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Cairns CA, Xiao L, Wang JY. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Growth and Adaptation by Noncoding RNAs in Critical Surgical Disorders. J INVEST SURG 2024; 37:2308809. [PMID: 38323630 PMCID: PMC11027105 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2024.2308809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The human intestinal epithelium has an impressive ability to respond to insults and its homeostasis is maintained by well-regulated mechanisms under various pathophysiological conditions. Nonetheless, acute injury and inhibited regeneration of the intestinal epithelium occur commonly in critically ill surgical patients, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the bloodstream. Effective therapies for the preservation of intestinal epithelial integrity and for the prevention of mucosal hemorrhage and gut barrier dysfunction are limited, primarily because of a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying mucosal disruption. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small vault RNAs (vtRNAs), modulate a wide array of biological functions and have been identified as orchestrators of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Here, we feature the roles of many important ncRNAs in controlling intestinal mucosal growth, barrier function, and repair after injury-particularly in the context of postoperative recovery from bowel surgery. We review recent literature surrounding the relationships between lncRNAs, microRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins and how their interactions impact cell survival, proliferation, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions in the intestinal epithelium. With advancing knowledge of ncRNA biology and growing recognition of the importance of ncRNAs in maintaining the intestinal epithelial integrity, ncRNAs provide novel therapeutic targets for treatments to preserve the gut epithelium in individuals suffering from critical surgical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A. Cairns
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Wang Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Qing M, Li X, Chou Y, Chen G, Li N. Curcumin promotes renewal of intestinal epithelium by miR-195-3p. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117413. [PMID: 37972911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in the Indian Ayurvedic medical system. According to the theory behind traditional Chinese medicine, turmeric can be distributed in the spleen meridian, for which it has been used as a digestive aid. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol compound originally derived from turmeric, has anti-inflammatory activity and can assist in treating inflammatory bowel disease. AIMS OF THE STUDY To investigate curcumin's protective effects on intestinal epithelium and explore the underlying miR-195-3p-related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The miR-195-3p mimics were used to over-express miR-195-3p. The in vitro effects of Cur and miR-195-3p on the intestine were shown utilizing intestinal cryptlike epithelial cell line-6 (IEC-6) cells. By fasting for 48 h, an intestinal mucosal atrophy model of SD rats was created in vivo. Cur (25 or 50 mg/kg) was assessed for its protective effect on intestinal epithelium. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) with an intestinal protective effect reported in our previous research was adopted as a positive drug for the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity evaluation since there is no universally positive drug for either intestinal mucosal restitution or miR-195-3p modulation. RESULTS Cur protects the intestinal epithelium and promotes its repair after injury via down-regulating miR-195-3p. In vitro experiments showed that Cur inhibited the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells, stimulated their growth, and down-regulated the level of miR-195-3p in cells. When miR-195-3p was overexpressed, the viability of IEC-6 cells decreased while the apoptosis rate increased. All the above detrimental effects were alleviated after curcumin intervention. Moreover, Cur reversed the effect of miR-195-3p on its downstream occludin. In vivo, results showed that 48-h fasting impaired the integrity of the small intestinal mucosa (abnormal crypt structure and reduced goblet cell number), which was ameliorated by Cur treatment. In addition, the Cur treatment reversed both the increased expression level of miR-195-3p and decreased levels of ki-67 and occludin caused by fasting. CONCLUSIONS Cur could promote the proliferation and repair after injury of the intestinal mucosa by down-regulating miR-195-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xueni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Mengli Qing
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yixian Chou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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3
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Zhang H, Lai J, Zhang L, Zhang W, Liu X, Gong Q, Tian H, Yang M, Yang T, Zhao R, Li D, Huang H, Zhao Y, Yan S, Yu M, Xiyang Y, Shi L, Yang L, Wang L, Chen W, Cao X. The co-regulation of the gut microbiome and host genes might play essential roles in metformin gastrointestinal intolerance. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 481:116732. [PMID: 37871735 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is commonly used, but approximately 20% of patients experience gastrointestinal intolerance, leading to medication discontinuation for unclear reasons and a lack of effective management strategies. In this study, the 18 fecal and blood samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA and mRNA transcriptome, respectively. These samples included 3 fecal and 4 blood from metformin-tolerant T2D patients before and after metformin treatment (T and Ta), 3 fecal and 5 blood from metformin-intolerant T2D patients before and after treatment (TS and TSa), and 6 fecal samples from healthy controls. The results showed that certain anti-inflammatory gut bacteria and gene, such as Barnesiella (p = 0.046), Parabacteroides goldsteinii (p = 0.016), and the gene JUND (p = 0.0002), exhibited higher levels in metformin-intolerant patients, and which decreased after metformin treatment (p < 0.05). This potentially invalidates patients' anti-inflammatory effect and intestinal mucus barrier protection, which may lead to alterations in intestinal permeability, decreased gut barrier function, and gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, bloating, and nausea. After metformin treatment, primary bile acids (PBAs) production species: Weissella confusa, Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum increased (p < 0.05). The species converting PBAs to secondary bile acids (SBAs): Parabacteroides distasonis decreased (p < 0.05). This might result in accumulation of PBAs, which also may lead to anti-inflammatory gene JUND and SQSTM1 downregulated. In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin intolerance may be attributed to a decrease in anti-inflammatory-related flora and genes, and also alterations in PBAs accumulation-related flora. These findings open up possibilities for future research targeting gut flora and host genes to prevent metformin intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilin Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongxi Tian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Hehua Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing NO.1 Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanbin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; No.1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Qujing Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Park EJ, Shimaoka M, Kiyono H. Functional Flexibility of Exosomes and MicroRNAs of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Affecting Inflammation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:854487. [PMID: 35647030 PMCID: PMC9130772 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.854487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are a mucosal immune barrier essential to coordinate host-microbe crosstalk. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome with dysfunction in multiple organs including the intestine whose epithelial barrier is deregulated. Thus, IECs are a main contributor to intestinal permeability and inflammation in sepsis. Exosomes emerge as a mediator of intercellular and inter-organic communications. Recently, IEC-derived exosomes and their cargoes, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in sepsis were shown to regulate the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the inflamed gut tissues. It is a compelling hypothesis that these IEC exosomes exhibit their dynamic activity to deliver their functional miRNA cargoes to immune cells in local and distant organs to regulate proinflammatory responses and alleviate tissue injury. Also, epithelial tight junction (TJ) proteins are downregulated on gut inflammation. Some of the IEC miRNAs were reported to deteriorate the epithelial integrity by diminishing TJ expressions in intestines during sepsis and aging. Thus, it is worth revisiting and discussing the diverse functions of IEC exosomes and miRNAs in reshaping inflammations. This review includes both iterative and hypothetical statements based on current knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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5
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Kambis TN, Tofilau HMN, Gawargi FI, Chandra S, Mishra PK. Regulating Polyamine Metabolism by miRNAs in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 34902085 PMCID: PMC8668854 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insulin is at the heart of diabetes mellitus (DM). DM alters cardiac metabolism causing cardiomyopathy, ultimately leading to heart failure. Polyamines, organic compounds synthesized by cardiomyocytes, have an insulin-like activity and effect on glucose metabolism, making them metabolites of interest in the DM heart. This review sheds light on the disrupted microRNA network in the DM heart in relation to developing novel therapeutics targeting polyamine biosynthesis to prevent/mitigate diabetic cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS Polyamines prevent DM-induced upregulation of glucose and ketone body levels similar to insulin. Polyamines also enhance mitochondrial respiration and thereby regulate all major metabolic pathways. Non-coding microRNAs regulate a majority of the biological pathways in our body by modulating gene expression via mRNA degradation or translational repression. However, the role of miRNA in polyamine biosynthesis in the DM heart remains unclear. This review discusses the regulation of polyamine synthesis and metabolism, and its impact on cardiac metabolism and circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and ketone bodies. We provide insights on potential roles of polyamines in diabetic cardiomyopathy and putative miRNAs that could regulate polyamine biosynthesis in the DM heart. Future studies will unravel the regulatory roles these miRNAs play in polyamine biosynthesis and will open new doors in the prevention/treatment of adverse cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Kambis
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Flobater I Gawargi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surabhi Chandra
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68845, USA
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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6
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Guo H, Gao J, Qian Y, Wang H, Liu J, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Wang K. miR-125b-5p inhibits cell proliferation by targeting ASCT2 and regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in an LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:838. [PMID: 34149884 PMCID: PMC8210225 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier injury is an important cause of death in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therefore, it is of great significance to identify a therapeutic target for intestinal barrier injury to delay the progression of AIDS. microRNA (miRNA/miR)-125b-5p has an extensive role in cancer and controlling intestinal epithelial barrier function, but its role in human immunodeficiency virus-related intestinal mucosal damage remains unknown. The present study was designed to explore the effects of miR-125b-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal mucosal injury and the underlying mechanism. The expression of miR-125b-5p and ASCT2 mRNA was detected in colon biopsy samples of 10 patients with AIDS and 10 control healthy subjects. Human intestinal embryonic mucosa cells (CCC-HIE-2) were used to establish an LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury model in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. miR-125b-5p levels and ASCT2 mRNA and protein expression levels in the LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury model were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The interaction between miR-125b-5p and ASCT2 was analyzed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that miR-125b-5p levels were increased and ASCT2 mRNA expression levels were decreased in colon samples from patients with AIDS and in LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cells. In the LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury model, transfection with miR-125b-5p mimic inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, while transfection with a miR-125b-5p inhibitor increased cell proliferation and attenuated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-125b-5p mimic transfection resulted in a decrease of ASCT2 mRNA and protein expression, whereas the inhibitor increased ASCT2 mRNA and protein expression. Dual luciferase reporter assays suggested that ASCT2 was a direct target of miR-125b-5p, and its restoration weakened the effect of miR-125b-5p on LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury. Transfection with the miR-125b-5p mimic also exhibited a suppressive effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the LPS-induced intestinal mucosal cell injury model. Overall, the present study indicated that miR-125b-5p accelerated LPS-induced intestinal mucosa cell injury by targeting ASCT2 and upregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The current findings may provide novel targets for the treatment of intestinal barrier injury in patients with AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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7
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Jiang LP, Wang SR, Chung HK, Buddula S, Wang JY, Rao JN. miR-222 represses expression of zipcode binding protein-1 and phospholipase C-γ1 in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C415-C423. [PMID: 30649922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00165.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both zipcode binding protein-1 (ZBP1) and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) are intimately involved in many aspects of early intestinal mucosal repair after acute injury, but the exact mechanisms that control their cellular abundances remain largely unknown. The present study shows that microRNA-222 (miR-222) interacts with the mRNAs encoding ZBP1 and PLCγ1 and regulates ZBP1 and PLCγ1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The biotinylated miR-222 bound specifically to the ZBP1 and PLCγ1 mRNAs in IECs. Ectopically expressed miR-222 precursor destabilized the ZBP1 and PLCγ1 mRNAs and consequently lowered the levels of cellular ZBP1 and PLCγ1 proteins. Conversely, decreasing the levels of cellular miR-222 by transfection with its antagonism increased the stability of the ZBP1 and PLCγ1 mRNAs and increased the levels of ZBP1 and PLCγ1 proteins. Overexpression of miR-222 also inhibited cell migration over the wounded area, which was partially abolished by overexpressing ZBP1 and PLCγ1. Furthermore, prevention of the increased levels of ZBP1 and PLCγ1 in the miR-222-silenced cells by transfection with specific small interfering RNAs targeting ZBP1 or PLCγ1 mRNA inhibited cell migration after wounding. These findings indicate that induced miR-222 represses expression of ZBP1 and PLCγ1 at the posttranscriptional level, thus inhibiting IEC migration during intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jiang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saharsh Buddula
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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α4 Coordinates Small Intestinal Epithelium Homeostasis by Regulating Stability of HuR. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00631-17. [PMID: 29555726 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00631-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance among proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-associated protein α4 controls the activity and specificity of serine/threonine phosphatases and is thus implicated in many cellular processes. Here, using a genetic approach, we investigated the mechanisms whereby α4 controls the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. In mice with ablated α4, the small intestinal mucosa exhibited crypt hyperplasia, villus shrinkage, defective differentiation of Paneth cells, and reduced IEC migration along the crypt-villus axis. The α4-deficient intestinal epithelium also displayed decreased expression of different intercellular junction proteins and abnormal epithelial permeability. In addition, α4 deficiency decreased the levels of the RNA-binding protein HuR in the mucosal tissue. In cultured IECs, ectopic overexpression of HuR in α4-deficient cells rescued the production of these intercellular junction proteins and restored the epithelial barrier function to a nearly normal level. Mechanistically, α4 silencing destabilized HuR through a process involving HuR phosphorylation by IκB kinase α, leading to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR. These findings indicate that the critical impact of α4 upon the barrier function and homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends largely on its ability to regulate the stability of HuR.
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9
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Xiao L, Wu J, Wang JY, Chung HK, Kalakonda S, Rao JN, Gorospe M, Wang JY. Long Noncoding RNA uc.173 Promotes Renewal of the Intestinal Mucosa by Inducing Degradation of MicroRNA 195. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:599-611. [PMID: 29042220 PMCID: PMC5811324 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mammalian intestinal epithelium self-renews rapidly and homeostasis is preserved via tightly controlled mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) control different cell functions, but little is known about their role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. We searched for T-UCRs that regulate growth of the intestinal mucosa and investigated the mechanism by which T-UCR uc.173 regulates epithelial renewal. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were deprived of food for 48 hours in fasting experiments. Some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of a plasmid encoding LNA-anti-uc.173, to knock down endogenous uc.173. For studies using organoids, primary enterocytes were isolated from the intestine and transfected with the uc.173 transgene to increase uc.173 levels. Intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and IEC-6 lines) were transfected with LNA-anti-uc.173 or uc.173 transgene. We quantified intestinal epithelial renewal based on BrdU incorporation, villus height and crypt depth, and cell number. The association of uc.173 with microRNA 195 (miRNA195) was determined by RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS Genome-wide profile analyses identified 21 T-UCRs, including uc.173, that were differentially expressed between intestinal mucosa of fasted vs non-fasted mice. Increasing levels of uc.173 by expression of a transgene increased growth of intestinal epithelial cells and organoids. Decreasing uc.173 levels by LNA-anti-uc.173 in mice reduced renewal of the intestinal epithelium. We found that uc.173 interacted directly with the primary transcript of miRNA195, leading to miRNA195 degradation. CONCLUSIONS In analyses of intestinal epithelial cells and mice, we identified uc.173 noncoding RNA that regulates growth of the intestinal mucosa and stimulates intestinal epithelial renewal by reducing levels of miRNA195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jing Wu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jun-Yao Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Jaladanki N. Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland 21201,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Maryland 21201
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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10
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Yuan T, Fu L, Zhou L, Lin G, Zhao S, Zhou H, Wu G, Wang J. MicroRNA-29a mediates the impairment of intestinal epithelial integrity induced by intrauterine growth restriction in pig. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G434-G442. [PMID: 28280141 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00020.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An important characteristic of intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonate is the impaired intestinal barrier function. With the use of a pig model, this study was conducted to identify the responsible microRNA (miRNA) for the intestinal damage in IUGR neonates through comparing the miRNA profile of IUGR and normal porcine neonates and to investigate the regulation mechanism. Compared with the normal ones, we identified 83 upregulated and 76 downregulated miRNAs in the jejunum of IUGR pigs. Notably, IUGR is associated with profoundly increasesd miR-29 family and decreased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the jejunum. Furthermore, in vitro study using theporcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) showed that inhibition of miR-29a expression could improve the monolayer integrity by increasing cell proliferation and transepithelial resistance. Also, overexpression/inhibition of miR-29a in IPEC-1 cells can suppress/increase the expression of integrin-β1, collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, and claudin 1, both at transcriptional and translational levels. Subsequent luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct interaction between miR-29a and the 3'-untranslated regions of these genes. In conclusion, this study reveals that IUGR-impaired intestinal barrier function is associated with downregulated ECM and TJ protein expression mediated by the upregulation of miR-29a.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) remains a major problem for both human health and animal production due to its association with high rates of preweaning morbidity and mortality. We have identified the abnormal expression of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in the small intestine of IUGR neonates, as well as its targets and mechanisms. These results provide new information about biological characteristics of IUGR-affected intestinal dysfunction and can lead to the development of potentially solution for preventing and treating IUGR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Taolin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
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11
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Yang Y, Pan Q, Sun B, Yang R, Fang X, Liu X, Yu X, Zhao Z. miR-29b Targets LPL and TDG Genes and Regulates Apoptosis and Triglyceride Production in MECs. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:758-765. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Pan
- College of Animal Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Boxing Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xu Y, Chen J, Xiao L, Chung HK, Zhang Y, Robinson JC, Rao JN, Wang JY. Transcriptional regulation of importin-α1 by JunD modulates subcellular localization of RNA-binding protein HuR in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C874-C883. [PMID: 27733365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00209.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuR is crucial for normal intestinal mucosal regeneration by modulating the stability and translation of target mRNAs, but the exact mechanism underlying HuR trafficking between the cytoplasm and nucleus remains largely unknown. Here we report a novel function of transcription factor JunD in the regulation of HuR subcellular localization through the control of importin-α1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Ectopically expressed JunD specifically inhibited importin-α1 at the transcription level, and this repression is mediated via interaction with CREB-binding site that was located at the proximal region of importin-α1 promoter. Reduction in the levels of importin-α1 by JunD increased cytoplasmic levels of HuR, although it failed to alter whole cell HuR levels. Increased levels of endogenous JunD by depleting cellular polyamines also inhibited importin-α1 expression and increased cytoplasmic HuR levels, whereas JunD silencing rescued importin-α1 expression and enhanced HuR nuclear translocation in polyamine-deficient cells. Moreover, importin-α1 silencing protected IECs against apoptosis, which was prevented by HuR silencing. These results indicate that JunD regulates HuR subcellular distribution by downregulating importin-α1, thus contributing to the maintenance of gut epithelium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Chen
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph C Robinson
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; .,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Wang JY, Xiao L, Wang JY. Posttranscriptional regulation of intestinal epithelial integrity by noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27704722 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the gut epithelial integrity under stressful environments requires epithelial cells to rapidly elicit changes in gene expression patterns to regulate their survival, adapt to stress, and keep epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial integrity occurs commonly in patients with various critical illnesses, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the blood stream. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of master regulators of gene expression and are fundamentally involved in many aspects of gut mucosal regeneration, protection, and epithelial barrier function. Here, we highlight the roles of several intestinal epithelial tissue-specific microRNAs, including miR-222, miR-29b, miR-503, and miR-195, and long ncRNAs such as H19 and SPRY4-IT1 in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions and also further analyze the mechanisms through which ncRNAs and their interactions with RNA-binding proteins modulate the stability and translation of target mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1399. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1399 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yao Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Alcalá-Corona SA, Velázquez-Caldelas TE, Espinal-Enríquez J, Hernández-Lemus E. Community Structure Reveals Biologically Functional Modules in MEF2C Transcriptional Regulatory Network. Front Physiol 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27252657 PMCID: PMC4878384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks are useful to understand the activity behind the complex mechanisms in transcriptional regulation. A main goal in contemporary biology is using such networks to understand the systemic regulation of gene expression. In this work, we carried out a systematic study of a transcriptional regulatory network derived from a comprehensive selection of all potential transcription factor interactions downstream from MEF2C, a human transcription factor master regulator. By analyzing the connectivity structure of such network, we were able to find different biologically functional processes and specific biochemical pathways statistically enriched in communities of genes into the network, such processes are related to cell signaling, cell cycle and metabolism. In this way we further support the hypothesis that structural properties of biological networks encode an important part of their functional behavior in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Alcalá-Corona
- Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic MedicineMexico City, Mexico; Complexity in Systems Biology, Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Espinal-Enríquez
- Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic MedicineMexico City, Mexico; Complexity in Systems Biology, Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic MedicineMexico City, Mexico; Complexity in Systems Biology, Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City, Mexico
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15
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Post-transcriptional regulation of Wnt co-receptor LRP6 and RNA-binding protein HuR by miR-29b in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1641-9. [PMID: 27089893 PMCID: PMC4888462 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression by binding to their target mRNAs for degradation and/or translation repression and are implicated in many aspects of cellular physiology. Our previous study shows that miR-29b acts as a biological repressor of intestinal mucosal growth, but its exact downstream targets remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that mRNAs, encoding Wnt co-receptor LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 6) and RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuR, are novel targets of miR-29b in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and that expression of LRP6 and HuR is tightly regulated by miR-29b at the post-transcriptional level. miR-29b interacted with both Lrp6 and HuR mRNAs via their 3′-UTRs and inhibited LRP6 and HuR expression by destabilizing Lrp6 and HuR mRNAs and repressing their translation. Studies using heterologous reporter constructs revealed a greater repressive effect of miR-29b through a single binding site in the Lrp6 or HuR 3′-UTR, whereas deletion mutation of this site prevented miR-29b-induced repression of LRP6 and HuR expression. Repression of HuR by miR-29b in turn also contributed to miR-29b-induced LRP6 inhibition, since ectopic overexpression of HuR in cells overexpressing miR-29b restored LRP6 expression to near normal levels. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-29b inhibits expression of LRP6 and HuR post-transcriptionally, thus playing a role in the regulation of IEC proliferation and intestinal epithelial homoeostasis.
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16
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H19 Long Noncoding RNA Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function via MicroRNA 675 by Interacting with RNA-Binding Protein HuR. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1332-41. [PMID: 26884465 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01030-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier function occurs commonly in various pathologies, but the exact mechanisms responsible are unclear. The H19 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulates the expression of different genes and has been implicated in human genetic disorders and cancer. Here, we report that H19 plays an important role in controlling the intestinal epithelial barrier function by serving as a precursor for microRNA 675 (miR-675). H19 overexpression increased the cellular abundance of miR-675, which in turn destabilized and repressed the translation of mRNAs encoding tight junction protein ZO-1 and adherens junction E-cadherin, resulting in the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier. Increasing the level of the RNA-binding protein HuR in cells overexpressing H19 prevented the stimulation of miR-675 processing from H19, promoted ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression, and restored the epithelial barrier function to a nearly normal level. In contrast, the targeted deletion of HuR in intestinal epithelial cells enhanced miR-675 production in the mucosa and delayed the recovery of the gut barrier function after exposure to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. These results indicate that H19 interacts with HuR and regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier function via the H19-encoded miR-675 by altering ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression posttranscriptionally.
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17
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Xiao L, Rao JN, Cao S, Liu L, Chung HK, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Gorospe M, Wang JY. Long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 regulates intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulating the expression levels of tight junction proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:617-26. [PMID: 26680741 PMCID: PMC4750922 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the intestinal mucosa and form an important barrier to a wide array of noxious substances in the lumen. Disruption of the barrier integrity occurs commonly in various pathologies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) control diverse biological processes, but little is known about the role of lncRNAs in regulation of the gut permeability. Here we show that the lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier function by altering expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. SPRY4-IT1 silencing led to dysfunction of the epithelial barrier in cultured cells by decreasing the stability of mRNAs encoding TJ proteins claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and JAM-1 and repressing their translation. In contrast, increasing the levels of SPRY4-IT1 in the intestinal mucosa protected the gut barrier in mice exposed to septic stress by increasing the abundance of TJ proteins. SPRY4-IT1 directly interacted with TJ mRNAs, and this process was enhanced through the association with the RNA-binding protein HuR. Of interest, the intestinal mucosa from patients with increased gut permeability exhibited a decrease in the levels of SPRY4-IT1. These findings highlight a novel role for SPRY4-IT1 in controlling the intestinal epithelial barrier and define a mechanism by which SPRY4-IT1 modulates TJ expression by altering the stability and translation of TJ mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of -Gastroenterology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yun Zhang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of -Gastroenterology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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