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Batty MJ, Chabrier G, Sheridan A, Gage MC. Metabolic Hormones Modulate Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184661. [PMID: 34572888 PMCID: PMC8467249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a type of immune cell which play an important role in the development of cancer. Obesity increases the risk of cancer and obesity also causes disruption to the normal levels of hormones that are produced to coordinate metabolism. Recent research now shows that these metabolic hormones also play important roles in macrophage immune responses and so through macrophages, disrupted metabolic hormone levels may promote cancer. This review article aims to highlight and summarise these recent findings so that the scientific community may better understand how important this new area of research is, and how these findings can be capitalised on for future scientific studies. Abstract Macrophages are phagocytotic leukocytes that play an important role in the innate immune response and have established roles in metabolic diseases and cancer progression. Increased adiposity in obese individuals leads to dysregulation of many hormones including those whose functions are to coordinate metabolism. Recent evidence suggests additional roles of these metabolic hormones in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. In this review, we highlight key metabolic hormones and summarise their influence on the inflammatory response of macrophages and consider how, in turn, these hormones may influence the development of different cancer types through the modulation of macrophage functions.
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Gottfried-Blackmore A, Namkoong H, Adler E, Martin B, Gubatan J, Fernandez-Becker N, Clarke JO, Idoyaga J, Nguyen L, Habtezion A. Gastric Mucosal Immune Profiling and Dysregulation in Idiopathic Gastroparesis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00349. [PMID: 33979305 PMCID: PMC8132986 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unclear how immune perturbations may influence the pathogenesis of idiopathic gastroparesis, a prevalent functional disorder of the stomach which lacks animal models. Several studies have noted altered immune characteristics in the deep gastric muscle layer associated with gastroparesis, but data are lacking for the mucosal layer, which is endoscopically accessible. We hypothesized that immune dysregulation is present in the gastroduodenal mucosa in idiopathic gastroparesis and that specific immune profiles are associated with gastroparesis clinical parameters. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective case-control study, routine endoscopic biopsies were used for comprehensive immune profiling by flow cytometry, multicytokine array, and gene expression in 3 segments of the stomach and the duodenal bulb. Associations of immune endpoints with clinical parameters of gastroparesis were also explored. RESULTS The gastric mucosa displayed large regional variation of distinct immune profiles. Furthermore, several-fold increases in innate and adaptive immune cells were found in gastroparesis. Various immune cell types showed positive correlations with duration of disease, proton pump inhibitor dosing, and delayed gastric emptying. DISCUSSION This initial observational study showed immune compartmentalization of the human stomach mucosa and significant immune dysregulation at the level of leukocyte infiltration in idiopathic gastroparesis patients that extends to the duodenum. Select immune cells, such as macrophages, may correlate with clinicopathological traits of gastroparesis. This work supports further mucosal studies to advance our understanding of gastroparesis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Namkoong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Emerald Adler
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brock Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University,
Stanford, USA
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Nielsen Fernandez-Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - John O. Clarke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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García-Martínez P, Collado-Díaz V, Mateu-Puchades A, Villarroel-Vicente C, Rovira-Llopis S, Blas-García A, Álvarez Á, Esplugues JV, Andújar I. Differential Effects of Biologics on Psoriasis-Related Vascular Inflammation and Risk of Thrombosis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2294-2298.e6. [PMID: 32311396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Collado-Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana Blas-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ríos-Navarro C, de Pablo C, Collado-Diaz V, Orden S, Blas-Garcia A, Martínez-Cuesta MÁ, Esplugues JV, Alvarez A. Differential effects of anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-12/23 agents on human leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:355-65. [PMID: 26344475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced leukocyte recruitment is an inflammatory process that occurs during early phases of the vascular dysfunction that characterises atherosclerosis. We evaluated the impact of anti-TNF-α (adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept) and anti-IL-12/23 (ustekinumab) on interactions between human leukocytes and endothelial cells in a flow chamber that reproduced in vivo conditions. Clinical concentrations of anti-TNF-α were evaluated on the leukocyte recruitment induced by a variety of endothelial (TNF-α, interleukin-1β, lymphotoxin-α and angiotensin-II) and leukocyte (PAF, IL-12 and IL-23) stimuli related to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Treatment with anti-TNF-α, even before or after establishing the inflammatory situation induced by TNF-α, diminished leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions induced by this stimuli. Our results also implicated adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) in the actions of anti-TNF-α in terms of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium. However, anti-TNF-α drugs did not influence the actions of interleukin-1β, but prevented those of lymphotoxin-α and angiotensin-II. However, once established, inflammatory response elicited by the latter three stimuli could not be reversed. Pre-treatment with anti-TNF-α, also prevented leukocyte actions induced by IL-23 on PBMC rolling flux and rolling velocity and by IL-12 on PMN adhesion. Ustekinumab exhibited a more discreet profile, having no effect on leukocyte recruitment induced by any of the endothelial stimuli, while blocking the effects of IL-23 on leukocyte activation and those of IL-12 on PMN adhesion and PAF on PBMC rolling velocity. These findings endorse the idea that biological anti-inflammatory drugs, in particular anti-TNF-α, have the capacity to influence cardiovascular risk accompanying psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis by ameliorating vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Ríos-Navarro
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO- Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Víctor Collado-Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO- Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Samuel Orden
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO- Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Blas-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO- Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO- Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Fundación General Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Paradoxically augmented anti-tumorigenic action of proton pump inhibitor and GastrininAPCMin/+ intestinal polyposis model. Neoplasia 2014; 16:73-83. [PMID: 24563620 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though long-term administration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) imposed the risk of gastrointestinal track tumorigenesis by accompanied hypergastrinemia, no overt increases of colon cancer risk were witnessed after a long-term cohort study. Our recent investigation revealed that PPI prevented colitis-associated carcinogenesis through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-mutagenic mechanisms in spite of hypergastrinemia. Therefore, we hypothesized that PPI might either antagonize the trophic action of gastrin on gastrointestinal tumorigenesis or synergize to exert augmented anti-tumorigenic actions. We challenged APCMin/+ mice with gastrin, PPI, PPI and gastrin together for 10 weeks and counted intestinal polyposis accompanied with molecular changes. Gastrin significantly increased intestinal polyposis, but combination of PPI and gastrin markedly attenuated intestinal polyposis compared to gastrin-promoted APCMin/+ mice (P<.001), in which significant β-catenin phosphorylation and inhibition of β-catenin nuclear translocation were observed with PPI alone or combination of PPI and gastrin, whereas gastrin treatment significantly increased β-catenin nuclear translocation. Significant footprints of apoptosis, G0/G1 accumulation, inactivation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, decreased expressions of CD31, and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 were noted in the combination group. In vitro investigations were similar to in vivo findings as shown that PPI treatment inhibited the binding of gastrin to its receptor, inactivated β-catenin-associated signaling including Tcf/Lef and glycogen synthase kinase β, and paradoxically inhibited β-catenin-associated proliferative activities. Our investigations explain why colon cancer risk has not increased despite long-term use of PPIs and provide a rationale for using PPI to achieve anti-tumorigenesis beyond acid suppression.
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Hernández C, Barrachina MD, Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masiá D, Álvarez Á, Terrádez L, Nicolau MJ, Alós R, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S. Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98458. [PMID: 24901518 PMCID: PMC4047028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a negative prognostic factor for most cancers but gastrointestinal tumors seem to be an exception. The effect of macrophages on cancer progression depends on their phenotype, which may vary between M1 (pro-inflammatory, defensive) to M2 (tolerogenic, pro-tumoral). Gastrointestinal cancers often become an ectopic source of gastrins and macrophages present receptors for these peptides. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether gastrins can affect the pattern of macrophage infiltration in colorectal tumors. We have evaluated the relationship between gastrin expression and the pattern of macrophage infiltration in samples from colorectal cancer and the influence of these peptides on the phenotype of macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in vitro. The total number of macrophages (CD68+ cells) was similar in tumoral and normal surrounding tissue, but the number of M2 macrophages (CD206+ cells) was significantly higher in the tumor. However, the number of these tumor-associated M2 macrophages correlated negatively with the immunoreactivity for gastrin peptides in tumor epithelial cells. Macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in the presence of progastrin showed lower levels of M2-markers (CD206, IL10) with normal amounts of M1-markers (CD86, IL12). Progastrin induced similar effects in mature macrophages treated with IL4 to obtain a M2-phenotype or with LPS plus IFNγ to generate M1-macrophages. Macrophages differentiated in the presence of progastrin presented a reduced expression of Wnt ligands and decreased the number and increased cell death of co-cultured colorectal cancer epithelial cells. Our results suggest that progastrin inhibits the acquisition of a M2-phenotype in human macrophages. This effect exerted on tumor associated macrophages may modulate cancer progression and should be taken into account when analyzing the therapeutic value of gastrin immunoneutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernández
- FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación General Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biomedicina y Farmacología FISABIO - Hospital Dr.Peset - UVEG, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Orden S, De Pablo C, Rios-Navarro C, Martinez-Cuesta MA, Peris JE, Barrachina MD, Esplugues JV, Alvarez A. Efavirenz induces interactions between leucocytes and endothelium through the activation of Mac-1 and gp150,95. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:995-1004. [PMID: 24275118 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The potential cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been attributed mainly to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors abacavir and didanosine. However, the other two components of cART--non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs)--may also be implicated, either directly or by influencing the action of the other drugs. This study evaluates the acute direct effects of the NNRTIs efavirenz and nevirapine and one of the most widely employed PIs, lopinavir, on leucocyte-endothelium interactions, a hallmark of CV disease. METHODS Drugs were analysed in vitro in human cells (interactions of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear or mononuclear cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells) using a flow chamber system, and in vivo in rat mesenteric vessels by means of intravital microscopy. The expression of adhesion molecules in leucocytes and endothelial cells was studied by flow cytometry, and the role of these molecules in white cell recruitment was evaluated by pre-treating human cells or rats with blocking antibodies. RESULTS Efavirenz and nevirapine, but not lopinavir, increased the rolling flux and adhesion of leucocytes in vitro and in vivo while inducing emigration in rat venules. Efavirenz, but not nevirapine, augmented the levels of CD11b, CD11c and CD18 in neutrophils and monocytes. The actions of efavirenz, but not of nevirapine, were reversed by antibodies against Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), gp150,95 (CD11c/CD18) or ICAM-1 (CD54). CONCLUSIONS NNRTIs, but not PIs, interfere with leucocyte-endothelial interactions. However, differences between efavirenz and nevirapine suggest a specific CV profile for each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Orden
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Hernandez-Mijares A, Rocha M, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Bellod L, de Pablo C, Alvarez A, Roldan-Torres I, Sola-Izquierdo E, Victor VM. Human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients and their association with silent myocardial ischemia. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1695-702. [PMID: 23300290 PMCID: PMC3661843 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and increased mortality, but a possible correlation between leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress, and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is yet to be confirmed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in 200 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with SMI) and 60 body composition- and age-matched control subjects. A possible correlation between these parameters and the onset of SMI was explored, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Waist, levels of triglycerides, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. However, no statistical differences in hs-CRP and insulin levels were detected when the data were adjusted for waist. None of these parameters varied between SMI and non-SMI patients. Mitochondrial function was impaired and leukocyte-endothelium interactions were more frequent among diabetic patients, which was evident in the lower mitochondrial O2 consumption, membrane potential, polymorphonuclear cell rolling velocity, and GSH/GSSG ratio, and in the higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and rolling flux, adhesion, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin molecules observed in these subjects. Moreover, these differences correlated with SMI. Statistical differences were maintained after adjusting the data for BMI and waist, with the exception of VCAM-1 levels when adjusted for waist. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endothelium-inducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions are features of type 2 diabetes and correlate with SMI.
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Matters GL, Clawson GA. A Speculative Role for Stromal Gastrin Signaling in Development and Dissemination of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 4:003. [PMID: 25346875 PMCID: PMC4208305 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7092.s4-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The peptide growth factor gastrin and its receptor, the G-protein coupled cholecystokinin receptor type B (CCKBR), play an integral role in the growth and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Gastrin immunoreactivity is found in the fetal pancreas but its expression is not detected in normal pancreas after birth, except when it is re-expressed in malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Clawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA ; Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation and Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
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Ectopic pregnancy as a model to identify endometrial genes and signaling pathways important in decidualization and regulated by local trophoblast. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23595. [PMID: 21858178 PMCID: PMC3157392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endometrium in early pregnancy undergoes decidualization and functional changes induced by local trophoblast, which are not fully understood. We hypothesized that endometrium from tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) could be interrogated to identify novel genes and pathways involved in these processes. Gestation-matched endometrium was collected from women with EP (n = 11) and intrauterine pregnancies (IUP) (n = 13). RNA was extracted from the tissue. In addition, tissues were prepared for histological analysis for degree of decidualization. We compared a) the samples from EP that were decidualized (n = 6) with non-decidualized samples (n = 5), and b) the decidualized EP (n = 6) with decidualization-matched IUP (n = 6) samples using an Affymetrix gene array platform, with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, combined with quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of PRL and IGFBP1 was used to confirm the degree of decidualization in each group. There were no differences in PRL or IGFBP1 expression in the decidualization-matched samples but a marked reduction (P<0.001) in the non-decidualized samples. Decidualization was associated with increased expression of 428 genes including SCARA5 (181-fold), DKK1 (71-fold) and PROK1 (32-fold), and decreased expression of 230 genes including MMP-7 (35-fold) and SFRP4 (21-fold). The top canonical pathways associated with these differentially expressed genes were Natural Killer Cell and Wnt/b-Catenin signaling. Local trophoblast was associated with much less alteration of endometrial gene expression with an increase in 56 genes, including CSH1 (8-fold), and a reduction in 29 genes including CRISP3 (8-fold). The top associated canonical pathway was Antigen Presentation. The study of endometrium from tubal EP may promote novel insights into genes involved in decidualization and those influenced by factors from neighboring trophoblast. This has afforded unique information not highlighted by previous studies and adds to our understanding of the endometrium in early pregnancy.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Larussa T, Suraci E, Leone I, Nazionale I, Abenavoli L, Galasso O, Amorosi A, Imeneo M, Luzza F. Short-term therapy with celecoxib and lansoprazole modulates Th1/ Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa. Helicobacter 2010; 15:449-59. [PMID: 21083751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors may exert immune-mediated effects in human gastric mucosa. T-cell immune response plays a role in Helicobacter pylori-induced pathogenesis. This study evaluated effects of celecoxib and lansoprazole on T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa. METHODS Dyspeptic patients with or without osteoarticular pain were given one of the following 4-week therapies: celecoxib 200 mg, celecoxib 200 mg plus lansoprazole 30 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg daily. Expression of COX-2, T-bet, and pSTAT6 and production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 were determined in gastric biopsies before and after therapy. Histology was evaluated. RESULTS Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE₂ production was higher, and Th1 signaling pathway was predominant in H. pylori-infected vs. uninfected patients. T-bet expression and IFN-γ production increased, while STAT6 activation and IL-4 production decreased following therapy with celecoxib and celecoxib plus lansoprazole, respectively. Th1 and Th2 signaling pathways down-regulated after therapy with lansoprazole, and this was associated with an improvement of gastritis. Effect of therapy was not affected by H. pylori status. CONCLUSION Celecoxib and lansoprazole modulate Th1/Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa. The use of these drugs may interfere with long-term course of gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Larussa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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Abacavir and didanosine induce the interaction between human leukocytes and endothelial cells through Mac-1 upregulation. AIDS 2010; 24:1259-66. [PMID: 20453628 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32833a2b02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abacavir and didanosine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) widely used in therapy for HIV-infection but which have been linked to cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of clinically relevant doses of abacavir and didanosine on human leukocyte-endothelium interactions and to compare them with those of other NRTIs. DESIGN AND METHODS The interactions between human leukocytes - specifically peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) or mononuclear (PBMC) cells - and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in a flow chamber system that reproduces conditions in vivo. The expression of adhesion molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Abacavir induced a dose-dependent increase in PMN and PBMC rolling and adhesion. This was reproduced by didanosine but not by lamivudine or zidovudine. Both abacavir and didanosine increased Mac-1 expression in neutrophils and monocytes, but produced no effects on either lymphocytes or the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. The PMN/PBMC rolling and adhesion induced by abacavir or didanosine did not occur when antibodies against Mac-1 or its ligand ICAM-1 were blocked. CONCLUSION Abacavir induces significant human leukocyte accumulation through the activation of Mac-1, which in turn interacts with its endothelial ligand ICAM-1. The fact that didanosine exhibits similar effects and that lamivudine and zidovudine do not points to a relationship between the chemical structure of NRTIs and the induction of leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions. This mechanism may be especially relevant to the progression of the vascular damage associated with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in abacavir and didanosine-treated patients.
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