Hejazi
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
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17
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Pak S, Lee M, Lee S, Zhao H, Baeg E, Yang S, Yang S. Cortical surface plasticity promotes map remodeling and alleviates tinnitus in adult mice. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102543. [PMID: 37924858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus induced by hearing loss is caused primarily by irreversible damage to the peripheral auditory system, which results in abnormal neural responses and frequency map disruption in the central auditory system. It remains unclear whether and how electrical rehabilitation of the auditory cortex can alleviate tinnitus. We hypothesize that stimulation of the cortical surface can alleviate tinnitus by enhancing neural responses and promoting frequency map reorganization. To test this hypothesis, we assessed and activated cortical maps using our newly designed graphene-based electrode array with a noise-induced tinnitus animal model. We found that cortical surface stimulation increased cortical activity, reshaped sensory maps, and alleviated hearing loss-induced tinnitus behavior in adult mice. These effects were likely due to retained long-term synaptic potentiation capabilities, as shown in cortical slices from the mice model. These findings suggest that cortical surface activation can be used to facilitate practical functional recovery from phantom percepts induced by sensory deprivation. They also provide a working principle for various treatment methods that involve electrical rehabilitation of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; gBrain Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Eunha Baeg
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Center for Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; gBrain Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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18
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de Souza DLS, Costa HMGES, Neta FI, Morais PLADG, Guerra LMDM, Guzen FP, de Oliveira LC, Cavalcanti JRLDP, de Albuquerque CC, de Vasconcelos CL. Brain Neuroplasticity after Treatment with Antiseizure: A Review. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:665-675. [PMID: 37859439 PMCID: PMC10591163 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures. Seizures can be controlled by antiseizure medications, which can improve the lives of individuals with epilepsy when given proper treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to review the scientific literature on brain neuroplasticity after treatment with antiseizure drugs in different regions of the brain. According to the findings, that several antiseizure, such as lamotrigine, diazepam, levetiracetam, and valproic acid, in addition to controlling seizures, can also act on neuroplasticity in different brain regions. The study of this topic becomes important, as it will help to understand the neuroplastic mechanisms of these drugs, in addition to helping to improve the effectiveness of these drugs in controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lopes Silva de Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Francisca Idalina Neta
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Marcos de Medeiros Guerra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Claudio Lopes de Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
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19
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Lammert JM, Levine AT, Koshkebaghi D, Butler BE. Sign language experience has little effect on face and biomotion perception in bimodal bilinguals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15328. [PMID: 37714887 PMCID: PMC10504335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory and language experience can affect brain organization and domain-general abilities. For example, D/deaf individuals show superior visual perception compared to hearing controls in several domains, including the perception of faces and peripheral motion. While these enhancements may result from sensory loss and subsequent neural plasticity, they may also reflect experience using a visual-manual language, like American Sign Language (ASL), where signers must process moving hand signs and facial cues simultaneously. In an effort to disentangle these concurrent sensory experiences, we examined how learning sign language influences visual abilities by comparing bimodal bilinguals (i.e., sign language users with typical hearing) and hearing non-signers. Bimodal bilinguals and hearing non-signers completed online psychophysical measures of face matching and biological motion discrimination. No significant group differences were observed across these two tasks, suggesting that sign language experience is insufficient to induce perceptual advantages in typical-hearing adults. However, ASL proficiency (but not years of experience or age of acquisition) was found to predict performance on the motion perception task among bimodal bilinguals. Overall, the results presented here highlight a need for more nuanced study of how linguistic environments, sensory experience, and cognitive functions impact broad perceptual processes and underlying neural correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lammert
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building Room 6126, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building Room 6126, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Dursa Koshkebaghi
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building Room 6126, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
- National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research, London, Canada.
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20
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Sha MFR, Koga Y, Murata Y, Taniguchi M, Yamaguchi M. Learning-dependent structural plasticity of intracortical and sensory connections to functional domains of the olfactory tubercle. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1247375. [PMID: 37680965 PMCID: PMC10480507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1247375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT), which is a component of the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum, has functional domains that play a role in odor-guided motivated behaviors. Learning odor-guided attractive and aversive behavior activates the anteromedial (am) and lateral (l) domains of the OT, respectively. However, the mechanism driving learning-dependent activation of specific OT domains remains unknown. We hypothesized that the neuronal connectivity of OT domains is plastically altered through olfactory experience. To examine the plastic potential of synaptic connections to OT domains, we optogenetically stimulated intracortical inputs from the piriform cortex or sensory inputs from the olfactory bulb to the OT in mice in association with a food reward for attractive learning and electrical foot shock for aversive learning. For both intracortical and sensory connections, axon boutons that terminated in the OT domains were larger in the amOT than in the lOT for mice exhibiting attractive learning and larger in the lOT than in the amOT for mice exhibiting aversive learning. These results indicate that both intracortical and sensory connections to the OT domains have learning-dependent plastic potential, suggesting that this plasticity underlies learning-dependent activation of specific OT domains and the acquisition of appropriate motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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21
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Dinse HR, Höffken O, Tegenthoff M. Cortical excitability in human somatosensory and visual cortex: implications for plasticity and learning - a minireview. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1235487. [PMID: 37662638 PMCID: PMC10469727 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1235487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of excitation and inhibition plays a key role in plasticity and learning. A frequently used, reliable approach to assess intracortical inhibition relies on measuring paired-pulse behavior. Moreover, recent developments of magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows measuring GABA and glutamate concentrations. We give an overview about approaches employed to obtain information about excitatory states in human participants and discuss their putative relation. We summarize paired-pulse techniques and basic findings characterizing paired-pulse suppression in somatosensory (SI) and (VI) visual areas. Paired-pulse suppression describes the effect of paired sensory stimulation at short interstimulus intervals where the cortical response to the second stimulus is significantly suppressed. Simultaneous assessments of paired-pulse suppression in SI and VI indicated that cortical excitability is not a global phenomenon, but instead reflects the properties of local sensory processing. We review studies using non-invasive brain stimulation and perceptual learning experiments that assessed both perceptual changes and accompanying changes of cortical excitability in parallel. Independent of the nature of the excitation/inhibition marker used these data imply a close relationship between altered excitability and altered performance. These results suggest a framework where increased or decreased excitability is linked with improved or impaired perceptual performance. Recent findings have expanded the potential role of cortical excitability by demonstrating that inhibition markers such as GABA concentrations, paired-pulse suppression or alpha power predict to a substantial degree subsequent perceptual learning outcome. This opens the door for a targeted intervention where subsequent plasticity and learning processes are enhanced by altering prior baseline states of excitability.
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Meiser S, Sleeboom JM, Arkhypchuk I, Sandbote K, Kretzberg J. Cell anatomy and network input explain differences within but not between leech touch cells at two different locations. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1186997. [PMID: 37565030 PMCID: PMC10411907 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1186997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory cells in the leech share several common features with mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin. Previous studies showed that the six T (touch) cells in each body segment of the leech are highly variable in their responses to somatic current injection and change their excitability over time. Here, we investigate three potential reasons for this variability in excitability by comparing the responses of T cells at two soma locations (T2 and T3): (1) Differential effects of time-dependent changes in excitability, (2) divergent synaptic input from the network, and (3) different anatomical structures. These hypotheses were explored with a combination of electrophysiological double recordings, 3D reconstruction of neurobiotin-filled cells, and compartmental model simulations. Current injection triggered significantly more spikes with shorter latency and larger amplitudes in cells at soma location T2 than at T3. During longer recordings, cells at both locations increased their excitability over time in the same way. T2 and T3 cells received the same amount of synaptic input from the unstimulated network, and the polysynaptic connections between both T cells were mutually symmetric. However, we found a striking anatomical difference: While in our data set all T2 cells innervated two roots connecting the ganglion with the skin, 50% of the T3 cells had only one root process. The sub-sample of T3 cells with one root process was significantly less excitable than the T3 cells with two root processes and the T2 cells. To test if the additional root process causes higher excitability, we simulated the responses of 3D reconstructed cells of both anatomies with detailed multi-compartment models. The anatomical subtypes do not differ in excitability when identical biophysical parameters and a homogeneous channel distribution are assumed. Hence, all three hypotheses may contribute to the highly variable T cell responses, but none of them is the only factor accounting for the observed systematic difference in excitability between cells at T2 vs. T3 soma location. Therefore, future patch clamp and modeling studies are needed to analyze how biophysical properties and spatial distribution of ion channels on the cell surface contribute to the variability and systematic differences of electrophysiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Meiser
- Department of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jana Marie Sleeboom
- Department of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ihor Arkhypchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Sandbote
- Department of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kretzberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Faculty VI, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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23
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Gheres KW, Ünsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:738. [PMID: 37460780 PMCID: PMC10352318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drive vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hayreddin S Ünsal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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24
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Jeste DV, Malaspina D, Bagot K, Barch DM, Cole S, Dickerson F, Dilmore A, Ford CL, Karcher NR, Luby J, Rajji T, Pinto-Tomas AA, Young LJ. Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:867-880. [PMID: 37023360 PMCID: PMC10318888 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD). STUDY DESIGN We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD. STUDY RESULTS This review of the biology of SDoHs focuses on early-life adversities, poverty, social disconnection, discrimination including racism, migration, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and food insecurity. These factors interact with psychological and biological factors to increase the risk and worsen the course and prognosis of schizophrenia. Published studies on the topic are limited by cross-sectional design, variable clinical and biomarker assessments, heterogeneous methods, and a lack of control for confounding variables. Drawing on preclinical and clinical studies, we propose a biological framework to consider the likely pathogenesis. Putative systemic pathophysiological processes include epigenetics, allostatic load, accelerated aging with inflammation (inflammaging), and the microbiome. These processes affect neural structures, brain function, neurochemistry, and neuroplasticity, impacting the development of psychosis, quality of life, cognitive impairment, physical comorbidities, and premature mortality. Our model provides a framework for research that could lead to developing specific strategies for prevention and treatment of the risk factors and biological processes, thereby improving the quality of life and increasing the longevity of people with SSPD. CONCLUSIONS Biology of SDoHs in SSPD is an exciting area of research that points to innovative multidisciplinary team science for improving the course and prognosis of these serious psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Retired), CA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Department of Psychology, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Dilmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Ford
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry (Child), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrián A Pinto-Tomas
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Wu S, Stogios N, Hahn M, Navagnanavel J, Emami Z, Chintoh A, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A, Rajji TK, Remington G, Agarwal SM. Outcomes and clinical implications of intranasal insulin on cognition in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286887. [PMID: 37379265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant brain insulin signaling has been posited to lie at the crossroads of several metabolic and cognitive disorders. Intranasal insulin (INI) is a non-invasive approach that allows investigation and modulation of insulin signaling in the brain while limiting peripheral side effects. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of INI on cognition in diverse patient populations and healthy individuals. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically searched from 2000 to July 2021. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of INI on cognition. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted relevant descriptive and outcome data. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies (pooled N = 1,726) in healthy individuals as well as those with Alzheimer's disease (AD)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mental health disorders, metabolic disorders, among others, were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. Patients with AD/MCI treated with INI were more likely to show an improvement in global cognition (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.38 p = <0.00001, N = 12 studies). Among studies with healthy individuals and other patient populations, no significant effects of INI were found for global cognition. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that INI may be associated with pro-cognitive benefits for global cognition, specifically for individuals with AD/MCI. Further studies are required to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms and differences in etiology to dissect the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to the treatment response of INI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wu
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicolette Stogios
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Zahra Emami
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Araba Chintoh
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Seybert C, Cotovio G, Rodrigues da Silva D, Faro Viana F, Pereira P, Oliveira-Maia AJ. Replicability of motor cortex-excitability modulation by intermittent theta burst stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 152:22-33. [PMID: 37269770 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows for cortical-excitability (CE) assessment and its modulation has been associated with neuroplasticity-like phenomena, thought to be impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the stability of these measures has been challenged, defying their potential as biomarkers. This study aimed to test the temporal stability of cortical-excitability modulation and study the impact of individual and methodological factors in determining within- and between-subject variability. METHODS We recruited healthy-subjects to assess motor cortex (MC) excitability modulation, collecting motor evoked potentials (MEP) from both hemispheres, before and after left-sided intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), to obtain a measure of MEPs change (delta-MEPs). To assess stability across-time, the protocol was repeated after 6 weeks. Socio-demographic and psychological variables were collected to test association with delta-MEPs. RESULTS We found modulatory effects on left MC and not on right hemisphere following iTBS of left MC. Left delta-MEP was stable across-time when performed immediately after iTBS (ICC = 0.69), only when obtained first in left hemisphere. We discovered similar results in a replication cohort testing only left MC (ICC = 0.68). No meaningful associations were found between demographic and psychological factors and delta-MEPs. CONCLUSIONS Delta-MEP is stable immediately after modulation and not impacted by different individual factors, including expectation about TMS-effect. SIGNIFICANCE Motor cortex excitability modulation immediately after iTBS should be further explored as a potential biomarker for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Seybert
- Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cotovio
- Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Faro Viana
- Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Physics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Portuguese Red Cross Health School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albino J Oliveira-Maia
- Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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27
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Echeverria V, Mendoza C, Iarkov A. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and learning and memory deficits in Neuroinflammatory diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179611. [PMID: 37255751 PMCID: PMC10225599 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal survival depends on cognitive abilities such as learning and memory to adapt to environmental changes. Memory functions require an enhanced activity and connectivity of a particular arrangement of engram neurons, supported by the concerted action of neurons, glia, and vascular cells. The deterioration of the cholinergic system is a common occurrence in neurological conditions exacerbated by aging such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cotinine is a cholinergic modulator with neuroprotective, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and memory-enhancing effects. Current evidence suggests Cotinine's beneficial effects on cognition results from the positive modulation of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and the inhibition of the toll-like receptors (TLRs). The α7nAChR affects brain functions by modulating the function of neurons, glia, endothelial, immune, and dendritic cells and regulates inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission throughout the GABA interneurons. In addition, Cotinine acting on the α7 nAChRs and TLR reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the immune cells. Also, α7nAChRs stimulate signaling pathways supporting structural, biochemical, electrochemical, and cellular changes in the Central nervous system during the cognitive processes, including Neurogenesis. Here, the mechanisms of memory formation as well as potential mechanisms of action of Cotinine on memory preservation in aging and neurological diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Research and Development Department, Bay Pines VAHCS, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Odontologia y Ciencias de la Rehabilitacion, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex Iarkov
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
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28
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Yavuz Y, Ozen DO, Erol ZY, Goren H, Yilmaz B. Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121366. [PMID: 36858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health. Recently, some EDCs are suggested to affect energy metabolism leading to increased risk of obesity. Obesogenic effects of some EDCs on adipogenesis have been reported, however, there is no study examining their potential actions on the brain circuits controlling feeding and metabolism. We have investigated effects of tributyltin (TBT) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) on electrical activity on dorsomedial hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons (DMHLepR), morphological adaptations in neuronal anatomy of DMHLepR, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Twenty-three Lep-Cre transgenic mice were intracranially injected with GFP virus. Control animals received intraperitoneal corn oil alone while group 2 and 3 received TBT (25 μg/kg) and p,p'-DDT (2 mg/kg) for one month. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior of the animals were determined by open field test. Electrophysiological effects of TBT and p,p'-DDT on DMHLepR neurons were determined by patch clamp method. Neuronal anatomy was determined by confocal microscopy. Spontaneous firing frequency of DMHLepR neurons of TBT group of mice was significantly higher than both p,p'-DDT and control groups (p < 0.01). TBT and p,p'-DDT significantly decreased frequency of the spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents to DMHLepR neurons compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The time spent in the center and the number of entrances to the center by the TBT-administered mice were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.01). The total distance traveled and mean speed of the control group of mice were significantly higher than the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals (p < 0.0001). c-Fos activity of the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while no change in the number of dendritic spines were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to TBT and p,p'-DDT alters electrical activity in DMHLepR neurons and behavioral state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Oyku Ozen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yagmur Erol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Habibe Goren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Markiewicz R, Borowski B, Dobrowolska B, Łoza B. Self-Regulatory Neuronal Mechanisms and Long-Term Challenges in Schizophrenia Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040651. [PMID: 37190616 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and relapsing disorder that is characterized not only by delusions and hallucinations but also mainly by the progressive development of cognitive and social deficits. These deficits are related to impaired synaptic plasticity and impaired neurotransmission in the nervous system. Currently, technological innovations and medical advances make it possible to use various self-regulatory methods to improve impaired synaptic plasticity. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of various rehabilitation methods, we reviewed methods that modify synaptic plasticity and improve the cognitive and executive processes of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched with the keywords mentioned below. A total of 555 records were identified. Modern methods of schizophrenia therapy with neuroplastic potential, including neurofeedback, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, virtual reality therapy, and cognitive remediation therapy, were reviewed and analyzed. Since randomized controlled studies of long-term schizophrenia treatment do not exceed 2-3 years, and the pharmacological treatment itself has an incompletely estimated benefit-risk ratio, treatment methods based on other paradigms, including neuronal self-regulatory and neural plasticity mechanisms, should be considered. Methods available for monitoring neuroplastic effects in vivo (e.g., fMRI, neuropeptides in serum), as well as unfavorable parameters (e.g., features of the metabolic syndrome), enable individualized monitoring of the effectiveness of long-term treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Markiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Borowski
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Dobrowolska
- Department of Holistic Care and Management in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Łoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Chen HF, Sheng XN, Yang ZY, Shao PF, Xu HH, Qin RM, Zhao H, Bai F. Multi-networks connectivity at baseline predicts the clinical efficacy of left angular gyrus-navigated rTMS in the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease: A sham-controlled study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36942495 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective in alleviating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the strategy for target determination and the mechanisms for cognitive improvement remain unclear. METHODS One hundred and thirteen elderly subjects were recruited in this study, including both cross-sectional (n = 79) and longitudinal experiments (the rTMS group: n = 24; the sham group: n = 10). The cross-sectional experiment explored the precise intervention target based on the cortical-hippocampal network. The longitudinal experiment investigated the clinical efficacy of neuro-navigated rTMS treatment over a four-week period and explored its underlying neural mechanism using seed-based and network-based analysis. Finally, we applied connectome-based predictive modeling to predict the rTMS response using these functional features at baseline. RESULTS RTMS at a targeted site of the left angular gyrus (MNI: -45, -67, 38) significantly induced cognitive improvement in memory and language function (p < 0.001). The improved cognition correlated with the default mode network (DMN) subsystems. Furthermore, the connectivity patterns of DMN subsystems (r = 0.52, p = 0.01) or large-scale networks (r = 0.85, p = 0.001) at baseline significantly predicted the Δ language cognition after the rTMS treatment. The connectivity patterns of DMN subsystems (r = 0.47, p = 0.019) or large-scale networks (r = 0.80, p = 0.001) at baseline could predict the Δ memory cognition after the rTMS treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neuro-navigated rTMS targeting the left angular gyrus could improve cognitive function in AD patients. Importantly, dynamic regulation of the intra- and inter-DMN at baseline may represent a potential predictor for favorable rTMS treatment response in patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng-Heng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruo-Meng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Chen S, Yang Q, Lim S. Efficient inference of synaptic plasticity rule with Gaussian process regression. iScience 2023; 26:106182. [PMID: 36879810 PMCID: PMC9985048 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding the form of synaptic plasticity is critical to understanding its functions underlying learning and memory. We investigated an efficient method to infer synaptic plasticity rules in various experimental settings. We considered biologically plausible models fitting a wide range of in-vitro studies and examined the recovery of their firing-rate dependence from sparse and noisy data. Among the methods assuming low-rankness or smoothness of plasticity rules, Gaussian process regression (GPR), a nonparametric Bayesian approach, performs the best. Under the conditions measuring changes in synaptic weights directly or measuring changes in neural activities as indirect observables of synaptic plasticity, which leads to different inference problems, GPR performs well. Also, GPR could simultaneously recover multiple plasticity rules and robustly perform under various plasticity rules and noise levels. Such flexibility and efficiency, particularly at the low sampling regime, make GPR suitable for recent experimental developments and inferring a broader class of plasticity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Chen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Lewis Hall 201, Box 353925, Seattle, WA 98195-3925, USA.,Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Qixin Yang
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, The Suzanne and Charles Goodman Brain Sciences Building, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.,Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Sukbin Lim
- Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
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32
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Clark KB. Neural Field Continuum Limits and the Structure–Function Partitioning of Cognitive–Emotional Brain Networks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030352. [PMID: 36979044 PMCID: PMC10045557 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In The cognitive-emotional brain, Pessoa overlooks continuum effects on nonlinear brain network connectivity by eschewing neural field theories and physiologically derived constructs representative of neuronal plasticity. The absence of this content, which is so very important for understanding the dynamic structure-function embedding and partitioning of brains, diminishes the rich competitive and cooperative nature of neural networks and trivializes Pessoa’s arguments, and similar arguments by other authors, on the phylogenetic and operational significance of an optimally integrated brain filled with variable-strength neural connections. Riemannian neuromanifolds, containing limit-imposing metaplastic Hebbian- and antiHebbian-type control variables, simulate scalable network behavior that is difficult to capture from the simpler graph-theoretic analysis preferred by Pessoa and other neuroscientists. Field theories suggest the partitioning and performance benefits of embedded cognitive-emotional networks that optimally evolve between exotic classical and quantum computational phases, where matrix singularities and condensations produce degenerate structure-function homogeneities unrealistic of healthy brains. Some network partitioning, as opposed to unconstrained embeddedness, is thus required for effective execution of cognitive-emotional network functions and, in our new era of neuroscience, should be considered a critical aspect of proper brain organization and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Clark
- Cures Within Reach, Chicago, IL 60602, USA;
- Felidae Conservation Fund, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA
- Campus and Domain Champions Program, Multi-Tier Assistance, Training, and Computational Help (MATCH) Track, National Science Foundation’s Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services and Support (ACCESS), https://access-ci.org/
- Expert Network, Penn Center for Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Network for Life Detection (NfoLD), NASA Astrobiology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA
- Multi-Omics and Systems Biology & Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Analysis Working Groups, NASA GeneLab, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA
- Frontier Development Lab, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA & SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Peace Innovation Institute, The Hague 2511, Netherlands & Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Shared Interest Group for Natural and Artificial Intelligence (sigNAI), Max Planck Alumni Association, 14057 Berlin, Germany
- Biometrics and Nanotechnology Councils, Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), New York, NY 10016, USA
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33
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Gheres KW, Ãœnsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529057. [PMID: 36824895 PMCID: PMC9949139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Significance Statement In the adult brain, increases in neural activity are often followed by vasodilation, allowing activity to be monitored using optical or magnetic resonance imaging. However, in neonates, sensory stimulation can drive vasoconstriction, whose origin was not understood. We used optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to investigate hemodynamics in neonatal mice. We found that sensory-induced vasoconstriction occurred when the mice were asleep, as sleep is associated with dilation of the vasculature of the brain relative to the awake state. The stimulus awakens the mice, causing a constriction due to the arousal state change. Our study shows the importance of monitoring arousal state, particularly when investigating subjects that may sleep, and the dominance arousal effects on brain hemodynamics.
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34
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Halter M, Bégon-Lours L, Sousa M, Popoff Y, Drechsler U, Bragaglia V, Offrein BJ. A multi-timescale synaptic weight based on ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2023; 4:14. [PMID: 36843629 PMCID: PMC9936949 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-023-00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain-inspired computing emerged as a forefront technology to harness the growing amount of data generated in an increasingly connected society. The complex dynamics involving short- and long-term memory are key to the undisputed performance of biological neural networks. Here, we report on sub-µm-sized artificial synaptic weights exploiting a combination of a ferroelectric space charge effect and oxidation state modulation in the oxide channel of a ferroelectric field effect transistor. They lead to a quasi-continuous resistance tuning of the synapse by a factor of 60 and a fine-grained weight update of more than 200 resistance values. We leverage a fast, saturating ferroelectric effect and a slow, ionic drift and diffusion process to engineer a multi-timescale artificial synapse. Our device demonstrates an endurance of more than 10 10 cycles, a ferroelectric retention of more than 10 years, and various types of volatility behavior on distinct timescales, making it well suited for neuromorphic and cognitive computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Halter
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich - Integrated Systems Laboratory, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Lumiphase AG, CH-8712 Stäfa, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bégon-Lours
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Marilyne Sousa
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Youri Popoff
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich - Integrated Systems Laboratory, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Drechsler
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Bragaglia
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Bert Jan Offrein
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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35
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Washington KM, Solari MG, Zanoun RR, Kwegyir-Afful EE, Su AJA, Carvell GE, Lee WPA, Simons DJ. Cortical reintegration after facial allotransplantation. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:421-430. [PMID: 36542405 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00349.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity of the brain or its ability to reorganize following injury has likely coincided with the successful clinical correction of severe deformity by facial transplantation since 2005. In this study, we present the cortical reintegration outcomes following syngeneic hemifacial vascularized composite allograft (VCA) in a small animal model. Specifically, changes in the topographic organization and unit response properties of the rodent whisker-barrel somatosensory system were assessed following hemifacial VCA. Clear differences emerged in the barrel-cortex system when comparing naïve and hemiface transplanted animals. Neurons in the somatosensory cortex of transplanted rats had decreased sensitivity albeit increased directional sensitivity compared with naïve rats and evoked responses in transplanted animals were more temporally dispersed. In addition, receptive fields were often topographically mismatched with the indication that the mismatched topography reorganized within adjacent barrel (same row-arc bias following hemifacial transplant). These results suggest subcortical changes in the thalamus and/or brainstem play a role in hemifacial transplantation cortical plasticity and demonstrate the discrete and robust data that can be derived from this clinically relevant small animal VCA model for use in optimizing postsurgical outcomes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Robust rodent hemifacial transplant model was used to record functional changes in somatosensory cortex after transplantation. Neurons in the somatosensory cortex of face transplant recipients had decreased sensitivity to stimulation of whiskers with increased directional sensitivity vs. naive rats. Transplant recipient cortical unit response was more dispersed in temporary vs. naive rats. Despite histological similarities to naive cortices, transplant recipient cortices had a mix of topographically appropriate and inappropriate whiskered at barrel cortex relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia M Washington
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mario G Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rami R Zanoun
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest E Kwegyir-Afful
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - An-Jey A Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - George E Carvell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W P Andrew Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel J Simons
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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36
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Fetterman GC, Margoliash D. Rhythmically bursting songbird vocomotor neurons are organized into multiple sequences, suggesting a network/intrinsic properties model encoding song and error, not time. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525213. [PMID: 36747673 PMCID: PMC9900798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In zebra finch, basal ganglia projecting "HVC X " neurons emit one or more spike bursts during each song motif (canonical sequence of syllables), which are thought to be driven in part by a process of spike rebound excitation. Zebra finch songs are highly stereotyped and recent results indicate that the intrinsic properties of HVC X neurons are similar within each bird, vary among birds depending on similarity of the songs, and vary with song errors. We tested the hypothesis that the timing of spike bursts during singing also evince individual-specific distributions. Examining previously published data, we demonstrated that the intervals between bursts of multibursting HVC X are similar for neurons within each bird, in many cases highly clustered at distinct peaks, with the patterns varying among birds. The fixed delay between bursts and different times when neurons are first recruited in the song yields precisely timed multiple sequences of bursts throughout the song, not the previously envisioned single sequence of bursts treated as events having statistically independent timing. A given moment in time engages multiple sequences and both single bursting and multibursting HVC X simultaneously. This suggests a model where a population of HVC X sharing common intrinsic properties driving spike rebound excitation influence the timing of a given HVC X burst through lateral inhibitory interactions. Perturbations in burst timing, representing error, could propagate in time. Our results extend the concept of central pattern generators to complex vertebrate vocal learning and suggest that network activity (timing of inhibition) and HVC X intrinsic properties become coordinated during developmental birdsong learning.
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37
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Dinse HR. Developmental neuroscience: Boosting inhibition boosts learning. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R72-R75. [PMID: 36693313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compared to adults, children learn differently and more efficiently. A new study shows that in children a rapid boost of inhibition evoked during learning leads to better stabilization of learned items due to reduced retrograde interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert R Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Lab, Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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38
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Pak S, Jang D, Lee J, Choi G, Shin H, Yang S, Yang S. Hippocampal interlamellar cell-cell connectome that counts. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4037-4048. [PMID: 36063532 PMCID: PMC9826151 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is regarded as a cognition hub, particularly for learning and memory. Previously, neuronal mechanisms underlying various cognitive functions are delineated with the lamellar hippocampal circuitry, dentate gyrus-CA3 or CA2-CA1, within the transverse plane. More recently, interlamellar (often referred to as longitudinal) projections have received intensive attention to help understand signal convergence and divergence in cognition and behavior. Signal propagation along the longitudinal axis is evidenced by axonal arborization patterns and synaptic responses to electro- and photo-stimulation, further demonstrating that information flow is more enriched in the longitudinal plane than the transverse plane. Here, we review the significance of longitudinal connections for cognition, discuss a putative circuit mechanism of place coding, and suggest the reconceptualization of the hippocampal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Pak
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR
| | - Doohyeong Jang
- Department of Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Gona Choi
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR
| | - Hongseong Shin
- Department of Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonSouth Korea
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39
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Tang CX, Chen J, Shao KQ, Liu YH, Zhou XY, Ma CC, Liu MT, Shi MY, Kambey PA, Wang W, Ayanlaja AA, Liu YF, Xu W, Chen G, Wu J, Li X, Gao DS. Blunt dopamine transmission due to decreased GDNF in the PFC evokes cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1107-1117. [PMID: 36255000 PMCID: PMC9827775 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the absence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor may be the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease. However, there have not been any studies conducted on the potential relationship between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease. We first performed a retrospective case-control study at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between September 2018 and January 2020 and found that a decreased serum level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor was a risk factor for cognitive disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. We then established a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and analyzed the potential relationships among glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex, dopamine transmission, and cognitive function. Our results showed that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex weakened dopamine release and transmission by upregulating the presynaptic membrane expression of the dopamine transporter, which led to the loss and primitivization of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons and cognitive impairment. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging data showed that the long-term lack of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduced the connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions, and exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor significantly improved this connectivity. These findings suggested that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex leads to neuroplastic degeneration at the level of synaptic connections and circuits, which results in cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Experinental Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Quan Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Ting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nursing Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Dian-Shuai Gao, .
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40
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Gansel KS. Neural synchrony in cortical networks: mechanisms and implications for neural information processing and coding. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:900715. [PMID: 36262373 PMCID: PMC9574343 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of neuronal discharges on the millisecond scale has long been recognized as a prevalent and functionally important attribute of neural activity. In this article, I review classical concepts and corresponding evidence of the mechanisms that govern the synchronization of distributed discharges in cortical networks and relate those mechanisms to their possible roles in coding and cognitive functions. To accommodate the need for a selective, directed synchronization of cells, I propose that synchronous firing of distributed neurons is a natural consequence of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) that associates cells repetitively receiving temporally coherent input: the “synchrony through synaptic plasticity” hypothesis. Neurons that are excited by a repeated sequence of synaptic inputs may learn to selectively respond to the onset of this sequence through synaptic plasticity. Multiple neurons receiving coherent input could thus actively synchronize their firing by learning to selectively respond at corresponding temporal positions. The hypothesis makes several predictions: first, the position of the cells in the network, as well as the source of their input signals, would be irrelevant as long as their input signals arrive simultaneously; second, repeating discharge patterns should get compressed until all or some part of the signals are synchronized; and third, this compression should be accompanied by a sparsening of signals. In this way, selective groups of cells could emerge that would respond to some recurring event with synchronous firing. Such a learned response pattern could further be modulated by synchronous network oscillations that provide a dynamic, flexible context for the synaptic integration of distributed signals. I conclude by suggesting experimental approaches to further test this new hypothesis.
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41
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Spray J. Disruption in Bio-Psycho-Social Context: Children’s Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand. ANTHROPOLOGICAL FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2022.2113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Spray
- Children’s Studies, School of Education, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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42
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Wang MB, Halassa MM. Thalamocortical contribution to flexible learning in neural systems. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:980-997. [PMID: 36875011 PMCID: PMC9976647 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal brains evolved to optimize behavior in dynamic environments, flexibly selecting actions that maximize future rewards in different contexts. A large body of experimental work indicates that such optimization changes the wiring of neural circuits, appropriately mapping environmental input onto behavioral outputs. A major unsolved scientific question is how optimal wiring adjustments, which must target the connections responsible for rewards, can be accomplished when the relation between sensory inputs, action taken, and environmental context with rewards is ambiguous. The credit assignment problem can be categorized into context-independent structural credit assignment and context-dependent continual learning. In this perspective, we survey prior approaches to these two problems and advance the notion that the brain's specialized neural architectures provide efficient solutions. Within this framework, the thalamus with its cortical and basal ganglia interactions serves as a systems-level solution to credit assignment. Specifically, we propose that thalamocortical interaction is the locus of meta-learning where the thalamus provides cortical control functions that parametrize the cortical activity association space. By selecting among these control functions, the basal ganglia hierarchically guide thalamocortical plasticity across two timescales to enable meta-learning. The faster timescale establishes contextual associations to enable behavioral flexibility, while the slower one enables generalization to new contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mien Brabeeba Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael M. Halassa
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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43
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Wang X, Li H. Chronic high-fat diet induces overeating and impairs synaptic transmission in feeding-related brain regions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019446. [PMID: 36226318 PMCID: PMC9549200 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to overeating, which can exacerbate unhealthy weight gain. However, the mechanisms for mediating such linkages are elusive. In the current study, we hypothesized that synaptic remodeling occurs in feeding-related brain regions of obese mice. To investigate this, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and observed that these mice consumed excessive calories. The effect of chronic HFD feeding on lipid droplet accumulation in different brain structures was also investigated. We found that lipid droplets accumulated on the ependyma of the third ventricle (3V), which is surrounded by key areas of the hypothalamus that are involved in feeding. Then, the spontaneous synaptic activity of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) was recorded in these hypothalamic areas. HFD induced a decreased amplitude of mEPSC in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), meanwhile, increased the frequency in the VMH. In addition, HFD reduced the frequency of mIPSC in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and increased the amplitude of mIPSC in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Subsequently, we also measured the synaptic activity of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons, which play a vital role in the hedonic aspect of eating, and discovered that HFD diminished the frequency of both mEPSC and mIPSC in the NAc. These findings suggest that chronic HFD feeding leads to lipid accumulation and synaptic dysfunction in specific brain regions, which are associated with energy homeostasis and reward regulation, and these impairments may lead to the overeating of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
| | - Haohong Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontier Research Center of Brain and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Haohong Li,
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Miehl C, Onasch S, Festa D, Gjorgjieva J. Formation and computational implications of assemblies in neural circuits. J Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36068723 DOI: 10.1113/jp282750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, patterns of neural activity represent sensory information and store it in non-random synaptic connectivity. A prominent theoretical hypothesis states that assemblies, groups of neurons that are strongly connected to each other, are the key computational units underlying perception and memory formation. Compatible with these hypothesised assemblies, experiments have revealed groups of neurons that display synchronous activity, either spontaneously or upon stimulus presentation, and exhibit behavioural relevance. While it remains unclear how assemblies form in the brain, theoretical work has vastly contributed to the understanding of various interacting mechanisms in this process. Here, we review the recent theoretical literature on assembly formation by categorising the involved mechanisms into four components: synaptic plasticity, symmetry breaking, competition and stability. We highlight different approaches and assumptions behind assembly formation and discuss recent ideas of assemblies as the key computational unit in the brain. Abstract figure legend Assembly Formation. Assemblies are groups of strongly connected neurons formed by the interaction of multiple mechanisms and with vast computational implications. Four interacting components are thought to drive assembly formation: synaptic plasticity, symmetry breaking, competition and stability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Miehl
- Computation in Neural Circuits, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Onasch
- Computation in Neural Circuits, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Dylan Festa
- Computation in Neural Circuits, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- Computation in Neural Circuits, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Stimulus presentation can enhance spiking irregularity across subcortical and cortical regions. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010256. [PMID: 35789328 PMCID: PMC9286274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus presentation is believed to quench neural response variability as measured by fano-factor (FF). However, the relative contributions of within-trial spike irregularity and trial-to-trial rate variability to FF fluctuations have remained elusive. Here, we introduce a principled approach for accurate estimation of spiking irregularity and rate variability in time for doubly stochastic point processes. Consistent with previous evidence, analysis showed stimulus-induced reduction in rate variability across multiple cortical and subcortical areas. However, unlike what was previously thought, spiking irregularity, was not constant in time but could be enhanced due to factors such as bursting abating the quench in the post-stimulus FF. Simulations confirmed plausibility of a time varying spiking irregularity arising from within and between pool correlations of excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs. By accurate parsing of neural variability, our approach reveals previously unnoticed changes in neural response variability and constrains candidate mechanisms that give rise to observed rate variability and spiking irregularity within brain regions. Mounting evidence suggest neural response variability to be important for understanding and constraining the underlying neural mechanisms in a given brain area. Here, by analyzing responses across multiple brain areas and by using a principled method for parsing variability components into rate variability and spiking irregularity, we show that unlike what was previously thought, event-related quench of variability is not a brain-wide phenomenon and that point process variability and nonrenewal bursting can enhance post-stimulus spiking irregularity across certain cortical and subcortical regions. We propose possible presynaptic mechanisms that may underlie the observed heterogeneities in spiking variability across the brain.
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46
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Salehinejad MA, Ghanavati E, Reinders J, Hengstler JG, Kuo MF, A Nitsche M. Sleep-dependent upscaled excitability, saturated neuroplasticity, and modulated cognition in the human brain. eLife 2022; 11:69308. [PMID: 35666097 PMCID: PMC9225005 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep strongly affects synaptic strength, making it critical for cognition, especially learning and memory formation. Whether and how sleep deprivation modulates human brain physiology and cognition is not well understood. Here we examined how overnight sleep deprivation vs overnight sufficient sleep affects (a) cortical excitability, measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation, (b) inducibility of long-term potentiation (LTP)- and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (c) learning, memory, and attention. The results suggest that sleep deprivation upscales cortical excitability due to enhanced glutamate-related cortical facilitation and decreases and/or reverses GABAergic cortical inhibition. Furthermore, tDCS-induced LTP-like plasticity (anodal) abolishes while the inhibitory LTD-like plasticity (cathodal) converts to excitatory LTP-like plasticity under sleep deprivation. This is associated with increased EEG theta oscillations due to sleep pressure. Finally, we show that learning and memory formation, behavioral counterparts of plasticity, and working memory and attention, which rely on cortical excitability, are impaired during sleep deprivation. Our data indicate that upscaled brain excitability and altered plasticity, due to sleep deprivation, are associated with impaired cognitive performance. Besides showing how brain physiology and cognition undergo changes (from neurophysiology to higher-order cognition) under sleep pressure, the findings have implications for variability and optimal application of noninvasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Wesselink DB, Sanders ZB, Edmondson LR, Dempsey-Jones H, Kieliba P, Kikkert S, Themistocleous AC, Emir U, Diedrichsen J, Saal HP, Makin TR. Malleability of the cortical hand map following a finger nerve block. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2393. [PMID: 35452294 PMCID: PMC9032959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand's fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map. Using pharmacological single-finger nerve block and 7-tesla neuroimaging, we first replicated previous accounts (electrophysiological and other) of local S1 remapping. Local blocking also triggered activity changes to nonblocked fingers across the entire hand area. Using methods exploiting interfinger representational overlap, however, we also show that the blocked finger representation remained persistent despite input loss. Computational modeling suggests that both local stability and global reorganization are driven by distributed processing underlying the topographic map, combined with homeostatic mechanisms. Our findings reveal complex interfinger representational features that play a key role in brain (re)organization, beyond (re)mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan B. Wesselink
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zeena-Britt Sanders
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura R. Edmondson
- Active Touch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Harriet Dempsey-Jones
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paulina Kieliba
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sanne Kikkert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas C. Themistocleous
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Uzay Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Hannes P. Saal
- Active Touch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tamar R. Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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48
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Gao X, Wen M, Sun M, Rossion B. A Genuine Interindividual Variability in Number and Anatomical Localization of Face-Selective Regions in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4834-4856. [PMID: 35088077 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have reported regions with more neural activation to face than nonface stimuli in the human occipitotemporal cortex for three decades. Here we used a highly sensitive and reliable frequency-tagging functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm measuring high-level face-selective neural activity to assess interindividual variability in the localization and number of face-selective clusters. Although the majority of these clusters are located in the same cortical gyri and sulci across 25 adult brains, a volume-based analysis of unsmoothed data reveals a large amount of interindividual variability in their spatial distribution and number, particularly in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex. In contrast to the widely held assumption, these face-selective clusters cannot be objectively related on a one-to-one basis across individual brains, do not correspond to a single cytoarchitectonic region, and are not clearly demarcated by estimated posteroanterior cytoarchitectonic borders. Interindividual variability in localization and number of cortical face-selective clusters does not appear to be due to the measurement noise but seems to be genuine, casting doubt on definite labeling and interindividual correspondence of face-selective "areas" and questioning their a priori definition based on cytoarchitectony or probabilistic atlases of independent datasets. These observations challenge conventional models of human face recognition based on a fixed number of discrete neurofunctional information processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Gao
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Minjie Wen
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Mengdan Sun
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Motolese F, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V. New tools for shaping plasticity to enhance recovery after stroke. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:299-315. [PMID: 35034743 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is projected to increase in the coming years in parallel with the increase of life expectancy. Despite the great improvements in the management of the acute phase of stroke, some residual disability persists in most patients thus requiring rehabilitation. One third of patients do not reach the maximal recovery potential and different approaches have been explored with the aim to boost up recovery. In this regard, noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been widely used to induce neuroplasticity phenomena. Different protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can induce short- and long-term changes of synaptic excitability and are promising tools for enhancing recovery in stroke patients. New options for neuromodulation are currently under investigation. They include: vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) that can be delivered invasively, with implanted stimulators and noninvasively with transcutaneous VNS (tVNS); and extremely low-frequency (1-300Hz) magnetic fields. This chapter will provide an overview on the new techniques that are used for neuroprotection and for enhancing recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Motolese
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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50
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Chou TY, Wang JC, Lin MY, Tsai PY. Low-Frequency vs. Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia in Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:800377. [PMID: 35095477 PMCID: PMC8795082 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.800377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) has shown promise in the treatment of poststroke aphasia, the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) has yet to be determined. PURPOSE We investigated the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in ameliorating chronic non-fluent aphasia and compared it with that of LF-rTMS. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with poststroke non-fluent aphasia to an ipsilesional iTBS (n = 29), contralesional 1-Hz rTMS (n = 27), or sham (n = 29) group. Each group received the rTMS protocol executed in 10 daily sessions over 2 weeks. We evaluated language function before and after the intervention by using the Concise Chinese Aphasia Test (CCAT). RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the iTBS group exhibited significant improvements in conversation, description, and expression scores (P = 0.0004-0.031), which characterize verbal production, as well as in auditory comprehension, reading comprehension, and matching scores (P < 0.01), which characterize language perception. The 1-Hz group exhibited superior improvements in expression, reading comprehension, and imitation writing scores compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). The iTBS group had significantly superior results in CCAT total score, matching and auditory comprehension (P < 0.05) relative to the 1-Hz group. CONCLUSION Our study findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that ipsilesional iTBS enhances the language recovery of patients with non-fluent aphasia after a chronic stroke. Auditory comprehension was more preferentially enhanced by iTBS compared with the 1-Hz protocol. Our findings highlight the importance of ipsilesional modulation through excitatory rTMS for the recovery of non-fluent aphasia in patients with chronic stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT03059225].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Yun Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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