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Yamada M. The Roles of MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogeneses of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:313-326. [PMID: 32779621 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are the organs that work for gas exchange. The basic structure of the lungs is an alveolus, which consists of various types of parenchymal cells and bone marrow-derived cells. Therefore, because the lungs consist of various types of cells with various functions, communication among the different types of the cells should play important roles for the homeostasis and response to disease pathogens. In the past decades, researchers have focused on cytokines or adhesion molecules to reveal the intercellular communication for understanding the homeostasis and pathogenesis in the lungs. Recent investigations have revealed that an extracellular vesicle can move among cells for transferring substances including microRNAs in the vesicles as an intercellular messenger. MicroRNAs and extracellular vesicles are therefore attracting increasing attention from both translational and clinical researchers because these emerging intercellular communication tools seem to be useful for further understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as the biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. This review article is an attempt to review studies about microRNAs and extracellular vesicles in terms of their roles in normal conditions and refractory diseases of the lungs such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome including our recent study about pulmonary microvascular endothelial microparticles particles as the biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the possibility of microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as new clinical tools for the diagnosis or treatment for these refractory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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2
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Yamada M. Extracellular vesicles: Their emerging roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2021; 59:302-311. [PMID: 33753011 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells have several important functions; thus, communication between these cells plays an important role in homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases in the lungs. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of lung diseases, researchers have isolated each type of lung cell to investigate the changes in their gene expressions, including their humoral factor or adhesion molecules, to reveal the intercellular communication among these cells. In particular, investigations during the past decade have focused on extracellular vesicles, which are lipid bilayer delimited vesicles released from a cell that can move among various cells and transfer substances, including microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins, thus, functioning as intercellular messengers. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three general groups: apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microparticles. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes and microparticles, are attracting increasing attention from pulmonologists as tools for understanding pathogenesis and disease diagnosis. Here, we review studies, including our own, on exosomes and microparticles and their roles in both lung homeostasis and the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, the current global public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan.
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3
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Crossland RE, Perutelli F, Bogunia-Kubik K, Mooney N, Milutin Gašperov N, Pučić-Baković M, Greinix H, Weber D, Holler E, Pulanić D, Wolff D, Dickinson AM, Inngjerdingen M, Grce M. Potential Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:602547. [PMID: 33424849 PMCID: PMC7786047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic, diagnostic or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed for assessment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), a major risk for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main goal of this review generated within the COST Action EUROGRAFT "Integrated European Network on Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease" was to identify potential novel biomarkers for cGvHD besides the widely accepted molecular and cellular biomarkers. Thus, the focus was on cellular biomarkers, alloantibodies, glycomics, endothelial derived particles, extracellular vesicles, microbiome, epigenetic and neurologic changes in cGvHD patients. Both host-reactive antibodies in general, and particularly alloantibodies have been associated with cGvHD and require further consideration. Glycans attached to IgG modulate its activity and represent a promising predictive and/or stratification biomarker for cGVHD. Furthermore, epigenetic changes such as microRNAs and DNA methylation represent potential biomarkers for monitoring cGvHD patients and novel targets for developing new treatment approaches. Finally, the microbiome likely affects the pathophysiology of cGvHD; bacterial strains as well as microbial metabolites could display potential biomarkers for dysbiosis and risk for the development of cGvHD. In summary, although there are no validated biomarkers currently available for clinical use to better inform on the diagnosis, prognosis or prediction of outcome for cGvHD, many novel sources of potential markers have shown promise and warrant further investigation using well characterized, multi-center patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nuala Mooney
- INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapies, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hildegard Greinix
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dražen Pulanić
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne M. Dickinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Chapouly C, Hollier PL, Guimbal S, Cornuault L, Gadeau AP, Renault MA. Desert Hedgehog-Driven Endothelium Integrity Is Enhanced by Gas1 (Growth Arrest-Specific 1) but Negatively Regulated by Cdon (Cell Adhesion Molecule-Related/Downregulated by Oncogenes). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e336-e349. [PMID: 33028094 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidences accumulated within the past decades identified hedgehog signaling as a new regulator of endothelium integrity. More specifically, we recently identified Dhh (desert hedgehog) as a downstream effector of Klf2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) in endothelial cells (ECs). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hedgehog coreceptors Gas1 (growth arrest-specific 1) and Cdon (cell adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes) may be used as therapeutic targets to modulate Dhh signaling in ECs. Approach and Results: We demonstrated that both Gas1 and Cdon are expressed in adult ECs and relied on either siRNAs- or EC-specific conditional knockout mice to investigate their role. We found that Gas1 deficiency mainly phenocopies Dhh deficiency especially by inducing VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) overexpression while Cdon deficiency has opposite effects by promoting endothelial junction integrity. At a molecular level, Cdon prevents Dhh binding to Ptch1 (patched-1) and thus acts as a decoy receptor for Dhh, while Gas1 promotes Dhh binding to Smo (smoothened) and as a result potentiates Dhh effects. Since Cdon is upregulated in ECs treated by inflammatory cytokines, including TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α and Il (interleukin)-1β, we then tested whether Cdon inhibition would promote endothelium integrity in acute inflammatory conditions and found that both fibrinogen and IgG extravasation were decreased in association with an increased Cdh5 (cadherin-5) expression in the brain cortex of EC-specific Cdon knockout mice administered locally with Il-1β. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that Gas1 is a positive regulator of Dhh in ECs while Cdon is a negative regulator. Interestingly, Cdon blocking molecules may then be used to promote endothelium integrity, at least in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Chapouly
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Hollier
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Sarah Guimbal
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Lauriane Cornuault
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, F-33604 Pessac, France
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Matusek T, Marcetteau J, Thérond PP. Functions of Wnt and Hedgehog-containing extracellular vesicles in development and disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/18/jcs209742. [PMID: 32989011 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted morphogens play a major role in the intercellular communication necessary for animal development. It was initially thought that, in order to organize tissue morphogenesis and control cell fate and proliferation, morphogens diffused freely in the extracellular space. This view has since changed following the discovery that morphogens of the Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) families are modified by various lipid adducts during their biosynthesis, providing them with high affinity for the membrane bilayer. Recent work performed in model organisms suggests that Wnt and Hh proteins are carried on extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we provide our perspectives on the mechanisms of formation of Wnt- and Hh-containing extracellular vesicles, and discuss their functions during animal development, as well as in various human physiopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Matusek
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Julien Marcetteau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Pascal P Thérond
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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6
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Zhuang F, Bao H, Shi Q, Li J, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Qi Y. Endothelial microparticles induced by cyclic stretch activate Src and modulate cell apoptosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:13586-13596. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhuang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qian Shi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zong‐Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego CA USA
| | - Ying‐Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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7
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Wu J, He J, Tian X, Li H, Wen Y, Shao Q, Cheng C, Wang G, Sun X. Upregulation of miRNA-9-5p Promotes Angiogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Ptch-1. Neuroscience 2020; 440:160-174. [PMID: 32502567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-9-5p (miRNA-9-5p) is an important regulator of angiogenesis in many pathological states. However, the effect of miRNA-9-5p on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been elucidated. In this study, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to induce TBI in Sprague-Dawley rats, and an oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model was used to mimic the pathological state in vitro. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were extracted from immature rats. The results showed that the level of miRNA-9-5p was significantly increased in the traumatic foci after TBI, and the upregulation of miRNA9-5p promoted the recovery of neurological function. Moreover, the upregulation of miRNA-9-5p with miRNA agomir significantly increased the density of the microvascular and neurons around the traumatic foci in rats after TBI. The results of the in vitro experiments confirmed that the upregulation of miRNA-9-5p with a miRNA mimic improved cellular viability and alleviated cellular apoptosis. Dual luciferase reporter assay validated that miRNA-9-5p was a posttranscriptional modulator of Ptch-1. Activation of the Hedgehog pathway by increasing the level of miRNA-9-5p promoted the migration and tube formation of BMECs in vitro. In addition, we found that the upregulation of miRNA-9-5p activated the Hedgehog pathway and increased the phosphorylation of AKT, which promoted the expression of cyclin D1, MMP-9 and VEGF in BMECs. All these results indicate that the upregulation of miRNA-9-5p promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological functional recovery after TBI, mainly by activating the Hedgehog pathway. MiRNA-9-5p may be a potential new therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of The YangTze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junchi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaocui Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of The YangTze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of The YangTze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qi lu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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8
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Takei Y, Yamada M, Saito K, Kameyama Y, Sugiura H, Makiguchi T, Fujino N, Koarai A, Toyama H, Saito K, Ejima Y, Kawazoe Y, Kudo D, Kushimoto S, Yamauchi M, Ichinose M. Increase in circulating ACE-positive endothelial microparticles during acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.01188-2018. [PMID: 31320458 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01188-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are considered to be markers of endothelial injury, and lung microvascular endothelial cells express higher levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The aim of this study is to examine whether the number of ACE+ microvascular EMPs could be a prognostic marker for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in septic patients.The numbers of EMPs and ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from human microvascular endothelial cells, as well as in the blood of mouse lung injury models and septic patients (n=82), were examined using flow cytometry.ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells increased after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. In the mouse lung injury models, the circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio were higher than in the controls (p<0.001). The ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio was correlated with the wet/dry lung ratio (rs=0.775, p<0.001). The circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio on admission were significantly increased in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with septic patients who did not (p<0.001).Therefore, circulating ACE+ EMPs may be a prognostic marker for the development of ARDS in the septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takei
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kameyama
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Makiguchi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Saito
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ejima
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Kawazoe
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Hedgehog Interacting Protein (Hhip) Regulates Insulin Secretion in Mice Fed High Fat Diets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11183. [PMID: 31371780 PMCID: PMC6673691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) is essential for islet formation and beta-cell proliferation during pancreatic development; abnormally elevated Hhip expression has been linked to human pancreatitis. Here, we investigate the role of Hhip in modulating insulin secretion in adult Hhip mice (Hhip +/− vs. Hhip+/+) fed high fat diets (HFD). Both sexes of HFD-Hhip +/+ mice developed impaired glucose intolerance, that was only ameliorated in male HFD-Hhip +/− mice that had high levels of circulating plasma insulin, but not in female HFD-Hhip +/− mice. HFD stimulated Hhip gene expression, mainly in beta cells. Male HFD-Hhip +/+ mice had more large islets in which insulin content was reduced; islet architecture was disordered; and markers of oxidative stress (8-OHdG and Nox 2) were increased. In contrast, male HFD-Hhip +/− mice had more small islets with increased beta cell proliferation, enhanced GSIS, less oxidative stress and preserved islet integrity. In vitro, recombinant Hhip increased Nox2 and NADPH activity and decreased insulin-positive beta cells. siRNA-Hhip increased GSIS and abolished the stimulation of sodium palmitate (PA)-BSA on Nox2 gene expression. We conclude that pancreatic Hhip gene inhibits insulin secretion by altering islet integrity and promoting Nox2 gene expression in beta cells in response to HDF-mediated beta cell dysfunction, a novel finding.
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Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Vasculature Development, Differentiation, and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123076. [PMID: 31238510 PMCID: PMC6627637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vascular biology has first been highlighted in embryos by Pepicelli et al. in 1998 and Rowitch et al. in 1999. Since then, the proangiogenic role of the Hh ligands has been confirmed in adults, especially under pathologic conditions. More recently, the Hh signaling has been proposed to improve vascular integrity especially at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signaling in vascular biology remain poorly understood and conflicting results have been reported. As a matter of fact, in several settings, it is currently not clear whether Hh ligands promote vessel integrity and quiescence or destabilize vessels to promote angiogenesis. The present review relates the current knowledge regarding the role of the Hh signaling in vasculature development, maturation and maintenance, discusses the underlying proposed mechanisms and highlights controversial data which may serve as a guideline for future research. Most importantly, fully understanding such mechanisms is critical for the development of safe and efficient therapies to target the Hh signaling in both cancer and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
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11
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HHIPL-1 (rs2895811) gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiometabolic parameters in Mexicans patients with myocardial infarction. Gene 2018; 663:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Hedgehog Interacting Protein Promotes Fibrosis and Apoptosis in Glomerular Endothelial Cells in Murine Diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5958. [PMID: 29654303 PMCID: PMC5899163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether renal hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) expression contributes to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and studied its related mechanism(s) in vivo and in vitro. Here, we show that Hhip expression is highly elevated in glomerular endothelial cells of adult type 1 diabetic (T1D) Akita and T2D db/db mouse kidneys as compared to non-diabetic control littermates. Hyperglycemia enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) activation and stimulates renal Hhip gene expression, and that elevated renal Hhip gene expression subsequently activates the TGFβ1- Smad2/3 cascade and promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition associated with endothelial cell fibrosis/apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, kidneys of low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic heterozygous Hhip deficient (Hhip+/−) mice displayed a normal albumin/creatinine ratio with fewer features of DN (glomerulosclerosis/fibrosis and podocyte apoptosis/loss) and less evidence of renal compensation (glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration) as compared to diabetic wild type controls (Hhip+/+). Thus, our studies demonstrated that renal Hhip expression is associated with nephropathy development in diabetes and that hyperglycemia-induced renal Hhip expression may mediate glomerular endothelial fibrosis and apoptosis in diabetes, a novel finding.
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13
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Jing T, Ya-Shu K, Xue-Jun W, Han-Jing H, Yan L, Yi-An Y, Fei C, Xue-Bo L. Sirt6 mRNA-incorporated endothelial microparticles (EMPs) attenuates DM patient-derived EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114300-114313. [PMID: 29371988 PMCID: PMC5768405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are small vesicles released by endothelial cells (ECs); they are considered biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic targets in diabetes-related vascular disease. Sirtuins have also been shown to play important roles in diabetes by regulating endothelial dysfunction. However, the effect of sirtuin-incorporated EMPs on their parental ECs remains unknown. Aim The present study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of EMPs in diabetes and detect the protective effects of sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) mRNA -incorporated EMPs on endothelial dysfunction. Methods EMPs were prepared from cultured HUVECs and venous blood from patients with diabetes (n=10) and from healthy volunteers (n=6) after sequential centrifugation. Adv-Sirt6 or Sirt6 siRNA was used to alter Sirt6 expression. EC angiogenesis, inflammatory phenotypes, nitric oxide (NO) formation and eNOS phosphorylation were used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. Results The levels of EMPs in diabetic patients and high glucose-cultured HUVECs are high, whereas Sirt6 expression in plasma and EMPs is low. EMPs generated from diabetic patients or high glucose-cultured HUVECs increase inflammatory chemokine release and blunt EC angiogenesis. Furthermore, EMPs enriched with Sirt6 mRNA induces EC angiogenesis, increases eNOS phosphorylation and impedes inflammatory chemokine release. Inhibition of Sirt6 mRNA expression in EMPs by siRNA hinders angiogenesis and eNOS phosphorylation but increases cellular inflammation. Conclusion The Sirt6 mRNA-carrying EMPs may ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuang Ya-Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xue-Jun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Han-Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yi-An
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xue-Bo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ball S, Nugent K. Microparticles in Hematological Malignancies: Role in Coagulopathy and Tumor Pathogenesis. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:207-214. [PMID: 29549921 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MP) are submicron vesicles released from various cells in response to activation, injury or apoptosis. They contain different structural and functional proteins and RNAs, which contribute to physiological intercellular "crosstalk" and to the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. In hematological malignancies, these MPs participate in the initiation and propagation of thrombosis through different pathways. They have a role in the angiogenesis, malignant cell survival and metastasis. MPs act as a mediator of resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. The number of MPs is one of the prognostic factors following stem cell transplant, and studies have also found they contribute to the pathogenesis of graft versus host disease. MPs are being tested as therapeutic options in leukemias and graft versus host disease. Future studies should help us understand the interactions between MPs and cancer cells better, thereby opening new approaches for treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedeb Ball
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Liao MC, Zhao XP, Chang SY, Lo CS, Chenier I, Takano T, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL. AT 2 R deficiency mediated podocyte loss via activation of ectopic hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) gene expression. J Pathol 2017; 243:279-293. [PMID: 28722118 DOI: 10.1002/path.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R) deficiency in AT2 R knockout (KO) mice has been linked to congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether AT2 R deficiency impaired glomerulogenesis and mediated podocyte loss/dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Nephrin-cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-transgenic (Tg) and Nephrin/AT2 RKO mice were used to assess glomerulogenesis, while wild-type and AT2 RKO mice were used to evaluate maturation of podocyte morphology/function. Immortalized mouse podocytes (mPODs) were employed for in vitro studies. AT2 R deficiency resulted in diminished glomerulogenesis in E15 embryos, but had no impact on actual nephron number in neonates. Pups lacking AT2 R displayed features of renal dysplasia with lower glomerular tuft volume and podocyte numbers. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that loss of AT2 R was associated with elevated NADPH oxidase 4 levels, which in turn stimulated ectopic hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) gene expression in podocytes. Consequently, ectopic Hhip expression activation either triggers caspase-3 and p53-related apoptotic processes resulting in podocyte loss, or activates TGFβ1-Smad2/3 cascades and α-SMA expression to transform differentiated podocytes to undifferentiated podocyte-derived fibrotic cells. We analyzed HHIP expression in the kidney disease database (Nephroseq) and then validated this using HHIP immunohistochemistry staining of human kidney biopsies (controls versus focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). In conclusion, loss of AT2 R is associated with podocyte loss/dysfunction and is mediated, at least in part, via augmented ectopic Hhip expression in podocytes. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chun Liao
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xin-Ping Zhao
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shiao-Ying Chang
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kumar A, Stoica BA, Loane DJ, Yang M, Abulwerdi G, Khan N, Kumar A, Thom SR, Faden AI. Microglial-derived microparticles mediate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:47. [PMID: 28292310 PMCID: PMC5351060 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local and systemic inflammatory responses are initiated early after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and may play a key role in the secondary injury processes resulting in neuronal loss and neurological deficits. However, the mechanisms responsible for the rapid expansion of neuroinflammation and its long-term progression have yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of microparticles (MP), a member of the extracellular vesicle family, in the exchange of pro-inflammatory molecules between brain immune cells, as well as their transfer to the systemic circulation, as key pathways of inflammation propagation following brain trauma. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact TBI for 24 h, and enriched MP were isolated in the blood, while neuroinflammation was assessed in the TBI cortex. MP were characterized by flow cytometry, and MP content was assayed using gene and protein markers for pro-inflammatory mediators. Enriched MP co-cultured with BV2 or primary microglial cells were used for immune propagation assays. Enriched MP from BV2 microglia or CD11b-positive microglia from the TBI brain were stereotactically injected into the cortex of uninjured mice to evaluate MP-related seeding of neuroinflammation in vivo. RESULTS As the neuroinflammatory response is developing in the brain after TBI, microglial-derived MP are released into the circulation. Circulating enriched MP from the TBI animals can activate microglia in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation increases MP release from microglia in vitro and enhances their content of pro-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β and microRNA-155. Enriched MP from activated microglia in vitro or CD11b-isolated microglia/macrophage from the TBI brain ex vivo are sufficient to initiate neuroinflammation following their injection into the cortex of naïve (uninjured) animals. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying the development and dissemination of neuroinflammation after TBI. MP loaded with pro-inflammatory molecules initially released by microglia following trauma can activate additional microglia that may contribute to progressive neuroinflammatory response in the injured brain, as well as stimulate systemic immune responses. Due to their ability to independently initiate inflammatory responses, MP derived from activated microglia may provide a potential therapeutic target for other neurological disorders in which neuroinflammation may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gelareh Abulwerdi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Niaz Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Asit Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Sciences Facility II (HSFII), #S247 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Zheng P, Wu QL, Li BB, Chen P, Nie DM, Zhang R, Fang J, Xia LH, Hong M. Simvastatin ameliorates graft-vs-host disease by regulating angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in a murine model. Leuk Res 2017; 55:49-54. [PMID: 28122283 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietins play an important role in vascular endothelial function. Endothelial damage is an important pathogenesis relating with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), protecting endothelial cells (ECs) from damage may be a potent prophylaxis and therapeutic strategy of acute GVHD (aGVHD). In this study, we explored changes in Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Ang-2 expression in a aGVHD mouse model and determined whether simvastatin prevents GVHD through regulating Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression. In vitro simvastatin administration increased Ang-1 production and release but conversely inhibited Ang-2 release from EA.hy926 ECs. Simvastatin improved the survival of aGVHD mice, attenuated the histopathological GVHD grades and plasma levels of Ang-2, and elevated the plasma levels of Ang-1 as well as the aortic endothelial levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2. In summary, simvastatin represents a novel approach to combat GVHD by increasing Ang-1 production while suppressing Ang-2 release to stabilize endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di-Min Nie
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Hui Xia
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Collaborative Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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