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Arai N, Kajihara R, Takasaka M, Amari K, Kuneshita N, Maejima D, Watanabe-Asaka T, Hayashi M, Yokoyama Y, Kaidoh M, Kawai Y, Ohhashi T. Cell surface ATP synthase-released H + and ATP play key roles in cocoa butter intake-mediated regulation of gut immunity through releases of cytokines in rat. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:945-960. [PMID: 37261509 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Proper food intake is important for maintaining good health in humans. Chocolate is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cocoa butter intake on gut immunity in rats and rabbits. Cocoa butter intake increased the lymph flow, cell density, and IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in mesenteric lymph. Clodronate, a macrophage depletion compound, significantly enhanced the release of all cytokines. The immunoreactivities of macrophage markers CD68 and F4/80 in the jejunal villi were significantly decreased with clodronate. Piceatannol, a selective cell surface ATP synthase inhibitor significantly reduced the cocoa butter intake-mediated releases of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. The immunoreactivities of cell surface ATP synthase were observed in rat jejunal villi. Shear stress stimulation on the myofibroblast cells isolated from rat jejunum released ATP and carbon dioxide depended with H+ release. In rabbit in vivo experiments, cocoa butter intake increased the concentrations of ATP and H+ in the portal vein. The in vitro experiments with isolated cells of rat jejunal lamina propria the pH of 3.0 and 5.0 in the medium released significantly IL-1β and IL-6. ATP selectively released IL-10. These findings suggest that cocoa butter intake regulates the gut immunity through the release and transport of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 into mesenteric lymph vessels in a negative feedback system. In addition, the H+ and ATP released from cell surface ATP synthase in jejunal villi play key roles in the cocoa butter intake-mediated regulation of gut immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Arai
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Kajihara
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mieko Takasaka
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kei Amari
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Norika Kuneshita
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maejima
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moyuru Hayashi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yokoyama
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Maki Kaidoh
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
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Ohhashi T, Kawai Y, Hayashi M, Watanabe-Asaka T. Estimation of the Lymph Flow Through Thoracic Duct in Human Subjects Using the Urine Osmolarity: Applicable for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Manual Lymph Drainage. Lymphat Res Biol 2021; 20:282-289. [PMID: 34724800 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are many methods to evaluate the effectiveness of manual lymph drainage in the treatment of lymphedema, that is, limb volume measurement, bio-electrical impedance measurement, computer tomography, and ultrasound imaging. However, it is difficult for these methods to accurately address the lymph flow generated by manual lymph drainage. Therefore, we aimed at developing a concise and accurate method to measure the lymph flow through the thoracic duct in human subjects, which is applicable for evaluating the effectiveness of manual lymph drainage. In the present mini-review, we demonstrate the developed method in detail and its scientific evidence for the effectiveness obtained with animal and human clinical experiments. In rat in vivo experiments, intragastric administration of distilled water significantly increased mesenteric flow, which was transported via the cisterna chyli and then the thoracic duct. The manual massage on the cisterna chyli in the anesthetized rabbit significantly accelerated the lymph flow through the thoracic duct, resulting in marked hemodilution. Abdominal respiration in the supine position in human subjects produced similar hemodilution, with a marked decrease in the concentration of vasopressin in the blood. On this basis, we developed a new method to accurately measure the lymph flow through the thoracic duct by using changes in the concentration of vasopressin in the blood. In addition, with changes in urine osmolarity depending on the concentration of vasopressin in the blood, we developed a more concise and noninvasive method for evaluating the lymph flow through the thoracic duct in human subjects. These methods may be applicable for evaluating the effectiveness for the manual lymph drainage in the patients with lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moyuru Hayashi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Jang Y, Kim D, Lee H, Jang H, Park S, Kim GE, Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Kim H. Development of an ultrasound triggered nanomedicine-microbubble complex for chemo-photodynamic-gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 27:102194. [PMID: 32278102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, combination therapy has received much attention because of its highly therapeutic effect in various types of cancers. In particular, chemo-photodynamic combination therapy has been considered as an outstanding strategy. However, an abnormal increase in tumor angiogenesis caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported. In this study, the complex of doxorubicin (DOX)-encapsulating anti-angiogenic small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticle and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-encapsulating microbubble has been developed to suppress tumor angiogenesis. The first compartment, doxorubicin-encapsulating siRNA nanoparticle, was electrostatically coated using two biocompatible polymers to prevent the damage of genetic materials. The other part, Ce6-encapsulating microbubble, serves as an ultrasound-triggered local delivery system as well as a drug carrier. Both the in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrate successful inhibition of angiogenesis with a minimized damage of siRNAs caused by ROS as well as improved therapeutic effect by chemo-photodynamic-gene triple combination therapy using ultrasound-triggered local delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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5
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Naidoo K. A simple human co-culture model of lymphatic invasion. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:266-269. [PMID: 27856679 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
True lymphovascular invasion in most carcinomas adversely affects survival, but in vitro human models of lymphatic invasion are lacking. Herein is discussed one such model in which certain mechanistic aspects of lymphatic dissemination can be investigated easily in any laboratory. S100P expression is known to be significantly upregulated in the lymph node metastases of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Thus, an S100P overexpressing cell line (S5L) and a vector control (V3L) pancreatic cancer cell lines were used to develop a co-culture model with human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Adhesion, the effect of cancer cells on lymphatic permeability and trans-lymphatic endothelial migration could be reproducibly quantified in this model and parametric statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the two cancer cell lines in these functional assays. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that this simple model can be used to assess lymphatic invasion in a human cancer context in real-time in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalnisha Naidoo
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Fink DM, Steele MM, Hollingsworth MA. The lymphatic system and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 381:217-36. [PMID: 26742462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology, pathology and clinical understanding of lymphatic invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. We discuss the clinical and biological consequences of lymphatic invasion and metastasis, including paraneoplastic effects on immune responses and consider the possible benefit of therapies to treat tumors that are localized to lymphatics. A review of current techniques and methods to study interactions between tumors and lymphatics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci M Fink
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
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Kawai Y, Ajima K, Kaidoh M, Sakaguchi M, Tanaka S, Kawamata M, Kimura H, Ohhashi T. In vivo support for the new concept of pulmonary blood flow-mediated CO2 gas excretion in the lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1224-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00205.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To further examine the validity of the proposed concept of pulmonary blood flow-dependent CO2 gas excretion in the lungs, we investigated the effects of intramediastinal balloon catheterization-, pulmonary artery catheterization-, or isoprenaline (ISP)-induced changes in pulmonary blood flow on the end-expiratory CO2 gas pressure (PeCO2), the maximal velocity of the pulmonary artery (Max Vp), systemic arterial pressure, and heart rate of anesthetized rabbits. We also evaluated the changes in the PeCO2 in clinical models of anemia or pulmonary embolism. An almost linear relationship was detected between the PeCO2 and Max Vp. In an experiment in which small pulmonary arteries were subjected to stenosis, the PeCO2 fell rapidly, and the speed of the reduction was dependent on the degree of stenosis. ISP produced significant increases in the PeCO2 of the anesthetized rabbits. Conversely, treatment with piceatannol or acetazolamide induced significant reductions in the PeCO2. Treatment with a cell surface F1/FO ATP synthase antibody caused significant reductions in the PeCO2 itself and the ISP-induced increase in the PeCO2. Neither the PeCO2 nor SAP was significantly influenced by marked anemia [%hematocrit (Ht), 70∼47%]. On the other hand, in the presence of less severe anemia (%Ht: 100∼70%) both the PeCO2 and SAP fell significantly when the rabbits' blood viscosity was decreased. The rabbits in which pulmonary embolisms were induced demonstrated significantly reduced PeCO2 values, which was compatible with the lowering of their Max Vp. In conclusion, we reaffirm the validity of the proposed concept of CO2 gas exchange in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ajima
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Maki Kaidoh
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masao Sakaguchi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Mikito Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | | | - Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Ohhashi T, Kawai Y. Proposed new lymphology combined with lymphatic physiology, innate immunology, and oncology. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:51-66. [PMID: 25376927 PMCID: PMC10718024 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the lymphatic functions, it is well known that the transport and drainage of hydrophilic substances including plasma protein through the lymphatic system play pivotal roles in maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment between the cells in tissues in collaboration with the exchange of the substances through the blood capillaries and venules. The physiological functions of the lymphatic system have been studied by many investigations of microcirculation, i.e., Yoffey and Courtice, Ruszunyak et al., Földie and Casley-Smigh et al., Roddie, Schmid-Schönbein et al., and Ohhashi et al. On the other hand, it is also well known that the initial clinical signs of primary diseases such as inflammation, tumors, and circulatory disorders including infarction and thrombosis appear as functional abnormalities of the internal environment in tissues. These abnormalities of the functions are strongly related to immunological defense reactions around the internal environment and abnormal actions of the transport and drainage of the lymphatic system. Taking into consideration the current inspired findings in lymphatic physiology, innate immunology, and oncology, we have proposed a new lymphology combined with new knowledge of the three above-mentioned academic fields from a defense mechanism points of view. In this review, we would like to demonstrate comprehensively our latest studies related to the possibility of establishing a new lymphology, hoping the readers will evaluate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Innovation of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan,
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Kawai Y, Kaidoh M, Yokoyama Y, Ohhashi T. Pivotal Roles of Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Layers in the Permeability to Hydrophilic Substances through Collecting Lymph Vessel Walls: Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 12:124-35. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2014.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto. Japan
| | - Maki Kaidoh
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto. Japan
| | - Yumiko Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto. Japan
| | - Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto. Japan
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10
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Burnstock G, Di Virgilio F. Purinergic signalling and cancer. Purinergic Signal 2014; 9:491-540. [PMID: 23797685 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for extracellular nucleotides are widely expressed by mammalian cells. They mediate a large array of responses ranging from growth stimulation to apoptosis, from chemotaxis to cell differentiation and from nociception to cytokine release, as well as neurotransmission. Pharma industry is involved in the development and clinical testing of drugs selectively targeting the different P1 nucleoside and P2 nucleotide receptor subtypes. As described in detail in the present review, P2 receptors are expressed by all tumours, in some cases to a very high level. Activation or inhibition of selected P2 receptor subtypes brings about cancer cell death or growth inhibition. The field has been largely neglected by current research in oncology, yet the evidence presented in this review, most of which is based on in vitro studies, although with a limited amount from in vivo experiments and human studies, warrants further efforts to explore the therapeutic potential of purinoceptor targeting in cancer.
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Jin H, Eun SY, Lee JS, Park SW, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. P2Y2 receptor activation by nucleotides released from highly metastatic breast cancer cells increases tumor growth and invasion via crosstalk with endothelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R77. [PMID: 25156554 PMCID: PMC4406012 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular nucleotides are released and detectable in a high concentration within the tumor microenvironment. G protein-coupled P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) is activated equipotently by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), which mediate proinflammatory responses such as cell migration and proliferation. However, the role of P2Y2R in the process of cancer metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of P2Y2R in the proliferation, migration and invasion of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through crosstalk with endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS ATP release and P2Y2R activity between high metastatic breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and low metastatic breast cancer cell MCF-7 were compared. Then, the role of P2Y2R on tumor growth and invasion via crosstalk with ECs was examined in vitro, using MDA-MB-231 cells and ECs transfected with control- or P2Y2R-siRNA, and in vivo, using an animal model injected with control-shRNA- or P2Y2R-shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS We found that this highly metastatic breast cancer cell line released higher levels of ATP and showed a higher P2Y2R activity in comparison to a low metastatic breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. In MDA-MB-231 cells, P2Y2R activation by ATP or UTP increased proliferation at 24 or 72 hours, which was abolished by P2Y2R knock-down. In addition, the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to ECs and cell migration were both significantly increased by ATP or UTP through the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in MDA-MB-231 or ECs but not in cells where P2Y2R was knocked down. Furthermore, ATP- or UTP-mediated activation of P2Y2R induced MDA-MB-231 invasion through ECs, increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in MDA-MB-231 and induced the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in ECs. Tumor growth and metastasis to other tissues were dramatically reduced, and body weight was increased in mice injected with P2Y2R-shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells compared to mice injected with control shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION This study suggests that P2Y2R may play an important role in cancer metastasis via modulation of the crosstalk between cancer cells and ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
| | - So Young Eun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-751, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
| | - Jae Heun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
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Mai J, Huang Y, Mu C, Zhang G, Xu R, Guo X, Xia X, Volk DE, Lokesh GL, Thiviyanathan V, Gorenstein DG, Liu X, Ferrari M, Shen H. Bone marrow endothelium-targeted therapeutics for metastatic breast cancer. J Control Release 2014; 187:22-9. [PMID: 24818768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of cancer metastasis to the bone relies on bone marrow drug accumulation. The surface proteins in the bone marrow vascular endothelium provide docking sites for targeted drug delivery. We have developed a thioaptamer that specifically binds to E-selectin that is overexpressed in the vasculature of tumor and inflammatory tissues. In this study, we tested targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA loaded in the E-selectin thioaptamer-conjugated multistage vector (ESTA-MSV) drug carrier to bone marrow for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. We evaluated tumor type- and tumor growth stage-dependent targeting in mice bearing metastatic breast cancer in the bone, and carried out studies to identify factors that determine targeting efficiency. In a subsequent study, we delivered siRNA to knock down expression of the human STAT3 gene in murine xenograft models of human MDA-MB-231 breast tumor, and assessed therapeutic efficacy. Our studies revealed that the CD31(+)E-selectin(+) population accounted for 20.8%, 26.4% and 29.9% of total endothelial cells respectively inside the femur of mice bearing early, middle and late stage metastatic MDA-MB-231 tumors. In comparison, the double positive cells remained at a basal level in mice with early stage MCF-7 tumors, and jumped to 23.9% and 28.2% when tumor growth progressed to middle and late stages. Accumulation of ESTA-MSV inside the bone marrow correlated with the E-selectin expression pattern. There was up to 5-fold enrichment of the targeted MSV in the bone marrow of mice bearing early or late stage MDA-MB-231 tumors and of mice with late stage, but not early stage, MCF-7 tumors. Targeted delivery of STAT3 siRNA in ESTA-MSV resulted in knockdown of STAT3 expression in 48.7% of cancer cells inside the bone marrow. Weekly systemic administration of ESTA-MSV/STAT3 siRNA significantly extended survival of mice with MDA-MB-231 bone metastasis. In conclusion, targeting the overexpressed E-selectin provides an effective approach for tissue-specific drug delivery to the bone marrow. Tumor growth in the bone can be effectively inhibited by blockage of the STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - David E Volk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh L Lokesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - David G Gorenstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Hermann Pressler, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA.
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA.
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IL-8 and global gene expression analysis define a key role of ATP in renal epithelial cell responses induced by uropathogenic bacteria. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:499-508. [PMID: 24817659 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent recognition of receptor-mediated ATP signalling as a pathway of epithelial pro-inflammatory cytokine release challenges the ubiquitous role of the TLR4 pathway during urinary tract infection. The aim of this study was to compare cellular responses of renal epithelial cells infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain IA2 to stimulation with ATP-γ-S. A498 cells were infected or stimulated in the presence or absence of apyrase, that degrades extracellular ATP, or after siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATP-responding P2Y2 receptors. Cellular IL-8 release and global gene expression were analysed. Both IA2 and A498 cells per se released ATP, which increased during infection. IA2 and ATP-γ-S caused a ∼5-fold increase in cellular release of IL-8 and stimulations performed in the presence of apyrase or after siRNA knockdown of P2Y2 receptors resulted in attenuation of IA2-mediated IL-8 release. Microarray results show that both IA2 and ATP-γ-S induced marked changes in gene expression of renal cells. Thirty-six genes were in common between both stimuli, and many of these are key genes belonging to classical response pathways of bacterial infection. Functional analysis shows that 88 biological function-annotated cellular pathways were identical between IA2 and ATP-γ-S stimuli. Results show that UPEC-induced release of IL-8 is dependent on P2Y2 signalling and that cellular responses elicited by UPEC and ATP-γ-S have many identical features. This indicates that renal epithelial responses elicited by bacteria could be mediated by bacteria- or host-derived ATP, thus defining a key role of ATP during infection.
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Lipid-polymer nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin for modulating the vascular deposition of breast cancer cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:991-1002. [PMID: 24566270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular adhesion and endothelial transmigration are critical steps in the establishment of distant metastasis by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Also, vascular inflammation plays a pivotal role in steering CTCs out of the blood stream. Here, long circulating lipid-polymer nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin (NANOCurc) are proposed for modulating the vascular deposition of CTCs. Upon treatment with NANOCurc, the adhesion propensity of highly metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) onto TNF-α stimulated endothelial cells (HUVECs) reduces by ~70%, in a capillary flow. Remarkably, the CTCs vascular deposition already reduces up to ~50% by treating solely the inflamed HUVECs. The CTCs arrest is mediated by the interaction between ICAM-1 on HUVECs and MUC-1 on cancer cells, and moderate doses of curcumin down-regulate the expression of both molecules. This suggests that NANOCurc could prevent metastasis and limit the progression of the disease by modulating vascular inflammation and impairing the CTCs arrest. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this novel study, lipid nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin were able to prevent metastasis formation and limited the progression of the disease by modulating vascular inflammation and impairing the circulating tumor cells' arrest as a result of down-regulation of ICAM1 and MUC1 in a highly metastatic breast cancer cell line model.
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15
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Farahani E, Patra HK, Jangamreddy JR, Rashedi I, Kawalec M, Rao Pariti RK, Batakis P, Wiechec E. Cell adhesion molecules and their relation to (cancer) cell stemness. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:747-59. [PMID: 24531939 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of search for anticancer drugs targeting solid tumors, this group of diseases remains largely incurable, especially if in advanced, metastatic stage. In this review, we draw comparison between reprogramming and carcinogenesis, as well as between stem cells (SCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), focusing on changing garniture of adhesion molecules. Furthermore, we elaborate on the role of adhesion molecules in the regulation of (cancer) SCs division (symmetric or asymmetric), and in evolving interactions between CSCs and extracellular matrix. Among other aspects, we analyze the role and changes of expression of key adhesion molecules as cancer progresses and metastases develop. Here, the role of cadherins, integrins, as well as selected transcription factors like Twist and Snail is highlighted, not only in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition but also in the avoidance of anoikis. Finally, we briefly discuss recent developments and new strategies targeting CSCs, which focus on adhesion molecules or targeting tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Farahani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN) and
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16
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A comparison of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and re-epithelialization. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:471-83. [PMID: 22863788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing and cancer metastasis share a common starting point, namely, a change in the phenotype of some cells from stationary to motile. The term, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the changes in molecular biology and cellular physiology that allow a cell to transition from a sedentary cell to a motile cell, a process that is relevant not only for cancer and regeneration, but also for normal development of multicellular organisms. The present review compares the similarities and differences in cellular response at the molecular level as tumor cells enter EMT or as keratinocytes begin the process of re-epithelialization of a wound. Looking toward clinical interventions that might modulate these processes, the mechanisms and outcomes of current and potential therapies are reviewed for both anti-cancer and pro-wound healing treatments related to the pathways that are central to EMT. Taken together, the comparison of re-epithelialization and tumor EMT serves as a starting point for the development of therapies that can selectively modulate different forms of EMT.
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17
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Kawai Y, Kaidoh M, Yokoyama Y, Ohhashi T. Pivotal roles of shear stress in the microenvironmental changes that occur within sentinel lymph nodes. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1245-52. [PMID: 22463128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first lymph node that receives drainage from a primary tumor. According to their physiological and biomechanical characteristics, we hypothesized that SLN contains lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) that are constantly loaded with high levels of shear stress, which might contribute to the production of a suitable environment for micrometastasis within them. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of shear stress stimulation on the expression of adhesion molecules on human LEC isolated from the lymph vessels nearest the SLN of breast cancers, and on the release of ATP from human LEC. The study clarified that the shear stress stimulation produced a significant increase of ICAM-1 expression at protein and mRNA levels in human LEC. Next, we examined whether the shear stress-mediated increase of ICAM-1 expression accelerates the attachment of carcinoma cells to human LEC. Finally, in in vivo experiments, we evaluated whether exogenous ATP facilitates the expression of carcinoma cell-ligated adhesion molecules in rat SLN. In conclusion, shear stress stimulation induces ICAM-1 expression on human LEC by activating cell surface F(1) /F(O) ATP synthase, which might contribute to the development of a premetastatic environment within SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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18
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Kawai Y, Yoshida K, Kaidoh M, Yokoyama Y, Ohhashi T. Shear stress-mediated F1/FO ATP synthase-dependent CO2 gas excretion from human pulmonary arteriolar endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2059-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Li C, Lu N, Qi Q, Li F, Ling Y, Chen Y, Qin Y, Li Z, Zhang H, You Q, Guo Q. Gambogic acid inhibits tumor cell adhesion by suppressing integrin β1 and membrane lipid rafts-associated integrin signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1873-83. [PMID: 21946083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays an important role in the steps of cancer metastasis. Regulation of cell-cell (intercellular) and cell-matrix adhesion is a promising strategy for cancer progression. Gambogic acid is a xanthone derived from the resin of the Chinese plant Garciania hanburyi, with potent anti-metastasis activity on highly metastatic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of gambogic acid on tumor adhesion. We found that gambogic acid strongly inhibited the adhesion of human cancer cells to fibronectin. This inhibition was associated with the deformation of focal adhesion complex, which was mediated by suppressing the expression of integrin β1 and integrin signaling pathway. In vitro, cell lipid rafts clustering was inhibited following treatment of gambogic acid, which induced the suppression of integrin β1 and focal adhesion complex proteins colocalization within rafts. Moreover, gambogic acid significantly decreased cellular cholesterol content, whereas cholesterol replenishment lessened the inhibitory effect of gambogic acid on cell adhesion. Real-time PCR analysis showed that gambogic acid reduced mRNA levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, while increased acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1/2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gambogic acid inhibits cell adhesion via suppressing integrin β1 abundance and cholesterol content as well as the membrane lipid raft-associated integrin function, which provide new evidence for the anti-cancer activity of gambogic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kawai Y, Ajima K, Nagai T, Kaidoh M, Ohhashi T. Real-time imaging of the lymphatic channels and sentinel lymph nodes of the stomach using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid in a porcine model. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:2073-81. [PMID: 21797945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided method in combination with Sonazoid has not been clinically or experimentally evaluated with regard to its use for identifying sentinel lymph node (SLN) in the stomach. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the usefulness of the CEUS-guided method with Sonazoid for imaging of the lymphatic channels and SLN of the stomach in a porcine model by comparing it with the conventional Evans blue dye-guided method. Twenty-eight 2 to 3-month-old swine weighing 17-30 kg were used in this experiment. Anesthesia was maintained with 2.0-3.0% isoflurane/O(2) inhalation. Sonazoid was injected into the intra- and sub-mucosal layers of the stomach. The intragastric or transcutaneous CEUS-guided method was used to identify the lymphatic channels and SLN of the stomach. Contrast imaging using the CEUS-guided method with Sonazoid enabled us to produce clear images of the afferent lymph vessel and SLN of the stomach until 2 h after the injection of Sonazoid. In addition, intranodal flow of the microbubble agent could be clearly identified using tissue linear harmonic images of the SLN. The SLN detection rate was not significantly different between the CEUS- and dye-guided methods. However, the Evans blue dye flowed out quickly (≈ 15 min after the injection) through the true SLN into the next LN of stomach. In conclusion, the use of the CEUS-guided method with Sonazoid might be the most useful clinical procedure for producing real-time images of the SLN of the stomach, and the linear harmonic images are also useful for evaluating intranodal structure within the SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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21
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Hashimoto A, Hashimoto S, Ando R, Noda K, Ogawa E, Kotani H, Hirose M, Menju T, Morishige M, Manabe T, Toda Y, Ishida S, Sabe H. GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-cortactin pathway frequently used in cancer invasion is activated by VEGFR2 to promote angiogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23359. [PMID: 21858086 PMCID: PMC3156124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and cancer invasiveness greatly contribute to cancer malignancy. Arf6 and its effector, AMAP1, are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer, and constitute a central pathway to induce the invasion and metastasis. In this pathway, Arf6 is activated by EGFR via GEP100. Arf6 is highly expressed also in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and is implicated in angiogenesis. Here, we found that HUVECs also highly express AMAP1, and that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) recruits GEP100 to activate Arf6. AMAP1 functions by binding to cortactin in cancer invasion and metastasis. We demonstrate that the same GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-cortactin pathway is essential for angiogenesis activities, including cell migration and tubular formation, as well as for the enhancement of cell permeability and VE-cadherin endocytosis of VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Components of this pathway are highly expressed in pathologic angiogenesis, and blocking of this pathway effectively inhibits VEGF- or tumor-induced angiogenesis and choroidal neovascularization. The GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-cortactin pathway, activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, appears to be common in angiogenesis and cancer invasion and metastasis, and provides their new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Noda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kotani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirose
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishige
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Manabe
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Toda
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lymphangiogenesis in post-natal tissue remodeling: lymphatic endothelial cell connection with its environment. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:146-58. [PMID: 21549745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main physiological function of the lymphatic vasculature is to maintain tissue fluid homeostasis. Lymphangiogenesis or de novo lymphatic formation is closely associated with tissue inflammation in adults (i.e. wound healing, allograft rejection, tumor metastasis). Until recently, research on lymphangiogenesis focused mainly on growth factor/growth factor-receptor pathways governing this process. One of the lymphatic vessel features is the incomplete or absence of basement membrane. This close association of endothelial cells with the underlying interstitial matrix suggests that cell-matrix interactions play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic functions. However, the exploration of interaction between extracellular matrix (ECM) components and lymphatic endothelial cells is in its infancy. Herein, we describe ECM-cell and cell-cell interactions on lymphatic system function and their modification occurring in pathologies including cancer metastasis.
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23
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Signaling mechanism of cell adhesion molecules in breast cancer metastasis: potential therapeutic targets. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128:7-21. [PMID: 21499686 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastatic spread of cancer cells is a complicated process that requires considerable flexibility in the adhesive properties of both tumor cells and other interacting cells. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are membrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and are essential for transducing intracellular signals responsible for adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogensis, and organ-specific metastasis. This review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding on the biological functions, signaling mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials of important CAMs involved in breast cancer metastasis.
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Abstract
The immune and inflammatory responses initiated by the interaction of a pathogen with airway surfaces constitute vital mechanisms to eradicate an infection. Sentinel dendritic cells embedded in the mucosa migrate to the lymph nodes to induce immune responses, whereas epithelial cells release chemokines to recruit inflammatory cells engaged in the active destruction of the intruder. All immune and inflammatory cells are regulated by customized purinergic networks of receptors and ectonucleotidases. The general concept is that bacterial products induce ATP release, which activates P2 receptors to initiate an inflammatory response, and is terminated by the conversion of ATP into adenosine (ADO) to initiate P1 receptor-mediated negative feedback responses. However, this chapter exposes a far more complex purinergic regulation of critical functions, such as the differentiation of naive lymphocytes and the complex maturation and secretion of pro-cytokines (i.e. IL-1β) by the "inflammasome". This material also reconciles decades of research by exposing the specificity and plasticity of the signaling network expressed by each immune and inflammatory cell, which changes through cell differentiation and in response to infectious or inflammatory mediators. By the end of this chapter, the reader will have a new appreciation for this aspect of airway defenses, and several leads in terms of therapeutic applications for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.
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25
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Miki K, Tanaka H, Nagai Y, Kimura C, Oike M. Transforming growth factor beta1 alters calcium mobilizing properties and endogenous ATP release in A549 cells: possible implications for cell migration. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:387-94. [PMID: 20668365 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10124fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)) on cellular functions in human lung cancer cell line A549. Treatment of A549 cells with 1 ng/ml TGFbeta(1) for more than 3 days altered their morphology from an epithelial cobblestone-like appearance to a fibroblast-like one, reduced the expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein, and induced the formation of F-actin fibers. These hallmarks indicate that TGFbeta(1) induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Migration of TGFbeta(1)-treated A549 cells, which was quantified by the wound-healing assay, was markedly accelerated by 3 microM ATPgammaS, a non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue. ATPgammaS-induced migration of TGFbeta(1)-treated A549 cells was reversed by the P2 antagonist suramin. In contrast, migration of control A549 cells was not altered by ATPgammaS. TGFbeta(1)-treated A549 cells showed an augmentation of ATP-induced Ca(2+) transients, thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) transients, and store-operated Ca(2+) entry compared with those in control cells. Basal level of the extracellular ATP concentration was significantly lower in TGFbeta(1)-treated A549 cells than in control cells. We conclude from these results that TGFbeta(1) augments ATP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, which leads to the acceleration of migration, in A549 cells but, it markedly reduces endogenous ATP release. This implies that the actions of ATP would become a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Kawai Y, Yokoyama Y, Kaidoh M, Ohhashi T. Shear stress-induced ATP-mediated endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase expression in human lymphatic endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C647-55. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00249.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in the regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) expression, we examined the effects of shear stress on ecNOS immunohistochemical staining and mRNA and protein expression in human LEC as well as on ATP release from these cells. Shear stress at 0.5 or 1.0 dyn/cm2 increased ecNOS immunohistochemical staining and ecNOS mRNA and protein expression in cultured LEC. The same strength of shear stress produced a significant release of ATP from the LEC. Exogenous ATP ranging in concentration from 10−9 to 10−6 M produced a significant increase in ecNOS immunohistochemical expression in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in ecNOS expression mediated by 10−6M ATP was significantly reduced by 10−5 M suramin. Suramin (10−5 M) caused a significant reduction in the shear stress-mediated increases in ecNOS immunohistochemical staining and mRNA expression. The shear stress-mediated increases in ecNOS expression were significantly reduced by 3 mM tetraethylammonium, 10−4 M apamin, 10−9 M iberiotoxin, 10−5 M 2-aminoethoxydephenyl borate, or 10−5M xestospongin C, but not 10−5 M glybenclamide or 10−5 M nifedipine. The shear stress-mediated increases in ecNOS expression were significantly potentiated by pinacidil or NS1619 in a dose-dependent manner. The immunohistochemical expression of small- (SKCa) and big-conductance (BKCa) Ca2+-activated K+ channels was confirmed on the surfaces of human LEC. These findings suggest that shear stress produces a significant release of ATP from LEC, which activates the purinergic P2X/2Y receptor, thereby facilitating ecNOS mRNA and protein expression through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated release of intracellular Ca2+ ions and the activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in LEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kawai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Maki Kaidoh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohhashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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