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Kumar L, Bisen M, Khan A, Kumar P, Patel SKS. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102477. [PMID: 36289739 PMCID: PMC9598837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, injury, stiffness, and bone loss. The prevalence of these conditions is frequent among elderly populations with significant mobility and mortality rates. This may lead to extreme discomfort and detrimental effect on the patient’s health and socioeconomic situation. Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue are vital for body function and movement. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulatory proteases involved in synthesizing, degrading, and remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) components. By modulating ECM reconstruction, cellular migration, and differentiation, MMPs preserve myofiber integrity and homeostasis. In this review, the role of MMPs in skeletal muscle function, muscle injury and repair, skeletal muscle inflammation, and muscular dystrophy and future approaches for MMP-based therapies in musculoskeletal disorders are discussed at the cellular and molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
| | - Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Azhar Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.); Tel.: +91-017-9235-0000 (L.K.)
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2
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Maiese A, Manetti AC, Iacoponi N, Mezzetti E, Turillazzi E, Di Paolo M, La Russa R, Frati P, Fineschi V. State-of-the-Art on Wound Vitality Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6881. [PMID: 35805886 PMCID: PMC9266385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitality demonstration refers to determining if an injury has been caused ante- or post-mortem, while wound age means to evaluate how long a subject has survived after the infliction of an injury. Histology alone is not enough to prove the vitality of a lesion. Recently, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology have been introduced in the field of lesions vitality and age demonstration. The study was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) protocol. The search terms were "wound", "lesion", "vitality", "evaluation", "immunohistochemistry", "proteins", "electrolytes", "mRNAs", and "miRNAs" in the title, abstract, and keywords. This evaluation left 137 scientific papers. This review aimed to collect all the knowledge on vital wound demonstration and provide a temporal distribution of the methods currently available, in order to determine the age of lesions, thus helping forensic pathologists in finding a way through the tangled jungle of wound vitality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Naomi Iacoponi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Eleonora Mezzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.C.M.); (N.I.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Wu S, Song L, Yu M, Gong C, Chen L. Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinases Protects Evoked Electromyography Amplitudes and Muscle Tension in the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in a Rat Model of Facial Nerve Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:816-824. [PMID: 35656867 PMCID: PMC9487608 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial nerve injury results in degradation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and blocks neurotransmission between the pre- and postsynaptic structures, which are separated by a synaptic cleft. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that degrade and modify the extracellular matrix, play critical roles in regulating NMJ remodeling. We previously demonstrated that MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, and MMP9 are overexpressed in facial nerve-innervated orbicularis oris muscle after facial nerve injury in a rat model. In the present study, the MMP inhibitor prinomastat was administered to rats after facial nerve injury. The MMP levels, agrin expression, and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) phosphorylation were evaluated. Variations in evoked electromyography (EEMG) amplitude were also recorded. Compared with the control group, MMP expression in the orbicularis oris after facial nerve injury was significantly reduced in the prinomastat group. Inhibition of MMP expression maintained agrin expression and MuSK phosphorylation; the NMJ morphology was also protected after the injury. Moreover, prinomastat treatment sustained EEMG amplitude and muscle tension after the injury. These findings indicate that inhibiting MMPs can protect the function and morphology of the NMJ and demonstrate the need for protection of the NMJ at early stages after facial nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Gutiérrez J, Gonzalez D, Escalona-Rivano R, Takahashi C, Brandan E. Reduced RECK levels accelerate skeletal muscle differentiation, improve muscle regeneration, and decrease fibrosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21503. [PMID: 33811686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001646rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The muscle regeneration process requires a properly assembled extracellular matrix (ECM). Its homeostasis depends on the activity of different matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). The reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) is a membrane-anchored protein that negatively regulates the activity of different MMPs. However, the role of RECK in the process of skeletal muscle differentiation, regeneration, and fibrosis has not been elucidated. Here, we show that during skeletal muscle differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and in satellite cells on isolated muscle fibers, RECK is transiently up regulated. C2C12 myoblasts with reduced RECK levels are more prone to enter the differentiation program, showing an accelerated differentiation process. Notch-1 signaling was reduced, while p38 and AKT signaling were augmented in myoblasts with decreased RECK levels. Overexpression of RECK restores the normal differentiation process but diminished the ability to form myotubes. Transient up-regulation of RECK occurs during skeletal muscle regeneration, which was accelerated in RECK-deficient mice (Reck±). RECK, MMPs and ECM proteins augmented in chronically damaged WT muscle, a model of muscle fibrosis. In this model, RECK ± mice showed diminished fibrosis compared to WT. These results strongly suggest that RECK is acting as a potential myogenic repressor during muscle formation and regeneration, emerging as a new player in these processes, and as a potential target to treat individuals with the muscle-wasting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Gonzalez
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Escalona-Rivano
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Scrimgeour AG, Carrigan CT, Condlin ML, Urso ML, van den Berg RM, van Helden HP, Montain SJ, Joosen MJ. Dietary Zinc Modulates Matrix Metalloproteinases in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2495-2506. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angus G. Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher T. Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle L. Condlin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Maria L. Urso
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Scott J. Montain
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts
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Alameddine HS, Morgan JE. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Inflammation and Fibrosis of Skeletal Muscles. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:455-473. [PMID: 27911334 PMCID: PMC5240616 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, levels and activity of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinases (TIMPs) have been involved in myoblast migration, fusion and various physiological and pathological remodeling situations including neuromuscular diseases. This has opened perspectives for the use of MMPs' overexpression to improve the efficiency of cell therapy in muscular dystrophies and resolve fibrosis. Alternatively, inhibition of individual MMPs in animal models of muscular dystrophies has provided evidence of beneficial, dual or adverse effects on muscle morphology or function. We review here the role played by MMPs/TIMPs in skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis, two major hurdles that limit the success of cell and gene therapy. We report and analyze the consequences of genetic or pharmacological modulation of MMP levels on the inflammation of skeletal muscles and their repair in light of experimental findings. We further discuss how the interplay between MMPs/TIMPs levels, cytokines/chemokines, growth factors and permanent low-grade inflammation favor cellular and molecular modifications resulting in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Alameddine
- Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jennifer E Morgan
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
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Martinez-Huenchullan S, McLennan SV, Verhoeven A, Twigg SM, Tam CS. The emerging role of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and exercise. Obes Rev 2017; 18:776-790. [PMID: 28474421 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling has been proposed as a new feature associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise training improves muscle function in obesity, which may be mediated by regulatory effects on the muscle extracellular matrix. This review examined available literature on skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling during obesity and the effects of exercise. A non-systematic literature review was performed on PubMed of publications from 1970 to 2015. A total of 37 studies from humans and animals were retained. Studies reported overall increases in gene and protein expression of different types of collagen, growth factors and enzymatic regulators of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix in obesity. Only two studies investigated the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle extracellular matrix during obesity, with both suggesting a regulatory effect of exercise. The effects of exercise on muscle extracellular matrix seem to be influenced by the duration and type of exercise training with variable effects from a single session compared with a longer duration of exercise. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling during obesity and the effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez-Huenchullan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S V McLennan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Verhoeven
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S M Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C S Tam
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Abstract
Notch3 and TGF-β1 signaling play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic cardiovascular disease. However, whether Notch3 protects against myocardial infarction (MI) and the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. C57BL/6 mice were randomized to be treated with Notch3 siRNA (siNotch3) or lentivirus carrying Notch3 cDNA (Notch3) before coronary artery ligation. Four weeks after constructing MI model, cardiac function and fibrosis were compared between groups. The cardiac fibroblast cells (CFs) were isolated from newborn C57BL/6 mice (1-3 days old) and transfected with lentivirus carrying Notch3 cDNA. TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml), a well-known pro-fibrotic factor, was administered 72 h after Notch3 cDNA administration in CFs. The related proteins of fibrosis such as a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), Type I collagen, metalloprotease (MMP)-9 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 were examined by western blot analysis. Notch3 cDNA treatment attenuated cardiac damage and inhibited fibrosis in mice with MI. Meanwhile, Notch3 siRNA administration aggravated cardiac function damage and markedly enhanced cardiac fibrosis in mice with MI. Overexpression of Notch3 inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition of mouse cardiac fibroblast cells, as evidenced by down-regulating a-SMA and Type I collagen expression. Notch3 cDNA treatment also increased MMP-9 expression and decreased TIMP-2 expression in the TGF-β1-stimulated cells. This study indicates that Notch3 is an important protective factor for cardiac fibrosis in a MI model, and the protective effect of Notch3 is attributable to its action on TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling.
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9
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Matheny RW, Carrigan CT, Abdalla MN, Geddis AV, Leandry LA, Aguilar CA, Hobbs SS, Urso ML. RNA transcript expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components in regenerating skeletal muscle is sensitive to initial injury intensity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 32:14-21. [PMID: 27647425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the coordinated input from multiple stimuli. Of these processes, actions of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are vital; however, whether IGF-I or PI3K expression is modified during regeneration relative to initial damage intensity is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether mRNA expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components was differentially regulated during muscle regeneration in mice in response to traumatic injury induced by freezing of two different durations. DESIGN Traumatic injury was imposed by applying a 6-mm diameter cylindrical steel probe, cooled to the temperature of dry ice (-79°C), to the belly of the left tibialis anterior muscle of 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice for either 5s (5s) or 10s (10s). The right leg served as the uninjured control. RNA was obtained from injured and control muscles following 3, 7, and 21days recovery and examined by real-time PCR. Expression of transcripts within the IGF, PI3K, and Akt families, as well as for myogenic regulatory factors and micro-RNAs were studied. RESULTS Three days following injury, there was significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r1, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in response to either 5s or 10s injury compared to uninjured control muscle. There was a significantly greater expression of Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in 10s injured muscle compared to 5s injured muscle. Seven days following injury, we observed significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Pik3cd, and Pik3cg in injured muscle compared to control muscle in response to 10s freeze injury. We also observed significantly reduced expression of Igf1r and miR-133a in response to 5s freeze injury compared to control muscle, and significantly reduced expression of Ckm, miR-1 and miR-133a in response to 10s freeze injury as compared to control. Twenty-one days following injury, 5s freeze-injured muscle exhibited significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cg, Akt3, Myod1, Myog, Myf5, and miR-206 compared to control muscle, while 10s freeze-injured muscles showed significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3r5, Akt1, Akt3, and Myog compared to control. Expression of miR-1 was significantly reduced in 10s freeze-injured muscle compared to control muscle at this time. There were no significant differences in RNA expression between 5s and 10s injury at either 7d or 21d recovery in any transcript examined. CONCLUSIONS During early skeletal muscle regeneration in mice, transcript expressions for some components of the IGF-I/PI3K pathway are sensitive to initial injury intensity induced by freeze damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Mary N Abdalla
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Alyssa V Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Luis A Leandry
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - Stuart S Hobbs
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Maria L Urso
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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Kim J, Lee J. Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase responses to muscle damage after eccentric exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:260-5. [PMID: 27656621 PMCID: PMC5031380 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632640.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity eccentric exercise is known to induce muscle damage leading to inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. These degradation processes involve enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs are calcium and zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that play a role in ECM degradation and recruitment of inflammatory and myogenic cells into the damaged site. In contrast, TIMPs inhibit MMP-induced ECM degradation to maintain normal homeostasis in ECM. Recently, several studies have examined the process of muscle remodeling and the roles of ECM, MMPs, and TIMPs in exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the results of these studies are not inconsistent. In the present mini-review, we will discuss the responses of MMP and TIMP to eccentric exercise based on the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kim
- Sport, Health, and Rehabilitation Major, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Sport, Health, and Rehabilitation Major, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Yu TS, Li Z, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Guan DW. Time-dependent Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 after Rats Skeletal Muscle Contusion and Their Application to Determine Wound Age. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:527-533. [PMID: 27404628 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ability to determine vitality and estimate the survival period after a wound is critical in routine forensic practice. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were examined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR to determine the age of a wound. Furthermore, the colocalization of them with Macrophage Marker, respectively, was detected by double immunofluorescence, and a standardized rat model of skeletal muscle contusion was established. In the antemortem contused groups, a large number of macrophages showed positive staining for MMP-2 and TIMP-2, and the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA increased sharply at 3 days postinjury, with relative quantities of 5.75 and 2.98. No samples in the other groups showed relative quantities of >5.75 and 2.98; therefore, relative quantities exceeding 5.75 and 2.98 were strongly indicated 3 days after contusion. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the relative quantity in the postmortem contused groups, indicating that they were useful for diagnosing vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shui Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Regional Anatomy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Da-Wei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110001, China
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12
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Snyman C, Niesler CU. MMP-14 in skeletal muscle repair. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:215-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle repair: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 93:1073-85. [PMID: 25122099 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A review of the literature was performed to demonstrate the most current applicability of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries, addressing different lasers, irradiation parameters, and treatment results in animal models. Searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPIE Digital Library databases for studies published from January 2006 to August 2013 on the use of LLLT for the repair of skeletal muscle in any animal model. All selected articles were critically appraised by two independent raters. Seventeen of the 36 original articles on LLLT and muscle injuries met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. The main effects of LLLT were a reduction in the inflammatory process, the modulation of growth factors and myogenic regulatory factors, and increased angiogenesis. The studies analyzed demonstrate the positive effects of LLLT on the muscle repair process, which are dependent on irradiation and treatment parameters. The findings suggest that LLLT is an excellent therapeutic resource for the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries in the short-term.
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14
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Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Muscle-bone interactions: basic and clinical aspects. Endocrine 2014; 45:165-77. [PMID: 23990248 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscle and bone are anatomically and functionally closely connected. The traditional concept that skeletal muscles serve to load bone and transform skeletal segments into a system of levers has been further refined into the mechanostat theory, according to which striated muscle is essential for bone development and maintenance, modelling and remodelling. Besides biomechanical function, skeletal muscle and bone are endocrine organs able to secrete factors capable of modulating biological function within their microenvironment, in nearby tissues or in distant organs. The endocrine properties of muscle and bone may serve to sense and transduce biomechanical signals such as loading, unloading or exercise, or systemic hormonal stimuli into biochemical signals. Nonetheless, given the close anatomical relationship between skeletal muscle and bone, paracrine interactions particularly at the periosteal interface can be hypothesized. These mechanisms can assume particular importance during bone and muscle healing after musculoskeletal injury. Basic studies in vitro and in rodents have helped to dissect the multiple influences of skeletal muscle on bone and/or expression of inside-organ metabolism and have served to explain clinical observations linking muscle-to-bone quality. Recent evidences pinpoint that also bone tissue is able to modulate directly or indirectly skeletal muscle metabolism, thus empowering the crosstalk hypothesis to be further tested in humans in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Cianferotti
- Unit of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Modulating effect of low level-laser therapy on fibrosis in the repair process of the tibialis anterior muscle in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:813-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sassoli C, Chellini F, Pini A, Tani A, Nistri S, Nosi D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Bani D, Formigli L. Relaxin prevents cardiac fibroblast-myofibroblast transition via notch-1-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63896. [PMID: 23704950 PMCID: PMC3660557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone relaxin (RLX) is produced by the heart and has beneficial actions on the cardiovascular system. We previously demonstrated that RLX stimulates mouse neonatal cardiomyocyte growth, suggesting its involvement in endogenous mechanisms of myocardial histogenesis and regeneration. In the present study, we extended the experimentation by evaluating the effects of RLX on primary cultures of neonatal cardiac stromal cells. RLX inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, as judged by its ability to down-regulate α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen expression. We also found that the hormone up-regulated metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression and downregulated the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 in TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Interestingly, the effects of RLX on cardiac fibroblasts involved the activation of Notch-1 pathway. Indeed, Notch-1 expression was significantly decreased in TGF-β1-stimulatedfibroblasts as compared to the unstimulated controls; this reduction was prevented by the addition of RLX to TGF-β1-stimulated cells. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of endogenous Notch-1 signaling by N-3,5-difluorophenyl acetyl-L-alanyl-2-phenylglycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase specific inhibitor, as well as the silencing of Notch-1 ligand, Jagged-1, potentiated TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and abrogated the inhibitory effects of RLX. Interestingly, RLX and Notch-1 exerted their inhibitory effects by interfering with TGF-β1 signaling, since the addition of RLX to TGF-β1-stimulated cells caused a significant decrease in Smad3 phosphorylation, a typical downstream event of TGF-β1 receptor activation, while the treatment with a prevented this effect. These data suggest that Notch signaling can down-regulate TGF-β1/Smad3-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and that RLX could exert its well known anti-fibrotic action through the up-regulation of this pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study beside supporting the role of RLX in the field of cardiac fibrosis, provide novel experimental evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Formigli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Alameddine HS. Matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscles: Friends or foes? Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:508-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Szelenyi ER, Urso ML. Time-course analysis of injured skeletal muscle suggests a critical involvement of ERK1/2 signaling in the acute inflammatory response. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:552-61. [PMID: 22431089 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coupling and timing of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes in skeletal muscle injury is poorly understood. We investigated the temporal response and regulated processes of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38, and IkappaB kinase (IKK) α/β signaling pathways after traumatic injury. METHODS Traumatic freeze injury was delivered to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in C57BL/6J mice, and injured and uninjured TA muscles were analyzed 3-72 h into the recovery period. RESULTS Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription accompanied IKKβ phosphorylation, robust ERK pathway activation, and reduced heat shock protein (Hsp) protein expression at 3-24 h. At 24 h, ERK activation was abolished concomitantly with a significant increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). After 24 h, cytokine transcription along with ERK1/2 and IKKβ phosphorylation remained suppressed, whereas Hsp protein expression rose to significant levels by 72 h and associated with IKKβ. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a bimodal regulation of ERK1/2 in acute inflammation in which it is supportive from 3 to 24 h, and suppressive from 24 to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Szelenyi
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 42 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, USA
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Hamrick MW. The skeletal muscle secretome: an emerging player in muscle-bone crosstalk. BONEKEY REPORTS 2012; 1:60. [PMID: 23951457 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2012.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that a variety of growth factors and cytokines are actively secreted by muscle tissue. Muscle can therefore function as an endocrine and paracrine organ. These peptides characterize the muscle secretome, and many muscle-derived factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-15, myostatin and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (osteonectin) are also known to have significant effects on bone metabolism. The factors secreted by muscle may vary according to muscle activity, in that muscle contraction, muscle atrophy or traumatic muscle injury can alter the type and relative abundance of particular factors released from muscle cells. The molecular and cellular pathways by which muscle-derived factors affect different types of bone cells (for example, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes) are, however, poorly understood. Nevertheless, these findings further underscore the complex nature of muscle-bone interactions, and highlight the importance of integrating muscle biology and physiology into our understanding of bone growth, development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Health Sciences University , Augusta, GA, USA
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Urso ML, Wang R, Zambraski EJ, Liang BT. Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation reduces muscle injury following physical trauma and is associated with alterations in the MMP/TIMP response. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:658-70. [PMID: 22114177 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00809.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that in response to traumatic injury in skeletal muscle, there is a dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), a response hypothesized to interfere with proper skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, we have shown that pharmacological activation of the adenosine A(3) receptor by Cl-IBMECA in skeletal muscle can protect against ischemia-reperfusion and eccentric exercise injury. However, the mechanism by which Cl-IBMECA protects muscle tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated the effects of Cl-IBMECA on MMP/TIMP expression in skeletal muscle and tested the hypothesis that adenosine A(3) receptor-stimulated protection of skeletal muscle following traumatic injury is associated with a blunting of MMPs involved in inflammatory processes and collagen degradation, and an increase in MMPs associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were injected with Cl-IBMECA (n = 30) or a vehicle (n = 30), and Evans blue dye. Injury was induced by applying a cold steel probe (-79°C) to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 10 s. TA muscles from uninjured and injured legs were collected 3, 10, and 24 h postinjury for analysis of muscle injury and MMP/TIMP mRNA and protein levels. Twenty-four hours postinjury, 56.8% of the fibers were damaged in vehicle-treated mice vs. 35.4% in Cl-IBMECA-treated mice (P = 0.02). Cl-IBMECA treatment reduced membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression 2- to 20-fold compared with vehicle-treated mice (P < 0.05). Cl-IBMECA decreased protein levels of latent/shed MT1-MMP 23-2,000%, respectively, 3-10 h postinjury. In Cl-IBMECA-treated mice, latent MMP-2 was decreased 20% 3 h postinjury, active MMP-3 was decreased 64% 3 h postinjury, and latent/active MMP-9 was decreased 417,631% 3 h postinjury and 20% 10 h postinjury. Protein levels of active MMP-2 and latent MMP-3 were increased 25% and 74% 3 h postinjury, respectively. The present study elucidates a new protective role of adenosine A(3) receptor stimulation in posttraumatic skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Urso
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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Mehan RS, Greybeck BJ, Emmons K, Byrnes WC, Allen DL. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency results in decreased fiber cross-sectional area and alters fiber type distribution in mouse hindlimb skeletal muscle. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 194:510-20. [PMID: 21389674 DOI: 10.1159/000323654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of skeletal muscle, and the inducible gelatinase MMP-9 in particular appears to be critical for the remodeling of muscle ECM during growth and repair. Here we determined the effects of MMP-9 gene inactivation on fiber type and size in the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GAST), and soleus (SOL) muscles in female mice. In the TA, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb-expressing fibers was significantly smaller in MMP-9 null mice while in the GAST, CSA of all three fast fiber types was decreased. In the SOL, MyHC type I-expressing fibers were significantly smaller in the MMP-9 null mice. The percentage of MyHC type IIb-expressing fibers was significantly increased in the TA and GAST of MMP-9 null mice, while the percentage of MyHC IId-expressing fibers significantly decreased in the GAST of MMP-9 null mice. Fiber percentages in the SOL were not significantly different between the two lines. Despite these changes in fiber size and type, in vivo hindlimb force production was not changed in MMP-9 null mice. Meanwhile, neither expression of the constitutive gelatinase MMP-2 nor immunohistochemical staining for type IV collagen was significantly altered by MMP-9 inactivation in any muscles examined. The present study demonstrates that MMP-9 inactivation results in changes in fiber size and type in adult mouse hindlimb muscles that may depend on indirect mechanisms involving reduced bone growth or nerve changes in response to MMP-9 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Mehan
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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