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Burnouf PA, Roffler SR, Wu CC, Su YC. Glucuronides: From biological waste to bio-nanomedical applications. J Control Release 2022; 349:765-782. [PMID: 35907593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long considered as no more than biological waste meant to be eliminated in urine, glucuronides have recently contributed to tremendous developments in the biomedical field, particularly against cancer. While glucuronide prodrugs monotherapy and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy have been around for some time, new facets have emerged that combine the unique properties of glucuronides notably in the fields of antibody-drug conjugates and nanomedicine. In both cases, glucuronides are utilized as a vector to improve pharmacokinetics and confer localized activation of potent drugs at tumor sites while also decreasing systemic toxicity. Here we will discuss some of the most promising strategies using glucuronides to promote successful anti-tumor therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Burnouf
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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2
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Kunihiro AG, Luis PB, Brickey JA, Frye JB, Chow HHS, Schneider C, Funk JL. Beta-Glucuronidase Catalyzes Deconjugation and Activation of Curcumin-Glucuronide in Bone. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:500-509. [PMID: 30794412 PMCID: PMC6528680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological basis for documented in vivo bone-protective effects of turmeric-derived curcumin is unclear since curcumin is barely detectable in serum, being rapidly conjugated to form what is thought to be an inactive glucuronide. Studies were therefore undertaken to test the postulate that antiresorptive effects of curcumin require deconjugation within bone to form the bioactive aglycone and that β-glucuronidase (GUSB), a deconjugating enzyme expressed by hematopoietic marrow cells, facilitates this site-specific transformation. Consistent with this postulate, aglycone, but not glucuronidated, curcumin inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis, a key curcumin target in bone. Aglycone curcumin, expressed relative to total curcumin, was higher in bone marrow than in serum of curcumin-treated C57BL/6J mice, while remaining a minor component. Ex vivo, under conditions preventing further metabolism of the unstable aglycone, the majority of curcumin-glucuronide delivered to marrow in vivo was hydrolyzed to the aglycone, a process that was inhibited by treatment with saccharolactone, a GUSB inhibitor, or in mice having reduced (C3H/HeJ) or absent (mps/mps) GUSB activity. These findings suggest that curcumin, despite low systemic bioavailability, may be enzymatically activated (deconjugated) within GUSB-enriched bone to exert protective effects, a metabolic process that could also contribute to bone-protective effects of other highly glucuronidated dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Kunihiro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Julia A Brickey
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jen B Frye
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - H-H. Sherry Chow
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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3
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are a large class of biological catalysts that play a vital role in a plethora of critical biochemical processes required to maintain human health. However, the expression and/or activity of these important enzymes can change in many different diseases and therefore represent exciting targets for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers. This review focuses on recently reported radiolabeled substrates, reversible inhibitors, and irreversible inhibitors investigated as PET and SPECT tracers for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. By learning from the most successful examples of tracer development for hydrolytic enzymes, it appears that an early focus on careful enzyme kinetics and cell-based studies are key factors for identifying potentially useful new molecular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Rempel
- 1 Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,3 Biomarker Discovery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Römhild K, Fischer CA, Mindt TL. Glycated 99m Tc-Tricarbonyl-Labeled Peptide Conjugates for Tumor Targeting by "Click-to-Chelate". ChemMedChem 2016; 12:66-74. [PMID: 27902882 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Attaching polar pharmacological modifiers to molecular imaging probes is a common strategy to modulate their pharmacokinetic profiles to improve such parameters as the clearance rate of radiotracers and/or metabolites, and to enhance signal-to-background ratios. We combined the tumor-targeting peptide sequence of bombesin (BBN) with glucuronic acid and the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclide 99m Tc by the "click-to-chelate" methodology. The 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-labeled glucuronated BBN conjugate was compared with a reference compound lacking the carbohydrate. The radiolabeled conjugates displayed similar characteristics in vitro (cell internalization, receptor affinity), but the hydrophilicity of the glycated version was significantly increased. While the tumor uptake of the two radioconjugates in xenografted mice was similar, the glycated peptide exhibited unexpected higher uptake in organs of the hepatobiliary excretion pathway than the more lipophilic reference compound. Control experiments suggest that this may be the result of unspecific accumulation of metabolites in which the glucuronic acid moiety does not act as an innocent pharmacological modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Römhild
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane A Fischer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Edwardson DW, Narendrula R, Chewchuk S, Mispel-Beyer K, Mapletoft JPJ, Parissenti AM. Role of Drug Metabolism in the Cytotoxicity and Clinical Efficacy of Anthracyclines. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 16:412-26. [PMID: 26321196 PMCID: PMC5398089 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216888150915112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies involving anti-tumor agents neglect to consider how these agents are metabolized within the host and whether the creation of specific metabolites alters drug therapeutic properties or toxic side effects. However, this is not the case for the anthracycline class of chemotherapy drugs. This review describes the various enzymes involved in the one electron (semi-quinone) or two electron (hydroxylation) reduction of anthracyclines, or in their reductive deglycosidation into deoxyaglycones. The effects of these reductions on drug antitumor efficacy and toxic side effects are also discussed. Current evidence suggests that the one electron reduction of anthracyclines augments both their tumor toxicity and their toxicity towards the host, in particular their cardiotoxicity. In contrast, the two electron reduction (hydroxylation) of anthracyclines strongly reduces their ability to kill tumor cells, while augmenting cardiotoxicity through their accumulation within cardiomyocytes and their direct effects on excitation/contraction coupling within the myocytes. The reductive deglycosidation of anthracyclines appears to inactivate the drug and only occurs under rare, anaerobic conditions. This knowledge has resulted in the identification of important new approaches to improve the therapeutic index of anthracyclines, in particular by inhibiting their cardiotoxicity. The true utility of these approaches in the management of cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains unclear, although one such agent (the iron chelator dexrazoxane) has recently been approved for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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6
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Su YC, Cheng TC, Leu YL, Roffler SR, Wang JY, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen KC, Wang HE, Cheng TL. PET imaging of β-glucuronidase activity by an activity-based 124I-trapping probe for the personalized glucuronide prodrug targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2852-63. [PMID: 25277385 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucuronidase (βG) is a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prodrug therapy. The ability to image βG activity in patients would assist in personalized glucuronide prodrug cancer therapy. However, whole-body imaging of βG activity for medical usage is not yet available. Here, we developed a radioactive βG activity-based trapping probe for positron emission tomography (PET). We generated a (124)I-tyramine-conjugated difluoromethylphenol beta-glucuronide probe (TrapG) to form (124)I-TrapG that could be selectively activated by βG for subsequent attachment of (124)I-tyramine to nucleophilic moieties near βG-expressing sites. We estimated the specificity of a fluorescent FITC-TrapG, the cytotoxicity of tyramine-TrapG, and the serum half-life of (124)I-TrapG. βG targeting of (124)I-TrapG in vivo was examined by micro-PET. The biodistribution of (131)I-TrapG was investigated in different organs. Finally, we imaged the endogenous βG activity and assessed its correlation with therapeutic efficacy of 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide (9ACG) prodrug in native tumors. FITC-TrapG showed specific trapping at βG-expressing CT26 (CT26/mβG) cells but not in CT26 cells. The native TrapG probe possessed low cytotoxicity. (124)I-TrapG preferentially accumulated in CT26/mβG but not CT26 cells. Meanwhile, micro-PET and whole-body autoradiography results demonstrated that (124)I-TrapG signals in CT26/mβG tumors were 141.4-fold greater than in CT26 tumors. Importantly, Colo205 xenografts in nude mice that express elevated endogenous βG can be monitored by using infrared glucuronide trapping probes (NIR-TrapG) and suppressed by 9ACG prodrug treatment. (124)I-TrapG exhibited low cytotoxicity allowing long-term monitoring of βG activity in vivo to aid in the optimization of prodrug targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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7
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Fejerskov B, Jensen NBS, Teo BM, Städler B, Zelikin AN. Biocatalytic polymer coatings: on-demand drug synthesis and localized therapeutic effect under dynamic cell culture conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1314-1324. [PMID: 24376172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic surface coatings are prepared herein for localized synthesis of drugs and their on-demand, site-specific delivery to adhering cells. This novel approach is based on the incorporation of an enzyme into multilayered polymer coatings to accomplish enzyme-prodrug therapy (EPT). The build-up of enzyme-containing multilayered coatings is characterized and correlations are drawn between the multilayer film assembly conditions and the enzymatic activity of the resulting coatings. Therapeutic effect elicited by the substrate mediated EPT (SMEPT) strategy is investigated using a prodrug for an anticancer agent, SN-38. The performance of biocatalytic coatings under flow conditions is investigated and it is demonstrated that EPT allows synthesizing the drugs on-demand, at the time desired and in a controllable amount to suit particular applications. Finally, using cells cultured in sequentially connected flow chambers, it is demonstrated that SMEPT affords a site-specific drug delivery, that is, exerts a higher therapeutic effect in cells adhering directly to the biocatalytic coatings than in the cells cultured "downstream". Taken together, these data illustrate biomedical opportunities made possible by engineering tools of EPT into multilayered polymer coatings and present a novel, highly versatile tool for surface mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Fejerskov
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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8
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Khan KM, Rahim F, Wadood A, Taha M, Khan M, Naureen S, Ambreen N, Hussain S, Perveen S, Choudhary MI. Evaluation of bisindole as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors: synthesis and in silico based studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1825-9. [PMID: 24602903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisindole analogs 1-17 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. Out of seventeen compounds, the analog 1 (IC50=1.62±0.04 μM), 6 (IC50=1.86±0.05 μM), 10 (IC50=2.80±0.29 μM), 9 (IC50=3.10±0.28 μM), 14 (IC50=4.30±0.08 μM), 2 (IC50=18.40±0.09 μM), 19 (IC50=19.90±1.05 μM), 4 (IC50=20.90±0.62 μM), 7 (IC50=21.50±0.77 μM), and 3 (IC50=22.30±0.02 μM) showed superior β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity than the standard (d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone, IC50=48.40±1.25 μM). In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the binding interactions of bisindole derivatives with the enzyme. This study has identified a new class of potent β-glucouronidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naureen
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ambreen
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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9
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Cheng TC, Roffler SR, Tzou SC, Chuang KH, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen CS, Harn IH, Liu KY, Cheng TL, Leu YL. An Activity-Based Near-Infrared Glucuronide Trapping Probe for Imaging β-Glucuronidase Expression in Deep Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3103-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209335z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Microbiology and
Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institutes
of Basic Medical
Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Harn
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
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10
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Antunes IF, Haisma HJ, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A, Willemsen AT, Dierckx RA, de Vries EF. In Vivo Evaluation of 1-O-(4-(2-Fluoroethyl-Carbamoyloxymethyl)-2-Nitrophenyl)-O-β-D-Glucopyronuronate: A Positron Emission Tomographic Tracer for Imaging β-Glucuronidase Activity in a Tumor/Inflammation Rodent Model. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iněs F. Antunes
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde J. Haisma
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoon T.M. Willemsen
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. Dierckx
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F.J. de Vries
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Hess M, Stritzker J, Härtl B, Sturm JB, Gentschev I, Szalay AA. Bacterial glucuronidase as general marker for oncolytic virotherapy or other biological therapies. J Transl Med 2011; 9:172. [PMID: 21989091 PMCID: PMC3207905 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viral tumor therapy is an emerging field in the fight against cancer with rising numbers of clinical trials and the first clinically approved product (Adenovirus for the treatment of Head and Neck Cancer in China) in this field. Yet, until recently no general (bio)marker or reporter gene was described that could be used to evaluate successful tumor colonization and/or transgene expression in other biological therapies. Methods Here, a bacterial glucuronidase (GusA) encoded by biological therapeutics (e.g. oncolytic viruses) was used as reporter system. Results Using fluorogenic probes that were specifically activated by glucuronidase we could show 1) preferential activation in tumors, 2) renal excretion of the activated fluorescent compounds and 3) reproducible detection of GusA in the serum of oncolytic vaccinia virus treated, tumor bearing mice in several tumor models. Time course studies revealed that reliable differentiation between tumor bearing and healthy mice can be done as early as 9 days post injection of the virus. Regarding the sensitivity of the newly developed assay system, we could show that a single infected tumor cell could be reliably detected in this assay. Conclusion GusA therefore has the potential to be used as a general marker in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of (novel) biological therapies as well as being useful for the detection of rare cells such as circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hess
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Enhancement of CPT-11 antitumor activity by adenovirus-mediated expression of β-glucuronidase in tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:381-9. [PMID: 21350582 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CPT-11 is a clinically important prodrug that requires conversion into the active metabolite SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I poison, for antitumor activity. However, SN-38 is rapidly metabolized to the inactive SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) in the liver, which reduces the amount of SN-38 available for killing cancer cells. Here, we investigated if local expression of β-glucuronidase (βG) on cancer cells to catalytically convert SN38G to SN38 could enhance the antitumor activity of CPT-11. βG was tethered on the plasma membrane of three different human cancer cell lines: human colon carcinoma (LS174T), lung adenocarcinoma (CL1-5) and bladder carcinoma (EJ). Surface β-glucuronidase-expressing cells were 20 to 80-fold more sensitive to SN-38G than the parental cells. Intravenous CPT-11 produced significantly greater suppression of CL1-5 and LS174 T tumors that expressed βG as compared with unmodified tumors. Furthermore, an adenoviral vector expressing membrane-tethered βG (Ad.βG) increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to SN-38G even at multiplicity of infections as low as 0.16, indicating bystander killing of non-transduced cancer cells. Importantly, intratumoral injection of Ad.βG significantly enhanced the in vivo antitumor activity of CPT-11 as compared with treatment with CPT-11 or Ad vectors alone. This study shows that Ad.βG has potential to boost the therapeutic index of CPT-11.
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13
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Chuang KH, Wang HE, Cheng TC, Tzou SC, Tseng WL, Hung WC, Tai MH, Chang TK, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Development of a universal anti-polyethylene glycol reporter gene for noninvasive imaging of PEGylated probes. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:933-41. [PMID: 20484433 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A reporter gene can provide important information regarding the specificity and efficacy of gene or cell therapies. Although reporter genes are increasingly used in experimental and clinical studies, a highly specific yet nonimmunogenic reporter that can track genes and cells in vivo by multiple imaging technologies still awaits development. In this study, we constructed a versatile and nonimmunogenic reporter gene to noninvasively image gene expression or cell delivery by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. METHODS We cloned and expressed a membrane-anchored anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) reporter that consists of the Fab fragment of a mouse anti-PEG monoclonal antibody, AGP3, fused to the C-like extracellular-transmembrane-cytosolic domains of the mouse B7-1 receptor. Binding of PEGylated probes (PEG-NIR797 for optical imaging, PEG-superparamagnetic iron oxide for MRI, and (124)I-PEG for small-animal PET) were examined in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we compared the specificity, immunogenicity, and probe toxicity of the anti-PEG reporter with the gold standard reporter gene, type 1 herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk). Finally, we derived a humanized anti-PEG reporter and evaluated its imaging function in vivo with subcutaneous and metastatic tumor models in mice. RESULTS The cells or tumors that stably expressed anti-PEG reporters selectively accumulated various PEGylated imaging probes and could be detected by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. Importantly, the anti-PEG reporter displayed an imaging specificity comparable to the HSV-tk reporter but did not provoke immune responses or cause toxicity to the host. Furthermore, the humanized anti-PEG reporter retained high imaging specificity in vivo. CONCLUSION The highly specific and nonimmunogenic anti-PEG reporter may be paired with PEGylated probes to provide a valuable system to image gene expression or cell delivery in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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