1
|
Lin Y, Gao R, Jing D, Liu Y, Da H, Birnbaumer L, Yang Y, Gao X, Gao Z, Cao Q. TRPC absence induces pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization to promote obesity and exacerbate colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392328. [PMID: 38835669 PMCID: PMC11148282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During the past half-century, although numerous interventions for obesity have arisen, the condition's prevalence has relentlessly escalated annually. Obesity represents a substantial public health challenge, especially due to its robust correlation with co-morbidities, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), which often thrives in an inflammatory tumor milieu. Of note, individuals with obesity commonly present with calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, a subclass within the broader TRP family, function as critical calcium transporters in calcium-mediated signaling pathways. However, the exact role of TRPC channels in both obesity and CRC pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study set out to elucidate the part played by TRPC channels in obesity and CRC development using a mouse model lacking all seven TRPC proteins (TRPC HeptaKO mice). Relative to wild-type counterparts, TRPC HeptaKO mice manifested severe obesity, evidenced by significantly heightened body weights, augmented weights of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), increased hepatic lipid deposition, and raised serum levels of total cholesterol (T-CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Moreover, TRPC deficiency was accompanied by an decrease in thermogenic molecules like PGC1-α and UCP1, alongside a upsurge in inflammatory factors within adipose tissue. Mechanistically, it was revealed that pro-inflammatory factors originating from inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue triggered lipid accumulation and exacerbated obesity-related phenotypes. Intriguingly, considering the well-established connection between obesity and disrupted gut microbiota balance, substantial changes in the gut microbiota composition were detected in TRPC HeptaKO mice, contributing to CRC development. This study provides valuable insights into the role and underlying mechanisms of TRPC deficiency in obesity and its related complication, CRC. Our findings offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of adverse effects associated with TRPC inhibitors, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies for obesity and CRC prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Lin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongquan Jing
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Da
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hayato R, Matsumoto T, Higure Y. Ca2+ Depletion in the ER Causes Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry via the TRPC6 Channel in Mouse Brown Adipocytes. Physiol Res 2024; 73:69-80. [PMID: 38466006 PMCID: PMC11019620 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
beta3-adrenergic activation causes Ca2+ release from the mitochondria and subsequent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), evoking store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) due to Ca2+ depletion from the ER in mouse brown adipocytes. In this study, we investigated how Ca2+ depletion from the ER elicits SOCE in mouse brown adipocytes using fluorometry of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The administration of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a reversible sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump blocker in the ER, caused an increase in [Ca2+]i. Moreover, CPA induced SOCE was suppressed by the administration of a Ca2+ free Krebs solution and the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) selective blockers 2-APB, ML-9 and GsMTx-4 but not Pico145, which blocks TRPC1/4/5. Administration of TRPC6 channel agonist 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and flufenamic acid elicited Ca2+ entry. Moreover, our RT-PCR analyses detected mRNAs for TRPC6 in brown adipose tissues. In addition, western blot analyses showed the expression of the TRPC6 protein. Thus, TRPC6 is one of the Ca2+ pathways involved in SOCE. These modes of Ca2+ entry provide the basis for heat production via activation of Ca2+-dependent dehydrogenase and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Enhancing thermogenic metabolism in brown adipocytes may serve as broad therapeutic utility to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hayato
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Takenoyama, Nissin-City, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu F, Bu S, Wang H. Role of TRP Channels in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:692. [PMID: 38255767 PMCID: PMC10815096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), with its high prevalence and significant impact on cardiovascular disease, poses a substantial threat to human health. The early identification of pathological abnormalities related to MetS and prevention of the risk of associated diseases is of paramount importance. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a type of nonselective cation channel, are expressed in a variety of tissues and have been implicated in the onset and progression of numerous metabolism-related diseases. This study aims to review and discuss the expression and function of TRP channels in metabolism-related tissues and blood vessels, and to elucidate the interactions and mechanisms between TRP channels and metabolism-related diseases. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords such as TRP channels, metabolic syndrome, pancreas, liver, oxidative stress, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis across various academic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI. Our review of the current research suggests that TRP channels may be involved in the development of metabolism-related diseases by regulating insulin secretion and release, lipid metabolism, vascular functional activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. TRP channels, as nonselective cation channels, play pivotal roles in sensing various intra- and extracellular stimuli and regulating ion homeostasis by osmosis. They present potential new targets for the diagnosis or treatment of metabolism-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (F.W.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jawaid S, Herring AI, Getsy PM, Lewis SJ, Watanabe M, Kolesova H. Differential immunostaining patterns of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the rat nodose ganglion. J Anat 2022; 241:230-244. [PMID: 35396708 PMCID: PMC9296033 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal afferents regulate numerous physiological functions including arterial blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and nociception. Cell bodies of vagal afferents reside in the inferior vagal (nodose) ganglia and their stimulation by various means is being considered as a way to regulate cardiorespiratory responses and control pain sensations. Stimulation of the nodose by exposure to infrared light is recently being considered as a precise way to elicit responses. These responses would likely involve the activity of temperature-sensitive membrane-bound channels. While papers have been published to track the expression of these transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs), further studies are warranted to determine the in situ expression of the endogenous TRP proteins in the nodose ganglia to fully understand their pattern of expression, subcellular locations, and functions in this animal model. TRP ion channels are a superfamily of Na+ /Ca2+ -channels whose members are temperature- and/or mechano-sensitive and therefore represent a potential set of proteins that will be activated directly or indirectly by infrared light. Here, we report the spatial localization of six TRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPC1, from nodose ganglia taken from juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats. The channels were detected using immunohistology with fluorescent tags on cryosections and imaged using confocal microscopy. All six TRP channels were detected with different levels of intensity in neuronal cell bodies and some were also detected in axonal fibers and blood vessels. The TRP receptors differed in their prevalence, in their patterns of expression, and in subcellular expression/localization. More specifically, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPC1, and TRPM3 were found in vagal afferent cell bodies with a wide range of immunostaining intensity from neuron to neuron. Immunostaining for TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPA1 appeared as fine particles scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cell body. Intense TRPV1 immunostaining was also evident in a subset of axonal fibers. TRPM8 and TRPC1 were expressed in courser particles suggesting different subcellular compartments than for TRPV1. The localization of TRPM3 differed markedly from the other TRP channels with an immunostaining pattern that was localized to the periphery of a subset of cell bodies, whereas a scattering or no immunostaining was detected within the bulk of the cytoplasm. TRPV4 and TRPC1 were also expressed on the walls of blood vessels. The finding that all six TRP channels (representing four subfamilies) were present in the nodose ganglia provides the basis for studies designed to understand the roles of these channels in sensory transmission within vagal afferent fibers and in the responses elicited by exposure of nodose ganglia to infrared light and other stimuli. Depending on the location and functionality of the TRP channels, they may regulate the flux of Na+ /Ca2+ -across the membranes of cell bodies and axons of sensory afferents, efferent (motor) fibers coursing through the ganglia, and in vascular smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Jawaid
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Amanda I. Herring
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Hana Kolesova
- Department of Anatomy, First Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Distribution and Assembly of TRP Ion Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1349:111-138. [PMID: 35138613 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last several decades, a large family of ion channels have been identified and studied intensively as cellular sensors for diverse physical and/or chemical stimuli. Named transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, they play critical roles in various aspects of cellular physiology. A large number of human hereditary diseases are found to be linked to TRP channel mutations, and their dysregulations lead to acute or chronical health problems. As TRP channels are named and categorized mostly based on sequence homology rather than functional similarities, they exhibit substantial functional diversity. Rapid advances in TRP channel study have been made in recent years and reported in a vast body of literature; a summary of the latest advancements becomes necessary. This chapter offers an overview of current understandings of TRP channel distribution and subunit assembly.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bukowski MR, Singh BB, Roemmich JN, Claycombe-Larson KJ. Lipidomic Analysis of TRPC1 Ca 2+-Permeable Channel-Knock Out Mouse Demonstrates a Vital Role in Placental Tissue Sphingolipid and Triacylglycerol Homeostasis Under Maternal High-Fat Diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:854269. [PMID: 35360063 PMCID: PMC8960927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.854269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) is a ubiquitous Ca2+-permeable integral membrane protein present in most tissues, including adipose and placenta, and functionally regulates energetic homeostasis. We demonstrated that elimination of TRPC1 in a mouse model increased body adiposity and limited adipose accumulation under a high fat diet (HFD) even under conditions of exercise. Additionally, intracellular Ca2+ regulates membrane lipid content via the activation of the protein kinase C pathway, which may impact placental membrane lipid content and structure. Based upon this we investigated the effect of HFD and TRPC1 elimination on neutral lipids (triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester), membrane lipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine), and other multifunctional lipid species (unesterified cholesterol, sphingomyelins, ceramides). The concentration of unesterified cholesterol and sphingomyelin increased with gestational age (E12.5 to E 18.5.) indicating possible increases in plasma membrane fluidity. Diet-dependent increases ceramide concentration at E12.5 suggest a pro-inflammatory role for HFD in early gestation. TRPC1-dependent decreases in cholesterol ester concentration with concomitant increases in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid -containing triacylglycerols indicate a disruption of neutral lipid homeostasis that may be tied to Ca2+ regulation. These results align with changes in lipid content observed in studies of preeclamptic human placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Bukowski, ; Kate J. Claycombe-Larson,
| | - Brij B. Singh
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James N. Roemmich
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kate J. Claycombe-Larson
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Bukowski, ; Kate J. Claycombe-Larson,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Yang D, Xiang J, Zhou J, Cao H, Che Q, Bai Y, Guo J, Su Z. Non-shivering Thermogenesis Signalling Regulation and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Brown Adipose Tissue. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2853-2870. [PMID: 34345212 PMCID: PMC8326120 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, thermogenic organs exist in the body that increase heat production and enhance energy regulation. Because brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes energy and generates heat, increasing energy expenditure via BAT might be a potential strategy for new treatments for obesity and obesity-related diseases. Thermogenic differentiation affects normal adipose tissue generation, emphasizing the critical role that common transcriptional regulation factors might play in common characteristics and sources. An understanding of thermogenic differentiation and related factors could help in developing ways to improve obesity indirectly or directly through targeting of specific signalling pathways. Many studies have shown that the active components of various natural products promote thermogenesis through various signalling pathways. This article reviews recent major advances in this field, including those in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA), cyclic guanosine monophosphate-GMP-dependent protein kinase G (cGMP-AKT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenic protein (TGF-β/BMP), transient receptor potential (TRP), Wnt, nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κΒ), Notch and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways in brown and brown-like adipose tissue. To provide effective information for future research on weight-loss nutraceuticals or drugs, this review also highlights the natural products and their active ingredients that have been reported in recent years to affect thermogenesis and thus contribute to weight loss via the above signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engneering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun W, Luo Y, Zhang F, Tang S, Zhu T. Involvement of TRP Channels in Adipocyte Thermogenesis: An Update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686173. [PMID: 34249940 PMCID: PMC8264417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence became a severe global health problem and it is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis or energy dissipation. Thus, modulation of BAT thermogenesis might be a promising application for body weight control and obesity prevention. TRP channels are non-selective calcium-permeable cation channels mainly located on the plasma membrane. As a research focus, TRP channels have been reported to be involved in the thermogenesis of adipose tissue, energy metabolism and body weight regulation. In this review, we will summarize and update the recent progress of the pathological/physiological involvement of TRP channels in adipocyte thermogenesis. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of TRP channels as future therapeutic targets for preventing and combating human obesity and related-metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun W, Yu Z, Yang S, Jiang C, Kou Y, Xiao L, Tang S, Zhu T. A Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Patterns of Gene Expression During 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:564339. [PMID: 33195411 PMCID: PMC7525235 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.564339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass that results from increased fat cell size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes play a critical role for better understanding of the pathological mechanism of obesity. However, the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation is still unclear. Objective The present study aims to compare the gene expression changes during adipocyte differentiation in the transcriptomic level, which may help to better understand the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, GO and KEGG analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and oil red O staining methods were used in this study. Results A lot of genes were up- or down-regulated between each two differentiation stages of 3T3-L1 cells. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and oxidation–reduction reaction were mainly involved in the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. Decreased immune response and cell cycle adhesion occurred in the late phase of adipocyte differentiation, which was demonstrated by divergent expression pattern analysis. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of Trpv4, Trpm4, Trpm5, and Trpm7 were significantly decreased in the differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of Trpv1, Trpv2, Trpv6, and Trpc1 were significantly increased in the differentiated adipocytes. Besides, the mRNA expressions of TRPV2 and TRPM7 were also significantly increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue from diet-induced mice. In addition, the activation of TRPM7, TRPV1, and TRPV2 suppressed the differentiation of adipocytes. Conclusion These data present the description of transcription profile changes during adipocyte differentiation and provides an in-depth analysis of the possible mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation. These data offer new insight into the understanding of the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen X, Sooch G, Demaree IS, White FA, Obukhov AG. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) Channels: Then and Now. Cells 2020; 9:E1983. [PMID: 32872338 PMCID: PMC7565274 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, the first mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel was cloned, opening the vast horizon of the TRPC field. Today, we know that there are seven TRPC channels (TRPC1-7). TRPCs exhibit the highest protein sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster TRP channels. Similar to Drosophila TRPs, TRPCs are localized to the plasma membrane and are activated in a G-protein-coupled receptor-phospholipase C-dependent manner. TRPCs may also be stimulated in a store-operated manner, via receptor tyrosine kinases, or by lysophospholipids, hypoosmotic solutions, and mechanical stimuli. Activated TRPCs allow the influx of Ca2+ and monovalent alkali cations into the cytosol of cells, leading to cell depolarization and rising intracellular Ca2+ concentration. TRPCs are involved in the continually growing number of cell functions. Furthermore, mutations in the TRPC6 gene are associated with hereditary diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The most important recent breakthrough in TRPC research was the solving of cryo-EM structures of TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6. These structural data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TRPCs' functional properties and propelled the development of new modulators of the channels. This review provides a historical overview of the major advances in the TRPC field focusing on the role of gene knockouts and pharmacological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Gagandeep Sooch
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Isaac S. Demaree
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Fletcher A. White
- The Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|