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Bajwa A, Rosin DL, Chroscicki P, Lee S, Dondeti K, Ye H, Kinsey GR, Stevens BK, Jobin K, Kenwood BM, Hoehn KL, Lynch KR, Okusa MD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 enhances mitochondrial function and reduces cisplatin-induced tubule injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:908-25. [PMID: 25145931 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the natural sphingolipid ligand for a family of five G protein- coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5Rs), regulates cell survival and lymphocyte circulation. We have shown that the pan-S1PR agonist, FTY720, attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by directly activating S1P1 on proximal tubule (PT) cells, independent of the canonical lymphopenic effects of S1P1 activation on B and T cells. FTY720 also reduces cisplatin-induced AKI. Therefore, in this study, we used conditional PT-S1P1-null (PepckCreS1pr1(fl/fl)) and control (PepckCreS1pr1(w/wt)) mice to determine whether the protective effect of FTY720 in AKI is mediated by PT-S1P1. Cisplatin induced more renal injury in PT-S1P1-null mice than in controls. Although FTY720 produced lymphopenia in both control and PT-S1P1-null mice, it reduced injury only in control mice. Furthermore, the increase in proinflammatory cytokine (CXCL1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6) expression and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages induced by cisplatin treatment was attenuated by FTY720 in control mice but not in PT-S1P1-null mice. Similarly, S1P1 deletion rendered cultured PT cells more susceptible to cisplatin-induced injury, whereas S1P1 overexpression protected PT cells from injury and preserved mitochondrial function. We conclude that S1P1 may have an important role in stabilizing mitochondrial function and that FTY720 administration represents a novel strategy in the prevention of cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Bajwa
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Pharmacology, and
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sangju Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Krishna Dondeti
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hong Ye
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gilbert R Kinsey
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brian K Stevens
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Mark D Okusa
- Departments of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Tóth AE, Walter FR, Bocsik A, Sántha P, Veszelka S, Nagy L, Puskás LG, Couraud PO, Takata F, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y, Deli MA. Edaravone protects against methylglyoxal-induced barrier damage in human brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100152. [PMID: 25033388 PMCID: PMC4102474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated level of reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal, triggers carbonyl stress and activates a series of inflammatory responses leading to accelerated vascular damage. Edaravone is the active substance of a Japanese medicine, which aids neurological recovery following acute brain ischemia and subsequent cerebral infarction. Our aim was to test whether edaravone can exert a protective effect on the barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cell line) treated with methylglyoxal. Methodology Cell viability was monitored in real-time by impedance-based cell electronic sensing. The barrier function of the monolayer was characterized by measurement of resistance and flux of permeability markers, and visualized by immunohistochemistry for claudin-5 and β-catenin. Cell morphology was also examined by holographic phase imaging. Principal Findings Methylglyoxal exerted a time- and dose-dependent toxicity on cultured human brain endothelial cells: a concentration of 600 µM resulted in about 50% toxicity, significantly reduced the integrity and increased the permeability of the barrier. The cell morphology also changed dramatically: the area of cells decreased, their optical height significantly increased. Edaravone (3 mM) provided a complete protection against the toxic effect of methylglyoxal. Co-administration of edaravone restored cell viability, barrier integrity and functions of brain endothelial cells. Similar protection was obtained by the well-known antiglycating molecule, aminoguanidine, our reference compound. Conclusion These results indicate for the first time that edaravone is protective in carbonyl stress induced barrier damage. Our data may contribute to the development of compounds to treat brain endothelial dysfunction in carbonyl stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Sántha
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Li W, Xu H, Hu Y, He P, Ni Z, Xu H, Zhang Z, Dai H. Edaravone protected human brain microvascular endothelial cells from methylglyoxal-induced injury by inhibiting AGEs/RAGE/oxidative stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76025. [PMID: 24098758 PMCID: PMC3786889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjects with diabetes experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and stroke compared with nondiabetic age-matched individuals. Increased formation of reactive physiological dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) seems to be implicated in the development of diabetic vascular complication due to its protein glycation and oxidative stress effect. Edaravone, a novel radical scavenger, has been reported to display the advantageous effects on ischemic stroke both in animals and clinical trials; however, little is known about whether edaravone has protective effects on diabetic cerebrovascular injury. Using cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), protective effects of edaravone on MGO and MGO enhancing oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced injury were investigated. Cell injury was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) formation, cell account, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Rhodamine 123 staining. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression were measured by western blotting. Cellular oxidative stress was measured by reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Treatment of MGO for 24 h significantly induced HBMEC injury, which was inhibited by pretreatment of edaravone from 10–100 µmol/l. What’s more, treatment of MGO enhanced AGEs accumulation, RAGE expression and ROS release in the cultured HBMEC, which were inhibited by 100 µmol/l edaravone. Finally, treatment of MGO for 24 h and then followed by 3 h OGD insult significantly enhanced cell injury when compared with OGD insult only, which was also protected by 100 µmol/l edaravone. Thus, edaravone protected HBMEC from MGO and MGO enhancing OGD-induced injury by inhibiting AGEs/RAGE/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hori K, Tsujii M, Iino T, Satonaka H, Uemura T, Akeda K, Hasegawa M, Uchida A, Sudo A. Protective effect of edaravone for tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury on skeletal muscle in murine hindlimb. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:113. [PMID: 23530927 PMCID: PMC3614524 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) produces free radicals leading to lipid peroxidation and damage to skeletal muscle. The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the histological findings of gastrocnemius muscle (GC) and tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in I/R injury model mice, 2) to histologically analyze whether a single pretreatment of edaravone inhibits I/R injury to skeletal muscle in murine models and 3) to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on these muscles. Methods C57BL6 mice were divided in two groups, with one group receiving 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of edaravone (I/R + Ed group) and the other group receiving an identical amount of saline (I/R group) 30 minutes before ischemia. Edaravone (3-methy-1-pheny1-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a potent and novel synthetic scavenger of free radicals. This drug inhibits both nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation and the lipoxygenase pathway, in addition to having potent antioxidant effects against ischemia reperfusion. The duration of the ischemia was 1.5 hours, with reperfusion at either 24 or 72 hours (3 days). Specimens of gastrocnemius (GC) and anterior tibialis (TA) were removed for histological evaluation and biochemical analysis. Results This model of I/R injury was highly reproducible in histologic muscle damage. In the histologic damage score, the mean muscle fibers and inflammatory cell infiltration in the I/R + Ed group were significantly less than the corresponding values of observed in the I/R group. Thus, pretreatment with edaravone was observed to have a protective effect on muscle damage after a period of I/R in mice. In addition, the mean muscle injury score in the I/R + Ed group was also significantly less than the I/R group. In the I/R + Ed group, the mean malondialdehyde (MDA) level was lower than in the I/R group and western-blotting revealed that edaravone pretreatment decreased the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Conclusions Edaravone was found to have a protective effect against I/R injury by directly inhibiting lipid peroxidation of the myocyte by free radicals in skeletal muscles and may also reduce the secondary edema and inflammatory infiltration incidence of oxidative stress on tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuichiro Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu city, Mie prefecture 514-8507, Japan
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Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) regulated transcriptionally by hyperosmolarity is involved in intestinal barrier function. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5049. [PMID: 19343169 PMCID: PMC2660421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays important roles in cellular functions such as cell differentiation and regulation of chloride transport, but its roles in pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation remain largely unknown. Here we report significantly increased SPAK expression levels in hyperosmotic environments, such as mucosal biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's disease, as well as colon tissues of C57BL/6 mice and Caco2-BBE cells treated with hyperosmotic medium. NF-kappaB and Sp1-binding sites in the SPAK TATA-less promoter are essential for SPAK mRNA transcription. Hyperosmolarity increases the ability of NF-kappaB and Sp1 to bind to their binding sites. Knock-down of either NF-kappaB or Sp1 by siRNA reduces the hyperosmolarity-induced SPAK expression levels. Furthermore, expression of NF-kappaB, but not Sp1, was upregulated by hyperosmolarity in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear run-on assays showed that hyperosmolarity increases SPAK expression levels at the transcriptional level, without affecting SPAK mRNA stability. Knockdown of SPAK expression by siRNA or overexpression of SPAK in cells and transgenic mice shows that SPAK is involved in intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo. Together, our data suggest that SPAK, the transcription of which is regulated by hyperosmolarity, plays an important role in epithelial barrier function.
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Chiang ET, Camp SM, Dudek SM, Brown ME, Usatyuk PV, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC, Garcia JGN. Protective effects of high-molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) in human lung endothelial cell barrier regulation: role of actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Microvasc Res 2009; 77:174-86. [PMID: 19121327 PMCID: PMC3736723 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury represents the result of multiple pathways initiated by local or systemic insults and is characterized by profound vascular permeability, pulmonary edema, and life-threatening respiratory failure. Permeability-reducing therapies are of potential clinical utility but are currently unavailable. We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds, inert and non-toxic polymers that serve as a surrogate mucin lining in intestinal epithelium, may attenuate agonist-mediated lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction. High molecular weight PEG (PEG15-20) produced rapid, dose-dependent increases in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) in human lung endothelium cultured on gold microelectrodes, reflecting increased paracellular integrity. The maximal effective concentration of 8% PEG induced a sustained 125% increase in TER (40 h), results similar to barrier-enhancing agonists such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (40% increase in TER). Maximal PEG barrier enhancement was achieved at 45-60 min and PEG effectively reversed both thrombin- and LPS-induced EC barrier dysfunction. Consistent with the increase in TER, immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that PEG produced significant cytoskeletal rearrangement with formation of well-defined cortical actin rings and lamellipodia containing the actin-binding proteins, cortactin and MLCK, known participants in cell-matrix and cell-cell junctional adhesion. Finally, PEG challenge induced rapid alterations in levels of MAP kinase and MLC phosphorylation. In summary, PEG joins a number of EC barrier-regulatory agents which rapidly activate barrier-enhancing signal transduction pathways which target the cytoskeleton and provides a potential therapeutic strategy in inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie T Chiang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 6092 Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
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