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Han D, Sun W, Clark KP, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Investigation of the role of von Willebrand factor in shear-induced platelet activation and functional alteration under high non-physiological shear stress. Artif Organs 2024; 48:514-524. [PMID: 38112069 PMCID: PMC11023789 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays a crucial role in physiological hemostasis through platelet and subendothelial collagen adhesion. However, its role in shear-induced platelet activation and functional alteration under non-physiological conditions common to blood-contacting medical devices (BCMDs) is not well investigated. METHODS Fresh healthy human blood was treated with an anti-vWF antibody to block vWF-GPIbα interaction. Untreated blood was used as a control. They were exposed to three levels of non-physiological shear stress (NPSS) (75, 125, and 175 Pa) through a shearing device with an exposure time of 0.5 s to mimic typical shear conditions in BCMDs. Flow cytometric assays were used to measure the expression levels of PAC-1 and P-Selectin and platelet aggregates for platelet activation and the expression levels of GPIbα, GPIIb/IIIa, and GPVI for receptor shedding. Collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation capacity was characterized by aggregometry. RESULTS The levels of platelet activation and aggregates increased with increasing NPSS in the untreated blood. More receptors were lost with increasing NPSS, resulting in a decreased capacity of collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. In contrast, the increase in platelet activation and aggregates after exposure to NPSS, even at the highest level of NPSS, was significantly lower in treated blood. Nevertheless, there was no notable difference in receptor shedding, especially for GPIIb/IIIa and GPVI, between the two blood groups at the same level of NPSS. The block of vWF exacerbated the decreased capacity of collagen/ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS High NPSS activates platelets mainly by enhancing the vWF-GPIbα interaction. Platelet activation and receptor shedding induced by high NPSS likely occur through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenji Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kiersten P Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhongjun J Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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2
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Li M, Wang P, Zou Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signals are implicated in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15625. [PMID: 37180910 PMCID: PMC10172877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate numerous biochemical reactions and functions through covalent attachment to proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination account for over 90% of all reported post-translational modifications. As one of the tyrosine protein kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) plays crucial roles in many pathophysiological processes and affects the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. SYK is expressed in tissues outside the hematopoietic system, especially the heart, and is involved in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke and others. Knowledge on the role of SYK in the progress of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases is accumulating, and many related mechanisms have been discovered and validated. This review summarizes the role of SYK in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical research targeting SYK as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zainal Abidin NA, Timofeeva M, Szydzik C, Akbaridoust F, Lav C, Marusic I, Mitchell A, Hamilton JR, Ooi AS, Nesbitt WS. A microfluidic method to investigate platelet mechanotransduction under extensional strain. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100037. [PMID: 36846647 PMCID: PMC9944983 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood platelets have evolved a complex mechanotransduction machinery to rapidly respond to hemodynamic conditions. A variety of microfluidic flow-based approaches have been developed to explore platelet mechanotransduction; however, these experimental models primarily focus on the effects of increased wall shear stress on platelet adhesion events and do not consider the critical effects of extensional strain on platelet activation in free flow. Objectives We report the development and application of a hyperbolic microfluidic assay that allows for investigation of platelet mechanotransduction under quasi-homogenous extensional strain rates in the absence of surface adhesions. Methods Using a combined computational fluid dynamic and experimental microfluidic approach, we explore 5 extensional strain regimes (geometries) and their effect on platelet calcium signal transduction. Results We demonstrate that in the absence of canonical adhesion, receptor engagement platelets are highly sensitive to both initial increase and subsequent decrease in extensional strain rates within the range of 747 to 3319/s. Furthermore, we demonstrate that platelets rapidly respond to the rate of change in extensional strain and define a threshold of ≥7.33 × 106/s/m, with an optimal range of 9.21 × 107 to 1.32 × 108/s/m. In addition, we demonstrate a key role of both the actin-based cytoskeleton and annular microtubules in the modulation of extensional strain-mediated platelet mechanotransduction. Conclusion This method opens a window onto a novel platelet signal transduction mechanism and may have potential diagnostic utility in the identification of patients who are prone to thromboembolic complications associated with high-grade arterial stenosis or are on mechanical circulatory support systems, for which the extensional strain rate is a predominant hemodynamic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul A. Zainal Abidin
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariia Timofeeva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Crispin Szydzik
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farzan Akbaridoust
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chitrarth Lav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Scuderia AlphaTauri F1, Bicester, UK
| | - Ivan Marusic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin R. Hamilton
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S.H. Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warwick S. Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence Warwick S. Nesbitt, The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Dupuy A, Ju LA, Chiu J, Passam FH. Mechano-Redox Control of Integrins in Thromboinflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1072-1093. [PMID: 35044225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: How mechanical forces and biochemical cues are coupled remains a miracle for many biological processes. Integrins, well-known adhesion receptors, sense changes in mechanical forces and reduction-oxidation reactions (redox) in their environment to mediate their adhesive function. The coupling of mechanical and redox function is a new area of investigation. Disturbance of normal mechanical forces and the redox balance occurs in thromboinflammatory conditions; atherosclerotic plaques create changes to the mechanical forces in the circulation. Diabetes induces redox changes in the circulation by the production of reactive oxygen species and vascular inflammation. Recent Advances: Integrins sense changes in the blood flow shear stress at the level of focal adhesions and respond to flow and traction forces by increased signaling. Talin, the integrin-actin linker, is a traction force sensor and adaptor. Oxidation and reduction of integrin disulfide bonds regulate their adhesion. A conserved disulfide bond in integrin αlpha IIb beta 3 (αIIbβ3) is directly reduced by the thiol oxidoreductase endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 (ERp5) under shear stress. Critical Issues: The coordination of mechano-redox events between the extracellular and intracellular compartments is an active area of investigation. Another fundamental issue is to determine the spatiotemporal arrangement of key regulators of integrins' mechanical and redox interactions. How thromboinflammatory conditions lead to mechanoredox uncoupling is relatively unexplored. Future Directions: Integrated approaches, involving disulfide bond biochemistry, microfluidic assays, and dynamic force spectroscopy, will aid in showing that cell adhesion constitutes a crossroad of mechano- and redox biology, within the same molecule, the integrin. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1072-1093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dupuy
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
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5
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Su S, Ling Y, Fang Y, Wu J. Force-enhanced biophysical connectivity of platelet β3 integrin signaling through Talin is predicted by steered molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4605. [PMID: 35301368 PMCID: PMC8931153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet β3-integrin signaling through Talin is crucial in platelet transmembrane signaling, activation, adhesion, spreading and aggregation, and remains unclear in mechano-microenvironments. In order to examine Talin-β3 integrin biophysical connectivity, a series of “ramp-clamp” steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were performed on complex of F3 domain of Talin and cytoplasmic tail of β3 integrin to imitate different force-loads in platelet. Pull-induced allostery of the hydrophobic pocket in F3 domain might markedly enhance complex rupture-force (> 150pN) and slow down breakage of the complex; the complex should mechano-stable for its conformational conservation under loads (≤ 80pN); increasing force below 60pN would decrease the complex dissociation probability, and force-induced extension of β5 strand on Talin and binding site residues, ASP740 and ALA742 as well as Asn744, on β3-integrin were responsible for the force-enhanced linkage of the Talin-β3 integrin. Force might enhance biophysical connectivity of β3-integrin signaling through Talin by a catch bond mechanism, which be mediated by the force-induced allostery of complex at clamped stage. This work provides a novel insight into the force-regulated transmembrane β3-integrin signaling and its molecular basis for platelet activation, and exhibited a potential power of the present computer strategy in predicting mechanical regulation on ligand-receptor interaction under loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixiu Su
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingchen Ling
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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6
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Roka-Moiia Y, Ammann KR, Miller-Gutierrez S, Sweedo A, Palomares D, Italiano J, Sheriff J, Bluestein D, Slepian MJ. Shear-mediated platelet activation in the free flow II: Evolving mechanobiological mechanisms reveal an identifiable signature of activation and a bi-directional platelet dyscrasia with thrombotic and bleeding features. J Biomech 2021; 123:110415. [PMID: 34052772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Shear-mediated platelet activation (SMPA) in the "free flow" is the net result of a range of cell mechanobiological mechanisms. Previously, we outlined three main groups of mechanisms including: 1) mechano-destruction - i.e. additive platelet (membrane) damage; 2) mechano-activation - i.e. activation of shear-sensitive ion channels and pores; and 3) mechano-transduction - i.e. "outside-in" signaling via a range of transducers. Here, we report on recent advances since our original report which describes additional features of SMPA. A clear "signature" of SMPA has been defined, allowing differentiation from biochemically-mediated activation. Notably, SMPA is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, platelet membrane eversion, externalization of anionic phospholipids, and increased thrombin generation on the platelet surface. However, SMPA does not lead to integrin αIIbβ3 activation or P-selectin exposure due to platelet degranulation, as is commonly observed in biochemical activation. Rather, downregulation of GPIb, αIIbβ3, and P-selectin surface expression is evident. Furthermore, SMPA is accompanied by a decrease in overall platelet size coupled with a concomitant, progressive increase in microparticle generation. Shear-ejected microparticles are highly enriched in GPIb and αIIbβ3. These observations indicate the enhanced diffusion, migration, or otherwise dispersion of platelet adhesion receptors to membrane zones, which are ultimately shed as receptor-rich PDMPs. The pathophysiological consequence of this progressive shear accumulation phenomenon is an associated dyscrasia of remaining platelets - being both reduced in size and less activatable via biochemical means - a tendency to favor bleeding, while concomitantly shed microparticles are highly prothrombotic and increase the tendency for thrombosis in both local and systemic milieu. These mechanisms and observations offer direct clinical utility in allowing measurement and guidance of the net balance of platelet driven events in patients with implanted cardiovascular therapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Roka-Moiia
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kaitlyn R Ammann
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Samuel Miller-Gutierrez
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Alice Sweedo
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Palomares
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Joseph Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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7
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Kim J, Lee J, Jang J, Ye F, Hong SJ, Petrich BG, Ulmer TS, Kim C. Topological Adaptation of Transmembrane Domains to the Force-Modulated Lipid Bilayer Is a Basis of Sensing Mechanical Force. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1614-1625.e5. [PMID: 32169208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cells can sense and respond to various mechanical stimuli from their surrounding environment. One of the explanations for mechanosensitivity, a lipid-bilayer model, suggests that a stretch of the membrane induced by mechanical force alters the physical state of the lipid bilayer, driving mechanosensors to assume conformations better matched to the altered membrane. However, mechanosensors of this class are restricted to ion channels. Here, we reveal that integrin αIIbβ3, a prototypic adhesion receptor, can be activated by various mechanical stimuli including stretch, shear stress, and osmotic pressure. The force-induced integrin activation was not dependent on its known intracellular activation signaling events and was even observed in reconstituted cell-free liposomes. Instead, these mechanical stimuli were found to alter the lipid embedding of the integrin β3 transmembrane domain (TMD) and subsequently weaken the αIIb-β3 TMD interaction, which results in activation of the receptor. Moreover, artificial modulation of the membrane curvature near integrin αIIbβ3 can induce its activation in cells as well as in lipid nanodiscs, suggesting that physical deformation of the lipid bilayer, either by mechanical force or curvature, can induce integrin activation. Thus, our results establish the adhesion receptor as a bona fide mechanosensor that directly senses and responds to the force-modulated lipid environment. Furthermore, this study expands the lipid-bilayer model by suggesting that the force-induced topological change of TMDs and subsequent alteration in the TMD interactome is a molecular basis of sensing mechanical force transmitted via the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonha Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tobias S Ulmer
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Leu33Pro (PlA) polymorphism of integrin beta3 modulates platelet Src pY418 and focal adhesion kinase pY397 phosphorylation in response to abnormally high shear stress. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:488-495. [PMID: 29965811 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shear stress can activate platelet integrin-mediated signaling that leads to shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) and eventually contribute to acute myocardial infarction. The major platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is polymorphic at residue 33 [Leu33Pro (PlA) polymorphism]. The Pro33 isoform has been shown to have a prothrombotic phenotype. In this work, we studied the impact of Leu33/Pro33 polymorphism on the shear-induced integrin-mediated Src and FAK activation in platelets. METHODS Platelets of both genotypes were placed on immobilized fibrinogen or heat activated BSA and were exposed to physiological (500/s) or abnormally high (5000/s) shear rates for 2-10 min. Platelets after exposure to shear were analysed for Src pY418 and FAK pY397 activities. RESULTS Whereas physiological shear stress does not affect platelet signaling, abnormally high-shear stress considerably elevates Src and FAK phosphorylation in both Pro33 and Leu33 platelets. Both under static and flow conditions, Pro33 platelets exhibited a significantly higher Src and FAK activities than Leu33 platelets. Interestingly, even in the absence of the αIIbβ3-fibrinogen interaction, we could detect a shear-induced integrin-mediated signaling of Src and FAK in platelets. In parallel experiments in which platelets were pretreated with abciximab, an integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist, activation of both kinases by shear was inhibited. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data indicates an important role of αIIbβ3 and shows that Leu33Pro polymorphism modulates the integrin-mediated Src and FAK signaling in platelets in response to shear stress.
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9
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Chen Z, Mondal NK, Zheng S, Koenig SC, Slaughter MS, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. High shear induces platelet dysfunction leading to enhanced thrombotic propensity and diminished hemostatic capacity. Platelets 2017; 30:112-119. [PMID: 29182470 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1384542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis and bleeding are devastating adverse events in patients supported with blood-contacting medical devices (BCMDs). In this study, we delineated that high non-physiological shear stress (NPSS) caused platelet dysfunction that may contribute to both thrombosis and bleeding. Human blood was subjected to NPSS with short exposure time. Levels of platelet surface GPIbα and GPVI receptors as well as activation level of GPIIb/IIIa in NPSS-sheared blood were examined with flow cytometry. Adhesion of sheared platelets on fibrinogen, von Willibrand factor (VWF), and collagen was quantified with fluorescent microscopy. Ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was characterized by aggregometry. NPSS activated platelets in a shear and exposure time-dependent manner. The number of activated platelets increased with increasing levels of NPSS and exposure time, which corresponded well with increased adhesion of sheared platelets on fibrinogen. Concurrently, NPSS caused shedding of GPIbα and GPVI in a manner dependent on shear and exposure time. The loss of intact GPIbα and GPVI increased with increasing levels of NPSS and exposure time. The number of platelets adhered on VWF and collagen decreased with increasing levels of NPSS and exposure time, respectively. The decrease in the number of platelets adhered on VWF and collagen corresponded well with the loss in GPIbα and GPVI on platelet surface. Both ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in sheared blood decreased with increasing levels of NPSS and exposure time. The study clearly demonstrated that high NPSS causes simultaneous platelet activation and receptor shedding, resulting in a paradoxical effect on platelet function via two distinct mechanisms. The results from the study suggested that the NPSS could induce the concurrent propensity for both thrombosis and bleeding in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Chen
- a Department of Surgery , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Nandan K Mondal
- b Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Shirong Zheng
- b Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Steven C Koenig
- b Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.,c Department of Bioengineering , Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Mark S Slaughter
- b Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery , School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- a Department of Surgery , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Zhongjun J Wu
- a Department of Surgery , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Fischell Department of Bioengineering , A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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10
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Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 is a highly abundant heterodimeric platelet receptor that can transmit information bidirectionally across the plasma membrane, and plays a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Upon platelet activation, inside-out signaling pathways increase the affinity of αIIbβ3 for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding and integrin clustering subsequently stimulate outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events driving essential platelet processes such as spreading, thrombus consolidation, and clot retraction. Integrin αIIbβ3 has served as an excellent model for the study of integrin biology, and it has become clear that integrin outside-in signaling is highly complex and involves a vast array of enzymes, signaling adaptors, and cytoskeletal components. In this review, we provide a concise but comprehensive overview of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, focusing on the key players involved, and how they cooperate to orchestrate this critical aspect of platelet biology. We also discuss gaps in the current understanding of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and highlight avenues for future investigation.
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11
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Impact of shear stress on Src and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation in fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2017; 28:279-285. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gelmedin V, Morel M, Hahnel S, Cailliau K, Dissous C, Grevelding CG. Evidence for Integrin - Venus Kinase Receptor 1 Alliance in the Ovary of Schistosoma mansoni Females Controlling Cell Survival. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006147. [PMID: 28114363 PMCID: PMC5289644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoan integrin signaling is an important process of mediating extracellular and intracellular communication processes. This can be achieved by cooperation of integrins with growth factor receptors (GFRs). Schistosoma mansoni is a helminth parasite inducing schistosomiasis, an infectious disease of worldwide significance for humans and animals. First studies on schistosome integrins revealed their role in reproductive processes, being involved in spermatogenesis and oogenesis. With respect to the roles of eggs for maintaining the parasite´s life cycle and for inducing the pathology of schistosomiasis, elucidating reproductive processes is of high importance. Here we studied the interaction of the integrin receptor Smβ-Int1 with the venus kinase receptor SmVKR1 in S. mansoni. To this end we cloned and characterized SmILK, SmPINCH, and SmNck2, three putative bridging molecules for their role in mediating Smβ-Int1/SmVKR1 cooperation. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these molecules form clusters that are specific for parasitic platyhelminths as it was shown for integrins before. Transcripts of all genes colocalized in the ovary. In Xenopus oocytes germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was only induced if all members were simultaneously expressed. Coimmunoprecipitation results suggest that a Smβ-Int1-SmILK-SmPINCH-SmNck2-SmVKR1 complex can be formed leading to the phosphorylation and activation of SmVKR1. These results indicate that SmVKR1 can be activated in a ligand-independent manner by receptor-complex interaction. RNAi and inhibitor studies to knock-down SmILK as a representative complex member concurrently revealed effects on the extracellular matrix surrounding the ovary and oocyte localization within the ovary, oocyte survival, and egg production. By TUNEL assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Caspase-3 assay, and transcript profiling of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members BAK/BAX we obtained first evidence for roles of this signaling complex in mediating cell death in immature and primary oocytes. These results suggest that the Smβ-Int1/SmVKR1 signaling complex is important for differentiation and survival in oocytes of paired schistosomes. Parasites of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a life-threatening infectious disease for humans and animals worldwide. Among the remarkable biological features of schistosomes is the differentiation of the female gonads which is controlled by pairing with the male and a prerequisite for egg production. Eggs, however, are not only important for the maintenance of the life-cycle; they also cause the pathological consequences of schistosomiasis. Part of the eggs gets trapped in host tissues such as liver and spleen and trigger inflammatory processes, finally leading to liver cirrhosis. Research activities of the last decade have indicated that different families of cellular and receptor-type kinases but also integrins contribute to the control of mitogenic activity and differentiation the female goands. In this context an unusual class of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been identified, the venus kinase receptors (SmVKRs). By biochemical and molecular approaches we demonstrate that SmVKR1 activation can be achieved by cooperation with a signaling complex consisting of the beta integrin receptor Smβ-Int1 and the bridging molecules SmILK, SmPINCH, SmNck2. Besides unravelling a novel way of SmVKR1 activation, we provide evidence that this complex controls the differentiation status of oocytes by regulating cell death-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gelmedin
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marion Morel
- CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Inserm U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Steffen Hahnel
- Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katia Cailliau
- UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Colette Dissous
- CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Inserm U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, University Lille, Lille, France
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The FasX Small Regulatory RNA Negatively Regulates the Expression of Two Fibronectin-Binding Proteins in Group A Streptococcus. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:3720-30. [PMID: 26391206 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00530-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) causes more than 700 million human infections each year. The success of this pathogen can be traced in part to the extensive arsenal of virulence factors that are available for expression in temporally and spatially specific manners. To modify the expression of these virulence factors, GAS use both protein- and RNA-based regulators, with the best-characterized RNA-based regulator being the small regulatory RNA (sRNA) FasX. FasX is a 205-nucleotide sRNA that contributes to GAS virulence by enhancing the expression of the thrombolytic secreted virulence factor streptokinase and by repressing the expression of the collagen-binding cell surface pili. Here, we have expanded the FasX regulon, showing that this sRNA also negatively regulates the expression of the adhesion- and internalization-promoting, fibronectin-binding proteins PrtF1 and PrtF2. FasX posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of PrtF1/2 through a mechanism that involves base pairing to the prtF1 and prtF2 mRNAs within their 5' untranslated regions, overlapping the mRNA ribosome-binding sites. Thus, duplex formation between FasX and the prtF1 and prtF2 mRNAs blocks ribosome access, leading to an inhibition of mRNA translation. Given that FasX positively regulates the expression of the spreading factor streptokinase and negatively regulates the expression of the collagen-binding pili and of the fibronectin-binding PrtF1/2, our data are consistent with FasX functioning as a molecular switch that governs the transition of GAS between the colonization and dissemination stages of infection. IMPORTANCE More than half a million deaths each year are a consequence of infections caused by GAS. Insights into how this pathogen regulates the production of proteins during infection may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic or preventative regimens aimed at inhibiting this activity. Here, we have expanded insight into the regulatory activity of the GAS small RNA FasX. In addition to identifying that FasX reduces the abundance of the cell surface-located fibronectin-binding proteins PrtF1/2, fibronectin is present in high abundance in human tissues, and we have determined the mechanism behind this regulation. Importantly, as FasX is the only mechanistically characterized regulatory RNA in GAS, it serves as a model RNA in this and related pathogens.
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14
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Mitchell RN. Learning from rejection: What transplantation teaches us about (other) vascular pathologies. J Autoimmun 2013; 45:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Lu Q, Hofferbert BV, Koo G, Malinauskas RA. In vitro shear stress-induced platelet activation: sensitivity of human and bovine blood. Artif Organs 2013; 37:894-903. [PMID: 23738621 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As platelet activation plays a critical role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, it is important in the overall hemocompatibility evaluation of new medical devices and biomaterials to assess their effects on platelet function. However, there are currently no widely accepted in vitro test methods to perform this assessment. In an effort to develop effective platelet tests for potential use in medical device evaluation, this study compared the sensitivity of platelet responses to shear stress stimulation of human and bovine blood using multiple platelet activation markers. Fresh whole blood samples anticoagulated with heparin or anticoagulant citrate dextrose, solution A (ACDA) were exposed to shear stresses up to 40 Pa for 2 min using a cone-and-plate rheometer model. Platelet activation was characterized by platelet counts, platelet surface P-selectin expression, and serotonin release into blood plasma. The results indicated that exposure to shear stresses above 20 Pa caused significant changes in all three of the platelet markers for human blood and that the changes were usually greater with ACDA anticoagulation than with heparin. In contrast, for bovine blood, the markers did not change with shear stress stimulation except for plasma serotonin in heparin anticoagulated blood. The differences observed between human and bovine platelet responses suggest that the value of using bovine blood for in vitro platelet testing to evaluate devices may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Lu
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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16
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Tran R, Myers DR, Ciciliano J, Trybus Hardy EL, Sakurai Y, Ahn B, Qiu Y, Mannino RG, Fay ME, Lam WA. Biomechanics of haemostasis and thrombosis in health and disease: from the macro- to molecular scale. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:579-96. [PMID: 23490277 PMCID: PMC3822810 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the processes of haemostasis and thrombosis have been studied extensively in the past several decades, much of the effort has been spent characterizing the biological and biochemical aspects of clotting. More recently, researchers have discovered that the function and physiology of blood cells and plasma proteins relevant in haematologic processes are mechanically, as well as biologically, regulated. This is not entirely surprising considering the extremely dynamic fluidic environment that these blood components exist in. Other cells in the body such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been found to biologically respond to their physical and mechanical environments, affecting aspects of cellular physiology as diverse as cytoskeletal architecture to gene expression to alterations of vital signalling pathways. In the circulation, blood cells and plasma proteins are constantly exposed to forces while they, in turn, also exert forces to regulate clot formation. These mechanical factors lead to biochemical and biomechanical changes on the macro- to molecular scale. Likewise, biochemical and biomechanical alterations in the microenvironment can ultimately impact the mechanical regulation of clot formation. The ways in which these factors all balance each other can be the difference between haemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we review how the biomechanics of blood cells intimately interact with the cellular and molecular biology to regulate haemostasis and thrombosis in the context of health and disease from the macro- to molecular scale. We will also show how these biomechanical forces in the context of haemostasis and thrombosis have been replicated or measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David R Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elaissa L Trybus Hardy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byungwook Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Fuster V, Bhatt DL, Califf RM, Michelson AD, Sabatine MS, Angiolillo DJ, Bates ER, Cohen DJ, Coller BS, Furie B, Hulot JS, Mann KG, Mega JL, Musunuru K, O'Donnell CJ, Price MJ, Schneider DJ, Simon DI, Weitz JI, Williams MS, Hoots WK, Rosenberg YD, Hasan AAK. Guided antithrombotic therapy: current status and future research direction: report on a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute working group. Circulation 2012; 126:1645-62. [PMID: 23008471 PMCID: PMC4086864 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Fuster
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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18
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Rowley JW, Finn AV, French PA, Jennings LK, Bluestein D, Gross PL, Freedman JE, Steinhubl SR, Zimmerman GA, Becker RC, Dauerman HL, Smyth SS. Cardiovascular devices and platelet interactions: understanding the role of injury, flow, and cellular responses. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:296-304. [PMID: 22511738 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.111.965426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
The invited special lecture at the 76(th) Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society focused on the central role of inflammation in vascular injury and repair. Early studies pioneered the concept that mechanical injury, such as balloon angioplasty and endovascular stent deployment, elicits an inflammatory response from the vessel wall. This hypothesis was developed and substantiated at a time when the prevailing dogma viewed restenosis following angioplasty as a primarily proliferative smooth muscle cell disease. Antibody targeting of Mac-1 reduced leukocyte accumulation and limited neointimal formation following balloon injury or stent implantation. Genetic absence of Mac-1 resulted in diminished leukocyte accumulation and neointimal thickening after carotid artery injury in mice. In the course of those studies, our laboratory made fundamental discoveries regarding the mechanism of leukocyte recruitment at sites of vascular injury and identified platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, a component of the GPIb-IX-V complex, as the previously unknown platelet counter-receptor for Mac-1. Follow-on studies have focused extensively on the structure, function, and signaling of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. The binding site for GPIbα in Mac-1 has been mapped and subsequently showed that leukocyte engagement of platelet GPIbα via Mac-1 is critical not only for the biological response to vascular injury, but also for thrombosis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and multiple sclerosis, thereby advancing the hypothesis that virtually all inflammation is platelet-dependent. Furthermore, ligand engagement of Mac-1 initiates a novel gene program that promotes inflammation by activating NFκB and downregulating the expression of the forkhead transcription factor Foxp1 that controls monocyte differentiation. Small molecule inhibitors of Mac-1 function have been pursued, including targeting of Mac-1-GPIbα binding or the downstream tyrosine kinase spleen tyrosine kinase. Drs Teruo Inoue, Koichi Node, Tatsuya Fukotomi, Masashi Sakuma, Toshifumi Morooka, and Kohsuke Nakajima, valued Japanese collaborators and post-doctoral fellows, have contributed enormously to these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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20
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Thiele T, Iuga C, Janetzky S, Schwertz H, Gesell Salazar M, Fürll B, Völker U, Greinacher A, Steil L. Early storage lesions in apheresis platelets are induced by the activation of the integrin αIIbβ₃ and focal adhesion signaling pathways. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.:297-315. [PMID: 22634086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Production and storage of platelet concentrates (PC) induce protein changes in platelets leading to impaired platelet function. This study aimed to identify signaling pathways involved in the development of early platelet storage lesions in apheresis-PCs stored in plasma or additive solution (PAS). Apheresis-PCs from four donors were stored in plasma or in PAS at 22°C (n=4 each). Platelets were analyzed at day 0 (production day) and after 1, 6 and 9 days of storage. Platelet response to agonists (TRAP, collagen, ADP) and to hypotonic shock decreased, CD62P expression increased in both storage media over time. Using DIGE 1550 protein spots were monitored and compared to baseline values at day 0. Platelets in plasma displayed changes in 352 spots (166/day 1, 263/day 6 and 201/day 9); in PAS 325 spots changed (202/day 1, 221/day 6, 200/day 9). LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of 405 platelet proteins revealed 32 proteins changed during storage in plasma (9/day 1, 15/day 6 and 26/day 9) and 28 in PAS (5/day 1, 20/day 6, 26/day 9). Ingenuity pathway analysis found integrin-αII(b)β(3) and focal adhesion signaling pathways involved in early alterations, being confirmed by Western blotting. Corresponding mRNAs in platelets were identified by next generation sequencing for 84 changed proteins. Integrin-αII(b)β(3) and focal adhesion signaling cause irreversible early storage lesions in apheresis platelets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Integrated omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Although current antiplatelet therapies provide potent antithrombotic effects, their efficacy is limited by a heightened risk of bleeding and failure to affect vascular remodeling after injury. New lines of research suggest that thrombosis and hemorrhage may be uncoupled at the interface of pathways controlling thrombosis and inflammation. Here, as one remarkable example, studies using a novel and highly selective pharmacologic inhibitor of the spleen tyrosine kinase Syk [PRT060318; 2-((1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino)-4-(m-tolylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide] coupled with genetic experiments, demonstrate that Syk inhibition ameliorates both the acute and chronic responses to vascular injury without affecting hemostasis. Specifically, lack of Syk (murine radiation chimeras) attenuated shear-induced thrombus formation ex vivo, and PRT060318 strongly inhibited arterial thrombosis in vivo in multiple animal species while having minimal impact on bleeding. Furthermore, leukocyte-platelet-dependent responses to vascular injury, including inflammatory cell recruitment and neointima formation, were markedly inhibited by PRT060318. Thus, Syk controls acute and long-term responses to arterial vascular injury. The therapeutic potential of Syk may be exemplary of a new class of antiatherothrombotic agents that target the interface between thrombosis and inflammation.
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Kraemer BF, Schmidt C, Urban B, Bigalke B, Schwanitz L, Koch M, Seizer P, Schaller M, Gawaz M, Lindemann S. High shear flow induces migration of adherent human platelets. Platelets 2011; 22:415-21. [PMID: 21413844 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.556277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Shear forces are generated in all parts of the vascular system and contribute directly and indirectly to vascular disease progression. Endothelial cells are able to adapt to flow conditions, and are known to polarize and migrate in response to shear forces. Platelets exposed to shear stress are activated and release bioactive molecules from their alpha granules. So far, platelets have been considered to be static cells that do not leave the site of tight adhesion. However, we have recently been able to demonstrate the capacity of platelets to migrate in response to stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1). In this project, we have demonstrated that platelets accumulate in areas with a high concentration of SDF-1 under flow conditions and respond to high shear stress by cellular polarization, cytoskeletal reorganisation, and flow-directed migration. In this context, we have shown increased Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) phosphorylation and intracellular redistribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) under high-shear stress conditions. The effect of flow-induced platelet migration has not previously been recognized and offers a new role for platelets as mobile cells. Their migratory potential may enable platelets to cover intimal lesions and contribute to vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern F Kraemer
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Medizinische Klinik III für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Alexandru N, Popov D, Dragan E, Andrei E, Georgescu A. Platelet activation in hypertension associated with hypercholesterolemia: effects of irbesartan. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:173-84. [PMID: 20961397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on platelet activation, nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress, and to evaluate the role of irbesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. METHODS Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups: controls, C (fed a standard diet); hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic, HH (fed a diet enriched in 3% cholesterol, 15% butter and 8% NaCl, for 4 months); and hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic treated with irbesartan, HHI (fed as HH group, plus irbesartan 10 mg kg(-1) per day, for 4 months). RESULTS Compared with the C group, platelets isolated from the HH group showed: morphological modifications; increased integrin β3 exposure and protein expression of P-selectin, FAK, PI3K, Akt and Src; reduced eNOS protein expression and NO production; higher generation of ROS, mostly produced by NADPH-oxidase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase; and enhanced NAD(P)H oxidase activity and protein expression of gp91phox and p22phox subunits, 12-lipoxygenase, COX-1, cPLA(2) and PKC. Compared with the HH group, the treatment with irbesartan (HHI group) significantly attenuates the changes in all the molecules tested, reduces platelet aggregation, and improves intraplatelet redox balance. CONCLUSIONS Experimental hypertension associated with hypercholesterolemia produces major changes in morphology, signaling mechanisms and oxidative stress in blood platelets. These changes were significantly diminished by irbesartan administration, which functions as an antioxidant on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alexandru
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology- Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, Romania.
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24
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Abstract
Many different biochemical signaling pathways regulate integrin activation through the integrin cytoplasmic tail. Here, we describe a new role for α-actinin in inside-out integrin activation. In resting human platelets, α-actinin was associated with αIIbβ3, whereas inside-out signaling (αIIbβ3 activation signals) from protease-activated receptors (PARs) dephosphorylated and dissociated α-actinin from αIIbβ3. We evaluated the time-dependent changes of the αIIbβ3 activation state by measuring PAC-1 binding velocity. The initial velocity analysis clearly showed that PAR1-activating peptide stimulation induced only transient αIIbβ3 activation, whereas PAR4-activating peptide induced long-lasting αIIbβ3 activation. When αIIbβ3 activation signaling dwindled, α-actinin became rephosphorylated and reassociated with αIIbβ3. Compared with control platelets, the dissociation of α-actinin from αIIbβ3 was only transient in PAR4-stimulated P2Y(12)-deficient platelets in which the sustained αIIbβ3 activation was markedly impaired. Overexpression of wild-type α-actinin, but not the mutant Y12F α-actinin, increased its binding to αIIbβ3 and inhibited PAR1-induced initial αIIbβ3 activation in the human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMK. In contrast, knockdown of α-actinin augmented PAR-induced αIIbβ3 activation in CMK. These observations suggest that α-actinin might play a potential role in setting integrins to a default low-affinity ligand-binding state in resting platelets and regulating αIIbβ3 activation by inside-out signaling.
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26
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Neutrophil adhesion on endothelial cells in a novel asymmetric stenosis model: effect of wall shear stress gradients. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:2791-804. [PMID: 20387119 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes play a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis. A novel three-dimensional in vitro asymmetric stenosis model was used to better investigate the role of local hemodynamics in the adhesion of leukocytes to an established plaque. The adhesion of a human promyelocytic cell line (NB4) on a human abdominal aortic endothelial cell (EC) monolayer was quantified. NB4 cells were circulated over TNF-alpha stimulated and nonstimulated ECs for 1 or 6 h at 1.25 or 6.25 dynes/cm(2) and compared to static conditions. Cytokine stimulation increased significantly EC expression of intercellular adhesion molecule and vascular cell adhesion molecule. Under static conditions, neutrophils adhered overall more than under flow, with decreased adhesion with increasing shear. Adhesion was significantly higher in the recirculation region distal to the stenosis than in the inlet. Preshearing the ECs decreased the expression of cell adhesion molecules in inflamed endothelium and significantly decreased adhesion. However, the ratio of adhesion between the recirculation zone and the inlet increased, hence exhibiting an increased regional difference. This work suggests an important role for neutrophil-EC interactions in the atherosclerotic process, especially in wall shear stress gradient regions. This is important clinically, potentially helping to explain plaque stability.
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27
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Abstract
Binding of platelets to fibrinogen via integrin alphaIIbbeta3 stimulates cytoskeletal reorganization and spreading. These responses depend on tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins by Src family members and Syk. Among Src substrates in platelets is adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP), an adapter with potential binding partners: SLP-76, VASP, and SKAP-HOM. During studies of platelet function under shear flow, we discovered that ADAP(-/-) mouse platelets, unlike ADAP+/+ platelets, formed unstable thrombi in response to carotid artery injury. Moreover, fibrinogen-adherent ADAP(-/-) platelets in shear flow ex vivo showed reduced spreading and smaller zones of contact with the matrix. These abnormalities were not observed under static conditions, and they could not be rescued by stimulating platelets with a PAR4 receptor agonist or by direct alphaIIbbeta3 activation with MnCl2, consistent with a defect in outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signaling. ADAP+/+ platelets subjected to shear flow assembled F-actin-rich structures that colocalized with SLP-76 and the Rac1 exchange factor, phospho-Vav1. In contrast, platelets deficient in ADAP, but not those deficient in VASP or SKAP-HOM, failed to form these structures. These results establish that ADAP is an essential component of alphaIIbbeta3-mediated platelet mechanotransduction that promotes F-actin assembly and enables platelet spreading and thrombus stabilization under fluid shear stress.
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28
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Kato A, Oshimi K. Ancient ubiquitous protein 1 and Syk link cytoplasmic tails of the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). Platelets 2009; 20:105-10. [PMID: 19235052 DOI: 10.1080/09537100802641507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is currently accepted that activity of the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) is modulated by direct interaction between its cytoplasmic tails (CTs) and association of cytoplasmic proteins with them, and disruption of the close linkage between CTs leads to activation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) (inside-out signaling). We previously reported that ancient ubiquitous protein (Aup1) binds to the membrane-proximal sequence of integrin alphaCTs that plays a pivotal role in the inside-out signaling. To explore biological function of Aup1, we examined in this study interaction of Aup1 with Src and Syk that are quickly activated in platelets before fibrinogen binding following thrombin stimulation. By immunoprecipitation assay with resting platelets, we first found that alpha(IIb)beta(3), Src, Syk, and Aup1 are constitutively complexed. In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Dot blot analysis with synthetic peptides for alpha(IIb) and beta(3) CTs, and GST-Aup1 and -Src immobilized to PVDF membrane exhibited concordant result with the GST pull-down assay. Immunoprecipitation of platelet lysates 10 seconds after thrombin stimulation, when activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk are maimum, exhibited that active Syk does not coprecipitate with Aup1. In vitro kinase assay with GST-Syk and -Aup1 proteins at the presence or absence of active Src, a potent activator of Syk, revealed that Aup1 does not directly influence activation of Syk by autophosphorylation or tyrosine phosphorylation by Src. These results indicate that Aup1 is an adaptor recruiting Syk to the alpha(IIb) CT, and suggest that the alpha(IIb) -Aup1- Syk- beta(3) complex formation links alpha(IIb) and beta(3) CTs to sustain alpha(IIb)beta(3) in an inactive state and Syk dissociates from Aup1 after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Division of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mitchell RN. Graft Vascular Disease: Immune Response Meets the Vessel Wall. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2009; 4:19-47. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.3.121806.151449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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Speich HE, Grgurevich S, Kueter TJ, Earhart AD, Slack SM, Jennings LK. Platelets undergo phosphorylation of Syk at Y525/526 and Y352 in response to pathophysiological shear stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C1045-54. [PMID: 18715989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.90644.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can lead to partial vascular occlusions that produce abnormally high levels of arterial wall shear stress. Such pathophysiological shear stress can promote shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), which has been linked to acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke. This study investigated the role of the tyrosine kinase Syk in shear-induced human platelet signaling. The extent of Syk tyrosine phosphorylation induced by pathophysiological levels of shear stress (100 dyn/cm(2)) was significantly greater than that resulting from physiological shear stress (10 dyn/cm(2)). With the use of phospho-Syk specific antibodies, these data are the first to show that key regulatory sites of Syk at tyrosines 525/526 (Y525/526) and tyrosine 352 (Y352) were phosphorylated in response to pathophysiological shear stress. Increased phosphorylation at both sites was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Syk using two different Syk inhibitors, piceatannol and 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl-methylene)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide (OXSI-2), and by inhibition of upstream Src-family kinases (SFKs). Shear-induced response at the Syk 525/526 site was ADP dependent but not contingent on glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa ligation or the generation of thromboxane (Tx) A(2). Pretreatment with Syk inhibitors not only reduced SIPA and Syk phosphorylation in isolated platelets, but also diminished, up to 50%, the platelet-mediated thrombus formation when whole blood was perfused over type-III collagen. In summary, this study demonstrated that Syk is a key molecule in both SIPA and thrombus formation under flow. Pharmacological regulation of Syk may prove efficacious in treating occlusive vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Speich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Girdhar G, Bluestein D. Biological effects of dynamic shear stress in cardiovascular pathologies and devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2008; 5:167-81. [PMID: 18331179 PMCID: PMC2865252 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Altered and highly dynamic shear stress conditions have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease, and in thromboembolic complications in prosthetic cardiovascular devices. In addition to vascular damage, the pathological flow patterns characterizing cardiovascular pathologies and blood flow in prosthetic devices induce shear activation and damage to blood constituents. Investigation of the specific and accentuated effects of such flow-induced perturbations on individual cell-types in vitro is critical for the optimization of device design, whereby specific design modifications can be made to minimize such perturbations. Such effects are also critical in understanding the development of cardiovascular disease. This review addresses limitations to replicate such dynamic flow conditions in vitro and also introduces the idea of modified in vitro devices, one of which is developed in the authors' laboratory, with dynamic capabilities to investigate the aforementioned effects in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Girdhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA.
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Abstract
As therapeutic strategies to prevent acute rejection progressively improve, transplant vasculopathy (TV) constitutes the single most important limitation for long-term functioning of solid organ allografts. In TV, allograft arteries characteristically develop severe, diffuse intimal hyperplastic lesions that eventually compromise luminal flow and cause ischemic graft failure. Traditional immunosuppressive strategies that check acute allograft rejection do not prevent TV; indeed 50% of transplant recipients will have significant disease within five years of organ transplantation, and 90% will have significant TV a decade after their surgery. TV can involve the entire length of the transplanted arterial bed, including penetrating intraorgan arterioles. Indeed, the luminal narrowing of such penetrating vessels may be the most functionally significant because arterioles represent the major contributors to tissue vascular resistance. Because of the diffuseness of TV involvement in the allograft vascular bed, the only currently definitive therapy requires re-transplantation. Nevertheless, as we better understand the pathogenesis and critical mediators of these lesions, pharmacological advances can be anticipated. Other articles in this thematic review series focus on the specifics of the inciting injury, the cytokines and chemokines that drive TV development, and the nature of the recruited cells in TV lesions, as well as the pathogenic similarities between TV and other vascular lesions such as atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the mechanisms of vascular wall remodeling in TV, including the intimal accumulation of smooth muscle-like cells and associated extracellular matrix, medial smooth muscle cell degeneration, and adventitial fibrosis. A brief overview highlights the aneurysmal changes that can accrue when vessel wall inflammation has a cytokine profile distinct from the typical proinflammatory interferon-gamma-dominated milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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