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Robbins CM, Qian K, Zhang YJ, Kainerstorfer JM. Monte Carlo simulation of spatial frequency domain imaging for breast tumors during compression. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:096001. [PMID: 39282216 PMCID: PMC11399730 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.9.096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance Near-infrared optical imaging methods have shown promise for monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer, with endogenous contrast coming from oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) could be used to detect this contrast in a low-cost and portable format, but it has limited imaging depth. It is possible that local tissue compression could be used to reduce the effective tumor depth. Aim To evaluate the potential of SFDI for therapy response prediction, we aim to predict how changes to tumor size, stiffness, and hemoglobin concentration would be reflected in contrast measured by SFDI under tissue compression. Approach Finite element analysis of compression on an inclusion-containing soft material is combined with Monte Carlo simulation to predict the measured optical contrast. Results When the effect of compression on blood volume is not considered, contrast gain from compression increases with the size and stiffness of the inclusion and decreases with the inclusion depth. With a model of reduction of blood volume from compression, compression reduces imaging contrast, an effect that is greater for larger inclusions and stiffer inclusions at shallower depths. Conclusions This computational modeling study represents a first step toward tracking tumor changes induced by NAC using SFDI and local compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M Robbins
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kuanren Qian
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yongjie Jessica Zhang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jana M Kainerstorfer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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2
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Serra N, Cubeddu R, Maffeis G, Damagatla V, Pifferi A, Taroni P. In vivo optimization of the experimental conditions for the non-invasive optical assessment of breast density. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19154. [PMID: 39160254 PMCID: PMC11333589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy is performed in the range 600-1100 nm on 11 healthy volunteers with a portable system for the quantitative characterization of breast tissue in terms of optical properties and optically-derived blood parameters, tissue constituent concentrations, and scattering parameters. A measurement protocol involving different geometries (reflectance and transmittance), subject's positions (sitting and lying down), probing locations (outer, lower, and inner breast quadrants), and source-detector distances (2 and 3 cm) allowed us to investigate the effect of tissue heterogeneity and different measurement configurations on the results with the aim of identifying the best experimental conditions for the estimate of breast density (i.e., amount of fibro-glandular tissue in the breast) as a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer. Transmittance results, that in previous studies correlated strongly with mammographic density, are used as a reference for the initial test of the simpler and more comfortable reflectance measurement configuration. The higher source-detector distance, which probes deeper tissue, retrieves optical outcomes in agreement with higher average density tissue. Similarly, results on the outer quadrants indicate higher density than internal quadrants. These findings are coherent with breast anatomy since the concentration of dense fibro-glandular stroma is higher in deep tissue and towards the external portion of the breast, where the mammary gland is located. The dataset generated with this laboratory campaign is used to device an optimal measurement protocol for a future clinical trial, where optical results will be correlated with conventional mammographic density, allowing us to identify a subset of wavelengths and measurement configurations for an effective estimate of breast density. The final objective is the design of a simplified, compact and cost-effective optical device for a non-invasive, routine assessment of density-associated breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Serra
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Maffeis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vamshi Damagatla
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Taroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
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3
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Zou Y, Xue M, Hossain MI, Zhu Q. Ultrasound and diffuse optical tomography-transformer model for assessing pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:076007. [PMID: 39050779 PMCID: PMC11268382 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.7.076007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Significance We evaluate the efficiency of integrating ultrasound (US) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) images for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. The ultrasound-diffuse optical tomography (USDOT)-Transformer model represents a significant step toward accurate prediction of pCR, which is critical for personalized treatment planning. Aim We aim to develop and assess the performance of the USDOT-Transformer model, which combines US and DOT images with tumor receptor biomarkers to predict the pCR of breast cancer patients under NAC. Approach We developed the USDOT-Transformer model using a dual-input transformer to process co-registered US and DOT images along with tumor receptor biomarkers. Our dataset comprised imaging data from 60 patients at multiple time points during their chemotherapy treatment. We used fivefold cross-validation to assess the model's performance, comparing its results against a single modality of US or DOT. Results The USDOT-Transformer model demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with a mean area under the receiving characteristic curve of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93 to 0.99) across the fivefold cross-validation. The integration of US and DOT images significantly enhanced the model's ability to predict pCR, outperforming models that relied on a single imaging modality (0.87 for US and 0.82 for DOT). This performance indicates the potential of advanced deep learning techniques and multimodal imaging data for improving the accuracy (ACC) of pCR prediction. Conclusion The USDOT-Transformer model offers a promising non-invasive approach for predicting pCR to NAC in breast cancer patients. By leveraging the structural and functional information from US and DOT images, the model offers a faster and more reliable tool for personalized treatment planning. Future work will focus on expanding the dataset and refining the model to further improve its accuracy and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Minghao Xue
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Washington University in St. Louis, Imaging Science, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Deng B, Muldoon A, Cormier J, Mercaldo ND, Niehoff E, Moffett N, Saksena MA, Isakoff SJ, Carp SA. Functional hemodynamic imaging markers for the prediction of pathological outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:066001. [PMID: 38737790 PMCID: PMC11088438 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Significance Achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a significant predictor of increased likelihood of survival in breast cancer patients. Early prediction of pCR is of high clinical value as it could allow personalized adjustment of treatment regimens in non-responding patients for improved outcomes. Aim We aim to assess the association between hemoglobin-based functional imaging biomarkers derived from diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and the pathological outcome represented by pCR at different timepoints along the course of NACT. Approach Twenty-two breast cancer patients undergoing NACT were enrolled in a multimodal DOT and X-ray digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging study in which their breasts were imaged at different compression levels. Logistic regressions were used to study the associations between DOT-derived imaging markers evaluated after the first and second cycles of chemotherapy, respectively, with pCR status determined after the conclusion of NACT at the time of surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also used to explore the predictive performance of selected DOT-derived markers. Results Normalized tumor HbT under half compression was significantly lower in the pCR group compared to the non-pCR group after two chemotherapy cycles (p = 0.042 ). In addition, the change in normalized tumor StO 2 upon reducing compression from full to half mammographic force was identified as another potential indicator of pCR at an earlier time point, i.e., after the first chemo cycle (p = 0.038 ). Exploratory predictive assessments showed that AUCs using DOT-derived functional imaging markers as predictors reach as high as 0.75 and 0.71, respectively, after the first and second chemo cycle, compared to AUCs of 0.50 and 0.53 using changes in tumor size measured on DBT and MRI. Conclusions These findings suggest that breast DOT could be used to assist response assessment in women undergoing NACT, a critical but unmet clinical need, and potentially enable personalized adjustments of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ailis Muldoon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jayne Cormier
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Breast Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nathaniel D. Mercaldo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute for Technology Assessment, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth Niehoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Natalie Moffett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mansi A. Saksena
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Breast Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven J. Isakoff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Wang L. Mammography with deep learning for breast cancer detection. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1281922. [PMID: 38410114 PMCID: PMC10894909 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1281922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray mammography is currently considered the golden standard method for breast cancer screening, however, it has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. With the rapid advancements in deep learning techniques, it is possible to customize mammography for each patient, providing more accurate information for risk assessment, prognosis, and treatment planning. This paper aims to study the recent achievements of deep learning-based mammography for breast cancer detection and classification. This review paper highlights the potential of deep learning-assisted X-ray mammography in improving the accuracy of breast cancer screening. While the potential benefits are clear, it is essential to address the challenges associated with implementing this technology in clinical settings. Future research should focus on refining deep learning algorithms, ensuring data privacy, improving model interpretability, and establishing generalizability to successfully integrate deep learning-assisted mammography into routine breast cancer screening programs. It is hoped that the research findings will assist investigators, engineers, and clinicians in developing more effective breast imaging tools that provide accurate diagnosis, sensitivity, and specificity for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Biomedical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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Kheirkhah N, Kornecki A, Czarnota GJ, Samani A, Sadeghi-Naini A. Enhanced full-inversion-based ultrasound elastography for evaluating tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Phys Med 2023; 112:102619. [PMID: 37343438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An enhanced ultrasound elastography technique is proposed for early assessment of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS The proposed elastography technique inputs ultrasound radiofrequency data obtained through tissue quasi-static stimulation and adapts a strain refinement algorithm formulated based on fundamental principles of continuum mechanics, coupled with an iterative inverse finite element method to reconstruct the breast Young's modulus (E) images. The technique was explored for therapy response assessment using data acquired from 25 LABC patients before and at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after the NAC initiation (100 scans). The E ratio of tumor to the surrounding tissue was calculated at different scans and compared to the baseline for each patient. Patients' response to NAC was determined many months later using standard clinical and histopathological criteria. RESULTS Reconstructed E ratio changes obtained as early as one week after the NAC onset demonstrate very good separation between the two cohorts of responders and non-responders to NAC. Statistically significant differences were observed in the E ratio changes between the two patient cohorts at weeks 1 to 4 after treatment (p-value < 0.001; statistical power greater than 97%). A significant difference in axial strain ratio changes was observed only at week 4 (p-value = 0.01; statistical power = 76%). No significant difference was observed in tumor size changes at weeks 1, 2 or 4. CONCLUSION The proposed elastography technique demonstrates a high potential for chemotherapy response monitoring in LABC patients and superior performance compared to strain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Kheirkhah
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anat Kornecki
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abbas Samani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Imaging Research, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Naini
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Tai H, Margolis R, Li J, Hoyt K. H-Scan Ultrasound Monitoring of Breast Cancer Response to Chemotherapy and Validation With Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:1297-1306. [PMID: 36468546 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES H-scan ultrasound (US) imaging is a novel tissue characterization technique to detect apoptosis-induced changes in cancer cells after the initiation of effective drug treatment. The objective of the proposed research was to assess the sensitivity of 3-dimensional (3D) H-scan US technique for monitoring the response of breast cancer-bearing animals to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and correlate results to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) measurements of programmed cancer cell death. METHODS Experimental studies used female mice (N = 18) implanted with human breast cancer cells. Animals underwent H-scan US and DW-MRI imaging on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10. After imaging at day 0, breast tumor-bearing nude mice were treated biweekly with an apoptosis-inducing drug. Texture analysis of H-scan US images explored spatial relationships between local US scattering. At day 10, H-scan measurements were compared with DW-MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and histological findings. RESULTS H-scan US imaging of low and high dose cisplatin-treated cancer-bearing animals revealed changes in image intensity suggesting a progressive decrease in aggregate US scatterer size that was not observed in control animals. Longitudinal trends discovered in H-scan US result matched with texture analysis and DW-MRI (P < .01). Further, analysis of the H-scan US image intensity and corresponding DW-MRI-derived ADC values revealed a strong linear correlation (R2 = .93, P < .001). These changes were due to cancer cell apoptotic activity and consider as early detectable biomarker during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The 3D H-scan technique holds promise for assisting clinicians in monitoring the early response of breast cancer tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adding value to traditional diagnostic ultrasound examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Tai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Margolis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Pavlov MV, Bavrina AP, Plekhanov VI, Golubyatnikov GY, Orlova AG, Subochev PV, Davydova DA, Turchin IV, Maslennikova AV. Changes in the tumor oxygenation but not in the tumor volume and tumor vascularization reflect early response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:12. [PMID: 36717842 PMCID: PMC9887770 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) allows for assessing tumor sensitivity to systemic treatment, planning adjuvant treatment and follow-up. However, a sufficiently large number of patients fail to achieve the desired level of pathological tumor response while optimal early response assessment methods have not been established now. In our study, we simultaneously assessed the early chemotherapy-induced changes in the tumor volume by ultrasound (US), the tumor oxygenation by diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging (DOSI), and the state of the tumor vascular bed by Doppler US to elaborate the predictive criteria of breast tumor response to treatment. METHODS A total of 133 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast cancer stage II to III admitted to NACT following definitive breast surgery were enrolled, of those 103 were included in the final analysis. Tumor oxygenation by DOSI, tumor volume by US, and tumor vascularization by Doppler US were determined before the first and second cycle of NACT. After NACT completion, patients underwent surgery followed by pathological examination and assessment of the pathological tumor response. On the basis of these, data regression predictive models were created. RESULTS We observed changes in all three parameters 3 weeks after the start of the treatment. However, a high predictive potential for early assessment of tumor sensitivity to NACT demonstrated only the level of oxygenation, ΔStO2, (ρ = 0.802, p ≤ 0.01). The regression model predicts the tumor response with a high probability of a correct conclusion (89.3%). The "Tumor volume" model and the "Vascularization index" model did not accurately predict the absence of a pathological tumor response to treatment (60.9% and 58.7%, respectively), while predicting a positive response to treatment was relatively better (78.9% and 75.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging appeared to be a robust tool for early predicting breast cancer response to chemotherapy. It may help identify patients who need additional molecular genetic study of the tumor in order to find the source of resistance to treatment, as well as to correct the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Pavlov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603126
| | - Anna P. Bavrina
- grid.416347.30000 0004 0386 1631Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Vladimir I. Plekhanov
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - German Yu. Golubyatnikov
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Anna G. Orlova
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Pavel V. Subochev
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Diana A. Davydova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603126
| | - Ilya V. Turchin
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Anna V. Maslennikova
- grid.416347.30000 0004 0386 1631Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950 ,grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XNational Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Ave., 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603022
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Seong M, Oh Y, Park HJ, Choi WS, Kim JG. Use of Hypoxic Respiratory Challenge for Differentiating Alzheimer's Disease and Wild-Type Mice Non-Invasively: A Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy Study. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1019. [PMID: 36421136 PMCID: PMC9688818 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most critical brain diseases. The prevalence of the disease keeps rising due to increasing life spans. This study aims to examine the use of hemodynamic signals during hypoxic respiratory challenge for the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and wild-type (WT) mice. Diffuse optical spectroscopy, an optical system that can non-invasively monitor transient changes in deoxygenated (ΔRHb) and oxygenated (ΔOHb) hemoglobin concentrations, was used to monitor hemodynamic reactivity during hypoxic respiratory challenges in an animal model. From the acquired signals, 13 hemodynamic features were extracted from each of ΔRHb and -ΔOHb (26 features total) for more in-depth analyses of the differences between AD and WT. The hemodynamic features were statistically analyzed and tested to explore the possibility of using machine learning (ML) to differentiate AD and WT. Among the twenty-six features, two features of ΔRHb and one feature of -ΔOHb showed statistically significant differences between AD and WT. Among ML techniques, a naive Bayes algorithm achieved the best accuracy of 84.3% when whole hemodynamic features were used for differentiation. While further works are required to improve the approach, the suggested approach has the potential to be an alternative method for the differentiation of AD and WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Seong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yoonho Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Li S, Wang Y, Yan Q, Wang X, Shen Y, Li Z, Kang F, Cao X, Zhu S. Compact fiber-free parallel-plane multi-wavelength diffuse optical tomography system for breast imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6469-6486. [PMID: 35299431 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the clinical applicability of the diffuse optical inspection device, a compact multi-wavelength diffuse optical tomography system for breast imaging (compact-DOTB) with a fiber-free parallel-plane structure was designed and fabricated for acquiring three-dimensional optical properties of the breast in continuous-wave mode. The source array consists of 56 surface-mounted micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each integrating three wavelengths (660, 750, and 840 nm). The detector array is arranged with 56 miniaturized surface-mounted optical sensors, each encapsulating a high-sensitivity photodiode (PD) and a low-noise current amplifier with a gain of 24×. The system provides 3,136 pairs of source-detector measurements at each wavelength, and the fiber-free design largely ensures consistency between source/detection channels while effectively reducing the complexity of system operation and maintenance. We have evaluated the compact-DOTB system's characteristics and demonstrated its performance in terms of reconstruction positioning accuracy and recovery contrast with breast-sized phantom experiments. Furthermore, the breast cancer patient studies have been carried out, and the quantitative results indicate that the compact-DOTB system is able to observe the changes in the functional tissue components of the breast after receiving the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), demonstrating the great potential of the proposed compact system for clinical applications, while its cost and ease of operation are competitive with the existing breast-DOT devices.
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11
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Diffuse optical tomography breast imaging measurements are modifiable with pre-surgical targeted and endocrine therapies among women with early stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:297-304. [PMID: 34213660 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse optical tomography breast imaging system (DOTBIS) non-invasively measures tissue concentration of hemoglobin, which is a potential biomarker of short-term response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated whether DOTBIS-derived measurements are modifiable with targeted therapies, including AKT inhibition and endocrine therapy. METHODS We conducted a proof of principle study in seven postmenopausal women with stage I-III breast cancer who were enrolled in pre-surgical studies of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 (n = 4) or the aromatase inhibitors exemestane (n = 2) and letrozole (n = 1). We performed DOTBIS at baseline (before initiation of therapy) and post-therapy in the affected breast (tumor volume) and contralateral, unaffected breast, and measured tissue concentrations (in μM) of total hemoglobin (ctTHb), oxyhemoglobin (ctO2Hb), and deoxyhemoglobin (ctHHb), as well as water fraction (%). RESULTS We found consistent decreases in DOTBIS-measured hemoglobin concentrations in tumor volume, with median percent changes for ctTHb, ctHHb, ctO2Hb, and water fraction for the entire cohort of - 27.1% (interquartile range [IQR] 37.5%), - 49.8% (IQR 29.3%), - 33.5% (IQR 47.4%), and - 3.6% (IQR 10.6%), respectively. In the contralateral breast, median percent changes for ctTHb, ctHHb, ctO2Hb, and water fraction were + 1.8% (IQR 26.7%), - 8.6% (IQR 29.3%), + 6.2% (IQR 29.5%), and + 1.9% (IQR 30.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that DOTBIS-derived measurements are modifiable with pre-surgical AKT inhibition and endocrine therapy, supporting further investigation of DOTBIS as a potential imaging assessment of response to neoadjuvant targeted therapies in early stage breast cancer.
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Spink SS, Teng F, Pera V, Peterson HM, Cormier T, Sauer-Budge A, Chargin D, Brookfield S, Eggebrecht AT, Ko N, Roblyer D. High optode-density wearable diffuse optical probe for monitoring paced breathing hemodynamics in breast tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200339SSR. [PMID: 34080400 PMCID: PMC8170390 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.062708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) provides in vivo quantification of tissue chromophores such as oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2 and HHb, respectively). These parameters have been shown to be useful for predicting neoadjuvant treatment response in breast cancer patients. However, most DOI devices designed for the breast are nonportable, making frequent longitudinal monitoring during treatment a challenge. Furthermore, hemodynamics related to the respiratory cycle are currently unexplored in the breast and may have prognostic value. AIM To design, fabricate, and validate a high optode-density wearable continuous wave diffuse optical probe for the monitoring of breathing hemodynamics in breast tissue. APPROACH The probe has a rigid-flex design with 16 dual-wavelength sources and 16 detectors. Performance was characterized on tissue-simulating phantoms, and validation was performed through flow phantom and cuff occlusion measurements. The breasts of N = 4 healthy volunteers were measured while performing a breathing protocol. RESULTS The probe has 512 unique source-detector (S-D) pairs that span S-D separations of 10 to 54 mm. It exhibited good performance characteristics: μa drift of 0.34%/h, μa precision of 0.063%, and mean SNR ≥ 24 dB up to 41 mm S-D separation. Absorption contrast was detected in flow phantoms at depths exceeding 28 mm. A cuff occlusion measurement confirmed the ability of the probe to track expected hemodynamics in vivo. Breast measurements on healthy volunteers during paced breathing revealed median signal-to-motion artifact ratios ranging from 8.1 to 8.7 dB. Median ΔHbO2 and ΔHHb amplitudes ranged from 0.39 to 0.67 μM and 0.08 to 0.12 μM, respectively. Median oxygen saturations at the respiratory rate ranged from 82% to 87%. CONCLUSIONS A wearable diffuse optical probe has been designed and fabricated for the measurement of breast tissue hemodynamics. This device is capable of quantifying breathing-related hemodynamics in healthy breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Spink
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Fei Teng
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Vivian Pera
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hannah M. Peterson
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tim Cormier
- Boston University, Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexis Sauer-Budge
- Boston University, Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David Chargin
- Boston University, Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sam Brookfield
- Boston University, Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Naomi Ko
- Boston Medical Center, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Women’s Health Unit, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Zhu Q, Ademuyiwa FO, Young C, Appleton C, Covington MF, Ma C, Sanati S, Hagemann IS, Mostafa A, Uddin KMS, Grigsby I, Frith AE, Hernandez-Aya LF, Poplack SS. Early Assessment Window for Predicting Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Therapy using Biomarkers, Ultrasound, and Diffuse Optical Tomography. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:615-630. [PMID: 33970392 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of tumor biomarkers, ultrasound (US) and US-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) in early prediction of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). METHODS This prospective HIPAA compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Forty one patients were imaged with US and US-guided DOT prior to NAT, at completion of the first three treatment cycles, and prior to definitive surgery from February 2017 to January 2020. Miller-Payne grading was used to assess pathologic response. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were derived from logistic regression using independent variables, including: tumor biomarkers, US maximum diameter, percentage reduction of the diameter (%US), pretreatment maximum total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) and percentage reduction in HbT (%HbT) at different treatment time points. Resulting ROCs were compared using area under the curve (AUC). Statistical significance was tested using two-sided two-sample student t-test with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Logistic regression was used for ROC analysis. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (mean age = 47, range 24-71 years) successfully completed the study, including 15 HER2 + of which 11 were ER + ; 12 ER + or PR + /HER2-, and 11 triple negative. The combination of HER2 and ER biomarkers, %HbT at the end of cycle 1 (EOC1) and %US (EOC1) provided the best early prediction, AUC = 0.941 (95% CI 0.869-1.0). Similarly an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI 0.810-1.0) with %US (EOC1) and %HbT (EOC1) can be achieved independent of HER2 and ER status. The most accurate prediction, AUC = 0.974 (95% CI 0.933-1.0), was achieved with %US at EOC1 and %HbT (EOC3) independent of biomarker status. CONCLUSION The combined use of tumor HER2 and ER status, US, and US-guided DOT may provide accurate prediction of NAT response as early as the completion of the first treatment cycle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02891681. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02891681 , Registration time: September 7, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quing Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mail Box 1097, Whitaker Hall 200F, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA. .,Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Foluso O Ademuyiwa
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Catherine Young
- Washington Baylor Scott & White Health, Medical Center, Texas, Dallas, USA
| | - Catherine Appleton
- Diagnostic Imaging Associates, Ltd. St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, USA
| | - Matthew F Covington
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Cynthia Ma
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Souzan Sanati
- Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Atahar Mostafa
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mail Box 1097, Whitaker Hall 200F, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - K M Shihab Uddin
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Drive, Mail Box 1097, Whitaker Hall 200F, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Isabella Grigsby
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ashley E Frith
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Steven S Poplack
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, USA.,Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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Robbins CM, Tabassum S, Baumhauer MF, Yang J, Antaki JF, Kainerstorfer JM. Two-layer spatial frequency domain imaging of compression-induced hemodynamic changes in breast tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:056005. [PMCID: PMC8145994 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Longitudinal tracking of hemodynamic changes in the breast has shown potential for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) outcome prediction. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) could be suitable for frequent monitoring of shallow breast tumors, but strong sensitivity to superficial absorbers presents a challenge. Aim: We investigated the efficacy of a two-layer SFDI inverse model that accounts for varying melanin concentration in the skin to improve discrimination of optical properties of deep tissue of the breast. Approach: Hemodynamic changes in response to localized breast compression were measured in 13 healthy volunteers using a handheld SFDI device. Epidermis optical thickness was determined based on spectral fitting of the model output and used to calculate subcutaneous optical properties. Results: Optical properties from a homogeneous model yielded physiologically unreasonable absorption and scattering coefficients for highly pigmented volunteers. The two-layer model compensated for the effect of melanin and yielded properties in the expected range for healthy breast. Extracted epidermal optical thickness was higher for higher Fitzpatrick types. Compression induced a decrease in total hemoglobin consistent with tissue blanching. Conclusions: The handheld SFDI device and two-layer model show potential for imaging hemodynamic responses that potentially could help predict efficacy of NAC in patients of varying skin tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M. Robbins
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Molly F. Baumhauer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jason Yang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James F. Antaki
- Cornell University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Altoe ML, Kalinsky K, Marone A, Kim HK, Guo H, Hibshoosh H, Tejada M, Crew KD, Accordino MK, Trivedi MS, Hershman DL, Hielscher AH. Changes in Diffuse Optical Tomography Images During Early Stages of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Correlate with Tumor Response in Different Breast Cancer Subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1949-1957. [PMID: 33451976 PMCID: PMC8128376 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's primary objective was to evaluate the changes in optically derived parameters acquired with a diffuse optical tomography breast imaging system (DOTBIS) in the tumor volume of patients with breast carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this analysis of 105 patients with stage II-III breast cancer, normalized mean values of total hemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), oxyhemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([Formula: see text]), water, and oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) percentages were collected at different timepoints during NAC and compared with baseline measurements. This report compared changes in these optical biomarkers measured in patients who did not achieve a pathologic complete response (non-pCR) and those with a pCR. Differences regarding molecular subtypes were included for hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer. RESULTS At baseline, [Formula: see text] was higher for pCR tumors (3.97 ± 2.29) compared with non-pCR tumors (3.00 ± 1.72; P = 0.031). At the earliest imaging point after starting therapy, the mean change of [Formula: see text] compared with baseline ([Formula: see text]) was statistically significantly higher in non-pCR (1.23 ± 0.67) than in those with a pCR (0.87 ± 0.61; P < 0.0005), and significantly correlated to residual cancer burden classification (r = 0.448; P < 0.0005). [Formula: see text] combined with HER2 status was proposed as a two-predictor logistic model, with AUC = 0.891; P < 0.0005; and 95% confidence interval, 0.812-0.969. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that DOTBIS measured features change over time according to tumor pCR status and may predict early in the NAC treatment course whether a patient is responding to NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella L Altoe
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alessandro Marone
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Hyun K Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mariella Tejada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa K Accordino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Meghna S Trivedi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dawn L Hershman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andreas H Hielscher
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York.
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Maffeis G, Ferocino E, Mora AD, Pifferi A, Cubeddu R, Taroni P. In vivo test-driven upgrade of a time domain multi-wavelength optical mammograph. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1105-1122. [PMID: 33680561 PMCID: PMC7901327 DOI: 10.1364/boe.412210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A recent upgrade of the time domain multi-wavelength optical mammograph developed by Politecnico di Milano achieved good performance in laboratory tests [Biomed. Opt. Express9, 755 (2018).10.1364/BOE.9.000755]. However, it proved unsatisfactory when in vivo measurements were finally performed. That led to a further upgrade, including the replacement of the time-to-digital converter with a new model, and the related set-up changes. The new instrument version offers improved laboratory performance (as assessed through established protocols: BIP and MEDPHOT) and good in vivo performance (extension of the scanned breast area, repeatability, consistency of estimated tissue composition with physiology). Besides introducing the new set-up and detailing its laboratory and in vivo performance, we highlight the importance of systematic in vivo testing before entering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maffeis
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ferocino
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Taroni
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the contralateral non-tumor-bearing breast assessed by diffuse optical tomography. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 33517909 PMCID: PMC7849076 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the changes in optically derived parameters acquired with a diffuse optical tomography breast imager system (DOTBIS) in the contralateral non-tumor-bearing breast in patients administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer are associated with pathologic complete response (pCR). METHODS In this retrospective evaluation of 105 patients with stage II-III breast cancer, oxy-hemoglobin (ctO2Hb) from the contralateral non-tumor-bearing breast was collected and analyzed at different time points during NAC. The earliest monitoring imaging time point was after 2-3 weeks receiving taxane. Longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling to evaluate the contralateral breast ctO2Hb changes across chemotherapy when corrected for pCR status, age, and BMI. RESULTS Patients who achieved pCR to NAC had an overall decrease of 3.88 μM for ctO2Hb (95% CI, 1.39 to 6.37 μM), p = .004, after 2-3 weeks. On the other hand, non-pCR subjects had a non-significant mean reduction of 0.14 μM (95% CI, - 1.30 to 1.58 μM), p > .05. Mixed-effect model results indicated a statistically significant negative relationship of ctO2Hb levels with BMI and age. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the contralateral normal breast tissue assessed by DOTBIS is modifiable after NAC, with changes associated with pCR after only 2-3 weeks of chemotherapy.
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Zhang J, Gao S, Zheng Q, Kang Y, Li J, Zhang S, Shang C, Tan X, Ren W, Ma Y. A Novel Model Incorporating Tumor Stiffness, Blood Flow Characteristics, and Ki-67 Expression to Predict Responses After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:603574. [PMID: 33364197 PMCID: PMC7753215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ability of tumor stiffness, tumor blood flow, and Ki-67 expression alone or in combination in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer. Patients and Methods This prospective cohort study included 145 breast cancer patients treated with NACT. Tumor stiffness (maximum stiffness (Emax), mean stiffness (Emean)), blood score (BS), and their relative changes, were evaluated before (t0), during (t1-t5), and at the end of NACT (t6) by shear-wave elastography and optical imaging. Ki-67 expression was quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemistry using core biopsy specimens obtained before NACT. Pathological responses were evaluated by residual cancer burden. The ability of tumor stiffness, BS, Ki-67, and predRCB-which combined ΔEmean (t2) (the relative changes in Emean after the second NACT cycle), BS2 (BS after the second NACT cycle), and Ki-67-in predicting tumor responses was compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and the Z-test. Results Tumor stiffness and BS decreased during NACT. ΔEmean (t2), BS2, and Ki-67 had better predictive performance than other indexes in identifying a favorable response (AUC = 0.82, 0.81, and 0.80) and resistance responses (AUC = 0.85, 0.79, and 0.84), with no significant differences between the three (p > 0.05). PredRCB had better predictive performance than any parameter alone for a favorable response (AUC = 0.90) and resistance (AUC = 0.93). Conclusion Tumor stiffness, BS, and Ki-67 expression showed good and similar abilities for predicting the pathological response to NACT, and predRCB was a significantly better predictor than each index alone. These results may help design therapeutic strategies for breast cancer patients undergoing NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaojin Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang J, Tan X, Zhang X, Kang Y, Li J, Ren W, Ma Y. Efficacy of shear-wave elastography versus dynamic optical breast imaging for predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109098. [PMID: 32559591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore the value of shear-wave elastography (SWE) parameters and dynamic optical breast imaging features for predicting pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer (BC). METHOD This prospective cohort study included 91 BC patients receiving NACT. Tumor size, SWE (maximum stiffness [Emax] and mean stiffness [Emean]), blood score (BS), and oxygen score (OS) and their relative changes were collected before (t0), during (t1-t5), and after NACT (t6). The pathological response was classified according to the residual cancer burden. Relationships between tumor size, SWE stiffness, BS, and OS at t0-t6 were analyzed, and their predictive power was compared. RESULTS During six NACT cycles, tumor size, tumor stiffness, and BS decreased, and tumor OS increased. ΔEmean (t2), E2mean, BS2, and OS2 had a greater power than other indexes for predicting a favorable response (AUC = 0.79, 0.71, 0.77, 0.78) and a resistance response (0.86, 0.74, 0.71, 0.71). For the favorable response, predictive power did not differ significantly between ΔEmean (t2), E2mean, BS2, and OS2, whereas for the resistance response, ΔEmean (t2) showed better prediction than E2mean, BS2, and OS2. CONCLUSIONS SWE stiffness, BS, and OS exhibited good and similar performances in predicting a NACT favorable response, and SWE stiffness showed better performance than BS and OS in predicting NACT resistance. These results may provide an important reference for individualized treatment in BC patients receiving NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Tank A, Peterson HM, Pera V, Tabassum S, Leproux A, O'Sullivan T, Jones E, Cabral H, Ko N, Mehta RS, Tromberg BJ, Roblyer D. Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging reveals distinct early breast tumor hemodynamic responses to metronomic and maximum tolerated dose regimens. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:29. [PMID: 32169100 PMCID: PMC7071774 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer patients with early-stage disease are increasingly administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to downstage their tumors prior to surgery. In this setting, approximately 31% of patients fail to respond to therapy. This demonstrates the need for techniques capable of providing personalized feedback about treatment response at the earliest stages of therapy to identify patients likely to benefit from changing treatment. Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) has emerged as a promising functional imaging technique for NAC monitoring. DOSI uses non-ionizing near-infrared light to provide non-invasive measures of absolute concentrations of tissue chromophores such as oxyhemoglobin. In 2011, we reported a new DOSI prognostic marker, oxyhemoglobin flare: a transient increase in oxyhemoglobin capable of discriminating NAC responders within the first day of treatment. In this follow-up study, DOSI was used to confirm the presence of the flare as well as to investigate whether DOSI markers of NAC response are regimen dependent. Methods This dual-center study examined 54 breast tumors receiving NAC measured with DOSI before therapy and the first week following chemotherapy administration. Patients were treated with either a standard of care maximum tolerated dose (MTD) regimen or an investigational metronomic (MET) regimen. Changes in tumor chromophores were tracked throughout the first week and compared to pathologic response and treatment regimen at specific days utilizing generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results Within patients receiving MTD therapy, the oxyhemoglobin flare was confirmed as a prognostic DOSI marker for response appearing as soon as day 1 with post hoc GEE analysis demonstrating a difference of 48.77% between responders and non-responders (p < 0.0001). Flare was not observed in patients receiving MET therapy. Within all responding patients, the specific treatment was a significant predictor of day 1 changes in oxyhemoglobin, showing a difference of 39.45% (p = 0.0010) between patients receiving MTD and MET regimens. Conclusions DOSI optical biomarkers are differentially sensitive to MTD and MET regimens at early timepoints suggesting the specific treatment regimen should be considered in future DOSI studies. Additionally, DOSI may help to identify regimen-specific responses in a more personalized manner, potentially providing critical feedback necessary to implement adaptive changes to the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Tank
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hannah M Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vivian Pera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anais Leproux
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas O'Sullivan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Eric Jones
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomi Ko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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21
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High-resolution optoacoustic imaging of tissue responses to vascular-targeted therapies. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:286-297. [PMID: 32165736 PMCID: PMC7153756 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of vascular-targeted therapies via magnetic resonance imaging, computed omography or ultrasound is limited by their insufficient spatial resolution. By taking advantage of the intrinsic optical properties of haemoglobin, here we show that raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) provides high-resolution images of the tumour vasculature and of the surrounding tissue, and that the detection of a wide range of ultrasound bandwidths enables the distinction of vessels of differing size, allowing for detailed insights into vascular responses to vascular-targeted therapy. By using RSOM to examine the responses to vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy in mice with subcutaneous xenografts, we observed a significant and immediate occlusion of the tumour vessels, followed by haemorrhage within the tissue and the eventual collapse of the entire vasculature. By using dual-wavelength RSOM, which distinguishes oxyhaemoglobin from deoxyhaemoglobin, we observed an increase in oxygenation of the entire tumour volume immediately after the application of the therapy, and a second wave of oxygen reperfusion approximately 24 h thereafter. We also show that RSOM allows for the quantification of differences in neo-angiogenesis that predict treatment efficacy.
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Upputuri PK, Pramanik M. Photoacoustic imaging in the second near-infrared window: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30968648 PMCID: PMC6990072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality that combines optical excitation and ultrasound detection. Because ultrasound scatters much less than light in biological tissues, PA generates high-resolution images at centimeters depth. In recent years, wavelengths in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000 to 1700 nm) have been increasingly explored due to its potential for preclinical and clinical applications. In contrast to the conventional PA imaging in the visible (400 to 700 nm) and the first NIR-I (700 to 1000 nm) window, PA imaging in the NIR-II window offers numerous advantages, including high spatial resolution, deeper penetration depth, reduced optical absorption, and tissue scattering. Moreover, the second window allows a fivefold higher light excitation energy density compared to the visible window for enhancing the imaging depth significantly. We highlight the importance of the second window for PA imaging and discuss the various NIR-II PA imaging systems and contrast agents with strong absorption in the NIR-II spectral region. Numerous applications of NIR-II PA imaging, including whole-body animal imaging and human imaging, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kumar Upputuri
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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Clinical and Pre-clinical Methods for Quantifying Tumor Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:19-41. [PMID: 31201714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic of most solid malignant tumors, contributes to diminished therapeutic responses and more aggressive phenotypes. The term hypoxia has two definitions. One definition would be a physiologic state where the oxygen partial pressure is below the normal physiologic range. For most normal tissues, the normal physiologic range is between 10 and 20 mmHg. Hypoxic regions develop when there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. The impact of hypoxia on cancer therapeutics is significant: hypoxic tissue is 3× less radiosensitive than normoxic tissue, the impaired blood flow found in hypoxic tumor regions influences chemotherapy delivery, and the immune system is dependent on oxygen for functionality. Despite the clinical implications of hypoxia, there is not a universal, ideal method for quantifying hypoxia, particularly cycling hypoxia because of its complexity and heterogeneity across tumor types and individuals. Most standard imaging techniques can be modified and applied to measuring hypoxia and quantifying its effects; however, the benefits and challenges of each imaging modality makes imaging hypoxia case-dependent. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical methods for quantifying hypoxia is presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Hoi JW, Kim HK, Fong CJ, Zweck L, Hielscher AH. Non-contact dynamic diffuse optical tomography imaging system for evaluating lower extremity vasculature. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5597-5614. [PMID: 30460149 PMCID: PMC6238914 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-view non-contact dynamic diffuse optical tomographic imaging system for the clinical evaluation of vasculature in the lower extremities is presented. The system design and implementation are described in detail, including methods for simultaneously obtaining and reconstructing diffusely reflected and transmitted light using a system of mirrors and a single CCD camera. The system and its performance using numeric simulations and optical phantoms. Measurements of a healthy foot in vivo demonstrates the potential of the system in assessing perfusion within the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Hoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - H. K. Kim
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - C. J. Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - L. Zweck
- Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Martensstraße 5a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. H. Hielscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 1300 S.W. Mudd, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA
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Camorani S, Hill BS, Collina F, Gargiulo S, Napolitano M, Cantile M, Di Bonito M, Botti G, Fedele M, Zannetti A, Cerchia L. Targeted imaging and inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer metastases by a PDGFRβ aptamer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5178-5199. [PMID: 30429893 PMCID: PMC6217067 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the overall mortality for breast cancer has recently declined, management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still challenging because of its aggressive clinical behavior and the lack of targeted therapies. Genomic profiling studies highlighted the high level of heterogeneity of this cancer, which comprises different subtypes with unique phenotypes and response to treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is an established mesenchymal/stem cell-specific marker in human glioblastoma and, as recently suggested, it may uniquely mark breast cancer cells with stem-like characteristics and/or that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis for PDGFRβ expression was performed on a human TNBC tissue microarray. Functional assays were conducted on mesenchymal-like TNBC cells to investigate the effect of a previously validated PDGFRβ aptamer on invasive cell growth in three-dimensional culture conditions, migration, invasion and tube formation. The aptamer was labeled with a near-infrared (NIR) dye and its binding specificity to PDGFRβ was assessed both in vitro (confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses) and in vivo (fluorescence molecular tomography in mice bearing TNBC xenografts). A mouse model of TNBC lung metastases formation was established and NIR-labeled PDGFRβ aptamer was used to detect lung metastases in mice untreated or intravenously injected with unlabeled aptamer. Results: Here, we present novel data showing that tumor cell expression of PDGFRβ identifies a subgroup of mesenchymal tumors with invasive and stem-like phenotype, and propose a previously unappreciated role for PDGFRβ in driving TNBC cell invasiveness and metastases formation. We show that the PDGFRβ aptamer blocked invasive growth and migration/invasion of mesenchymal TNBC cell lines and prevented TNBC lung metastases formation. Further, upon NIR-labeling, the aptamer specifically bound to TNBC xenografts and detected lung metastases. Conclusions: We propose PDGFRβ as a reliable biomarker of a subgroup of mesenchymal TNBCs with invasive and stem-like phenotype as well as the use of the PDGFRβ aptamer as a high efficacious tool for imaging and suppression of TNBC lung metastases. This study will allow for the significant expansion of the current repertoire of strategies for managing patients with more aggressive TNBC.
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Lee S, Kim JG. Breast tumor hemodynamic response during a breath-hold as a biomarker to predict chemotherapeutic efficacy: preclinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-5. [PMID: 29706036 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.4.048001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous wave diffuse optical tomographic/spectroscopic system does not provide absolute concentrations of chromophores in tissue and monitor only the changes of chromophore concentration. Therefore, it requires a perturbation of physiological signals, such as blood flow and oxygenation. In that sense, a few groups reported that monitoring a relative hemodynamic change during a breast tissue compression or a breath-hold to a patient can provide good contrast between tumor and nontumor. However, no longitudinal study reports the utilization of a breath-hold to predict tumor response during chemotherapy. A continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to monitor hemodynamics in rat breast tumor during a hyperoxic to normoxic inhalational gas intervention to mimic a breath-hold during tumor growth and chemotherapy. The reduced oxyhemoglobin concentration during inhalational gas intervention correlated well with tumor growth, and it responded one day earlier than the change of tumor volume after chemotherapy. In conclusion, monitoring tumor hemodynamics during a breath-hold may serve as a biomarker to predict chemotherapeutic efficacy of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhyun Lee
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Kim
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwang, Republic of Korea
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,, Republic of Korea
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