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Jin S, Lu W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Tao F, Zhang Y, Hu X, Liu Q. The mechanisms, hallmarks, and therapies for brain aging and age-related dementia. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:3756-3776. [PMID: 39332926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline and dementia are significant manifestations of brain aging. As the elderly population grows rapidly, the health and socio-economic impacts of cognitive dysfunction have become increasingly significant. Although clinical treatment of dementia has faced considerable challenges over the past few decades, with limited breakthroughs in slowing its progression, there has been substantial progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and hallmarks of age-related dementia (ARD). This progress brings new hope for the intervention and treatment of this disease. In this review, we categorize the latest findings in ARD biomarkers into four stages based on disease progression: Healthy brain, pre-clinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. We then systematically summarize the most promising therapeutic approaches to prevent or slow ARD at four levels: Genome and epigenome, organelle, cell, and organ and organism. We emphasize the importance of early prevention and detection, along with the implementation of combined treatments as multimodal intervention strategies, to address brain aging and ARD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Ma D, Zhang H, Wang L. Editorial: Deep learning methods and applications in brain imaging for the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1497417. [PMID: 39411146 PMCID: PMC11473404 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1497417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Gonzalez‐Gomez R, Legaz A, Moguilner S, Cruzat J, Hernández H, Baez S, Cocchi R, Coronel‐Olivero C, Medel V, Tagliazuchi E, Migeot J, Ochoa‐Rosales C, Maito MA, Reyes P, Santamaria Garcia H, Godoy ME, Javandel S, García AM, Matallana DL, Avila‐Funes JA, Slachevsky A, Behrens MI, Custodio N, Cardona JF, Brusco IL, Bruno MA, Sosa Ortiz AL, Pina‐Escudero SD, Takada LT, Resende EDPF, Valcour V, Possin KL, Okada de Oliveira M, Lopera F, Lawlor B, Hu K, Miller B, Yokoyama JS, Gonzalez Campo C, Ibañez A. Educational disparities in brain health and dementia across Latin America and the United States. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5912-5925. [PMID: 39136296 PMCID: PMC11497666 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education influences brain health and dementia. However, its impact across regions, specifically Latin America (LA) and the United States (US), is unknown. METHODS A total of 1412 participants comprising controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) from LA and the US were included. We studied the association of education with brain volume and functional connectivity while controlling for imaging quality and variability, age, sex, total intracranial volume (TIV), and recording type. RESULTS Education influenced brain measures, explaining 24%-98% of the geographical differences. The educational disparities between LA and the US were associated with gray matter volume and connectivity variations, especially in LA and AD patients. Education emerged as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions. DISCUSSION The results underscore the impact of education on brain structure and function in LA, highlighting the importance of incorporating educational factors into diagnosing, care, and prevention, and emphasizing the need for global diversity in research. HIGHLIGHTS Lower education was linked to reduced brain volume and connectivity in healthy controls (HCs), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Latin American cohorts have lower educational levels compared to the those in the United States. Educational disparities majorly drive brain health differences between regions. Educational differences were significant in both conditions, but more in AD than FTLD. Education stands as a critical factor in classifying aging and dementia across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gonzalez‐Gomez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Center for Social and Cognitive NeuroscienceSchool of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | - Agustina Legaz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Sebastián Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Josephine Cruzat
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | - Hernán Hernández
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | - Sandra Baez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Universidad de los AndesBogotáD.C.Colombia
| | - Rafael Cocchi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | - Carlos Coronel‐Olivero
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV)ValparaísoChile
| | - Vicente Medel
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | - Enzo Tagliazuchi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Departamento de FísicaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (FIBA –CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Joaquín Migeot
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
| | | | - Marcelo Adrián Maito
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pablo Reyes
- Instituto de Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá D.C.Colombia
| | - Hernando Santamaria Garcia
- Instituto de Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá D.C.Colombia
- Center for Memory and Cognition, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá, San IgnacioBogotá D.C.Colombia
| | - Maria E. Godoy
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Shireen Javandel
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adolfo M. García
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Departamento de Lingüística y LiteraturaFacultad de HumanidadesUniversidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Diana L. Matallana
- Instituto de Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá D.C.Colombia
- Center for Memory and Cognition, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá, San IgnacioBogotá D.C.Colombia
| | - José Alberto Avila‐Funes
- Dirección de EnseñanzaInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador ZubiránCiudad de MéxicoD.C.México
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO)SantiagoChile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN)Neurology DepartmentHospital del Salvador & Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC)Physiopathology Program – Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM)Neuroscience and East Neuroscience DepartmentsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de MedicinaClínica Alemana‐Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - María I. Behrens
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Unit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia PreventionPeruvian Institute of NeurosciencesLimaPeru
| | | | - Ignacio L. Brusco
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud MentalFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Martín A. Bruno
- Instituto de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad Católica de CuyoSan JuanArgentina
| | - Ana L. Sosa Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y NeurocirugíaCiudad de MéxicoD.C.México
| | - Stefanie D. Pina‐Escudero
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Elisa de Paula França Resende
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Victor Valcour
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine L. Possin
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC)University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neurosicence Research Group (GNA)Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínAntioquiaColombia
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Agustin Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiagoChile
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversidad de San Andrés, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI)Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Huang L, Hu W, Cui L, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Li Q, Huang Q, Wang L, Jiang J, Guo Q. Temporo-frontoparietal hypoconnectivity as a biomarker for isolated language impairment in mild cognitive impairment: A cross-cohort comparison. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:6566-6578. [PMID: 39115942 PMCID: PMC11497662 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether brain functional connectivity (FC) is consistently disrupted in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with isolated language impairment (ilMCI), and its potential to differentiate between MCI subtypes remains uncertain. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 404 participants in two cohorts (the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Study and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) were analyzed, including neuropsychological tests, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cerebral amyloid positivity, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. RESULTS Temporo-frontoparietal FC, particularly between the bilateral superior temporal pole and the left inferior frontal/supramarginal gyri, was consistently decreased in ilMCI compared to amnestic MCI (aMCI) and normal controls, which was correlated with semantic impairment. Using mean temporo-frontoparietal FC as a classifier could improve accuracy in identifying ilMCI subgroups with positive cerebral amyloid deposition and APOE risk alleles. DISCUSSION Temporal-frontoparietal hypoconnectivity was observed in individuals with ilMCI, which may reflect semantic impairment and serve as a valuable biomarker to indicate potential mechanisms of underlying neuropathology. HIGHLIGHTS Temporo-frontoparietal hypoconnectivity was observed in impaired language mild cognitive impairment (ilMCI). Temporo-frontoparietal hypoconnectivity may reflect semantic impairment. Temporo-frontoparietal functional connectivity can classify ilMCI subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qinjie Li
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CenterHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of GerontologyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Wiesman AI, Gallego‐Rudolf J, Villeneuve S, Baillet S, Wilson TW. Neurochemical organization of cortical proteinopathy and neurophysiology along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:6316-6331. [PMID: 39001629 PMCID: PMC11497661 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite parallel research indicating amyloid-β accumulation, alterations in cortical neurophysiological signaling, and multi-system neurotransmitter disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the relationships between these phenomena remains unclear. METHODS Using magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, and an atlas of 19 neurotransmitters, we studied the alignment between neurophysiological alterations, amyloid-β deposition, and the neurochemical gradients of the cortex. RESULTS In patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD, changes in cortical rhythms were topographically aligned with cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic systems. These alignments correlated with the severity of clinical impairments. Additionally, cortical amyloid-β plaques were preferentially deposited along neurochemical boundaries, influencing how neurophysiological alterations align with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Most of the amyloid-β-neurochemical and alpha-band neuro-physio-chemical alignments replicated in an independent dataset of individuals with asymptomatic amyloid-β accumulation. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that AD pathology aligns topographically with the cortical distribution of chemical neuromodulator systems and scales with clinical severity, with implications for potential pharmacotherapeutic pathways. HIGHLIGHTS Changes in cortical rhythms in Alzheimer's are organized along neurochemical boundaries. The strength of these alignments is related to clinical symptom severity. Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) is aligned with similar neurotransmitter systems. Aβ deposition mediates the alignment of beta rhythms with cholinergic systems. Most alignments replicate in participants with pre-clinical Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I. Wiesman
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & KinesiologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jonathan Gallego‐Rudolf
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Kang DW, Lee JW, Park MY, Kim SH, Um YH, Wang SM, Lee CU, Lim HK. Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on age-specific risk of incident dementia in patients with peptic ulcer disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01284-z. [PMID: 39129052 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy on dementia risk in high H. pylori prevalence populations remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between PUD, H. pylori eradication, and dementia risk, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in an elderly South Korean cohort, considering age and eradication timing. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2002-2015) for individuals aged 55-79 were analyzed. Participants were divided based on PUD and H. pylori therapy status. Propensity score matching was used to evaluate dementia incidence and hazard ratios over 5 and 10 years, alongside the timing of eradication therapy. PUD is linked to higher dementia risk at 5 and 10 years, more for overall dementia than AD, with eradication status not significantly altering the risk. Age-specific analysis showed increased AD risk in the 60s and 70s age groups. Late eradication therapy is correlated with a higher dementia risk. PUD is a risk factor for dementia in elderly South Koreans, particularly with delayed H. pylori therapy. The findings emphasize timely H. pylori management and its potential role in neurodegenerative disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Young Park
- Department of Data Science, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-Ro, Yeongdeungpo-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-Ro, Yeongdeungpo-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-Ro, Yeongdeungpo-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute, NEUROPHET Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, The Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon D, Myong Y, Kim YG, Sim Y, Cho M, Oh BM, Kim S. Latent diffusion model-based MRI superresolution enhances mild cognitive impairment prognostication and Alzheimer's disease classification. Neuroimage 2024; 296:120663. [PMID: 38843963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Timely diagnosis and prognostication of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are pivotal for effective intervention. Artificial intelligence (AI) in neuroradiology may aid in such appropriate diagnosis and prognostication. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of novel diffusion model-based AI for enhancing AD and MCI diagnosis through superresolution (SR) of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS 1.5T brain MR scans of patients with AD or MCI and healthy controls (NC) from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI1) were superresolved to 3T using a novel diffusion model-based generative AI (d3T*) and a convolutional neural network-based model (c3T*). Comparisons of image quality to actual 1.5T and 3T MRI were conducted based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), naturalness image quality evaluator (NIQE), and Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE). Voxel-based volumetric analysis was then conducted to study whether 3T* images offered more accurate volumetry than 1.5T images. Binary and multiclass classifications of AD, MCI, and NC were conducted to evaluate whether 3T* images offered superior AD classification performance compared to actual 1.5T MRI. Moreover, CNN-based classifiers were used to predict conversion of MCI to AD, to evaluate the prognostication performance of 3T* images. The classification performances were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and area under the receiver-operating curves (AUROC). RESULTS Analysis of variance (ANOVA) detected significant differences in image quality among the 1.5T, c3T*, d3T*, and 3T groups across all metrics. Both c3T* and d3T* showed superior image quality compared to 1.5T MRI in NIQE and BRISQUE with statistical significance. While the hippocampal volumes measured in 3T* and 3T images were not significantly different, the hippocampal volume measured in 1.5T images showed significant difference. 3T*-based AD classifications showed superior performance across all performance metrics compared to 1.5T-based AD classification. Classification performance between d3T* and actual 3T was not significantly different. 3T* images offered superior accuracy in predicting the conversion of MCI to AD than 1.5T images did. CONCLUSIONS The diffusion model-based MRI SR enhances the resolution of brain MR images, significantly improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for AD and MCI. Superresolved 3T* images closely matched actual 3T MRIs in quality and volumetric accuracy, and notably improved the prediction performance of conversion from MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youho Myong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsik Sim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kaštelan S, Nikuševa-Martić T, Pašalić D, Antunica AG, Zimak DM. Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Linking Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7271. [PMID: 39000382 PMCID: PMC11242094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a prominent neurodegenerative disorder (NDD), accounting for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. In addition to memory deficits, individuals with AD also experience alterations in the visual system. As the retina is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), the loss in retinal ganglion cells manifests clinically as decreased visual acuity, narrowed visual field, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Among the extensively studied retinal disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) shares numerous aging processes and risk factors with NDDs such as cognitive impairment that occurs in AD. Histopathological investigations have revealed similarities in pathological deposits found in the retina and brain of patients with AD and AMD. Cellular aging processes demonstrate similar associations with organelles and signaling pathways in retinal and brain tissues. Despite these similarities, there are distinct genetic backgrounds underlying these diseases. This review comprehensively explores the genetic similarities and differences between AMD and AD. The purpose of this review is to discuss the parallels and differences between AMD and AD in terms of pathophysiology, genetics, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Nikuševa-Martić
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Daria Pašalić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Onos KD, Lin PB, Pandey RS, Persohn SA, Burton CP, Miner EW, Eldridge K, Kanyinda JN, Foley KE, Carter GW, Howell GR, Territo PR. Assessment of neurovascular uncoupling: APOE status is a key driver of early metabolic and vascular dysfunction. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4951-4969. [PMID: 38713704 PMCID: PMC11247674 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with apolipoprotein Eε4 (APOEε4) being the strongest genetic risk factor. Current clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, new methods are needed for earlier detection. METHODS PET imaging was used to assess metabolism-perfusion in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOE mice, and were verified by transcriptomics, and immunopathology. RESULTS All hAPOE strains showed AD phenotype progression by 8 months, with females exhibiting the regional changes, which correlated with GO-term enrichments for glucose metabolism, perfusion, and immunity. Uncoupling analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (↓ glucose uptake, ↑ perfusion) at 8 and 12 months, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated Type-2 uncoupling (↑ glucose uptake, ↓ perfusion), while immunopathology confirmed cell specific contributions. DISCUSSION This work highlights APOEε4 status in AD progression manifests as neurovascular uncoupling driven by immunological activation, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker. HIGHLIGHTS We developed a novel analytical method to analyze PET imaging of 18F-FDG and 64Cu-PTSM data in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOEε3/ε3, hAPOEε4/ε4, and hAPOEε3/ε4 mice to assess metabolism-perfusion profiles termed neurovascular uncoupling. This analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (decreased glucose uptake, increased perfusion) at 8 and 12 months, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated significant Type-2 uncoupling (increased glucose uptake, decreased perfusion) by 8 months which aligns with immunopathology and transcriptomic signatures. This work highlights that there may be different mechanisms underlying age related changes in APOEε4/ε4 compared with APOEε3/ε4. We predict that these changes may be driven by immunological activation and response, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Scott A. Persohn
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Charles P. Burton
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ethan W. Miner
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Kate E. Foley
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Sofia L, Massa F, Pardini M, Arnaldi D, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S. Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): implications in the disease modification era. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2151-2153. [PMID: 38285205 PMCID: PMC11139684 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sofia
- Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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11
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Jäger HR. The connection between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2171-2173. [PMID: 38062269 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Rolf Jäger
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Box 65, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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12
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Attyé A, Renard F, Anglade V, Krainik A, Kahane P, Mansencal B, Coupé P, Calamante F. Data-driven normative values based on generative manifold learning for quantitative MRI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7563. [PMID: 38555415 PMCID: PMC10981723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In medicine, abnormalities in quantitative metrics such as the volume reduction of one brain region of an individual versus a control group are often provided as deviations from so-called normal values. These normative reference values are traditionally calculated based on the quantitative values from a control group, which can be adjusted for relevant clinical co-variables, such as age or sex. However, these average normative values do not take into account the globality of the available quantitative information. For example, quantitative analysis of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images based on anatomical structure segmentation frequently includes over 100 cerebral structures in the quantitative reports, and these tend to be analyzed separately. In this study, we propose a global approach to personalized normative values for each brain structure using an unsupervised Artificial Intelligence technique known as generative manifold learning. We test the potential benefit of these personalized normative values in comparison with the more traditional average normative values on a population of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy operated for focal cortical dysplasia, as well as on a supplementary healthy group and on patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanina Anglade
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI, SFR RMN Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Krainik
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI, SFR RMN Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Department of Neurology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Boris Mansencal
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LABRI, UMR5800, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LABRI, UMR5800, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Fernando Calamante
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Imaging-The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Onos K, Lin PB, Pandey RS, Persohn SA, Burton CP, Miner EW, Eldridge K, Kanyinda JN, Foley KE, Carter GW, Howell GR, Territo PR. Assessment of Neurovascular Uncoupling: APOE Status is a Key Driver of Early Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.13.571584. [PMID: 38168292 PMCID: PMC10760108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with apolipoprotein ε4 (APOEε4) being the strongest genetic risk factor. Current clinical diagnostic imaging focuses on amyloid and tau; however, new methods are needed for earlier detection. METHODS PET imaging was used to assess metabolism-perfusion in both sexes of aging C57BL/6J, and hAPOE mice, and were verified by transcriptomics, and immunopathology. RESULTS All hAPOE strains showed AD phenotype progression by 8 mo, with females exhibiting the regional changes, which correlated with GO-term enrichments for glucose metabolism, perfusion, and immunity. Uncoupling analysis revealed APOEε4/ε4 exhibited significant Type-1 uncoupling (↓ glucose uptake, ↑ perfusion) at 8 and 12 mo, while APOEε3/ε4 demonstrated Type-2 uncoupling (↑ glucose uptake, ↓ perfusion), while immunopathology confirmed cell specific contributions. DISCUSSION This work highlights APOEε4 status in AD progression manifest as neurovascular uncoupling driven by immunological activation, and may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Onos
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Scott A. Persohn
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Charles P. Burton
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ethan W. Miner
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | | | - Kate E. Foley
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
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14
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Giorelli M, Accavone D, De Liso A. Is Alzheimer's disease an individual-centered disease? Hypotheses from the atomic levels up to mathematical models for biological systems. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1352261. [PMID: 38487323 PMCID: PMC10938591 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1352261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Giorelli
- Operative Unit of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Barletta-Andria-Trani (ASL BT), Barletta, Italy
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15
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Anzai Y, Ertl-Wagner B. Neuroradiology 2040: A Glimpse into the Future. Radiology 2023; 308:e231267. [PMID: 37750766 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Anzai
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salth Lake City, Utah (Y.A.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 (B.E.W.); and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.E.W.)
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salth Lake City, Utah (Y.A.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8 (B.E.W.); and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.E.W.)
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Hess CP. MRI of the Brain: What Is Driving Innovation in 2023? Radiology 2023; 308:e231657. [PMID: 37750776 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Hess
- From the Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Room M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628
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