1
|
Kumasaka S, Kartamihardja AAP, Kumasaka Y, Kameo S, Koyama H, Tsushima Y. Anthropogenic gadolinium in the Tone River (Japan): an update showing a 7.7-fold increase from 1996 to 2020. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:64. [PMID: 38782825 PMCID: PMC11116359 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), originating from Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is widely identified in the aquatic environment with concerns about toxicity and accumulation. We aimed to present new data on anthropogenic Gd in the Tone River, which has the largest drainage area in Japan, and then to compare the current data with those obtained in 1996. METHODS The water samples were collected on August 9-10, 2020, at 15 different locations of the Tone River in Japan. The concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale to construct shale-normalized REE patterns. The degree of Gd-anomaly was defined as the percentage of anthropogenic Gd to the geogenic background and used to compare the water samples from different locations. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS All the samples displayed positive Gd anomalies. The Gd-anomaly ranged from 121 to 6,545% and displayed a repeating decrease-and-increase trend. The Gd-anomaly showed strong positive correlations to the number of hospitals (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and their MRI units (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed notable anomalies of Gd concentrations in river water in Japan, with strong positive correlations to the number of major hospitals and their MRI units. Compared with the previous report in 2000, the Gd-anomaly in Tone River increased from 851% (sampled in 1996) to 6,545%, i.e., 7.7 times, reflecting the increased use of GBCAs in hospitals. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Notable Gd concentration anomalies in river water in Japan were observed. This result underlines the importance of more extensive research on anthropogenic gadolinium, and investigations of risks to human health as well as the development of effective removal technologies may be necessary. KEY POINTS • All water samples from Tone River displayed positive Gd anomalies. • The Gd anomalies increased to 7.7 times higher over the past 24 years. • Correlations between Gd values and the number of hospitals and MRI units were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - A Adhipatria P Kartamihardja
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yuka Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Nutrition, Koshien University, 10-1 Momijigaoka, Takarazuka, Hyogo, 665-0006, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gunma Rehabilitation Hospital, 2136 Kamisawatari, Nakanojo, Agatsuma District, Gunma, 377-0541, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Müller-Franzes G, Huck L, Bode M, Nebelung S, Kuhl C, Truhn D, Lemainque T. Diffusion probabilistic versus generative adversarial models to reduce contrast agent dose in breast MRI. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:53. [PMID: 38689178 PMCID: PMC11061055 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) for recovering contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) subtraction images from virtual low-dose subtraction images. METHODS Retrospective, ethically approved study. DDPM- and GAN-reconstructed single-slice subtraction images of 50 breasts with enhancing lesions were compared to original ones at three dose levels (25%, 10%, 5%) using quantitative measures and radiologic evaluations. Two radiologists stated their preference based on the reconstruction quality and scored the lesion conspicuity as compared to the original, blinded to the model. Fifty lesion-free maximum intensity projections were evaluated for the presence of false-positives. Results were compared between models and dose levels, using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS At 5% dose, both radiologists preferred the GAN-generated images, whereas at 25% dose, both radiologists preferred the DDPM-generated images. Median lesion conspicuity scores did not differ between GAN and DDPM at 25% dose (5 versus 5, p = 1.000) and 10% dose (4 versus 4, p = 1.000). At 5% dose, both readers assigned higher conspicuity to the GAN than to the DDPM (3 versus 2, p = 0.007). In the lesion-free examinations, DDPM and GAN showed no differences in the false-positive rate at 5% (15% versus 22%), 10% (10% versus 6%), and 25% (6% versus 4%) (p = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS Both GAN and DDPM yielded promising results in low-dose image reconstruction. However, neither of them showed superior results over the other model for all dose levels and evaluation metrics. Further development is needed to counteract false-positives. RELEVANCE STATEMENT For MRI-based breast cancer screening, reducing the contrast agent dose is desirable. Diffusion probabilistic models and generative adversarial networks were capable of retrospectively enhancing the signal of low-dose images. Hence, they may supplement imaging with reduced doses in the future. KEY POINTS • Deep learning may help recover signal in low-dose contrast-enhanced breast MRI. • Two models (DDPM and GAN) were trained at different dose levels. • Radiologists preferred DDPM at 25%, and GAN images at 5% dose. • Lesion conspicuity between DDPM and GAN was similar, except at 5% dose. • GAN and DDPM yield promising results in low-dose image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Müller-Franzes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luisa Huck
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maike Bode
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Teresa Lemainque
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lewis EM, Jones P, Clemens G, Fretellier N, Bussi S, Hirani E, Czupalla O, Tedoldi F, Bourrinet P, Hoberman AM. Evaluation of gadolinium-based contrast agents in juvenile CD-1 mice including behavioral evaluations. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2284. [PMID: 38158745 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seven gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), four linear and three macrocyclic, were evaluated for potential effects on development, including behavior of juvenile CD-1 mice. METHODS The GBCAs were administered via intravenous injection once daily on postnatal day (PND) 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 (PND 1 was the day of delivery) at doses up to twice the human equivalent clinical dose (i.e., 0.63 mmol Gd/kg for gadoxetate disodium and 2.5 mmol Gd/kg for the other GBCAs). Mice were bled for evaluation of exposure (plasma) to gadolinium (Gd) on PND 9, 12, and 70. At scheduled euthanasia, the liver, spleen, brain, skin (dorsal surface), bone (left femur), and kidneys were excised from up to six mice/sex/group on PND 10, 22, or 70 for the determination of Gd levels and histopathological analysis. All mice were monitored for toxicity, growth and survival, sexual maturation, and behavior. CONCLUSION Gd was quantifiable in the brain tissues with levels declining over time. There was no long-term effect on the growth and development for mice exposed to any of the GBCAs. There was no impact on neurodevelopment as assessed by brain histology and validated neurobehavioral tests, including a functional observational battery, motor activity, and learning and memory as evaluated in the Morris water maze. For all GBCAs, the highest dose tested represented the no-observable-adverse-effect level in juvenile mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Lewis
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Safety Assessment, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Jones
- GE Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Chalfont St. Giles, UK
| | - Guenther Clemens
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ella Hirani
- GE Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Chalfont St. Giles, UK
| | - Oliver Czupalla
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Alan M Hoberman
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Safety Assessment, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van der Molen AJ, Quattrocchi CC, Mallio CA, Dekkers IA. Ten years of gadolinium retention and deposition: ESMRMB-GREC looks backward and forward. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:600-611. [PMID: 37804341 PMCID: PMC10791848 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2014, for the first time, visible hyperintensities on unenhanced T1-weighted images in the nucleus dentatus and globus pallidus of the brain were associated with previous Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) injections and gadolinium deposition in patients with normal renal function. This led to a frenzy of retrospective studies with varying methodologies that the European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology Gadolinium Research and Educational Committee (ESMRMB-GREC) summarised in 2019. Now, after 10 years, the members of the ESMRMB-GREC look backward and forward and review the current state of knowledge of gadolinium retention and deposition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Gadolinium deposition is associated with the use of linear GBCA but no clinical symptoms have been associated with gadolinium deposition. KEY POINTS : • Traces of Gadolinium-based contrast agent-derived gadolinium can be retained in multiple organs for a prolonged time. • Gadolinium deposition is associated with the use of linear Gadolinium-based contrast agents. • No clinical symptoms have been associated with gadolinium deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aart J van der Molen
- Department of Radiology, C-2S, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, NL-2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlo C Quattrocchi
- Centre for Medical Sciences CISMed, University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo A Mallio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, C-2S, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, NL-2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wentworth BJ, Khot R, Caldwell SH. The Many Faces of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Controversy Abounds. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3514-3526. [PMID: 37358638 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is notoriously challenging to manage given its heterogeneity with regard to diagnosis, management, and progression. The lack of disease-modifying therapy and variable rate of onset of cirrhosis, portal hypertension-related decompensating events, jaundice, pruritus, biliary complications, and need for liver transplantation is deeply unsettling to clinicians and patients alike. Recent updated practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver endeavored to highlight some of these challenges. However, these references only briefly address clinical dilemmas that providers face on a daily basis. This review aims to further discuss these controversial topics, including providing insight into the utility of ursodeoxycolic acid, the significance of alkaline phosphatase normalization, when to consider PSC variants and mimickers, and the implications of continuous hepatobiliary malignancy screening. In particular, there has been a growing body of literature raising concern about repeat exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast. Patients with PSC are potentially at risk for large lifetime exposure to gadolinium related to frequent magnetic resonance imaging scans and whether this carries any negative long-term adverse effects remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Wentworth
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Rachita Khot
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen H Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scaravilli A, Tranfa M, Pontillo G, Falco F, Criscuolo C, Moccia M, Monti S, Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Palma G, Petracca M, Tedeschi E, Elefante A, Brunetti A, Cocozza S. MR Imaging Signs of Gadolinium Retention Are Not Associated with Long-Term Motor and Cognitive Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:396-402. [PMID: 36863844 PMCID: PMC10084901 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The long-term impact of gadolinium retention in the dentate nuclei of patients undergoing administration of seriate gadolinium-based contrast agents is still widely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gadolinium retention on motor and cognitive disability in patients with MS during long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, clinical data were obtained from patients with MS followed in a single center from 2013 to 2022 at different time points. These included the Expanded Disability Status Scale score to evaluate motor impairment and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS battery to investigate cognitive performances and their respective changes with time. The association with qualitative and quantitative MR imaging signs of gadolinium retention (namely, the presence of dentate nuclei T1-weighted hyperintensity and changes in longitudinal relaxation R1 maps, respectively) was probed using different General Linear Models and regression analyses. RESULTS No significant differences in motor or cognitive symptoms emerged between patients showing dentate nuclei hyperintensity and those without visible changes on T1WIs (P = .14 and 0.92, respectively). When we tested possible relationships between quantitative dentate nuclei R1 values and both motor and cognitive symptoms, separately, the regression models including demographic, clinical, and MR imaging features explained 40.5% and 16.5% of the variance, respectively, without any significant effect of dentate nuclei R1 values (P = .21 and 0.30, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gadolinium retention in the brains of patients with MS is not associated with long-term motor or cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Scaravilli
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| | - M Tranfa
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| | - G Pontillo
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
- Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (G.P.)
| | - F Falco
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - C Criscuolo
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - M Moccia
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - S Monti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (S.M.), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - R Lanzillo
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - V Brescia Morra
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - G Palma
- Institute of Nanotechnology (G.P.), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Petracca
- Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (F.F., C.C., M.M., R.L., V.B.M., M.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences (M.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Tedeschi
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| | - A Elefante
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| | - A Brunetti
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| | - S Cocozza
- From the Departments of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (A.S., M.T., G.P., E.T., A.E., A.B., S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Müller-Franzes G, Huck L, Tayebi Arasteh S, Khader F, Han T, Schulz V, Dethlefsen E, Kather JN, Nebelung S, Nolte T, Kuhl C, Truhn D. Using Machine Learning to Reduce the Need for Contrast Agents in Breast MRI through Synthetic Images. Radiology 2023; 307:e222211. [PMID: 36943080 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Reducing the amount of contrast agent needed for contrast-enhanced breast MRI is desirable. Purpose To investigate if generative adversarial networks (GANs) can recover contrast-enhanced breast MRI scans from unenhanced images and virtual low-contrast-enhanced images. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study of breast MRI performed from January 2010 to December 2019, simulated low-contrast images were produced by adding virtual noise to the existing contrast-enhanced images. GANs were then trained to recover the contrast-enhanced images from the simulated low-contrast images (approach A) or from the unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images (approach B). Two experienced radiologists were tasked with distinguishing between real and synthesized contrast-enhanced images using both approaches. Image appearance and conspicuity of enhancing lesions on the real versus synthesized contrast-enhanced images were independently compared and rated on a five-point Likert scale. P values were calculated by using bootstrapping. Results A total of 9751 breast MRI examinations from 5086 patients (mean age, 56 years ± 10 [SD]) were included. Readers who were blinded to the nature of the images could not distinguish real from synthetic contrast-enhanced images (average accuracy of differentiation: approach A, 52 of 100; approach B, 61 of 100). The test set included images with and without enhancing lesions (29 enhancing masses and 21 nonmass enhancement; 50 total). When readers who were not blinded compared the appearance of the real versus synthetic contrast-enhanced images side by side, approach A image ratings were significantly higher than those of approach B (mean rating, 4.6 ± 0.1 vs 3.0 ± 0.2; P < .001), with the noninferiority margin met by synthetic images from approach A (P < .001) but not B (P > .99). Conclusion Generative adversarial networks may be useful to enable breast MRI with reduced contrast agent dose. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Bahl in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Müller-Franzes
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Luisa Huck
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Firas Khader
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Tianyu Han
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Volkmar Schulz
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Ebba Dethlefsen
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Teresa Nolte
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| | - Daniel Truhn
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (G.M.F., L.H., S.T.A., F.K., E.D., S.N., T.N., C.K., D.T.) and Department of Medicine III (J.N.K.), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Division of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.H., V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davies J, Siebenhandl-Wolff P, Tranquart F, Jones P, Evans P. Gadolinium: pharmacokinetics and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals following contrast agent administration. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:403-429. [PMID: 34997254 PMCID: PMC8837552 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have transformed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by facilitating the use of contrast-enhanced MRI to allow vital clinical diagnosis in a plethora of disease that would otherwise remain undetected. Although over 500 million doses have been administered worldwide, scientific research has documented the retention of gadolinium in tissues, long after exposure, and the discovery of a GBCA-associated disease termed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, found in patients with impaired renal function. An understanding of the pharmacokinetics in humans and animals alike are pivotal to the understanding of the distribution and excretion of gadolinium and GBCAs, and ultimately their potential retention. This has been well studied in humans and more so in animals, and recently there has been a particular focus on potential toxicities associated with multiple GBCA administration. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is currently known in the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of gadolinium in humans and animals, and any toxicity associated with GBCA use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Davies
- GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, UK.
| | | | | | - Paul Jones
- GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, UK
| | - Paul Evans
- GE Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St. Giles, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen JW. Does Brain Gadolinium Deposition Have Clinical Consequence? Lessons from Animal Studies. Radiology 2021; 301:417-419. [PMID: 34463556 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W Chen
- From the Institute for Innovation in Imaging and Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th St, CNY-149, Charlestown, MA 02129
| |
Collapse
|