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Jose A, Fernando JJ, Kienesberger PC. Lysophosphatidic acid metabolism and signaling in heart disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38968609 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2024-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that is mainly produced by the secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX), and signals through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Extracellular LPA is degraded through lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1, LPP2, and LPP3) at the plasmamembrane, terminating LPA receptor signaling. The ATX-LPA-LPP3 pathway is critically involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell survival, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and organismal development. Similarly, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to many pathological processes, including cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes and interprets current literature examining the regulation and role of the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis in heart disease. Specifically, the contribution of altered LPA metabolism via ATX and LPP3 and resulting changes to LPA receptor signaling in obesity cardiomyopathy, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, myocardial infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and aortic valve stenosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jeffy J Fernando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
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2
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Tarannum N, Kumar D, Agrawal R, Verma Y. Selectively Imprinted β‐cyclodextrin Polymer for Colorimetric Assay of Lysophosphatidic Acid for Point of Care Detection of Ovarian Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Tarannum
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Ranu Agrawal
- Department of Applied Science SCRIET Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut 250004 India
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3
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Current Knowledge on Mammalian Phospholipase A1, Brief History, Structures, Biochemical and Pathophysiological Roles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082487. [PMID: 35458682 PMCID: PMC9031518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is an enzyme that cleaves an ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. PLA1 activities have been detected both extracellularly and intracellularly, which are well conserved in higher eukaryotes, including fish and mammals. All extracellular PLA1s belong to the lipase family. In addition to PLA1 activity, most mammalian extracellular PLA1s exhibit lipase activity to hydrolyze triacylglycerol, cleaving the fatty acid and contributing to its absorption into the intestinal tract and tissues. Some extracellular PLA1s exhibit PLA1 activities specific to phosphatidic acid (PA) or phosphatidylserine (PS) and serve to produce lysophospholipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). A high level of PLA1 activity has been detected in the cytosol fractions, where PA-PLA1/DDHD1/iPLA1 was responsible for the activity. Many homologs of PA-PLA1 and PLA2 have been shown to exhibit PLA1 activity. Although much has been learned about the pathophysiological roles of PLA1 molecules through studies of knockout mice and human genetic diseases, many questions regarding their biochemical properties, including their genuine in vivo substrate, remain elusive.
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Phospholipase A1 Member A Activates Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes through the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312685. [PMID: 34884486 PMCID: PMC8657932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) is known to regulate immune cell functions. Phospholipase A1 member A (PLA1A) can generate this bioactive lipid through hydrolysis of sn-1 fatty acids on phosphatidylserine (PS). PLA1A has been associated with cancer metastasis, asthma, as well as acute coronary syndrome. However, the functions of PLA1A in the development of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases remain elusive. To investigate the possible implication of PLA1A during rheumatic diseases, we monitored PLA1A in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and plasma of early-diagnosed arthritis (EA) patients and clinically stable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We used human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) to evaluate the PLA1A-induced biological responses. Our results highlighted that the plasma concentrations of PLA1A in EA and SLE patients were elevated compared to healthy donors. High concentrations of PLA1A were also detected in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to those from osteoarthritis (OA) and gout patients. The origin of PLA1A in FLSs and the arthritic joints remained unknown, as healthy human primary FLSs does not express the PLA1A transcript. Besides, the addition of recombinant PLA1A stimulated cultured human primary FLSs to secrete IL-8. Preincubation with heparin, autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor HA130 or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor antagonist Ki16425 reduced PLA1A-induced-secretion of IL-8. Our data suggested that FLS-associated PLA1A cleaves membrane-exposed PS into lysoPS, which is subsequently converted to LPA by ATX. Since primary FLSs do not express any lysoPS receptors, the data suggested PLA1A-mediated pro-inflammatory responses through the ATX-LPA receptor signaling axis.
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Li Q, Wong WR, Chakrabarti A, Birnberg A, Yang X, Verschueren E, Neighbors M, Rosenberger C, Grimbaldeston M, Tew GW, Sandoval W. Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid Measurement by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in COPD Patients. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1987-1997. [PMID: 33754705 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are bioactive signaling molecules derived from cell membrane glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids and are highly regulated under normal physiological conditions. Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are a class of lysophospholipids that act on G-protein-coupled receptors to exert a variety of cellular functions. Dysregulation of phospholipase activity and consequently LPA synthesis in serum have been linked to inflammation, such as seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The accurate measurement of phospholipids is critical for evaluating their dysregulation in disease. In this study, we optimized experimental parameters for the sensitive measurement of LPAs. We validated the method based on matrix, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. An investigation into sample extraction processes emphasized that the common practice of including low concentration of hydrochloric acid in the extraction buffer causes an overestimation of lipid recovery. The liquid chromatography gradient was optimized to separate various lysophospholipid classes. After optimization, detection limits of LPA were sufficiently sensitive for subsequent analysis, ranging from 2 to 8 nM. The validated workflow was applied to a cohort of healthy donor and COPD patient sera. Eight LPA species were identified, and five unique species of LPA were quantified. Most LPA species increased significantly in COPD patients compared to healthy donors. The correlation between LPAs and other demographic parameters was further investigated in a sample set of over 200 baseline patient sera from a COPD clinical trial. For the first time, LPAs other than the two most abundant and readily detectable moieties are quantified in COPD patients using validated methods, opening the door to downstream biomarker evaluation in respiratory disease.
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Öhlinger T, Müllner EW, Fritz M, Sauer T, Werning M, Baron DM, Salzer U. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced pro-thrombotic phosphatidylserine exposure and ionophore-induced microvesiculation is mediated by the scramblase TMEM16F in erythrocytes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 83:102426. [PMID: 32222693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that erythrocytes actively modulate blood clotting and thrombus formation. The lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is produced by activated platelets, and triggers a signaling process in erythrocytes. This results in cellular calcium uptake and exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface, thereby generating activated membrane binding sites for factors of the clotting cascade. Moreover, erythrocytes of patients with a bleeding disorder and mutations in the scramblase TMEM16F show impaired PS exposure and microvesiculation upon treatment with calcium ionophore. We report that TMEM16F inhibitors tannic acid (TA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibit LPA-induced PS exposure and calcium uptake at low micromolar concentrations; fluoxetine, an antidepressant and a known activator of TMEM16F, enhances these processes. These effectors likewise modulate erythrocyte PS exposure and microvesicle shedding induced by calcium ionophore treatment. Further, LPA-treated erythrocytes triggered thrombin generation in platelet-free plasma which was partially impaired in the presence of TA and EGCG. Thus, this study suggests that LPA activates the scramblase TMEM16F in erythrocytes, thereby possibly mediating a pro-thrombotic function in these cells. EGCG as well as fluoxetine, substances with potentially high plasma concentrations due to alimentation or medical treatment, should be considered as potential effectors of systemic hemostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Öhlinger
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst W Müllner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Fritz
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Sauer
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maike Werning
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Baron
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Hashimura S, Kido J, Matsuda R, Yokota M, Matsui H, Inoue-Fujiwara M, Inagaki Y, Hidaka M, Tanaka T, Tsutsumi T, Nagata T, Tokumura A. A low level of lysophosphatidic acid in human gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis due to high soluble lysophospholipase activity: Its potential protective role on alveolar bone loss by periodontitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158698. [PMID: 32179099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously detected a submicromolar concentration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in human saliva. Here, we compare LPA concentrations in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls, and examine how the local LPA levels are regulated enzymatically. The concentrations of LPA and its precursor lysophospholipids in GCF was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The LPA-producing and LPA-degrading enzymatic activities were measured by quantifying the liberated choline and free fatty acid, respectively. The concentration of LPA in GCF of periodontitis patients was lower than that of healthy controls, due to higher soluble lysophospholipase activity toward LPA. LPA was found to prevent survival of Sa3, a human gingival epithelium-derived tumor cell line, activate Sa3 through Ca2+ mobilization, and release interleukin 6 from Sa3 in vitro. Furthermore, local injection of LPA into the gingiva attenuated ligature-induced experimental alveolar bone loss induced by oral bacteria inoculation in a rat model of periodontitis in vivo. A high concentration of LPA in human GCF is necessary to maintain normal gingival epithelial integrity and function, protecting the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hashimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Junichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushioma 770-8504, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Miho Yokota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue-Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushioma 770-8504, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hidaka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 730-0153, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushioma 770-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 730-0153, Japan.
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Positive and negative cooperativity of TNF and Interferon-γ in regulating synovial fibroblast function and B cell survival in fibroblast/B cell co-cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:780. [PMID: 31964950 PMCID: PMC6972945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts (SF) were reported to produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) in response to stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, the influence of these pro-inflammatory cytokines on other receptors/ligands of the TNF superfamily or associated cytokine receptors in SF has not been investigated yet. Here we show the differential regulation of BAFF (CD257), Fn14 (CD266), TACI (CD267), BAFF-R (CD268), BCMA (CD269), CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), IFN-γR (CD119), Leptin receptor (ObR, CD295), VCAM-1 (CD106) and membrane TGF-β in isolated SF and the impact of IFN-γ/TNF co-incubation on proliferation, IL-6 and IL-8 production. In addition, the impact of differentially stimulated SF on B cell survival in co-cultures was assessed. Surface cytokines and cytokine receptors were detected by flow cytometry. Soluble cytokine receptors and cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Proliferation was assessed by cell titer blue. Murine B cell survival in fibroblast/ B cell co-cultures was determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. IFN-γ together with TNF synergistically and significantly increased the cell surface levels of BAFF, Fn14, TACI, BAFF-R, BCMA, CD40L, ObR and IFN-γR in rheumatoid arthritis SF after 72 h incubation. Soluble BAFF was only induced by IFN-γ and inhibited by TNF. Addition of TWEAK had no influence on proliferation or IL-8 production but decreased TNF-induced IL-6 production, whereas APRIL, BAFF and leptin did not modulate TNF or TNF/IFN-γ-induced proliferation or cytokine production. Proliferation was increased by TNF and further enhanced by the addition of IFN-γ. In co-culture experiments, SF stimulated with TNF/IFN but not TNF or IFN-γ alone increased shedding of VCAM-1 and expression of membrane TGFβ, which was associated with reduced survival of murine B cells. IFN-γ and TNF regulate the expression of TNF family member cytokines and associated receptors. Ligation of IFN-γR and Fn14 under pro-inflammatory conditions modulated IL-6/IL-8 production and proliferation. In B cell/SF co-cultures, the combination of TNF/IFN reduced B cell survival possibly via enhanced VCAM-1 shedding and/or increased TGF-β production. IFN-γ is necessary for the observed effects on B cell survival and SF cytokine production and emphasizes its anti-inflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Ta HT, Xu S, Kamato D. Lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors: pharmacology and therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Walia V, Cuenca A, Vetter M, Insinna C, Perera S, Lu Q, Ritt DA, Semler E, Specht S, Stauffer J, Morrison DK, Lorentzen E, Westlake CJ. Akt Regulates a Rab11-Effector Switch Required for Ciliogenesis. Dev Cell 2019; 50:229-246.e7. [PMID: 31204173 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum starvation stimulates cilia growth in cultured cells, yet serum factors associated with ciliogenesis are unknown. Previously, we showed that starvation induces rapid Rab11-dependent vesicular trafficking of Rabin8, a Rab8 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), to the mother centriole, leading to Rab8 activation and cilium growth. Here, we demonstrate that through the LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1), serum lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits Rab11a-Rabin8 interaction and ciliogenesis. LPA/LPAR1 regulates ciliogenesis initiation via downstream PI3K/Akt activation, independent of effects on cell cycle. Akt stabilizes Rab11a binding to its effector, WDR44, and a WDR44-pAkt-phosphomimetic mutant blocks ciliogenesis. WDR44 depletion promotes Rabin8 preciliary trafficking and ciliogenesis-initiating events at the mother centriole. Our work suggests disruption of Akt signaling causes a switch from Rab11-WDR44 to the ciliogenic Rab11-FIP3-Rabin8 complex. Finally, we demonstrate that Akt regulates downstream ciliogenesis processes associated with Rab8-dependent cilia growth. Together, this study uncovers a mechanism whereby serum mitogen signaling regulates Rabin8 preciliary trafficking and ciliogenesis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Walia
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Adrian Cuenca
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Melanie Vetter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christine Insinna
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sumeth Perera
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel A Ritt
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth Semler
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Suzanne Specht
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jimmy Stauffer
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Wepy JA, Galligan JJ, Kingsley PJ, Xu S, Goodman MC, Tallman KA, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Lysophospholipases cooperate to mediate lipid homeostasis and lysophospholipid signaling. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:360-374. [PMID: 30482805 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m087890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LysoPLs) are bioactive lipid species involved in cellular signaling processes and the regulation of cell membrane structure. LysoPLs are metabolized through the action of lysophospholipases, including lysophospholipase A1 (LYPLA1) and lysophospholipase A2 (LYPLA2). A new X-ray crystal structure of LYPLA2 compared with a previously published structure of LYPLA1 demonstrated near-identical folding of the two enzymes; however, LYPLA1 and LYPLA2 have displayed distinct substrate specificities in recombinant enzyme assays. To determine how these in vitro substrate preferences translate into a relevant cellular setting and better understand the enzymes' role in LysoPL metabolism, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was utilized to generate stable KOs of Lypla1 and/or Lypla2 in Neuro2a cells. Using these cellular models in combination with a targeted lipidomics approach, LysoPL levels were quantified and compared between cell lines to determine the effect of losing lysophospholipase activity on lipid metabolism. This work suggests that LYPLA1 and LYPLA2 are each able to account for the loss of the other to maintain lipid homeostasis in cells; however, when both are deleted, LysoPL levels are dramatically increased, causing phenotypic and morphological changes to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Wepy
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - James J Galligan
- Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Michael C Goodman
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Keri A Tallman
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.,Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Carol A Rouzer
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146 .,Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.,Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146
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12
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Inoue M, Okamoto Y, Atsumi Y, Shiojiri M, Hidaka M, Tanaka T, Tsutsumi T, Shirasaka N, Tokumura A. Addition of high load of lysophosphatidic acid to standard and high-fat chows causes no significant changes of its circulating and peripheral tissue levels but affects body weight and visceral fat mass of mice. Biofactors 2018; 44:548-557. [PMID: 30368958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a critical intercellular lipid mediator, exerts wound healing and antiulcer effects on gastrointestinal system. To evaluate effects of food-derived LPA on body homeostasis, we measured LPA levels by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in chows, feces, plasma, liver, and visceral fat of mice fed a normal or high-fat chow supplemented with or without LPA-rich soybean phospholipids for 30 days. Reductions in daily body weight gains and visceral fat mass were mainly related to lower chow intake by mice fed the LPA-rich high-fat chow, whereas reduced body weight gains and fat mass were mainly related to decreased intestinal triacylglycerol absorption in mice fed LPA-rich chow. Our results showed no significant increase in plasma, liver, or adipose LPA levels, even if a quite high LPA concentration (2.0%) in chows was ingested daily, suggesting limited effects of food-derived LPA on the lumen side of the digestive tract. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):548-557, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Atsumi
- Bio Chemicals Department, Enzymes Division, Product Development Section, Nagase ChemteX Corporation, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shiojiri
- Bio Chemicals Department, Enzymes Division, Product Development Section, Nagase ChemteX Corporation, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hidaka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Shirasaka
- Bio Chemicals Department, Enzymes Division, Product Development Section, Nagase ChemteX Corporation, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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McDonald WS, Jones EE, Wojciak JM, Drake RR, Sabbadini RA, Harris NG. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mapping of Lysophosphatidic Acid Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury and the Relationship to Cellular Pathology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1779-1793. [PMID: 30037420 PMCID: PMC6099387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels increase in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury (TBI), indicating it may be a biomarker for subsequent cellular pathology. However, no data exist that document this association after TBI. We, therefore, acquired matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry data of LPA, major LPA metabolites, and hemoglobin from adult rat brains at 1 and 3 hours after controlled cortical impact injury. Data were semiquantitatively assessed by signal intensity analysis normalized to naïve rat brains acquired concurrently. Gray and white matter pathology was assessed on adjacent sections using immunohistochemistry for cell death, axonal injury, and intracellular LPA, to determine the spatiotemporal patterning of LPA corresponding to pathology. The results revealed significant increases in LPA and LPA precursors at 1 hour after injury and robust enhancement in LPA diffusively throughout the brain at 3 hours after injury. Voxel-wise analysis of LPA by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and β-amyloid precursor protein by immunohistochemistry in adjacent sections showed significant association, raising the possibility that LPA is linked to secondary axonal injury. Total LPA and metabolites were also present in remotely injured areas, including cerebellum and brain stem, and in particular thalamus, where intracellular LPA is associated with cell death. LPA may be a useful biomarker of cellular pathology after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S McDonald
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth E Jones
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomics Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Richard R Drake
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomics Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Neil G Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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14
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Bandu R, Mok HJ, Kim KP. Phospholipids as cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:107-138. [PMID: 27276657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, particularly phospholipids (PLs), are key components of cellular membrane. PLs play important and diverse roles in cells such as chemical-energy storage, cellular signaling, cell membranes, and cell-cell interactions in tissues. All these cellular processes are pertinent to cells that undergo transformation, cancer progression, and metastasis. Thus, there is a strong possibility that some classes of PLs are expected to present in cancer cells and tissues in cellular physiology. The mass spectrometric soft-ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are well-established in the proteomics field, have been used for lipidomic analysis in cancer research. This review focused on the applications of mass spectrometry (MS) mainly on ESI-MS and MALDI-MS in the structural characterization, molecular composition and key roles of various PLs present in cancer cells, tissues, blood, and urine, and on their importance for cancer-related problems as well as challenges for development of novel PL-based biomarkers. The profiling of PLs helps to rationalize their functions in biological systems, and will also provide diagnostic information to elucidate mechanisms behind the control of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The investigation of cellular PLs with MS methods suggests new insights on various cancer diseases and clinical applications in the drug discovery and development of biomarkers for various PL-related different cancer diseases. PL profiling in tissues, cells and body fluids also reflect the general condition of the whole organism and can indicate the existence of cancer and other diseases. PL profiling with MS opens new prospects to assess alterations of PLs in cancer, screening specific biomarkers and provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:107-138, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jun Mok
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
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15
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Pantsar T, Singha P, Nevalainen TJ, Koshevoy I, Leppänen J, Poso A, Niskanen JM, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Savinainen JR, Laitinen T, Laitinen JT. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives as autotaxin inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:97-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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An D, Hao F, Zhang F, Kong W, Chun J, Xu X, Cui MZ. CD14 is a key mediator of both lysophosphatidic acid and lipopolysaccharide induction of foam cell formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14391-14400. [PMID: 28705936 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays an important role in foam cell formation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We report here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages. Our data revealed that both LPA and LPS highly induce the CD14 expression at messenger RNA and protein levels in macrophages. The role of CD14, one component of the LPS receptor cluster, in LPA-induced biological functions has been unknown. We took several steps to examine the role of CD14 in LPA signaling pathways. Knockdown of CD14 expression nearly completely blocked LPA/LPS-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages, demonstrating for the first time that CD14 is a key mediator responsible for both LPA- and LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. To determine the molecular mechanism mediating CD14 function, we demonstrated that both LPA and LPS significantly induce the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SR-AI), which has been implicated in lipid uptake process, and depletion of CD14 levels blocked LPA/LPS-induced SR-AI expression. We further showed that the SR-AI-specific antibody, which quenches SR-AI function, blocked LPA- and LPS-induced foam cell formation. Thus, SR-AI is the downstream mediator of CD14 in regulating LPA-, LPS-, and LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. Taken together, our results provide the first experimental evidence that CD14 is a novel connecting molecule linking both LPA and LPS pathways and is a key mediator responsible for LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. The LPA/LPS-CD14-SR-AI nexus might be the new convergent pathway, contributing to the worsening of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,College of Life Sciences and
| | - Feng Hao
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,Science and Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, and
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
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17
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Dou Q, Hao F, Sun L, Xu X, Cui MZ. CRE and SRE mediate LPA-induced CCN1 transcription in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:275-280. [PMID: 28157379 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), is a potent bioactive phospholipid. Our recent data reveal that LPA induces matricellular protein CCN1 (also known as Cyr61) expression in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and that CCN1 bridges LPA and integrin signaling pathways leading to SMC migration. Whether and how LPA regulates the transcriptional machinery of the CCN1 gene are unknown. In this study, we found that LPA markedly induces CCN1 mRNA expression in SMCs. Using deleting mutation and reporter gene strategies, we demonstrated regions from -2038 to -1787 and from -101 to +63 of the CCN1 promoter contain the essential regulatory elements. The serum response element (SRE) and cyclic AMP-response element (CRE) are located in these regions. LPA induced time-dependent phosphorylation of serum response factor (SRF) and CRE-binding protein (CREB) in mouse SMCs. Luciferase assays of a series of deleted, mutated CCN1 promoter-reporter gene constructs and dominant negative construct revealed the distal SRE and the proximal CRE in the CCN1 promoter are required for LPA-induced CCN1 gene expression. Our results imply that elevated LPA levels may trigger SMC migration and exacerbate restenosis and atherosclerotic lesions through the induced CCN1, which communicates with a set of plasma membrane proteins and intracellular kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Dou
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,b State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China 810016
| | - Feng Hao
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Longsheng Sun
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,c College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China 225009
| | - Xuemin Xu
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- a Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Yamamoto J, Omura M, Tuchiya K, Hidaka M, Kuwahara A, Irahara M, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Preferable existence of polyunsaturated lysophosphatidic acids in human follicular fluid from patients programmed with in vitro fertilization. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 126:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Hao F, Zhang F, Wu DD, An D, Shi J, Li G, Xu X, Cui MZ. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular neointimal formation in mouse carotid arteries is mediated by the matricellular protein CCN1/Cyr61. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C975-C984. [PMID: 27760754 PMCID: PMC5206305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is an essential step involved in neointimal formation in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and is produced by activated platelets, implying that LPA influences vascular remodeling. Our previous study revealed that matricellular protein CCN1, a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, mediates LPA-induced SMC migration in vitro. Here we examined the role of CCN1 in LPA-induced neointimal formation. By using LPA infusion of carotid artery in a mouse model, we demonstrated that LPA highly induced CCN1 expression (approximately six- to sevenfold) in neointimal lesions. Downregulation of CCN1 expression with the specific CCN1 siRNA in carotid arteries blocked LPA-induced neointimal formation, indicating that CCN1 is essential in LPA-induced neointimal formation. We then used LPA receptor knockout (LPA1-/-, LPA2-/-, and LPA3-/-) mice to examine LPA receptor function in CCN1 expression in vivo and in LPA-induced neointimal formation. Our data reveal that LPA1 deficiency, but not LPA2 or LPA3 deficiency, prevents LPA-induced CCN1 expression in vivo in mouse carotid arteries. We also observed that LPA1 deficiency blunted LPA infusion-induced neointimal formation, indicating that LPA1 is the major mediator for LPA-induced vascular remodeling. Our in vivo model of LPA-induced neointimal formation established a key role of the ECM protein CCN1 in mediating LPA-induced neointimal formation. Our data support the notion that the LPA1-CCN1 axis may be the central control for SMC migration and vascular remodeling. CCN1 may serve as an important vascular disease marker and potential target for vascular therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daniel Dongwei Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Dong An
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; and
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xuemin Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee;
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20
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Pham PH, Vo NTK, Tan EJH, Russell S, Jones G, Lumsden JS, Bols NC. Development of an Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line (ASHe) that responds to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:20-32. [PMID: 27586265 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As diseases and abnormalities of the heart can interfere with the aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, the heart was investigated as a source of cell lines that could be used to study the cellular basis of these conditions. An Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line, ASHe, was developed and characterized for growth properties, endothelial cell characteristics, and responsiveness to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). AHSe cells stained negative for senescence associated ß-galactosidase and grew well in 10 and 20% FBS/L15 at high cell density, but not in L15 medium supplemented with calf serum. It displayed many endothelial cell-like characteristics including a cobblestone morphology, capillary-like structures formation on Matrigel, and expression of von Willebrand factor and endothelial cell-related tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin 3, and claudin 5. ASHe cells responded to the cardiovascular modulator, LPA, in two contrasting ways. LPA at 5 and 25 μM inhibited the ability of ASHe cells to heal a wound but stimulated their proliferation, especially as evaluated by colony formation in low-density cultures. The enhancement of proliferation by LPA parallels what has been observed previously in mammalian endothelial cell cultures exposed to LPA, whereas the LPA slowing of ASHe cell migration contrasted with the LPA-enhanced migration of some mammalian cells. Therefore, this cell line is a potentially useful model for future comparative studies on piscine and mammalian cardiovascular cell biology and for studies on diseases of Atlantic salmon in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Spencer Russell
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - John S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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21
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Tsutsumi T, Okamoto Y, Yamakawa S, Bingjun C, Ishihara A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced rat plasma lysophosphatidylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid level as a biomarker of aristolochic acid-induced renal and adipose dysfunctions. Life Sci 2016; 157:208-216. [PMID: 27267499 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Food products and diet pills containing aristolochic acid (AA) are responsible for a rapid progression of nephropathy associated with reduced body weight in human beings. In this study, we investigated the relationship of dietary NaCl and lysophospholipid (LPL) plasma levels to body weight gain in AA-treated rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats receiving a salt-deficient chow, normal salt chow or high salt chow were injected intraperitoneally daily with AA for 15days. Body weight, visceral fat mass, food intake, levels of LPL in plasma and its synthesized enzyme were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Body weight gain, visceral fat mass and daily food intake were smaller in AA-treated rats than those of control rats, regardless of dietary salt concentration. AA treatment decreased plasma levels of major lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) molecular species in rats fed the normal or high-salt chow but not the salt-deficient chow, whereas both the plasma lysophospholipase D activity and kidney mRNA level of autotaxin of AA-treated rats fed chow with defined salt concentrations were lower than those of control rats. Plasma levels of major molecular species of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) in AA-treated rat groups fed chow with defined salt concentrations were lower than those of control rats. SIGNIFICANCE Plasma levels of LPG and LPA seem to be relevant to the reduced body weight gain and fat mass due to AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Cheng Bingjun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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22
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Thorlakson HH, Schreurs O, Schenck K, Blix IJS. Lysophosphatidic acid regulates adhesion molecules and enhances migration of human oral keratinocytes. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:164-71. [PMID: 26913569 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral keratinocytes are connected via cell-to-cell adhesions to protect underlying tissues from physical and bacterial damage. Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are a family of phospholipid mediators that have the ability to regulate gene expression, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cytokine/chemokine secretion, which mediate proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Several forms of LPA are found in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, but it is unknown how they affect human oral keratinocytes (HOK). The aim of the present study was therefore to examine how different LPA forms affect the expression of adhesion molecules and the migration and proliferation of HOK. Keratinocytes were isolated from gingival biopsies obtained from healthy donors and challenged with different forms of LPA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the expression of adhesion molecules. Migration and proliferation assays were performed. Lysophosphatidic acids strongly promoted expression of E-cadherin and occludin mRNAs and translocation of E-cadherin protein from the cytoplasm to the membrane. Occludin and claudin-1 proteins were up-regulated by LPA. Migration of HOK in culture was increased, but proliferation was reduced, by the addition of LPA. This indicates that LPA can have a role in the regulation of the oral epithelial barrier by increasing the expression of adhesion molecules of HOK, by promotion of migration and by inhibition of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong H Thorlakson
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Schreurs
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Schenck
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger J S Blix
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Patients with risk factors have higher plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid: a promising surrogate marker for blood platelet activation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 25:322-5. [PMID: 24346355 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although basic medical studies have shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has an important relationship to activated blood platelets, we know little about this from clinical experience. This pilot study examined plasma LPA levels in patients with a risk of thrombotic events and evaluated the effects of aspirin on plasma LPA levels. In this basically cross-sectional study, we recruited 1352 patients with either hypertension or hyperlipidemia and 670 controls without any risk factors. Patients with risk factors had significantly higher plasma LPA levels than controls, the mean of LPA = 3.12 ± 2.24 vs. 2.57 ± 1.96 μmol/l, P < 0.001. The patients who had been taking aspirin had relatively lower plasma LPA levels compared with those who did not take aspirin, χ = 43.8, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 2.76 (2.03-3.75). For the hypertension group, χ = 23.1, OR (95% CI) = 3.44 (2.03-5.82), P < 0.001; for the hyperlipidemia group, χ = 22.9, OR (95% CI) = 2.53 (1.72-3.74), P < 0.001. Patients with a risk factor had higher plasma LPA levels compared with controls. Administration of aspirin may decrease elevated plasma LPA levels. This pilot clinical observation indicates that plasma LPA is worth to be studied further.
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24
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KANG SANGJIN, HAN JUHEE, SONG SEUNGYONG, KIM WONSERK, SHIN SOYOUNG, KIM JIHYE, AHN HYOSUN, JEONG JINHYUN, HWANG SUNGJOO, SUNG JONGHYUK. Lysophosphatidic acid increases the proliferation and migration of adipose-derived stem cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5203-10. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Tabuchi S. The autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid-lysophosphatidic acid receptor cascade: proposal of a novel potential therapeutic target for treating glioblastoma multiforme. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:56. [PMID: 26084470 PMCID: PMC4477515 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Its prognosis is one of the worst among all cancer types, and it is considered a fatal malignancy, incurable with conventional therapeutic strategies. As the bioactive multifunctional lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is well recognized to be involved in the tumorigenesis of cancers by acting on G-protein-coupled receptors, LPA receptor (LPAR) antagonists and LPA synthesis inhibitors have been proposed as promising drugs for cancer treatment. Six LPARs, named LPA1-6, are currently recognized. Among them, LPA1 is the dominant LPAR in the CNS and is highly expressed in GBM in combination with the overexpression of autotaxin (ATX), the enzyme (a phosphodiesterase, which is a potent cell motility-stimulating factor) that produces LPA.Invasion is a defining hallmark of GBM. LPA is significantly related to cell adhesion, cell motility, and invasion through the Rho family GTPases Rho and Rac. LPA1 is responsible for LPA-driven cell motility, which is attenuated by LPA4. GBM is among the most vascular human tumors. Although anti-angiogenic therapy (through the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) was established, sufficient results have not been obtained because of the increased invasiveness triggered by anti-angiogenesis. As both ATX and LPA play a significant role in angiogenesis, similar to VEGF, inhibition of the ATX/LPA axis may be beneficial as a two-pronged therapy that includes anti-angiogenic and anti-invasion therapy. Conventional approaches to GBM are predominantly directed at cell proliferation. Recurrent tumors regrow from cells that have invaded brain tissues and are less proliferative, and are thus quite resistant to conventional drugs and radiation, which preferentially kill rapidly proliferating cells. A novel approach that targets this invasive subpopulation of GBM cells may improve the prognosis of GBM. Patients with GBM that contacts the subventricular zone (SVZ) have decreased survival. A putative source of GBM cells is the SVZ, the largest area of neurogenesis in the adult human brain. GBM stem cells in the SVZ that are positive for the neural stem cell surface antigen CD133 are highly tumorigenic and enriched in recurrent GBM. LPA1 expression appears to be increased in these cells. Here, the author reviews research on the ATX/LPAR axis, focusing on GBM and an ATX/LPAR-targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaharu Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, 730 Ezu, Tottori, 680-0901, Japan.
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26
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Tsuboi K, Okamoto Y, Rahman IAS, Uyama T, Inoue T, Tokumura A, Ueda N. Glycerophosphodiesterase GDE4 as a novel lysophospholipase D: a possible involvement in bioactive N-acylethanolamine biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:537-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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González de San Román E, Manuel I, Giralt MT, Chun J, Estivill-Torrús G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Ferrer I, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Anatomical location of LPA1 activation and LPA phospholipid precursors in rodent and human brain. J Neurochem 2015; 134:471-85. [PMID: 25857358 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a signaling molecule that binds to six known G protein-coupled receptors: LPA1 -LPA6 . LPA evokes several responses in the CNS, including cortical development and folding, growth of the axonal cone and its retraction process. Those cell processes involve survival, migration, adhesion proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. The anatomical localization of LPA1 is incompletely understood, particularly with regard to LPA binding. Therefore, we have used functional [(35) S]GTPγS autoradiography to verify the anatomical distribution of LPA1 binding sites in adult rodent and human brain. The greatest activity was observed in myelinated areas of the white matter such as corpus callosum, internal capsule and cerebellum. MaLPA1 -null mice (a variant of LPA1 -null) lack [(35) S]GTPγS basal binding in white matter areas, where the LPA1 receptor is expressed at high levels, suggesting a relevant role of the activity of this receptor in the most myelinated brain areas. In addition, phospholipid precursors of LPA were localized by MALDI-IMS in both rodent and human brain slices identifying numerous species of phosphatides and phosphatidylcholines. Both phosphatides and phosphatidylcholines species represent potential LPA precursors. The anatomical distribution of these precursors in rodent and human brain may indicate a metabolic relationship between LPA and LPA1 receptors. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a signaling molecule that binds to six known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), LPA1 to LPA6 . LPA evokes several responses in the central nervous system (CNS), including cortical development and folding, growth of the axonal cone and its retraction process. We used functional [(35) S]GTPγS autoradiography to verify the anatomical distribution of LPA1 -binding sites in adult rodent and human brain. The distribution of LPA1 receptors in rat, mouse and human brains show the highest activity in white matter myelinated areas. The basal and LPA-evoked activities are abolished in MaLPA1 -null mice. The phospholipid precursors of LPA are localized by MALDI-IMS. The anatomical distribution of LPA precursors in rodent and human brain suggests a relationship with functional LPA1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Teresa Giralt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias y UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias y UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departmento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Tsutsumi T, Yamakawa S, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced kidney levels of lysophosphatidic acids in rats after chronic administration of aristolochic acid: Its possible protective role in renal fibrosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:121-129. [PMID: 28962344 PMCID: PMC5598376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is considered to be a causative agent for progressive interstitial renal fibrosis, leading to AA nephropathy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a mediator in the onset of renal fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the molecular species of LPA and its precursor lysophospholipids in kidney tissue from rats exposed to AA. Daily intraperitoneal injections of AA for 35 days to rats gave rise to fibrosis in kidney, decreased the kidney levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylinositol. In rat renal cell lines (NRK52E and NRK49F), AA-induced cytotoxicity was potentiated by Ki16425, LPA1,3 receptor antagonist. The level of mRNA encording α-smooth muscle actin was significantly increased by AA-treatment only in NRK52E cells, while the mRNA level of collagen III was decreased in both NRK52E and NRK49F cells. These results suggest that endogenous LPA in rat kidney prevents AA-induced renal fibrosis.
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Key Words
- 18S, ribosomal protein S18
- AA, aristolochic acid
- AZ, azan Mallory
- Aristolochic acid
- Chronic kidney disease
- Fibrosis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HE, hematoxylin/eosin
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- LPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- Lysophospholipid
- Nephrotoxicity
- PLA1, phospholipase A1
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- lysoPLD, lysophospholipase D
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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Sadasivan SK, Siddaraju N, Khan KM, Vasamsetti B, Kumar NR, Haridas V, Reddy MB, Baggavalli S, Oommen AM, Pralhada Rao R. Developing an in vitro screening assay platform for evaluation of antifibrotic drugs using precision-cut liver slices. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 8:1. [PMID: 25598841 PMCID: PMC4296550 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-014-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Precision-cut liver slices present different cell types of liver in a physiological context, and they have been explored as effective in vitro model systems to study liver fibrosis. Inducing fibrosis in the liver slices using toxicants like carbon tetrachloride is of less relevance to human disease conditions. Our aim for this study was to establish physiologically relevant conditions in vitro to induce fibrotic phenotypes in the liver slices. Results Precision-cut liver slices of 150 μm thickness were obtained from female C57BL/6 J mice. The slices were cultured for 24 hours in media containing a cocktail of 10 nM each of TGF-β, PDGF, 5 μM each of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1 phosphate and 0.2 μg/ml of lipopolysaccharide along with 500 μM of palmitate and were analyzed for triglyceride accumulation, stress and inflammation, myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Incubation with the cocktail resulted in increased triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark of steatosis. The levels of Acta2, a hallmark of myofibroblast activation and the levels of inflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein) were significantly elevated. In addition, this treatment resulted in increased levels of ECM markers - collagen, lumican and fibronectin. Conclusions This study reports the experimental conditions required to induce fibrosis associated with steatohepatitis using physiologically relevant inducers. The system presented here captures various aspects of the fibrosis process like steatosis, inflammation, stellate cell activation and ECM accumulation and serves as a platform to study the liver fibrosis in vitro and to screen small molecules for their antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Sadasivan
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Nethra Siddaraju
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Khaiser Mehdi Khan
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Balamuralikrishna Vasamsetti
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Nimisha R Kumar
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Vibha Haridas
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Madhusudhan B Reddy
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Somesh Baggavalli
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Anup M Oommen
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
| | - Raghavendra Pralhada Rao
- Connexios life sciences private limited, No-49, Shilpa vidya, 1st Main, 3rd phase, J P nagara, Bangalore, 560078 India
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Potentials of the Circulating Pruritogenic Mediator Lysophosphatidic Acid in Development of Allergic Skin Inflammation in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Extracellular metabolism-dependent uptake of lysolipids through cultured monolayer of differentiated Caco-2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:121-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tsutsumi T, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Asaji H, Yamakawa S, Tokumura A. The potential protective role of lysophospholipid mediators in nephrotoxicity induced by chronically exposed cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:52-62. [PMID: 24361405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a hazardous metal whose chronic exposure induces renal failure due to fibrosis, but the mechanisms are not well known. In this study we analyzed the molecular species of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and related phospholipids, together with their metabolic enzyme activity, in plasma from Wistar rats exposed up to 300ppm Cd(2+) in drinking water for 114days. Exposure of 300ppm Cd(2+) for 114days enhanced autotoxin (ATX)/lysophospholipase D activity, but significantly lowered the total levels of LPA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Interestingly, the total level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was elevated dose-dependently by Cd(2+). Cultured rat kidney-derived interstitial fibroblast cells, NRK49F cells and proximal epithelial cells, NRK52E cells, were both responsive to the protective action of LPA or S1P against Cd(2+) toxicity. The former cell expresses ATX RNA. In conclusion, the elevation of LPA-producing enzyme activity and S1P concentrations in plasma after exposure of rats to Cd(2+) would protect from the renal toxicity of Cd(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
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Morishige J, Uto Y, Hori H, Satouchi K, Yoshiomoto T, Tokumura A. Lysophosphatidic acid produced by hen egg white lysophospholipase D induces vascular development on extraembryonic membranes. Lipids 2013; 48:251-62. [PMID: 23381130 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH), a lysophospholipid mediator, exerts diverse physiological effects, including angiogenesis, through its specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Previously, we showed that unfertilized hen egg white contains polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich lysoPtdOH and lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD). Here, we examined whether lysoPtdOH was produced by lysoPLD in the presence and absence of a hen fertilized ovum and what the physiological role of lysoPtdOH in hen egg white is. Mass spectrometry showed that fertilized hen egg white contained about 8 μM lysoPtdOH before incubation with an ovum, mainly comprised of 18:1- (12.6 %), 18:2- (37.8 %) and 20:4-molecular species (41.5 %). In an early gestation period, the lysoPtdOH was increased up to 9.6 μM, concomitant with a decrease in the level of polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho). Moreover, lysoPtdOH-degrading activities were found in egg white and the vitelline membrane, showing that these enzymes control lysoPtdOH levels in egg white. In an egg yolk angiogenesis assay, two lysoPtdOH receptor antagonists, Ki16425 and N-palmitoyl serine phosphoric acid (NASP), inhibited blood vessel formation induced by exogenously added 18:1-lysoPtdOH and its precursor lysoPtdCho on the hen yolk sac. Ki16425 and NASP also inhibited blood vessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Furthermore, the relatively higher levels of LPA₁, LPA₂, LPA₄ and LPA₆ mRNA were present in the yolk sac and CAM. These results suggest that lysoPtdOH produced from lysoPtdCho by the action of lysoPLD in hen egg white is involved in the formation of blood vessel networks through several lysoPtdOH receptors on various extraembryonic membranes, including the yolk sac membrane and CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Morishige
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent bioactive phospholipid. As many other biological active lipids, LPA is an autacoid: it is formed locally on demand, and it acts locally near its site of synthesis. LPA has a plethora of biological activities on blood cells (platelets, monocytes) and cells of the vessel wall (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages) that are all key players in atherosclerotic and atherothrombotic processes. The specific cellular actions of LPA are determined by its multifaceted molecular structures, the expression of multiple G-protein coupled LPA receptors at the cell surface and their diverse coupling to intracellular signalling pathways. Numerous studies have now shown that LPA has thrombogenic and atherogenic actions. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive, yet concise, thoughtful and critical review of this exciting research area and to pinpoint potential pharmacological targets for inhibiting thrombogenic and atherogenic activities of LPA. We hope that the review will serve to accelerate knowledge of basic and clinical science, and to foster drug development in the field of LPA and atherosclerotic/atherothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Gaaya A, Poirier O, Mougenot N, Hery T, Atassi F, Marchand A, Saulnier-Blache JS, Amour J, Vogt J, Lompré AM, Soubrier F, Nadaud S. Plasticity-related gene-1 inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation and prevents neointima formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C1104-14. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1) protects neuronal cells from lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) effects. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), LPA was shown to induce phenotypic modulation in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. Thus we explored the role of PRG-1 in modulating VSMC response to LPA. PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments showed that PRG-1 is expressed in rat and human vascular media. PRG-1 expression was strongly inhibited in proliferating compared with quiescent VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo (medial vs. neointimal VSMCs), suggesting that PRG-1 expression is dependent on the cell phenotype. In vitro, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of PRG-1 specifically inhibited LPA-induced rat VSMC proliferation and migration but not platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation. This effect was abolished by mutation of a conserved histidine in the lipid phosphate phosphatase family that is essential for interaction with lipid phosphates. In vivo, balloon-induced neointimal formation in rat carotid was significantly decreased in vessels infected with PRG-1 adenovirus compared with β-galactosidase adenovirus (−71%; P < 0.05). PRG-1 overexpression abolished the activation of the p42/p44 signaling pathway in LPA-stimulated rat VSMCs in culture and in balloon-injured rat carotids. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence of a protective role of PRG-1 in the vascular media under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Gaaya
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Odette Poirier
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- INSERM, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, PECMV-IFR14, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Hery
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Atassi
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Marchand
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- INSERM, U1048/I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Amour
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Microanatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Lompré
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Florent Soubrier
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR_S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 956, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
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Tokumura A, Taira S, Kikuchi M, Tsutsumi T, Shimizu Y, Watsky MA. Lysophospholipids and lysophospholipase D in rabbit aqueous humor following corneal injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:83-9. [PMID: 22281604 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-like activity eliciting Cl(-) currents in Xenopus oocytes is increased in rabbit aqueous humor (AH) following corneal freeze wounds. The purpose of this study was to examine whether actual levels of LPA in AH from wounded eyes are higher than those from control eyes, and to determine the sources and enzymatic pathways of AH LPA in control and wounded conditions. Lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity was measured by the enzymatic determination of choline following incubation of AH samples with exogenous lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). The molecular species compositions of LPA and LPC in fresh and incubated AH were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A high, but similar activity of lysoPLD in the samples from both control and freeze-wounded eyes was detected. Its enzymatic properties resemble those of plasma lysoPLD, identified as autotaxin. Levels of LPCs, predominant substrates of lysoPLD in AH, were several times higher in the AH samples from injured eyes than those from the control eyes. Our results suggest that lysoPLD is constitutively released from corneal tissues and/or ciliary body into the AH, with no injury-induced increase in release following freeze-wounding. They also suggest that wound-induced increases in LPA-like biological activity are due to linoleoyl species-rich molecular composition in AH from wounded eyes. A possible mechanism of the altered molecular composition is an increase in the AH concentrations of LPCs, linoleoyl species of which are preferentially converted to corresponding unsaturated LPA by the constitutively active lysoPLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Tsuboi K, Okamoto Y, Ikematsu N, Inoue M, Shimizu Y, Uyama T, Wang J, Deutsch DG, Burns MP, Ulloa NM, Tokumura A, Ueda N. Enzymatic formation of N-acylethanolamines from N-acylethanolamine plasmalogen through N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D-dependent and -independent pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:565-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cui MZ. Lysophosphatidic acid effects on atherosclerosis and thrombosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:413-426. [PMID: 22162980 DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been found to accumulate in high concentrations in atherosclerotic lesions. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid produced by activated platelets and formed during the oxidation of LDL. Accumulating evidence suggests that this lipid mediator may serve as an important risk factor for development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The role of LPA in atherogenesis is supported by the evidence that LPA: stimulates endothelial cells to produce adhesion molecules and chemoattractants; induces smooth muscle cells to produce inflammatory cytokines; stimulates smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration; increases monocyte migration and decreases monocyte-derived cell emigration from the vessel wall; induces hypertension and vascular neointimal formation in vivo; and promotes plaque progression in a mouse atherosclerosis model. The role of LPA in thrombogenesis is supported by the evidence that LPA markedly induces the aggregation of platelets and the expression of tissue factor, which is the principal initiator of blood coagulation. Recent experimental data indicate that LPA is produced by specific enzymes and that LPA binds to and activates multiple G-protein-coupled receptors, leading to intracellular signaling. Therapeutics targeting LPA biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling pathways could be viable for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Tsutsumi T, Adachi M, Nikawadori M, Morishige J, Tokumura A. Presence of bioactive lysophosphatidic acid in renal effluent of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Life Sci 2011; 89:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Adachi M, Horiuchi G, Ikematsu N, Tanaka T, Terao J, Satouchi K, Tokumura A. Intragastrically administered lysophosphatidic acids protect against gastric ulcer in rats under water-immersion restraint stress. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:2252-61. [PMID: 21298479 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lysophosphatidic acid exerts important physiological effects on many types of animal cells through its specific binding to several G protein-coupled receptors. In particular, its potent wound-healing effect has attracted much attention. To determine whether lysophosphatidic acids in a foodstuff and Chinese medicine are effective in protecting against gastric ulcer, we subjected rats to water-immersion restraint stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Three direct administrations of a solution of lysophosphatidic acid with a C18 fatty acyl group to the rat stomach in a concentration range of 0.001-0.1 mM resulted in a significant reduction in the number of gastric ulcers induced during water-immersion restraint stress, and the potencies were as follows: linoleoyl species=α-linolenoyl species>oleoyl species. Intragastric administrations of a solution of highly purified lysophosphatidic acid from soybean lecithin significantly protected against the stress-induced gastric ulcers at lower concentrations than partially purified lysophosphatidic acid from soybean lecithin did. In addition, administration of a decocted solution of antyu-san, and lysophosphatidic acid-rich Chinese medicine, to the stomach was more effective in protecting against stress-induced ulcer than decoctations of antyu-san lacking the corydalis tuber component that is rich in lysophosphatidic acid. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly show that lysophosphatidic acid is the effective component of soybean lecithin and antyu-san in protection against stress-induced gastric ulcer in the rat model, and suggest that daily intake of lysophosphatidic acid-rich foods or Chinese medicines may be beneficial for prevention of stress-induced gastric ulcer in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Adachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
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41
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Inoue M, Adachi M, Shimizu Y, Tsutsumi T, Tokumura A. Comparison of lysophospholipid levels in rat feces with those in a standard chow. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7062-7067. [PMID: 21648420 DOI: 10.1021/jf200986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although lysophospholipids have attracted much attention due to their diverse physiological activities through their specific receptors, little is known about their metabolic fates in mammalian digestive systems after their ingestion as a minor food component. In this study, we analyzed five lysophospholipids in lipid extracts of a standard rat chow and feces of rats fed the chow by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most abundant lysophospholipid in the rat chow was lysophosphatidylcholine followed by lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) in an increasing order, but their concentrations were very low in rat feces. Among the molecular species of LPS in the chow, only saturated species were detected in the feces in significant amounts. In addition, several molecular species of LPA remained in the feces in variable portions (saturated > monounsaturated > polyunsaturated). These results suggest that a portion of ingested LPA and LPS reach the rat large intestine, affecting physiological colon functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Inoue
- Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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42
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Lundequist A, Boyce JA. LPA5 is abundantly expressed by human mast cells and important for lysophosphatidic acid induced MIP-1β release. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18192. [PMID: 21464938 PMCID: PMC3065470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid inducing proliferation, differentiation as well as cytokine release by mast cells through G-protein coupled receptors. Recently GPR92/LPA5 was identified as an LPA receptor highly expressed by cells of the immune system, which prompted us to investigate its presence and influence on mast cells. Principal Findings Transcript analysis using quantitative real-time PCR revealed that LPA5 is the most prevalent LPA-receptor in human mast cells. Reduction of LPA5 levels using shRNA reduced calcium flux and abolished MIP-1β release in response to LPA. Conclusions LPA5 is a bona fide LPA receptor on human mast cells responsible for the majority of LPA induced MIP-1β release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lundequist
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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43
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Berdichevets IN, Tyazhelova TV, Shimshilashvili KR, Rogaev EI. Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid mediator with wide range of biological activities. Biosynthetic pathways and mechanism of action. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1088-97. [PMID: 21077828 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910090026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator required for maintaining homeostasis of numerous physiological functions and also involved in development of some pathological processes through interactions with G protein-coupled receptors. Recently many data have appeared about the role of this phospholipid in humans, but pathways of LPA biosynthesis and mechanisms of its action remain unclear. This review presents modern concepts about biosynthesis, reception, and biological activity of LPA in humans. Natural and synthetic LPA analogs are considered in the view of their possible use in pharmacology as agonists and/or antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Berdichevets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Tigyi G. Aiming drug discovery at lysophosphatidic acid targets. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:241-70. [PMID: 20735414 PMCID: PMC2989581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-radyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is the prototype member of a family of lipid mediators and second messengers. LPA and its naturally occurring analogues interact with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface and a nuclear hormone receptor within the cell. In addition, there are several enzymes that utilize LPA as a substrate or generate it as a product and are under its regulatory control. LPA is present in biological fluids, and attempts have been made to link changes in its concentration and molecular composition to specific disease conditions. Through their many targets, members of the LPA family regulate cell survival, apoptosis, motility, shape, differentiation, gene transcription, malignant transformation and more. The present review depicts arbitrary aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of LPA and attempts to link them with select targets. Many of us are now convinced that therapies targeting LPA biosynthesis and signalling are feasible for the treatment of devastating human diseases such as cancer, fibrosis and degenerative conditions. However, successful targeting of the pathways associated with this pleiotropic lipid will depend on the future development of as yet undeveloped pharmacons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Liu JP, Komachi M, Tomura H, Mogi C, Damirin A, Tobo M, Takano M, Nochi H, Tamoto K, Sato K, Okajima F. Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1-dependent and -independent vascular actions to acidic pH in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H731-42. [PMID: 20622109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation disease characterized by acidic micromilieu and the accumulation of numerous bioactive lipid mediators, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and prostaglandins, in the atherosclerotic lesion. Chronic acidification induced various effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. In this study, we examine the role of proton-sensing ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) in extracellular acidification-induced regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induction, PGI(2) production, MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 expression, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression and proliferation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs). Experiments with knockdown with small interfering RNA specific to OGR1 and specific inhibitors for G proteins showed that acidification-induced COX-2 expression, PGI(2) production, and MKP-1 expression, but not PAI-1 expression and inhibition of proliferation, were dependent on OGR1 and mainly mediated by G(q/11) protein. LPA remarkably enhanced, through the LPA(1) receptor/G(i) protein, the OGR1-mediated vascular actions to acidic pH. In conclusion, acidic pH-induced vascular actions of AoSMCs can be dissected to OGR1-dependent and -independent pathways: COX-2 expression, PGI(2) production, and MKP-1 expression are mediated by OGR1, but PAI-1 expression and inhibition of proliferation are not. LPA, which is usually thought to be a proatherogenic lipid mediator, may exert antiatherogenic actions under acidic micromilieu through cross-talk between LPA(1)/G(i) protein and OGR1/G(q/11) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Subramanian P, Karshovska E, Reinhard P, Megens RT, Zhou Z, Akhtar S, Schumann U, Li X, van Zandvoort M, Ludin C, Weber C, Schober A. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors LPA
1
and LPA
3
Promote CXCL12-Mediated Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cell Recruitment in Neointima Formation. Circ Res 2010; 107:96-105. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.212647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
:
The chemokine CXCL12 (CXC motif ligand 12) and its receptor CXCR 4 (CXC motif receptor 4) direct the recruitment of smooth muscle progenitor cells (SPCs) in neointima formation after vascular injury. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces CXCL12 and neointimal accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in uninjured arteries. Thus, we hypothesize that LPA may regulate CXCL12-mediated vascular remodelling.
Objectives
:
We evaluated the role of LPA receptors in initiating CXCL12-dependent vascular repair by SPCs.
Methods and Results
:
Wire-induced carotid injury was performed in apolipoprotein E
−/−
mice on western-type diet. LPA receptor expression was studied by immunostaining and quantitative RT-PCR. LPA receptors LPA
1
and LPA
3
were detected in the media of uninjured arteries and in the injury-induced neointima. LPA
3
mRNA was upregulated and LPA
1
mRNA downregulated at one week after injury. The LPA
1/3
antagonist Ki16425 inhibited neointima formation by 71% and reduced both relative neointimal SMCs and the macrophage content. Additionally, neointimal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and CXCL12 expression, the injury-induced peripheral stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)
+
/Lin
−
SPC mobilization, and the neointimal recruitment of Sca-1
+
SMCs were inhibited by Ki16425. In wild type mice, LPA20:4 increased CXCL12 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in carotid arteries as early as 1 day following short-term endoluminal incubation. LPA20:4-induced SPC mobilization and neointima formation were blocked by Ki16425, LPA
1
- and LPA
3
-specific small interfering (si)RNA, and the CXCR4 antagonist POL5551. Ki16425 reduced LPA20:4-mediated neointimal recruitment of SPC as demonstrated by 2-photon microscopy in bone marrow chimeric mice after repopulation with SM22-LacZ transgenic, hematopoietic cells. Moreover, POL5551 decreased the neointimal accumulation of CXCR4
+
SMCs.
Conclusions
:
LPA
1
and LPA
3
promote neointima formation through activation of CXCL12-mediated mobilization and recruitment of SPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Subramanian
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Ela Karshovska
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Patricia Reinhard
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Remco T.A. Megens
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Zhe Zhou
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Shamima Akhtar
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Uwe Schumann
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Christian Ludin
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
| | - Andreas Schober
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (P.S., E.K., T.A., R.T.A.M., Z.Z., S.A., U.S., X.L., M.v.Z., C.W., A.S.) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research BIOMAT within the Faculty of Medicine (P.S., X.L., R.T.A.M.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Cardiology Unit (E.K., P.R.), Medical Policlinic-City Center Campus, University of Munich, Germany; Polyphor Ltd (C.L.), Allschwill, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) (M.v.Z., C.W.),
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47
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Biological roles of lysophosphatidic acid signaling through its production by autotaxin. Biochimie 2010; 92:698-706. [PMID: 20417246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exhibits a wide variety of biological functions as a bio-active lysophospholipid through G-protein-coupled receptors specific to LPA. Currently at least six LPA receptors are identified, named LPA(1) to LPA(6), while the existence of other LPA receptors has been suggested. From studies on knockout mice and hereditary diseases of these LPA receptors, it is now clear that LPA is involved in various biological processes including brain development and embryo implantation, as well as patho-physiological conditions including neuropathic pain and pulmonary and renal fibrosis. Unlike sphingosine 1-phosphate, a structurally similar bio-active lysophospholipid to LPA and produced intracellularly, LPA is produced by multiple extracellular degradative routes. A plasma enzyme called autotaxin (ATX) is responsible for the most of LPA production in our bodies. ATX converts lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine to LPA by its lysophospholipase D activity. Recent studies on ATX have revealed new aspects of LPA. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of LPA functions and several aspects of ATX, including its activity, expression, structure, biochemical properties, the mechanism by which it stimulates cell motility and its pahto-physiological function through LPA production.
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48
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Morishige JI, Urikura M, Takagi H, Hirano K, Koike T, Tanaka T, Satouchi K. A clean-up technology for the simultaneous determination of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a phosphate-capture molecule, Phos-tag. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1075-1084. [PMID: 20213695 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are growth factor-like lipids having a phosphate group. The concentrations of these mediator lipids in blood are considered to be potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer or vascular diseases. Here, we report a method for simultaneous determination of LPA and S1P using Phos-tag, a zinc complex that specifically binds to a phosphate-monoester group. Although both LPA and S1P are hydrophilic compounds, we found that they acquire hydrophobic properties when they form complexes with Phos-tag. Based on this finding, we developed a method for the enrichment of LPA and S1P from biological samples. The first partition in a two-phase solvent system consisting of chloroform/methanol/water (1:1:0.9, v/v/v) is conducted for the removal of lipids. LPA and S1P are specifically extracted as Phos-tag complexes at the second partition by adding Phos-tag. The Phos-tag complexes of LPA and S1P are detectable by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and quantifiable based on the relative intensities of ions using 17:0 LPA and C17 S1P as internal standards. The protocol was validated by analyses of these mediator lipids in calf serum, a rat brain and a lung. The clean-up protocol is rapid, requires neither thin-layer chromatography (TLC) nor liquid chromatography (LC), and is applicable to both blood and solid tissue samples. We believe that our protocol will be useful for a routine analysis of LPA and S1P in many clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Morishige
- Research Center for Green Science, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
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49
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Torti M, Festetics ET, Bertoni A, Moratti R, Balduini C, Sinigaglia F. Lysophosphatidic acid induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the absence of phospholipase C activation in human platelets. Platelets 2010; 8:181-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09537109709169335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Choi JW, Herr DR, Noguchi K, Yung YC, Lee CW, Mutoh T, Lin ME, Teo ST, Park KE, Mosley AN, Chun J. LPA receptors: subtypes and biological actions. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 50:157-86. [PMID: 20055701 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small, ubiquitous phospholipid that acts as an extracellular signaling molecule by binding to and activating at least five known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): LPA(1)-LPA(5). They are encoded by distinct genes named LPAR1-LPAR5 in humans and Lpar1-Lpar5 in mice. The biological roles of LPA are diverse and include developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological effects. This diversity is mediated by broad and overlapping expression patterns and multiple downstream signaling pathways activated by cognate LPA receptors. Studies using cloned receptors and genetic knockout mice have been instrumental in uncovering the significance of this signaling system, notably involving basic cellular processes as well as multiple organ systems such as the nervous system. This has further provided valuable proof-of-concept data to support LPA receptors and LPA metabolic enzymes as targets for the treatment of medically important diseases that include neuropsychiatric disorders, neuropathic pain, infertility, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Helen L. Dorris Institute for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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