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The Molecular Heterogeneity of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Different roles of Orai1 and TRPC1/TRPC4 Channels in the Transition from Ca 2+-Selective to Non-Selective Cation Currents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043259. [PMID: 36834672 PMCID: PMC9967124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is activated in response to the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-dependent depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store and represents a ubiquitous mode of Ca2+ influx. In vascular endothelial cells, SOCE regulates a plethora of functions that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, such as angiogenesis, vascular tone, vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, and monocyte adhesion. The molecular mechanisms responsible for SOCE activation in vascular endothelial cells have engendered a long-lasting controversy. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the endothelial SOCE is mediated by two distinct ion channel signalplexes, i.e., STIM1/Orai1 and STIM1/Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1(TRPC1)/TRPC4. However, recent evidence has shown that Orai1 can assemble with TRPC1 and TRPC4 to form a non-selective cation channel with intermediate electrophysiological features. Herein, we aim at bringing order to the distinct mechanisms that mediate endothelial SOCE in the vascular tree from multiple species (e.g., human, mouse, rat, and bovine). We propose that three distinct currents can mediate SOCE in vascular endothelial cells: (1) the Ca2+-selective Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ current (ICRAC), which is mediated by STIM1 and Orai1; (2) the store-operated non-selective current (ISOC), which is mediated by STIM1, TRPC1, and TRPC4; and (3) the moderately Ca2+-selective, ICRAC-like current, which is mediated by STIM1, TRPC1, TRPC4, and Orai1.
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Varma D, Almeida JFQ, DeSantiago J, Blatter LA, Banach K. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor - reactive oxygen signaling domain regulates excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:147-155. [PMID: 34755642 PMCID: PMC8826595 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is up-regulated in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) is linked to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Nevertheless, knowledge of the physiological relevance and regulation of InsP3Rs in atrial muscle is still limited. We hypothesize that InsP3R and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) form a functional signaling domain where NOX2 derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate InsP3R agonist affinity and thereby Ca2+ release. To quantitate the contribution of IICR to atrial excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) atrial myocytes (AMs) were isolated from wild type and NOX2 deficient (Nox2-/-) mice and changes in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i; fluo-4/AM, indo-1) or ROS (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF) were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Superfusion of AMs with Angiotensin II (AngII: 1 μmol/L) significantly increased diastolic [Ca2+]i (F/F0, Ctrl: 1.00 ± 0.01, AngII: 1.20 ± 0.03; n = 7; p < 0.05), the field stimulation induced Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude (ΔF/F0, Ctrl: 2.00 ± 0.17, AngII: 2.39 ± 0.22, n = 7; p < 0.05), and let to the occurrence of spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i. These changes in [Ca2+]i were suppressed by the InsP3R blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate (2-APB; 1 μmol/L). Concomitantly, AngII induced an increase in ROS production that was sensitive to the NOX2 specific inhibitor gp91ds-tat (1 μmol/L). In NOX2-/- AMs, AngII failed to increase diastolic [Ca2+]i, CaT amplitude, and the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ increases. Furthermore, the enhancement of CaTs by exposure to membrane permeant InsP3 was abolished by NOX inhibition with apocynin (1 μM). AngII induced IICR in Nox2-/- AMs could be restored by addition of exogenous ROS (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tBHP: 5 μmol/L). In saponin permeabilized AMs InsP3 (5 μmol/L) induced Ca2+ sparks that increased in frequency in the presence of ROS (InsP3: 9.65 ± 1.44 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; InsP3 + tBHP: 10.77 ± 1.5 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; n = 5; p < 0.05). The combined effect of InsP3 + tBHP was entirely suppressed by 2-APB and Xestospongine C (XeC). Changes in IICR due to InsP3R glutathionylation induced by diamide could be reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT: 1 mmol/L) and prevented by pretreatment with 2-APB, supporting that the ROS-dependent post-translational modification of the InsP3R plays a role in the regulation of ECC. Our data demonstrate that in AMs the InsP3R is under dual control of agonist induced InsP3 and ROS formation and suggest that InsP3 and NOX2-derived ROS co-regulate atrial IICR and ECC in a defined InsP3R/NOX2 signaling domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Varma
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jonathas F Q Almeida
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jaime DeSantiago
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Kathrin Banach
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling, Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis: just What It Takes to Make a Blood Vessel. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163962. [PMID: 31416282 PMCID: PMC6721072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that endothelial Ca2+ signals drive angiogenesis by recruiting multiple Ca2+-sensitive decoders in response to pro-angiogenic cues, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, stromal derived factor-1α and angiopoietins. Recently, it was shown that intracellular Ca2+ signaling also drives vasculogenesis by stimulation proliferation, tube formation and neovessel formation in endothelial progenitor cells. Herein, we survey how growth factors, chemokines and angiogenic modulators use endothelial Ca2+ signaling to regulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The endothelial Ca2+ response to pro-angiogenic cues may adopt different waveforms, ranging from Ca2+ transients or biphasic Ca2+ signals to repetitive Ca2+ oscillations, and is mainly driven by endogenous Ca2+ release through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and by store-operated Ca2+ entry through Orai1 channels. Lysosomal Ca2+ release through nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate-gated two-pore channels is, however, emerging as a crucial pro-angiogenic pathway, which sustains intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Understanding how endothelial Ca2+ signaling regulates angiogenesis and vasculogenesis could shed light on alternative strategies to induce therapeutic angiogenesis or interfere with the aberrant vascularization featuring cancer and intraocular disorders.
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Blatter LA. Tissue Specificity: SOCE: Implications for Ca 2+ Handling in Endothelial Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:343-361. [PMID: 28900923 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular functions of the vascular endothelium are regulated by fine-tuned global and local, microdomain-confined changes of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Vasoactive agonist-induced stimulation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) typically induces Ca2+ release through IP3 receptor Ca2+ release channels embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store, followed by Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space elicited by Ca2+ store depletion and referred to as capacitative or store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). In vascular endothelial cells, SOCE is graded with the degree of store depletion and controlled locally in the subcellular microdomain where depletion occurs. SOCE provides distinct Ca2+ signals that selectively control specific endothelial functions: in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells, the SOCE Ca2+ signal drives nitric oxide (an endothelium-derived relaxing factor of the vascular smooth muscle) production and controls activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFAT. Both cellular events are not affected by Ca2+ signals of comparable magnitude arising directly from Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, clearly indicating that SOCE regulates specific Ca2+-dependent cellular tasks by a unique and exclusive mechanism. This review discusses the mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ regulation in vascular endothelial cells and the role of store-operated Ca2+ entry for endothelium-dependent smooth muscle relaxation and nitric oxide signaling, endothelial oxidative stress response, and excitation-transcription coupling in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Toussaint F, Charbel C, Allen BG, Ledoux J. Vascular CaMKII: heart and brain in your arteries. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C462-78. [PMID: 27306369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
First characterized in neuronal tissues, the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key signaling component in several mammalian biological systems. Its unique capacity to integrate various Ca(2+) signals into different specific outcomes is a precious asset to excitable and nonexcitable cells. Numerous studies have reported roles and mechanisms involving CaMKII in brain and heart tissues. However, corresponding functions in vascular cell types (endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells) remained largely unexplored until recently. Investigation of the intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics, their impact on vascular cell function, the regulatory processes involved and more recently the spatially restricted oscillatory Ca(2+) signals and microdomains triggered significant interest towards proteins like CaMKII. Heteromultimerization of CaMKII isoforms (four isoforms and several splice variants) expands this kinase's peculiar capacity to decipher Ca(2+) signals and initiate specific signaling processes, and thus controlling cellular functions. The physiological functions that rely on CaMKII are unsurprisingly diverse, ranging from regulating contractile state and cellular proliferation to Ca(2+) homeostasis and cellular permeability. This review will focus on emerging evidence of CaMKII as an essential component of the vascular system, with a focus on the kinase isoform/splice variants and cellular system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Toussaint
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Chimène Charbel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ledoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and
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Yu N, Jiang J, Yu Y, Li H, Huang X, Ma Y, Zhang L, Zou J, Zhang B, Chen S, Liu P. SLC41A1 knockdown inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by preventing Mg(2+) efflux and Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:74-82. [PMID: 25263961 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Na(+)/Mg(2+) exchanger plays an important role in cardiovascular system, but the molecular mechanisms still largely remain unknown. The Solute Carrier family 41A1 (SLC41A1), a novel Mg(2+) transporter, recently was found to function as Na(+)/Mg(2+) exchanger, which mainly regulates the intracellular Mg(2+) ([Mg(2+)]i) homeostasis. Our present studies were designed to investigate whether SLC41A1 impacts on the fibrogenesis of cardiac fibroblasts under Ang II stimulation. Our results showed that quinidine, a prototypical inhibitor of Na(+)/Mg(2+) exchanger, inhibited Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via attenuating the overexpression of vital biomarkers of fibrosis, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In addition, quinidine also decreased the Ang II-mediated elevation of concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) and extrusion of intracellular Mg(2+). Meanwhile, silencing SLC41A1 by RNA interference also impaired the elevation of [Ca(2+)]i, [Mg(2+)]i efflux and the upregulation of CTGF, FN and α-SMA provoked by Ang II. Furthermore, we found that Ang II-mediated activation of NFATc4 translocation decreased in SLC41A1-siRNA cells. These results support the notion that rapid extrusion of intracellular Mg(2+) is mediated by SLC41A1 and provide the evidence that the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration is influenced by extrusion of intracellular Mg(2+) which facilitates fibrosis reaction in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunzi Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggabilitiy Assessment and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Jiang Y, Shan S, Gan T, Zhang X, Lu X, Hu H, Wu Y, Sheng J, Yang J. Effects of cisplatin on the contractile function of thoracic aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:893-897. [PMID: 25279165 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents have been reported to be associated with cardiovascular complications, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the present study, the possible vascular effects of cisplatin was assessed by measuring its effects on the contractile function of thoracic aortic rings dissected from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Contraction of the aortic ring was induced by 60 mM KCl or 10-6 M phenylephrine (PE) in an ex vivo perfusion system. Cisplatin (200 μM) counteracted KCl- and PE-induced contraction by 57.6 and 91.8%, respectively, in endothelium-intact aortic rings. Similar results were obtained in endothelium-denuded aortas. Electromicroscopy analysis revealed severe damage to blood vessel walls in vivo by cisplatin. In addition, cisplatin significantly inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results suggested that the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin can affect the contractile function of thoracic aortas. In addition, in accordance with its DNA-damaging properties, the cardiovascular toxicity of cisplatin may be the result of its direct cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Suzhou Biological Technology Co., Ltd., of Centre Testing International Corporation, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Tieer Gan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Department of Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
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Yu Y, Chen S, Xiao C, Jia Y, Guo J, Jiang J, Liu P. TRPM7 is involved in angiotensin II induced cardiac fibrosis development by mediating calcium and magnesium influx. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:252-60. [PMID: 24680379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is involved in a lot of cardiovascular pathological processes. Cardiac fibrosis can block conduction, cause hypoxia, strengthen myocardial stiffness, create electrical heterogeneity, and hamper systolic ejection, which is associated with the development of arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Besides the initial stimulating factors, the cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the principal responsible cells in the fibrogenesis cascade of events. TRPM7, a member of the TRPM (Melastatin) subfamily, is a non-selective cation channel, which permeates both Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Here we demonstrated TRPM7 expression in CFs, and 2-APB (TRPM7 inhibitor), inhibited Ang II-induced CTGF, α-SMA expression and CFs proliferation. Besides, knocking down TRPM7 by shRNA, we proved that TRPM7 mediated both calcium and magnesium changes in cardiac fibroblasts which contribute to fibrosis progress. This study suggested that TRPM7 should play a pivotal role in cardiac fibroblast functions associated to cardiac fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyao Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Rietman EA, Friesen DE, Hahnfeldt P, Gatenby R, Hlatky L, Tuszynski JA. An integrated multidisciplinary model describing initiation of cancer and the Warburg hypothesis. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:39. [PMID: 23758735 PMCID: PMC3689044 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this paper we propose a chemical physics mechanism for the initiation of the glycolytic switch commonly known as the Warburg hypothesis, whereby glycolytic activity terminating in lactate continues even in well-oxygenated cells. We show that this may result in cancer via mitotic failure, recasting the current conception of the Warburg effect as a metabolic dysregulation consequent to cancer, to a biophysical defect that may contribute to cancer initiation. Model Our model is based on analogs of thermodynamic concepts that tie non-equilibrium fluid dynamics ultimately to metabolic imbalance, disrupted microtubule dynamics, and finally, genomic instability, from which cancers can arise. Specifically, we discuss how an analog of non-equilibrium Rayleigh-Benard convection can result in glycolytic oscillations and cause a cell to become locked into a higher-entropy state characteristic of cancer. Conclusions A quantitative model is presented that attributes the well-known Warburg effect to a biophysical mechanism driven by a convective disturbance in the cell. Contrary to current understanding, this effect may precipitate cancer development, rather than follow from it, providing new insights into carcinogenesis, cancer treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Rietman
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GeneSys Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02142, USA.
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Zima AV, Pabbidi MR, Lipsius SL, Blatter LA. Effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on Ca(2+) signaling during excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H983-93. [PMID: 23376829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00932.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) regulation in the heart. We studied sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release in cat atrial myocytes during depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by the protonophore FCCP. FCCP caused an initial decrease of action potential-induced Ca(2+) transient amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) waves followed by partial recovery despite partially depleted SR Ca(2+) stores. In the presence of oligomycin, FCCP only exerted a stimulatory effect on Ca(2+) transients and Ca(2+) wave frequency, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of FCCP was mediated by ATP consumption through reverse-mode operation of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase. ΔΨm depolarization was accompanied by cytosolic acidification, increases of diastolic [Ca(2+)]i, intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]i), and intracellular Mg(2+) concentration ([Mg(2+)]i), and a decrease of intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP]i); however, glycolytic ATP production partially compensated for the exhaustion of mitochondrial ATP supplies. In conclusion, the initial inhibition of Ca(2+) transients and waves resulted from suppression of ryanodine receptor SR Ca(2+) release channel activity by a decrease in [ATP], an increase of [Mg(2+)]i, and cytoplasmic acidification. The later stimulation resulted from reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) buffering and cytosolic Na(+) and Ca(2+) accumulation, leading to enhanced Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release and spontaneous Ca(2+) release in the form of Ca(2+) waves. ΔΨm depolarization and the ensuing consequences of mitochondrial uncoupling observed here (intracellular acidification, decrease of [ATP]i, increase of [Na(+)]i and [Mg(2+)]i, and Ca(2+) overload) are hallmarks of ischemia. These findings may therefore provide insight into the consequences of mitochondrial uncoupling for ion homeostasis, SR Ca(2+) release, and excitation-contraction coupling in ischemia at the cellular and subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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Moccia F, Berra-Romani R, Tanzi F. Update on vascular endothelial Ca 2+ signalling: A tale of ion channels, pumps and transporters. World J Biol Chem 2012; 3:127-58. [PMID: 22905291 PMCID: PMC3421132 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i7.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) lines the lumen of blood vessels and forms a multifunctional transducing organ that mediates a plethora of cardiovascular processes. The activation of ECs from as state of quiescence is, therefore, regarded among the early events leading to the onset and progression of potentially lethal diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, brain stroke, and tumor. Intracellular Ca2+ signals have long been know to play a central role in the complex network of signaling pathways regulating the endothelial functions. Notably, recent work has outlined how any change in the pattern of expression of endothelial channels, transporters and pumps involved in the modulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels may dramatically affect whole body homeostasis. Vascular ECs may react to both mechanical and chemical stimuli by generating a variety of intracellular Ca2+ signals, ranging from brief, localized Ca2+ pulses to prolonged Ca2+ oscillations engulfing the whole cytoplasm. The well-defined spatiotemporal profile of the subcellular Ca2+ signals elicited in ECs by specific extracellular inputs depends on the interaction between Ca2+ releasing channels, which are located both on the plasma membrane and in a number of intracellular organelles, and Ca2+ removing systems. The present article aims to summarize both the past and recent literature in the field to provide a clear-cut picture of our current knowledge on the molecular nature and the role played by the components of the Ca2+ machinery in vascular ECs under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Francesco Moccia, Franco Tanzi, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Laboratory of Physiology, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Dedkova EN, Blatter LA. Measuring mitochondrial function in intact cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:48-61. [PMID: 21964191 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in cellular functions that go beyond the traditional role of these organelles as the power plants of the cell. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including cardiac dysfunction, and play a role in the aging process. Many aspects of our knowledge of mitochondria stem from studies performed on the isolated organelle. Their relative inaccessibility imposes experimental difficulties to study mitochondria in their natural environment-the cytosol of intact cells-and has hampered a comprehensive understanding of the plethora of mitochondrial functions. Here we review currently available methods to study mitochondrial function in intact cardiomyocytes. These methods primarily use different flavors of fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded fluorescent proteins in conjunction with high-resolution imaging techniques. We review methods to study mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca(2+) and Na(+) signaling, mitochondrial pH regulation, redox state and ROS production, NO signaling, oxygen consumption, ATP generation and the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Where appropriate we complement this review on intact myocytes with seminal studies that were performed on isolated mitochondria, permeabilized cells, and in whole hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Dedkova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Joshi DC, Bakowska JC. SPG20 protein spartin associates with cardiolipin via its plant-related senescence domain and regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19290. [PMID: 21559443 PMCID: PMC3084803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurological disorders characterized clinically by spasticity of lower limbs and pathologically by degeneration of the corticospinal tract. Troyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive HSP caused by a frameshift mutation in the spartin (SPG20) gene. Previously, we established that this mutation results in a lack of expression of the truncated mutant spartin protein. Spartin is involved in many cellular processes and associates with several intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. Spartin contains a conserved plant-related senescence domain at its C-terminus. However, neither the function of this domain nor the roles of spartin in mitochondrial physiology are currently known. In this study, we determined that the plant-related senescence domain of spartin interacts with cardiolipin but not with two other major mitochondrial phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. We also found that knockdown of spartin by small interfering RNA in a human neuroblastoma cell line resulted in depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. In addition, depletion of spartin resulted in a significant decrease in both mitochondrial calcium uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential in cells treated with thapsigargin. Our results suggest that impairment of mitochondrial calcium uptake might contribute to the neurodegeneration of long corticospinal axons and the pathophysiology of Troyer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh C. Joshi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna C. Bakowska
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Phenotyping small animals as models for the human metabolic syndrome: thermoneutrality matters. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 34 Suppl 2:S53-8. [PMID: 21151148 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is standard practice in preclinical biomedical research to house mammalian model organisms at an ambient temperature substantially below the thermoneutral zone. These experimental studies are performed using animals that are chronically challenged by mild cold stress. This condition increases food intake, metabolic rate, sympathetic activity, blood pressure and heart rate. Furthermore, this condition alters the behavioral and physiological responses to drug administration, energy restriction and overfeeding. This paper will review these observations, which must be understood in the context of phenotyping small mammals to enhance our understanding of the biology of human disease.
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Ackermann F, Zitranski N, Borth H, Buech T, Gudermann T, Boekhoff I. CaMKIIalpha interacts with multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1 in spermatozoa and prevents spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4547-57. [PMID: 19934217 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.058263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of acrosomal exocytosis, a complex process with a variety of inter-related steps, relies on the coordinated interaction of participating signaling molecules. Since the acrosome reaction resembles Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis in neurons, we investigated whether cognate neuronal binding partners of the multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1, which recruits molecules that control the initial tethering and/or docking between the acrosomal vesicle and the plasma membrane, are also expressed in spermatozoa, and whether they contribute to the regulation of acrosomal secretion. We observed that CaMKIIalpha colocalizes with MUPP1 in the acrosomal region of epididymal spermatozoa where the kinase selectively binds to a region encompassing PDZ domains 10-11 of MUPP1. Furthermore, we found that pre-treating mouse spermatozoa with a CaMKII inhibitor that directly blocks the catalytic region of the kinase, as well as a competitive displacement of CaMKIIalpha from PDZ domains 10-11, led to a significant increase in spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis. Since Ca(2+)-calmodulin releases CaMKIIalpha from the PDZ scaffolding protein, MUPP1 represents a central signaling platform to dynamically regulate the assembly and disassembly of binding partners pertinent to acrosomal secretion, thereby precisely adjusting an increase in Ca(2+) to synchronized fusion pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ackermann
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vanderheyden V, Devogelaere B, Missiaen L, De Smedt H, Bultynck G, Parys JB. Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release by reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:959-70. [PMID: 19133301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) is a universal intracellular Ca2+-release channel. It is activated after cell stimulation and plays a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of the complex spatio-temporal Ca2+ signals that control cellular processes as different as fertilization, cell division, cell migration, differentiation, metabolism, muscle contraction, secretion, neuronal processing, and ultimately cell death. To achieve these various functions, often in a single cell, exquisite control of the Ca2+ release is needed. This review aims to highlight how protein kinases and protein phosphatases can interact with the IP3R or with associated proteins and so provide a large potential for fine tuning the Ca2+-release activity and for creating efficient Ca2+ signals in subcellular microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Vanderheyden
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N1-K. U. Leuven, Herestraat 49-Bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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van Bilsen M, van Nieuwenhoven FA, van der Vusse GJ. Metabolic remodelling of the failing heart: beneficial or detrimental? Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:420-8. [PMID: 18854380 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The failing heart is characterized by alterations in energy metabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduction in fatty acid (FA) oxidation rate, which is partially compensated by an increase in glucose utilization. Together, these changes lead to an impaired capacity to convert chemical energy into mechanical work. This has led to the concept that supporting cardiac energy conversion through metabolic interventions provides an important adjuvant therapy for heart failure. The potential success of such a therapy depends on whether the shift from FA towards glucose utilization should be considered beneficial or detrimental, a question still incompletely resolved. In this review, the current status of the literature is evaluated and possible causes of observed discrepancies are discussed. It is cautiously concluded that for the failing heart, from a therapeutic point of view, it is preferable to further stimulate glucose oxidation rather than to normalize substrate metabolism by stimulating FA utilization. Whether this also applies to the pre-stages of cardiac failure remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Mailloux RJ, Darwich R, Lemire J, Appanna V. The monitoring of nucleotide diphosphate kinase activity by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1484-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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