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Zou Z, Li J, Li Y, Yang Y, Xu P, Du H, Guo L, Li Z, Lin N, Xu Y. UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS-based serum metabonomic revealed the alleviating effect of QingYan Formula on perimenopausal syndrome rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116166. [PMID: 38669816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relieving effect of QingYan Formula (QYF) in treating perimenopausal syndrome. A combination of metabonomic analysis and in vitro pharmacodynamic experiments was employed to achieve this objective.Over a period of 12 weeks, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were orally administered QYF's 70 % ethanol extract or estradiol valerate (EV). The results demonstrate that QYF restored the estrous cycle of ovariectomized rats and exhibited significant estrogenic activity, as indicated by reversal of uterine and vagina atrophy, improvement of serum estradiol level and decrease of serum luteinizing hormone(LH) level. Additionally, QYF administration effectively reduced high bone turnover and repaired trabecular microstructure damage. Metabonomic analysis of the OVX rats treated with QYF revealed the identification of 55 different metabolites in the serum, out of which 35 may be potential biomarkers. QYF could regulate the disturbed metabolic pathways including the Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. PI3KCA, SRC, and MAPK3 are potential therapeutic targets for QYF therapeutic effects. These findings support the efficacy of QYF in alleviating perimenopausal syndrome and regulating lipid metabolic disorders in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - JiaShan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - YiBo Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - PanYu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - HanQian Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - ZeHui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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2
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Chen G, Zhou T, Cao J, Li X, Zhu C, Wang L, Zou G, Liang H. Roles of estrogen receptors during sexual reversal in Pelodiscus sinensis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:634. [PMID: 38727746 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism, with the males growing faster and larger than the females. During breeding, all-male offspring can be obtained using 17β-estradiol (E2). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying E2-induced sexual reversal have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have investigated the molecular sequence and expression characteristics of estrogen receptors (ERs). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, primary liver cells and embryos of P. sinensis were treated with ER agonists or inhibitors. Cell incubation experiments revealed that nuclear ERs (nERs) were the main pathway for the transmission of estrogen signals. Our results showed that ERα agonist (ERα-ag) upregulated the expression of Rspo1, whereas ERα inhibitor (ERα-Inh) downregulated its expression. The expression of Dmrt1 was enhanced after ERα-Inh + G-ag treatment, indicating that the regulation of male genes may not act through a single estrogen receptor, but a combination of ERs. In embryos, only the ERα-ag remarkably promoted the expression levels of Rspo1, Wnt4, and β-catenin, whereas the ERα-Inh had a suppressive effect. Additionally, Dmrt1, Amh, and Sox9 expression levels were downregulated after ERβ inhibitor (ERβ-Inh) treatment. GPER agonist (G-ag) has a significant promotion effect on Rspo1, Wnt4, and β-catenin, while the inhibitor G-Inh does not affect male-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that ERs play different roles during sexual reversal in P. sinensis and ERα may be the main carrier of estrogen-induced sexual reversal in P. sinensis. Further studies need to be performed to analyze the mechanism of ER action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Jizeng Cao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Xijia Agricultural Development Co. Ltd, Bengbu, 233700, China
| | - Chengjun Zhu
- Anhui Xijia Agricultural Development Co. Ltd, Bengbu, 233700, China
| | - Long Wang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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Rong J, Xie X, Niu Y, Su Z. Correlation between the RNA Expression and the DNA Methylation of Estrogen Receptor Genes in Normal and Malignant Human Tissues. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3610-3625. [PMID: 38666956 PMCID: PMC11049367 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a multifaceted function in humans via interacting with the estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). Previous research has predominantly concentrated on elucidating the signaling route of estrogen. However, the comprehensive understanding of the expression profile and control of these estrogen receptors in various human tissues is not well known. In the present study, the RNA levels of estrogen receptors in various normal and malignant human tissues were retrieved from the human protein atlas, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and the genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) databases for analyzing the expression profile of estrogen receptors through gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). The status of DNA methylation of estrogen receptor genes from TCGA were analyzed through the software Wanderer and cBioPortal. The MethSurv tool was utilized to estimate the relevance between specific cytosine-guanine (CG) methylation and tumor survival. The expression profile analysis revealed that ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 have unique expression patterns in diverse tissues and malignancies. The interesting results were the higher expression of ERβ RNA in the male testis than in females and the positive association between the RNA level of ERα and the androgen receptor in different human normal tissues. Especially, the significant changes in GPER1 expression in multiple malignancies showed a consistent decrease with no exception, which indicates the role of GPER1 in common tumor inhibition. The finding on the expression profile provides clues for exploring novel potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of estrogen. The DNA methylation analysis manifested that the expression of GPER1 and ERα showed a substantial correlation with the methylation of specific CG sites in the cis-regulating region of the gene. However, no such association was observed for ERβ. When comparing tumor tissues to normal tissues, the DNA methylation of certain CG sites of estrogen receptors showed a correlation with tumor survival but did not always correlate with the expression of that gene or with the expression of DNA methyltransferases. We proposed that the variation in DNA methylation at different CG sites in estrogen receptor genes had other functions beyond its regulatory role in its gene expression, and this might be associated with the progression and therapy efficiency of the tumor based on the modulation of the chromatin configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Rong
- The First Clinical Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhongjing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Nannini G, Amedei A. Women health and microbiota: Different aspects of well-being. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1287-1290. [PMID: 38596491 PMCID: PMC11000092 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on the article by Marano et al recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023; 29 (45): 5945-5952. We focus on the role of gut microbiota (GM) in women's health, highlighting the need to thoroughly comprehend the sex differences in microbiota. Together, the host and GM support the host's health. The microbiota components consist of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. This complex is an essential part of the host and is involved in neurological development, metabolic control, immune system dynamics, and host dynamic homeostasis. It has been shown that differences in the GM of males and females can contribute to chronic diseases, such as gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory illnesses. These differences can also result in some sex-specific changes in immunity. Every day, research on GM reveals new and more expansive frontiers, offering a wealth of innovative opportunities for preventive and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Florence 50134, Italy
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Li J, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin Z, Lin H, Lin Z. Ginsenoside - a promising natural active ingredient with steroidal hormone activity. Food Funct 2024; 15:1825-1839. [PMID: 38315542 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05484e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a class of natural products with hormone-like activity of triterpenoid saponins and have a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-aging, immune regulation and cognitive improvement. With the great research interest in alternative medicine and natural products, they are gradually becoming research hotspots. Ginsenosides have a four-ring rigid steroid backbone similar to steroid hormones, and a series of experimental studies have shown that they can exhibit hormone-like activity by binding to nuclear receptors or affecting hormone levels, thereby affecting a wide range of inflammatory conditions, cancers, and menopause-related diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms and potential health effects of ginsenosides exhibiting estrogen-like, glucocorticoid-like and androgen-like activities, providing an important reference for the exploration of safe phytohormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Xinhe Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - He Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Zhe Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Garcia P, Mendoza L, Padron D, Duarte A, Duara R, Loewenstein D, Greig-Custo M, Barker W, Curiel R, Rosselli M, Rodriguez M. Sex significantly predicts medial temporal volume when controlling for the influence of ApoE4 biomarker and demographic variables: A cross-ethnic comparison. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:128-137. [PMID: 37385978 PMCID: PMC11057967 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between age, education, sex, and ApoE4 (+) status to brain volume among a cohort with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHOD One hundred and twenty-three participants were stratified into Hispanic (n = 75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH, N = 48). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with age, education, sex, and ApoE4 status as predictor variables and left and right combined MRI volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and entorhinal cortex as dependent variables. Variations in head sizes were corrected by normalization with a total intracranial volume measurement. RESULTS Bonferroni-corrected results indicated that when controlling for ApoE4 status, education, and age, sex was a significant predictor of hippocampal volume among the Hispanic group (β = .000464, R2 = .196, p < .01) and the WNH group (β = .000455, R2 = .195, p < .05). Education (β = .000028, R2 = .168, p < .01) and sex (β = .000261, R2 = .168, p < .01) were significant predictors of parahippocampal volume among the Hispanic MCI group when controlling for the effects of ApoE4 status and age. One-way ANCOVAs comparing hippocampal and parahippocampal volume between males and females within groups revealed that females had significantly larger hippocampal volumes (p < .05). Hispanic females had significantly larger hippocampal (p < .001) and parahippocampal (p < .05) volume compared to males. No sex differences in parahippocampal volume were noted among WNHs. CONCLUSIONS Biological sex, rather than ApoE4 status, was a greater predictor of hippocampal volume among Hispanic and WNH females. These findings add to the mixed literature on sex differences in dementia research and highlight continued emphasis on ethnic populations to elucidate on neurodegenerative disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - David Loewenstein
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Rosie Curiel
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Miriam Rodriguez
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Matsuyama S, DeFalco T. Steroid hormone signaling: multifaceted support of testicular function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1339385. [PMID: 38250327 PMCID: PMC10796553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1339385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development and adult physiology are dependent on the action of steroid hormones. In particular, the reproductive system is reliant on hormonal signaling to promote gonadal function and to ensure fertility. Here we will describe hormone receptor functions and their impacts on testicular function, focusing on a specific group of essential hormones: androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. In addition to focusing on hormone receptor function and localization within the testis, we will highlight the effects of altered receptor signaling, including the consequences of reduced and excess signaling activity. These hormones act through various cellular pathways and receptor types, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted research approach to understand their critical roles in testicular function. Hormones exhibit intricate interactions with each other, as evidenced, for example, by the antagonistic effects of progesterone on mineralocorticoid receptors and cortisol's impact on androgens. In light of research findings in the field demonstrating an intricate interplay between hormones, a systems biology approach is crucial for a nuanced understanding of this complex hormonal network. This review can serve as a resource for further investigation into hormonal support of male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsuyama
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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8
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Danos N, Patrick M, Barretto J, Bilotta F, Lee M. Effects of pregnancy and lactation on muscle-tendon morphology. J Anat 2023; 243:860-869. [PMID: 37350269 PMCID: PMC10557392 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation hormones have been shown to mediate anatomical changes to the musculoskeletal system that generates animal movement. In this study, we characterize changes in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, its tendon and aponeuroses that are likely to have an effect on whole animal movement and energy expenditure, using the rat model system, Rattus norvegicus. We quantified muscle architecture (mass, cross-sectional area, and pennation angle), muscle fiber type and diameter, and Young's modulus of stiffness for the medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses as well as its contribution to Achilles tendon in three groups of three-month-old female rats: virgin, primiparous pregnant, and primiparous lactating animals. We found that muscle mass drops by 23% during lactation but does not change during pregnancy. We also found that during pregnancy muscle fibers switch from Type I to IIa and during lactation from Type IIb to Type I. The stiffness of connective tissues that has a demonstrated role in locomotion, the aponeurosis and tendon, also changed. Pregnant animals had a significantly less stiff aponeurosis. However, tendon stiffness was most affected during lactation, with a significant drop in stiffness and interindividual variation. We propose that the energetic demands of locomotion may have driven the evolution of these anatomical changes in muscle-tendon units during pregnancy and lactation to ensure more energy can be allocated to fetal development and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Danos
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Jacob Barretto
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Megan Lee
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Wang W, Wu B, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhou L, Xu W, Yu T, Zheng Y, Zhang S. Comprehensive analysis on the regulation of differentially expressed of mRNA and ncRNA in different ovarian stages of ark shell Scapharca broughtonii. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:563. [PMID: 37736709 PMCID: PMC10515027 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian development is an important prerequisite and basis for animal reproduction. In many vertebrates, it is regulated by multiple genes and influenced by sex steroid hormones and environmental factors. However, relative information is limited in shellfish. To explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of mRNA and non-coding RNA that regulate ovarian development in Scapharca broughtonii, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing analysis on ovaries at three developmental stages. Furthermore, the biological processes involved in the differential expression of mRNA and ncRNA were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 11,342 mRNAs, 6897 lncRNAs, 135 circRNAs, and 275 miRNAs were differentially expressed. By mapping the differentially expressed RNAs from the three developmental stages of Venn diagram, multiple groups of shared mRNAs and lncRNAs were found to be associated with ovarian development, with some mRNA and ncRNA functions associated with steroid hormone. In addition, we constructed and visualized the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on ceRNA targeting relationships. CONCLUSIONS These findings may facilitate our further understanding the mRNA and ncRNAs roles in the regulation of shellfish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Wandong Xu
- Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Kenli District, Dongying, China, 257500
| | - Tao Yu
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China, 265800
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China, 265800
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Shandong Anhai lnvestment , Jinan, China, Co., Ltd, 250013
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Liu J, Niu Y, Zhang B, Sun Q, Li H, Bai L, Su Z. Different Expression Pattern of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14055. [PMID: 37762356 PMCID: PMC10531045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is a male-dominant malignancy worldwide, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) shows more significant sex bias than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in morbidity and mortality. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is involved in several sex-related cancers; however, its expression level in esophageal carcinoma has been poorly investigated and its role is not precisely defined, depending on histological types. In the present study, the mRNA levels of GPER1 in esophageal carcinoma were collected from GEPIA and Oncomine databases for meta-analyses. The protein expression levels of GPER1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tissue microarray of EAC and ESCC. The GPER1 selective agonist G1, antagonist G15, and siRNA were applied in vitro to investigate their impacts on esophageal cell lines. Analysis of the RNA levels from the databases showed a decreased expression of GPER1 in overall esophageal carcinoma, and low expression levels of GPER1 were found to be associated with low survival of tumor patients. However, in the subgroup of EAC and its precancerous lesion, Barrett's esophagus, overexpression of GPER1 RNA was increased when compared with the normal tissues. The average staining scores of GPER1 protein in the tissue microarray of EAC were significantly higher than normal esophageal samples, and the rate of positive staining increased with the grade of poor tumor differentiation. The scores of GPER1 protein in ESCC tissues were lower than those in the normal tissues. The results from cell line experiments in vitro showed that the GPER1 agonist G1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of ESCC cells EC109 with positive expression of GPER1. G1 had no obvious effect on normal esophageal NE2 cells with weak expression of GPER1. In addition, GPER1 RNA knockdown and application of antagonist G15 reversed the effects of G1 on EC109. The results of this study indicate that the expression levels of GPER1 are higher in EAC than in ESCC, which might be correlated with the dimorphic estrogen signaling pathway in different types of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qisi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Haiyi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhongjing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Martínez L, de Andrés PJ, Caperos JM, Silván G, Fernández-Morán J, Casares M, Crespo B, Vélez D, Sanz L, Cáceres S, Illera JC. Predicting Sex in White Rhinoceroses: A Statistical Model for Conservation Management. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2583. [PMID: 37627374 PMCID: PMC10451157 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the effective management of every rhinoceros population is crucial for securing a future for the species, especially considering the escalating global threat of poaching and the challenges faced in captive breeding programs for this endangered species. Steroid hormones play pivotal roles in regulating diverse biological processes, making fecal hormonal determinations a valuable non-invasive tool for monitoring adrenal and gonadal endocrinologies and assessing reproductive status, particularly in endangered species. The purpose of this study was to develop a statistical model for predicting the sex of white rhinoceroses using hormonal determinations obtained from a single fecal sample. To achieve this, 562 fecal samples from 15 individuals of the Ceratotherium simum species were collected, and enzyme immunoassays were conducted to determine the concentrations of fecal cortisol, progesterone, estrone, and testosterone metabolites. The biological validation of the method provided an impressive accuracy rate of nearly 80% in predicting the sex of hypothetically unknown white rhinoceroses. Implementing this statistical model for sex identification in white rhinoceroses would yield significant benefits, including a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of wild populations. Additionally, it would enhance conservation management efforts aimed at protecting this endangered species. By utilizing this innovative approach, we can contribute to the preservation and long-term survival of white rhinoceros populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martínez
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Jimena de Andrés
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Caperos
- Clinical Psychology Unit (UNINPSI), Department of Psychology, Comillas Pontifical University, Calle Mateo Inurria 37, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Silván
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Casares
- Bioparc Valencia, Avenida Pio Baroja 3, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vélez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanz
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cáceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Haddadi A, Farhadi P, Fatemi R, Mohamadynejad P, Moghanibashi M. Differential expression of KCNQ1 and ATP4A genes according to the sex and age in the stomach. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:1019-1027. [PMID: 37367232 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2228371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We compared the expression of six genes in stomach tissue samples between healthy men and women in different age groups to study sexually dimorphic gene expression. Real-Time RT-PCR was used to compare gene expression between men and women. Our results showed that the expression of KCNQ1 (p = 0.01) was significantly higher in non-menopausal women compared to post-menopausal women. In addition, the expression level of the ATP4A gene in men under 35 years was significantly higher than in men above 50 (p = 0.026). Sexually and age dimorphic gene expression in some genes throughout life may affect gastric function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pegah Farhadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Fatemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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13
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Churchill ML, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Cowley KJ, Luu J, Simpson KJ, Healey M, Rogers PAW, Donoghue JF. Using a Quantitative High-Throughput Screening Platform to Identify Molecular Targets and Compounds as Repurposing Candidates for Endometriosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:965. [PMID: 37371546 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, defined as the growth of hormonally responsive endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterine cavity, is an estrogen-dependent, chronic, pro-inflammatory disease that affects up to 11.4% of women of reproductive age and gender-diverse people with a uterus. At present, there is no long-term cure, and the identification of new therapies that provide a high level of efficacy and favourable long-term safety profiles with rapid clinical access are a priority. In this study, quantitative high-throughput compound screens of 3517 clinically approved compounds were performed on patient-derived immortalized human endometrial stromal cell lines. Following assay optimization and compound criteria selection, a high-throughput screening protocol was developed to enable the identification of compounds that interfered with estrogen-stimulated cell growth. From these screens, 23 novel compounds were identified, in addition to their molecular targets and in silico cell-signalling pathways, which included the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, metabolic pathways, and cancer-associated pathways. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of performing large compound screens for the identification of new translatable therapeutics and the improved characterization of endometriosis molecular pathophysiology. Further investigation of the molecular targets identified herein will help uncover new mechanisms involved in the establishment, symptomology, and progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Churchill
- Gynaecology Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- Gynaecology Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Julia Argyrou Endometriosis Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Karla J Cowley
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jennii Luu
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Martin Healey
- Gynaecology Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Gynaecology Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Gynaecology Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - J F Donoghue
- Gynaecology Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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14
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Erlandsdotter LM, Giammarino L, Halili A, Nikesjö J, Gréen H, Odening KE, Liin SI. Long-QT mutations in KCNE1 modulate the 17β-estradiol response of Kv7.1/KCNE1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7109. [PMID: 36921038 PMCID: PMC10017040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (17[Formula: see text]-E2) is implicated in higher arrhythmia risk of women with congenital or acquired long-QT syndrome (LQTS) compared to men. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and little is known about the impact of LQTS-associated mutations. We show that 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibits the human cardiac Kv7.1/KCNE1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We find that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect depends on the Kv7.1 to KCNE1 stoichiometry, and we reveal a critical function of the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus for the effect. LQTS-associated mutations in the KCNE1 carboxyl terminus show a range of responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2, from a wild-type like response to impaired or abolished response. Together, this study increases our understanding of the mechanistic basis for 17[Formula: see text]-E2 inhibition of Kv7.1/KCNE1 and demonstrates mutation-dependent responses to 17[Formula: see text]-E2. These findings suggest that the 17[Formula: see text]-E2 effect on Kv7.1/KCNE1 might contribute to the higher arrhythmia risk of women, particularly in carriers with specific LQTS-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucilla Giammarino
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Azemine Halili
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nikesjö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gréen
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katja E. Odening
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara I. Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Clusan L, Percevault F, Jullion E, Le Goff P, Tiffoche C, Fernandez-Calero T, Métivier R, Marin M, Pakdel F, Michel D, Flouriot G. Codon adaptation by synonymous mutations impacts the functional properties of the estrogen receptor-alpha protein in breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 36808875 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positivity is intimately associated with the development of hormone-dependent breast cancers. A major challenge in the treatment of these cancers is to understand and overcome the mechanisms of endocrine resistance. Recently, two distinct translation programmes using specific transfer RNA (tRNA) repertoires and codon usage frequencies were evidenced during cell proliferation and differentiation. Considering the phenotype switch of cancer cells to more proliferating and less-differentiated states, we can speculate that the changes in the tRNA pool and codon usage that likely occur make the ERα coding sequence no longer adapted, impacting translational rate, co-translational folding and the resulting functional properties of the protein. To verify this hypothesis, we generated an ERα synonymous coding sequence whose codon usage was optimized to the frequencies observed in genes expressed specifically in proliferating cells and then investigated the functional properties of the encoded receptor. We demonstrate that such a codon adaptation restores ERα activities to levels observed in differentiated cells, including: (a) an enhanced contribution exerted by transactivation function 1 (AF1) in ERα transcriptional activity; (b) enhanced interactions with nuclear receptor corepressor 1 and 2 [NCoR1 and NCoR2 (also known as SMRT) respectively], promoting repressive capability; and (c) reduced interactions with SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Src) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85 kinases, inhibiting MAPK and AKT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Clusan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
| | - Frederic Percevault
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jullion
- Institut de Génétique De Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290 CNRS, ERL INSERM U1305, Univ Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Le Goff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
| | - Christophe Tiffoche
- Institut de Génétique De Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290 CNRS, ERL INSERM U1305, Univ Rennes, France
| | - Tamara Fernandez-Calero
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad Catolica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Institut de Génétique De Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290 CNRS, ERL INSERM U1305, Univ Rennes, France
| | - Monica Marin
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
| | - Denis Michel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, France
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Ávila-Avilés RD, Hernández-Hernández JM. Ligand- and structure-based identification of GPER-binding small molecules. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2171074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Daniel Ávila-Avilés
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Mehta DK, Saini K, Saini M, Das R, Gupta S, Gautam V. Novel targets for potential therapeutic use in Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 36782201 PMCID: PMC9926720 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Future targets are a promising prospect to overcome the limitation of conventional and current approaches by providing secure and effective treatment without compromising patient compliance. Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing problem that has been raised worldwide, from 4% to 6.4% (around 285 million people) in past 30 years. This number may increase to 430 million people in the coming years if there is no better treatment or cure is available. Ageing, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the key reasons for the worsening of this disease. It always had been a vital challenge, to explore new treatment which could safely and effectively manage diabetes mellitus without compromising patient compliance. Researchers are regularly trying to find out the permanent treatment of this chronic and life threatening disease. In this journey, there are various treatments available in market to manage diabetes mellitus such as insulin, GLP-1 agonist, biguanides, sulphonyl ureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones targeting the receptors which are discovered decade before. PPAR, GIP, FFA1, melatonin are the recent targets that already in the focus for developing new therapies in the treatment of diabetes. Inspite of numerous preclinical studies very few clinical data available due to which this process is in its initial phase. The review also focuses on the receptors like GPCR 119, GPER, Vaspin, Metrnl, Fetuin-A that have role in insulin regulation and have potential to become future targets in treatment for diabetes that may be effective and safer as compared to the conventional and current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Dhankhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinod Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, India
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18
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Dong Z, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Liang YQ, Guo Y. Short-term exposure to norethisterone affected swimming behavior and antioxidant enzyme activity of medaka larvae, and led to masculinization in the adult population. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136844. [PMID: 36252902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Norethisterone (NET), one of the synthetic progestins, is detected with increasing frequency in the water environment and distributed in the ocean, with a potential toxicity risk to marine organisms. However, current studies on the adverse effects of progestins (including NET) in aquatic environments have focused on freshwater organisms, mainly fish. In the present, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae were exposed to 91.31 ng/L NET for 10 days, and then the swimming behavior, oxidation-antioxidant-related enzyme activities, sex and thyroid hormone levels, and the gene transcription patterns of the larvae were measured. After NET treatment, medaka larvae were raised in artificial seawater until 5 months of age, and the sex ratio was counted. Ten-day exposure to 91.31 ng/L NET inhibited swimming behavior, of marine medaka larvae, which showed that the time in the resting state was significantly prolonged, while the time in the large motor state was significantly reduced; disrupted oxidative-antioxidant system, significantly up-regulated the enzymatic activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); affected the hormone levels of larvae, lowered 11- keto testosterone (11-KT) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. RNA-seq results showed that 91.31 ng/L NET exposure for 10 days changed the transcript levels of 275 genes, of which 28 were up-regulated and 247 were down-regulated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly significantly enriched in piwi interacting RNA (piRNA), gonadal development, gametogenesis, and steroidogenesis biological processes, etc. After removing NET exposure and returning to breeding for 140 days, a significant increase in male proportions (69.67%) was observed in sexually mature medaka populations in the NET-treated group. These results show that exposure to 91.31 ng/L NET for 10 days can lead to various adverse effects on marine medaka larvae. These findings shed light on the potential ecological risks of synthetic progestins to marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Xueyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Yuebi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; State Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University School, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
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Cao S, Guo D, Yin H, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Liu J, Zhang K, Mao X, Wang J. Improvement in ovarian function following fecal microbiota transplantation from high-laying rate breeders. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102467. [PMID: 36682132 PMCID: PMC9876952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism between the gut microbiota and reproductive function is not yet well-known. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from highly laying rate donors on the cecal microbiota, intestinal health and ovarian function in broiler breeders. A total of 60 broiler breeders (53 wk of age) were selected by their laying rate [high (HP, 90.67 ± 0.69%; n = 10) and low (LP, 70.23 ± 0.87%; n = 20)]. The LP breeders were then be transplanted with fecal microbiota from HP hens (FMTHP; n = 10) or the same dosage of PBS (FMTCON; n = 10) for 28 d. The results revealed that FMT from HP donors increased egg-laying rate and serum hormone levels [17β-estradiol (E2), anti-Müller hormone], also decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) of LP breeders (P < 0.05). The FMTHP group breeders had higher villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and upregulated mRNA expression of jejunum barrier-related gene (ZO-2 and mucin-2) and estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müller hormone (AMH) receptor genes (ESR1, ESR2, FSHR, AMHR) (P < 0.05) than FMTCON group. FMT from HP donors led to higher mRNA expression of Bcl2 and sirtuin1 (SIRT1), while it downregulated the proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9) mRNA expressions in ovary compared with the FMTCON breeders (P < 0.05), and this pattern was also observed in HP donors. Also, HP breeder had higher observed_species and alpha-diversity indexes (Chao1 and ACE) than FMTCON group, while FMTHP can increase observed_species and alpha-diversity indexes (Chao1 and ACE) than FMTCON group (P < 0.05). The bacteria enrichment of Firmicutes (phylum), Bacteroidetes (phylum), Lactobacillus (genus), Enterococcus (genus), and Bacteroides (genus) were increased by FMTHP treatment. The genera Butyricicoccus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus were positively correlated with egg-laying rate. Therefore, cecal microbiomes of breeders with high egg-laying performance have more diverse activities, which may be related to the metabolism and health of the host; and FMT from high-yield donors can increase the hormone secretion, intestinal health, and ovarian function to improve egg-laying performance and the SIRT1-related apoptosis and cytokine signaling pathway were involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchuan Cao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China,Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Dan Guo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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20
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Zhang C, Luo Y, Qiu S, Huang X, Jin K, Li J, Yang M, Hu D, Zheng X, Jiang Z, Wang M, Zou X, Wei Q. Associations between urinary concentrations of bisphenols and serum concentrations of sex hormones among US. Males. Environ Health 2022; 21:135. [PMID: 36550468 PMCID: PMC9773582 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and its structural analogs (BPS and BPF) might cause endocrine alterations and adverse physiological effects. Few studies to date have directly explored the association between its structural analogs (BPS, BPF) and sex hormones in adult male participants. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between BPA, BPS, BPF, and sex hormones in American adult men. METHODS We used data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016. We excluded participants without data available on sex hormones and urinary bisphenols. Furthermore, participants consuming sex hormone medications were excluded. Multivariable regression models were performed to assess the association between bisphenols and sex hormones. RESULTS In this study, 2367 participants were included. Of 2367, in 1575 participants, the data on BPS and BPF were available. We found that a per unit increase in BPF was associated with 0.575 ng/dL higher total testosterone (TT) (Model 2: 95% CI: 0.047, 1.103, P = 0.033). However, there was no significant association between BPA or BPS and TT. Furthermore, increased BPA and BPS levels were associated with higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (Model 2: β = 0.364, 95% CI: 0.158, 0.571; β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.071, 0.429, respectively). Additionally, participants in the highest BPA exposure quartile (quartile 4) had 4.072 nmol/L higher levels of SHBG than those in quartile 1 (Model 2: 95% CI: 0.746, 7.397, P = 0.017; P for trend =0.005). Both BPA and BPS were negatively associated with free testosterone (FT, nmol/L) after full adjustment (Model 2, β = - 0.01%, P = 0.0211, P = 0.0211; Model 2, β = - 0.01%, P = 0.0258, respectively). However, BPF was positively associated with FT (Model 2, β = 0.0029%, P = 0.0028). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that exposure to both BPA and its substitutions could alter sex hormone levels. This finding supports the possibility that human exposure to bisphenols at environmental levels might affect the endogenous hormone balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuehong Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingda Wang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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21
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Khan MZI, Uzair M, Nazli A, Chen JZ. An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114658. [PMID: 35964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen governs the regulations of various pathological and physiological actions throughout the body in both males and females. Generally, 17β-estradiol an endogenous estrogen is responsible for different health problems in pre and postmenopausal women. The major activities of endogenous estrogen are executed by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ while non-genomic cytoplasmic pathways also govern cell growth and apoptosis. Estrogen accomplished a fundamental role in the formation and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we have hyphenated different studies regarding ERs and a thorough and detailed study of estrogen receptors is presented. This review highlights different aspects of estrogens ranging from receptor types, their isoforms, structures, signaling pathways of ERα, ERβ and GPER along with their crystal structures, pathological roles of ER, ER ligands, and therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Adila Nazli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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22
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Bhari N, Schwaertz RA, Apalla Z, Salerni G, Akay BN, Patil A, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1905-1912. [PMID: 34416066 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is associated with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Potential influence of estrogen and its metabolites on melanoma growth has been suggested. AIMS The objective of this review was to provide an overview on the evidence related to estrogen in malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant cross-references of the retrieved articles was performed to review relevant published articles related to estrogen and its effects in malignant melanoma. RESULTS Effect of estrogen signaling on a tissue largely depends on the relative expression of estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. Gender differences in melanoma may be explained by the difference in expression of these receptors. ERβ is the principal ER in melanoma. DISCUSSION Although there is uncertainty about role of estrogen in pathogenensis and progression of melanoma, evidence suggests that its growth and metastasis are influenced by estrogen stimulation. Role ER on the proliferation of melanoma cells is well described. CONCLUSION There is a need of safe and effective therapy for melanoma, especially for advanced cases. After the establishment of specific role of estrogen and its receptor, analysis of specific genetic mutation can be performed for proper utilization of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert A Schwaertz
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriel Salerni
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Provincial del Centenario de Rosario-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Kisla MM, Ates-Alagoz Z. Benzimidazoles Against Certain Breast Cancer Drug Targets: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2463-2477. [PMID: 35345997 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220328161217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzimidazoles are widely used scaffolds against various types of cancer including breast cancer. To this end, anticancer agents must be developed using the knowledge of the specific targets of BC. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to review the compounds used against some of the biomolecular targets of breast cancer. To this end, we present information about the various targets, with their latest innovative studies. CONCLUSION Benzimidazole ring is an important building block that can target diverse cancer scenarios since it can structurally mimic biomolecules in the human body. Additionally, many studies imply the involvement of this moiety on a plethora of pathways and enzymes related to BC. Herein, our target-based collection of benzimidazole derivatives strongly suggests the utilization of benzimidazole derivatives against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Murat Kisla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Y It Matters—Sex Differences in Fetal Lung Development. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030437. [PMID: 35327629 PMCID: PMC8946560 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Within this review, sex-specific differences in alveolar epithelial functions are discussed with special focus on preterm infants and the respiratory disorders associated with premature birth. First, a short overview about fetal lung development, the challenges the lung faces during perinatal lung transition to air breathing and respiratory distress in preterm infants is given. Next, clinical observations concerning sex-specific differences in pulmonary morbidity of human preterm infants are noted. The second part discusses potential sex-specific causes of pulmonary complications, including pulmonary steroid receptors and local lung steroid metabolism. With regard to pulmonary steroid metabolism, it is important to highlight which steroidogenic enzymes are expressed at which stage during fetal lung development. Thereafter, we review the knowledge concerning sex-specific aspects of lung growth and maturation. Special focus is given to alveolar epithelial Na+ transport as a driver of perinatal lung transition and the sex differences that were noted in this process.
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25
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Pejon TMM, Faria VS, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Scariot PPM, Cornachione AS, Beck WR. Effect of 12-wk Training in Ovariectomised Rats on PGC-1α, NRF-1 and Energy Substrates. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:632-641. [PMID: 35180801 DOI: 10.1055/a-1717-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are associated with hypoestrogenism owing to their lower energy expenditure and consequent imbalance. Physical training promotes energy expenditure through PGC-1α and NRF-1, which are muscle proteins of the oxidative metabolism. However, the influence of physical training on protein expression in individuals with hypoestrogenism remains uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity swimming training on the muscle expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, glycogen and triglyceride in ovariectomised rats. OVX and OVX+TR rats were subjected to ovariectomy. The trained animals swam for 30 minutes, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Soleus was collected to quantify PGC-1α and NRF-1 expressions, while gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus were collected to measure glycogen and triglyceride. Blood glucose was also evaluated. Whereas ovariectomy decreased PGC-1α expression (p<0.05) without altering NRF-1 (p=0.48), physical training increased PGC-1α (p<0.01) and NRF-1 (p<0.05). Ovariectomy reduced glycogen (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.05), whereas physical training increased glycogen (p<0.05) but did not change triglyceride (p=0.06). Ovariectomy increased blood glucose (p<0.01), while physical training reduced it (p<0.01). In summary, 12 weeks of individualized and moderate-intensity training were capable of preventing muscle metabolic consequences caused by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciane Maria Melges Pejon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anabelle Silva Cornachione
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Abstract
As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota plays a major role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's lifetime by interacting with estrogen, androgens, insulin, and other hormones. Imbalance of the gut microbiota composition can lead to several diseases and conditions, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and cancer; however, research on the mechanisms is limited. More effort should be concentrated on exploring the potential causes and underlying the mechanisms of microbiota-hormone-mediated disease, and providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota plays a major role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's lifetime by interacting with estrogen, androgens, insulin, and other hormones. Imbalance of the gut microbiota composition can lead to several diseases and conditions, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and cancer; however, research on the mechanisms is limited. More effort should be concentrated on exploring the potential causes and underlying the mechanisms of microbiota-hormone-mediated disease, and providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,CONTACT Yanli Pang M.D.,Ph.D Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Jie Qiao M.D., Ph.D Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Pepermans RA, Prossnitz ER. Assessing Estrogenic Activity of Classical Estrogen Receptor-Binding Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2418:187-201. [PMID: 35119667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1920-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The classical estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been a clinical therapeutic target for decades. ERα-targeted drugs have shown great clinical success, in particular as antagonists for the treatment of ERα-positive breast cancers. However, ERα-targeted agonists have also been clinically useful (e.g., for the treatment of osteoporosis). The breast cancer field is regularly identifying novel ERα-binding compounds with the goal of identifying new potential ERα-targeted therapeutics. To determine whether such newly identified ERα-binding compounds have clinical potential, it is important to characterize the estrogenic activity (i.e., both receptor-mediated agonism and/or antagonism) of these compounds. This chapter focuses on methods that allow determination of whether an ERα-binding compound acts as an agonist or antagonist of the receptor and whether the compound induces degradation of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Pepermans
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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28
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Xia Z, Xiao J, Chen Q. Solving the Puzzle: What Is the Role of Progestogens in Neovascularization? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1686. [PMID: 34827682 PMCID: PMC8615949 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian sex steroids can modulate new vessel formation and development, and the clarification of the underlying mechanism will provide insight into neovascularization-related physiological changes and pathological conditions. Unlike estrogen, which mainly promotes neovascularization through activating classic post-receptor signaling pathways, progesterone (P4) regulates a variety of downstream factors with angiogenic or antiangiogenic effects, exerting various influences on neovascularization. Furthermore, diverse progestins, the synthetic progesterone receptor (PR) agonists structurally related to P4, have been used in numerous studies, which could contribute to unequal actions. As a result, there have been many conflicting observations in the past, making it difficult for researchers to define the exact role of progestogens (PR agonists including naturally occurring P4 and synthetic progestins). This review summarizes available evidence for progestogen-mediated neovascularization under physiological and pathological circumstances, and attempts to elaborate their functional characteristics and regulatory patterns from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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29
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Molecular Proof of a Clinical Concept: Expression of Estrogen Alpha-, Beta-Receptors and G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) in Histologically Assessed Common Nevi, Dysplastic Nevi and Melanomas. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111228. [PMID: 34833446 PMCID: PMC8621316 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemiologic data show significant differences in melanoma incidence and outcomes between sexes. The role of hormonal receptors in the pathogenesis of melanocytic lesions remains unclear, thus we performed this study aiming to assess estrogen receptors expression in different melanocytic lesions. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that included 73 consecutively excised melanocytic lesions. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ), and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression was analyzed in melanocytes and keratinocytes of common nevi, dysplastic nevi, melanoma, healthy skin margin, and in sebaceous and sweat gland cells. Results: ERβ expression was higher in dysplastic nevi margin melanocytes compared to common nevi (p = 0.046) and in dysplastic nevi keratinocytes compared to melanoma keratinocytes (p = 0.021). ERβ expression was significantly higher in margin melanocytes compared to melanoma melanocytes (p = 0.009). No difference in ERβ expression was shown between melanocytes of three types of lesions. GPER expression was higher in nuclei and cytoplasm of dysplastic nevi (p = 0.02 and p = 0.036 respectively) and at the margin compared to melanoma. GPER expression was lower in sebaceous glands of tissue surrounding common nevi (p = 0.025) compared to dysplastic nevi. GPER expression was higher in skin margin tissue melanocytes (p = 0.016 nuclear, p = 0.029 cytoplasmic) compared to melanoma melanocytes. There were no differences in ERα expression between the melanocytic lesions. Conclusion: Further large-scale studies are warranted to investigate the potential role of ERβ and GPER in the pathogenesis of melanocytic lesions.
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30
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Wiersielis K, Yasrebi A, Ramirez P, Verpeut J, Regan D, Roepke TA. The influence of estrogen receptor α signaling independent of the estrogen response element on avoidance behavior, social interactions, and palatable ingestive behavior in female mice. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105084. [PMID: 34749278 PMCID: PMC9420320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Women are vulnerable to developing mental disorders that are associated with circulating estrogens. Estrogens, especially 17β-estradiol (E2), have a wide array of effects on the brain, affecting many behavioral endpoints associated with mental illness. By using a total estrogen receptor (ER) α knockout (KO), an ERα knock in/knock out (KIKO) that lacks a functional DNA-binding domain, and wild type (WT) controls treated with either oil or E2, we evaluated ERα signaling, dependent and independent of the estrogen response element (ERE), on avoidance behavior, social interactions and memory, and palatable ingestive behavior using the open field test, the elevated plus maze, the light dark box, the 3-chamber test, and palatable feeding. We found that ERα does not mediate control of anxiety-like behaviors but rather yielded differences in locomotor activity. In evaluating social preference and social recognition memory, we observed that E2 may modulate these measures in KIKO females but not KO females, suggesting that ERE-independent signaling is likely involved in sociability. Lastly, observations of palatable (high-fat) food intake suggested an increase in palatable eating behavior in oil-treated KIKO females. Oil-treated KO females had a longer latency to food intake, indicative of an anhedonic phenotype compared to oil-treated WT and KIKO females. We have observed that social-related behaviors are potentially influenced by ERE-independent ERα signaling and hedonic food intake requires signaling of ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Ramirez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Verpeut
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Regan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, the Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and the New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
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31
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Wu JX, Lin S, Kong SB. Psychological Stress and Functional Endometrial Disorders: Update of Mechanism Insights. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690255. [PMID: 34413829 PMCID: PMC8369421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium plays a vital role in providing the site for embryo implantation and maintaining the normal development and survival of the embryo. Recent studies have shown that stress is a common factor for the development of unexplained reproductive disorders. The nonreceptive endometrium and disturbed early maternal-fetal interaction might lead to infertility including the repeated embryo implantation failure and recurrent spontaneous abortion, or late pregnancy complications, thereby affecting the quality of life as well as the psychological status of the affected individuals. Additionally, psychological stress might also adversely affect female reproductive health. In recent years, several basic and clinical studies have tried to investigate the harm caused by psychological stress to reproductive health, however, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we review the relationship between psychological stress and endometrial dysfunction, and its consequent effects on female infertility to provide new insights for clinical therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-xiang Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuang-bo Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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32
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Shen YT, Huang X, Zhang G, Jiang B, Li CJ, Wu ZS. Pan-Cancer Prognostic Role and Targeting Potential of the Estrogen-Progesterone Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636365. [PMID: 34322374 PMCID: PMC8311599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen receptors (ESRs) and progesterone receptors (PGRs) are associated with the development and progression of various tumors. The feasibility of ESRs and PGRs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for multiple cancers was evaluated via pan-cancer analysis. Methods The pan-cancer mRNA expression levels, genetic variations, and prognostic values of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR were analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and cBioPortal. The expression levels of ERa, ERb, and PGR proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining using paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma (UTEA). Correlation between immunomodulators and immune cells was determined based on the Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB). Results ESR1, ESR2, and PGR mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in different cancer types, and were associated with tumor progression and clinical prognosis. ERa, ERb, and PGR proteins were further determined to be significantly differentially expressed in OV and UTEA via immunohistochemical staining. The expression of ERa protein was positively correlated with a high tumor stage, whereas the expression of PGR protein was conversely associated with a high tumor stage in patients with OV. In patients with UTEA, the expression levels of both ERa and PGR proteins were conversely associated with tumor grade and stage. In addition, the expression levels of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR mRNAs were significantly associated with the expression of immunomodulators and immune cells. Conclusion ESR1, ESR2, and PGR are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, as well as important factors for the prediction, evaluation, and individualized treatment in several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Shen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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33
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Jehanno C, Percevault F, Boujrad N, Le Goff P, Fontaine C, Arnal JF, Primig M, Pakdel F, Michel D, Métivier R, Flouriot G. Nuclear translocation of MRTFA in MCF7 breast cancer cells shifts ERα nuclear/genomic to extra-nuclear/non genomic actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111282. [PMID: 33894309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Myocardin-related transcription factor A [MRTFA, also known as Megakaryoblastic Leukemia 1 (MKL1))] is a major actor in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have previously shown that activation and nuclear accumulation of MRTFA mediate endocrine resistance of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive breast cancers by initiating a partial transition from luminal to basal-like phenotype and impairing ERα cistrome and transcriptome. In the present study, we deepen our understanding of the mechanism by monitoring functional changes in the receptor's activity. We demonstrate that MRTFA nuclear accumulation down-regulates the expression of the unliganded (Apo-)ERα and causes a redistribution of the protein localization from its normal nuclear place to the entire cell volume. This phenomenon is accompanied by a shift in Apo-ERα monomer/dimer ratio towards the monomeric state, leading to significant functional consequences on ERα activities. In particular, the association of Apo-ERα with chromatin is drastically decreased, and the remaining ERα binding sites are substantially less enriched in ERE motifs than in control conditions. Monitored by proximity Ligation Assay, ERα interactions with P160 family coactivators are partly impacted when MRTFA accumulates in the nucleus, and those with SMRT and NCOR1 corepressors are abolished. Finally, ERα interactions with kinases such as c-src and PI3K are increased, thereby enhancing MAP Kinase and AKT activities. In conclusion, the activation and nuclear accumulation of MRTFA in ERα positive breast cancer cells remodels both ERα location and functions by shifting its activity from nuclear genome regulation to extra-nuclear non-genomic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Jehanno
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Percevault
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Noureddine Boujrad
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Le Goff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Primig
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Denis Michel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Univ Rennes, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Salinas I, Sinha N, Sen A. Androgen-induced epigenetic modulations in the ovary. J Endocrinol 2021; 249:R53-R64. [PMID: 33764313 PMCID: PMC8080881 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, androgens have emerged as critical regulators of female reproduction and women's health in general. While high levels of androgens in women are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recent evidence suggests that a certain amount of direct androgen action through androgen receptor is also essential for normal ovarian function. Moreover, prenatal androgen exposure has been reported to cause developmental reprogramming of the fetus that manifests into adult pathologies, supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. Therefore, it has become imperative to understand the underlying mechanism of androgen actions and its downstream effects under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Over the years, there has been a lot of studies on androgen receptor function as a transcriptional regulator in the nucleus as well as androgen-induced rapid extra-nuclear signaling. Conversely, new evidence suggests that androgen actions may also be mediated through epigenetic modulation involving both the nuclear and extra-nuclear androgen signaling. This review focuses on androgen-induced epigenetic modifications in female reproduction, specifically in the ovary, and discusses emerging concepts, latest perceptions, and highlight the areas that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Salinas
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Corresponding author and person to whom reprint request should be addressed: Aritro Sen Ph.D., Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, 3013 Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, 766 Service Road, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, Ph:517-432-4585;
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Dama A, Baggio C, Boscaro C, Albiero M, Cignarella A. Estrogen Receptor Functions and Pathways at the Vascular Immune Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4254. [PMID: 33923905 PMCID: PMC8073008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) activity mediates multiple physiological processes in the cardiovascular system. ERα and ERβ are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates estrogenic signals by modulating non-nuclear second messengers, including activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Membrane localizations of ERs are generally associated with rapid, non-genomic effects while nuclear localizations are associated with nuclear activities/transcriptional modulation of target genes. Gender dependence of endothelial biology, either through the action of sex hormones or sex chromosome-related factors, is becoming increasingly evident. Accordingly, cardiometabolic risk increases as women transition to menopause. Estrogen pathways control angiogenesis progression through complex mechanisms. The classic ERs have been acknowledged to function in mediating estrogen effects on glucose metabolism, but 17β-estradiol also rapidly promotes endothelial glycolysis by increasing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) levels through GPER-dependent mechanisms. Estrogens alter monocyte and macrophage phenotype(s), and induce effects on other estrogen-responsive cell lineages (e.g., secretion of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors) that impact macrophage function. The pharmacological modulation of ERs for therapeutic purposes, however, is particularly challenging due to the lack of ER subtype selectivity of currently used agents. Identifying the determinants of biological responses to estrogenic agents at the vascular immune interface and developing targeted pharmacological interventions may result in novel improved therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dama
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Chiara Baggio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlotta Boscaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Cignarella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
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Ambhore NS, Kalidhindi RSR, Sathish V. Sex-Steroid Signaling in Lung Diseases and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:243-273. [PMID: 33788197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex/gender difference exists in the physiology of multiple organs. Recent epidemiological reports suggest the influence of sex-steroids in modulating a wide variety of disease conditions. Sex-based discrepancies have been reported in pulmonary physiology and various chronic inflammatory responses associated with lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and rare lung diseases. Notably, emerging clinical evidence suggests that several respiratory diseases affect women to a greater degree, with increased severity and prevalence than men. Although sex-specific differences in various lung diseases are evident, such differences are inherent to sex-steroids, which are major biological variables in men and women who play a central role to control these differences. The focus of this chapter is to comprehend the sex-steroid biology in inflammatory lung diseases and to understand the mechanistic role of sex-steroids signaling in regulating these diseases. Exploring the roles of sex-steroid signaling in the regulation of lung diseases and inflammation is crucial for the development of novel and effective therapy. Overall, we will illustrate the importance of differential sex-steroid signaling in lung diseases and their possible clinical implications for the development of complementary and alternative medicine to treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Sexual hormones and diabetes: The impact of estradiol in pancreatic β cell. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33832654 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) point-out that diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation and estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by it in 2016. Population studies show that the incidence of this disease increases in women after menopause, when the production of estrogen is decreasing in them. Knowing the impact that estrogenic signaling has on insulin-secreting β cells is key to prevention and design of new therapeutic targets. This chapter explores the role of estrogen and their receptors in the regulation of insulin secretion and biosynthesis, proliferation, regeneration and survival in pancreatic β cells. In addition, delves into the genetic animal models developed and its application for the specific study of the different estrogen signaling pathways. Finally, discusses the impact of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on pancreatic β cell function.
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Cao L, Li S, Huang S, Shi D, Li X. AQP8 participates in oestrogen-mediated buffalo follicular development by regulating apoptosis of granulosa cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:812-820. [PMID: 33639021 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of small membrane-spanning proteins, are involved in fluid transport, cell signalling and reproduction. Regulating AQP8 expression influences apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs), ovarian folliculogenesis, oogenesis and early embryonic development in mice, but its role has never been investigated in other species. The aim of the present study was to characterize the AQP8 function in buffalo follicular development. The expression pattern of AQP8 in buffalo follicle was analysed by immunohistochemistry method. 17β-Estradiol (E2) or oestrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780 was used to treat GCs cultured in vitro, and the expression of AQP8 was detected using qRT-PCR. Its roles in apoptosis of buffalo GCs were investigated by shRNA technology. AQP8 was found to be expressed higher in secondary follicles (p < .05), and its mRNA level in GCs was upregulated by E2 via receptor-mediated mechanism in a dose-dependent manner. A 732-bp buffalo AQP8 coding region was obtained, which was highly conserved at the amino acid level among different species. AQP8-shRNA2 had more effective inhibition on target gene than AQP8-shRNA1 (66.49% vs. 58.31%) (p < .05). Knockdown of AQP8 induced GCs arrested at G2/M stage and occurred apoptosis. Compared with the control group, higher Caspase9 expression were observed in AQP8-shRNA2 lentivirus infected GCs (p < .05), while Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels had no obvious change (p > .05). Altogether, the above results indicate that AQP8 is involved in oestrogen-mediated regulation of buffalo follicular development by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Huangshi Maternity and Children's Health Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Crystal structure of steroid reductase SRD5A reveals conserved steroid reduction mechanism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:449. [PMID: 33469028 PMCID: PMC7815742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are essential in stress response, immune system regulation, and reproduction in mammals. Steroids with 3-oxo-Δ4 structure, such as testosterone or progesterone, are catalyzed by steroid 5α-reductases (SRD5As) to generate their corresponding 3-oxo-5α steroids, which are essential for multiple physiological and pathological processes. SRD5A2 is already a target of clinically relevant drugs. However, the detailed mechanism of SRD5A-mediated reduction remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of PbSRD5A from Proteobacteria bacterium, a homolog of both SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, in complex with the cofactor NADPH at 2.0 Å resolution. PbSRD5A exists as a monomer comprised of seven transmembrane segments (TMs). The TM1-4 enclose a hydrophobic substrate binding cavity, whereas TM5-7 coordinate cofactor NADPH through extensive hydrogen bonds network. Homology-based structural models of HsSRD5A1 and -2, together with biochemical characterization, define the substrate binding pocket of SRD5As, explain the properties of disease-related mutants and provide an important framework for further understanding of the mechanism of NADPH mediated steroids 3-oxo-Δ4 reduction. Based on these analyses, the design of therapeutic molecules targeting SRD5As with improved specificity and therapeutic efficacy would be possible.
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Metwally E, Chughtai MI, Mazhar MU, Khan SA. Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1-10. [PMID: 33997325 PMCID: PMC8110851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The gut lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products and structural components, which are derived through the gut microbiota, generate a signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota is not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates in the regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, which are localized in the gut, allow for the metabolization of steroid hormones through the stimulation of different enzymes. Reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and testosterone play a pivotal role in the successful completion of reproductive events. Disruption in this mechanism may lead to reproductive disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect the metabolism, and degrade steroid hormones and their relevant compounds. This behavior of the bacteria can safely be implemented to eliminate steroidal compounds from a polluted environment. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of steroid hormones on the regulation of gut microbiota and vice-versa, and also examined the significant influence this process has on various events of reproductive function. Altogether, the evidence suggests that steroid hormones and gut microbiota exert a central role in the modification of host bacterial action and impact the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad A Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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Vahidinia Z, Karimian M, Joghataei MT. Neurosteroids and their receptors in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Not All Progestins are Created Equally: Considering Unique Progestins Individually in Psychobehavioral Research. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-020-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Valodara AM, SR KJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1154-1166. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021094906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sex and gender-based differences are observed well beyond the sex organs and affect several physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of drug molecules. It is essential to understand not only the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of the drug but also the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of drug metabolism for avoiding sex-related adverse effects of drugs in the human.Method:The articles on the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drug molecules were retrieved from the Pub Med database. The articles were classified into the metabolism of the drug molecule, gene expression regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of sex hormones on the metabolism of drug, expression of drugmetabolizing enzymes, etc.Result:Several drug molecules are known, which are metabolized differently in males and females. These differences in metabolism may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Several other drug molecules still require further evaluation at the molecular level regarding the sex and gender-based differences in their metabolism. Attention is also required at the effect of signaling cascades associated with the metabolism of drug molecules.Conclusion:Sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drugs exist at various levels and it may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Detailed understanding of the effect of sex and related condition on the metabolism of drug molecules will help clinicians to determine the effective therapeutic doses of drugs dependingon the condition of patient and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askhi M. Valodara
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Luo J, Liu D. Does GPER Really Function as a G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in vivo? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32296387 PMCID: PMC7137379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)-mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses, where the classical nuclear ERα and ERβ act as transcriptional factors following estrogen binding to regulate gene transcription in estrogen target tissues, the non-genomic cellular responses to estrogen are believed to start at the plasma membrane, leading to rapid activation of second messengers-triggered cytoplasmic signal transduction cascades. The recently acknowledged ER, GPR30 or GPER, was discovered in human breast cancer cells two decades ago and subsequently in many other cells. Since its discovery, it has been claimed that estrogen, ER antagonist fulvestrant, as well as some estrogenic compounds can directly bind to GPER, and therefore initiate the non-genomic cellular responses. Various recently developed genetic tools as well as chemical ligands greatly facilitated research aimed at determining the physiological roles of GPER in different tissues. However, there is still lack of evidence that GPER plays a significant role in mediating endogenous estrogen action in vivo. This review summarizes current knowledge about GPER, including its tissue expression and cellular localization, with emphasis on the research findings elucidating its role in health and disease. Understanding the role of GPER in estrogen signaling will provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies to strengthen the benefits of estrogen while limiting the potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongmin Liu
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Jesse FFA, Odhah MN, Abba Y, Garba B, Mahmood Z, Hambali IU, Haron AW, Mohd Lila MA, Zamri-Saad M. Responses of female reproductive hormones and histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of Boer does challenged with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogenic corynomycolic acid extract. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103852. [PMID: 31730998 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis is a bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease of sheep and goats characterized by the formation of suppurative abscesses in superficial and visceral lymph nodes and internal organs of small ruminants. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone) and histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of does challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis and its immunogen; corynomycolic acid. A total of 12 healthy non-pregnant female goats were grouped into three: A, B and C consisting of four does each. Group A was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7 (negative control group); group B was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of corynomycolic acid extract (CMAs), while group C was intradermally inoculated with 2 mL of 10⁹ colony-forming unit (cfu) of live C. pseudotuberculosis. Blood samples were also collected at predetermined intervals for estrogen and progesterone hormonal assays. The does were euthanized 90 days post challenge and tissue samples of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and associated lymph nodes were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological processing. The result showed various degrees of histopathological changes (hemorrhage, congestion, degeneration, necrosis, edema, leucocytic infiltrations) in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of both inoculation groups. Increases in estrogen hormone concentration were observed in both inoculation groups in comparison to the control group. However, progesterone concentration was only increased in group C. This study highlighted that corynomycolic acid extract from C. pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis resulted in significant histopathology in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of does and increase estrogen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Naji Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen.
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 600233, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Zaid Mahmood
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Idris Umar Hambali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 600233, Borno State, Nigeria.
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A Selective Ligand for Estrogen Receptor Proteins Discriminates Rapid and Genomic Signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1692-1702.e5. [PMID: 31706983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts extensive and diverse effects throughout the body of women. In addition to the classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER is an important mediator of estrogen action. Existing ER-targeted therapeutic agents act as GPER agonists. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule, named AB-1, with the previously unidentified activity of high selectivity for binding classical ERs over GPER. AB-1 also possesses a unique functional activity profile as an agonist of transcriptional activity but an antagonist of rapid signaling through ERα. Our results define a class of small molecules that discriminate between the classical ERs and GPER, as well as between modes of signaling within the classical ERs. Such an activity profile, if developed into an ER antagonist, could represent an opportunity for the development of first-in-class nuclear hormone receptor-targeted therapeutics for breast cancer exhibiting reduced acquired and de novo resistance.
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Estrogen effects on arteries vary with stage of reproductive life and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis progression. Menopause 2019; 25:1262-1274. [PMID: 30358722 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have been marked by confusion and controversy concerning whether estrogens are cardioprotective. The issue is of utmost public health importance because coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women. Fortunately, a unifying hypothesis has emerged that reproductive stage is a major determinant of the effect of estrogens on atherosclerosis progression, complications, and plaque vulnerability. PREMENOPAUSAL YEARS Premenopausal atherosclerosis progression seems to be an important determinant of postmenopausal atherosclerosis and thus the risk for CHD. Clearly, plasma lipids/lipoproteins influence this progression; however, estradiol deficiency seems to be the major modulator. Both monkeys and women with premenopausal estrogen deficiency develop premature atherosclerosis, an effect that can be prevented in both species by estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. PERIMENOPAUSAL/EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL YEARS During this stage, there are robust estrogen benefits. Monkeys given estrogens immediately after surgical menopause have a 70% inhibition in coronary atherosclerosis progression. Estrogen treatment prevented progression of atherosclerosis of women in the Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial. A meta-analysis of women younger than 60 years given hormone therapy had reduced total mortality (relative risk = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.95). LATE POSTMENOPAUSAL YEARS This stage is one in which there are no or possible deleterious estrogen effects. Monkeys lose CHD benefits of estrogens when treatment is delayed. The increase in CHD events associated with initiating hormone therapy 10 or more years after menopause seems to be related to up-regulation of the plaque inflammatory processes and plaque instability and may be down-regulated by statin pretreatment.
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Gregersen I, Høibraaten E, Holven KB, Løvdahl L, Ueland T, Mowinckel MC, Dahl TB, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Sandset PM. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on atherogenic lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Thromb Res 2019; 184:1-7. [PMID: 31677448 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) approximately 7-10 years later than men, but progress with similar risk after menopause. Recent studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is cardioprotective when initiated early after menopause, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we aimed to examine the effects of HRT treatment on the plasma atherogenicity in postmenopausal women. We studied the total lipid profile in blood samples collected in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of women with a history of venous thrombosis (VT), the EVTET study. METHODS One-hundred and forty postmenopausal women <70 years were included in EVTET and randomized either to active treatment (one tablet of 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate daily) (n = 71) or placebo (n = 69). Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 3 months and subjected to routine assessment of hemostatic factors and lipids. RESULTS Our study show that HRT compared to placebo significantly reduced plasma levels of Lp(a), ApoA1, ApoB, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio at 3 months. No effect was observed on ApoB/ApoA1 ratio or triglycerides. The change in Lp(a) was significantly and inversely correlated with the change in estradiol (r = -0.32; P = 0.001) and positively correlated to the change in lipids, tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity and antigen, protein C and fibrinogen (r between 0.26 and 0.45, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In sum, this study confirms a strong effect of HRT on atherogenic lipids with a large reduction in the pro-thrombotic Lp(a), suggesting an overall favorable effect on thrombogenicity after HRT replacement therapy in post-menopausal women at risk of VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Else Høibraaten
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Løvdahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie-Christine Mowinckel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital HF, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Roque C, Mendes-Oliveira J, Duarte-Chendo C, Baltazar G. The role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 on neurological disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100786. [PMID: 31513775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) is a membrane-associated estrogen receptor (ER) associated with rapid estrogen-mediated effects. Over recent years GPER emerged has a potential therapeutic target to induce neuroprotection, avoiding the side effects elicited by the activation of classical ERs. The putative neuroprotection triggered by GPER selective activation was demonstrated in mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease of male and female in vivo rodent models. In others, like ischemic stroke, the results are contradictory and currently there is no consensus on the role played by this receptor. However, it seems clear that sex is a biological variable that may impact the results. The major objective of this review is to provide an overview about the physiological effects of GPER in the brain and its putative contribution in neurodegenerative disorders, discussing the data about the signaling pathways involved, as well as, the diverse effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roque
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Mendes-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C Duarte-Chendo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - G Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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50
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Pang Z, Lü Z, Wang M, Gong L, Liu B, Jiang L, Liu L. Characterization, relative abundances of mRNA transcripts, and subcellular localization of two forms of membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) in the common Chinese cuttlefish, Sepiella japonica. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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