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Liu C, Yang P, Wang X, Xiang B, E G, Huang Y. Candidate circRNAs related to skeletal muscle development in Dazu black goats. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2286609. [PMID: 38032316 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2286609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (CircRNA), as a classical noncoding RNA, has been proven to regulate skeletal muscle development (SMD). However, the molecular genetic basis of circRNA regulation in muscle cells remains unclear. In this study, the expression patterns of circRNAs in the longissimus dorsi muscle at embryonic day 75 and postnatal day 1 in DBGs were investigated to identify the key circRNAs that play an important role in SMD in goats. A total of 140 significantly and differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified among the groups at different developmental stages. Among the 116 host genes (HGs) of DEcircRNAs, 76 were significantly and differentially expressed, which was confirmed by previous RNA_seq data. Furthermore, the expression pattern of 10 DEcircRNAs with RT-qPCR was verified, which showed 80% concordance rate with that of RNA_seq datasets. Moreover, the authenticity of seven randomly selected DEcircRNAs was verified by PCR Sanger sequencing. Based on the functional annotation results, among the 76 significantly and differentially expressed HGs, 74 were enriched in 845 GO terms, whereas 35 were annotated to 85 KEGG pathways. The results of this study could provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of circRNAs involved in SMD and muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baiju Xiang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Qiu L, Sun Y, Ning H, Chen G, Zhao W, Gao Y. The scaffold protein AXIN1: gene ontology, signal network, and physiological function. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:77. [PMID: 38291457 PMCID: PMC10826278 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AXIN1, has been initially identified as a prominent antagonist within the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and subsequently unveiled its integral involvement across a diverse spectrum of signaling cascades. These encompass the WNT/β-catenin, Hippo, TGFβ, AMPK, mTOR, MAPK, and antioxidant signaling pathways. The versatile engagement of AXIN1 underscores its pivotal role in the modulation of developmental biological signaling, maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and coordination of cellular stress responses. The multifaceted functionalities of AXIN1 render it as a compelling candidate for targeted intervention in the realms of degenerative pathologies, systemic metabolic disorders, cancer therapeutics, and anti-aging strategies. This review provides an intricate exploration of the mechanisms governing mammalian AXIN1 gene expression and protein turnover since its initial discovery, while also elucidating its significance in the regulation of signaling pathways, tissue development, and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we have introduced the innovative concept of the AXIN1-Associated Phosphokinase Complex (AAPC), where the scaffold protein AXIN1 assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating site-specific phosphorylation modifications through interactions with various phosphokinases and their respective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Unver S, Yigit S, Tural E, Yigit E, Atan T. Evaluation of a circadian rhythm gene (PER3) VNTR variant in Turkish athletes. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:173-183. [PMID: 37610137 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2248198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian rhythmicity has been shown to contribute to the regulation of key physiological and cognitive processes related to performance. The period homolog 3 (PER3) is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the variable tandem repeat (VNTR) variant of the PER3 gene in athletic performance in the Turkish population. METHODS This study included 223 subjects, which consisted of 123 athletes and 100 sedentary controls. Blood samples were drawn from all subjects. DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples. The PER3 VNTR variant was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction method (PCR). The results of the analyses were evaluated for statistical significance. RESULTS The mean ages of athletes and controls were 22 ± 2.814 and 23 ± 3.561, respectively. Endurance athletes in the group were 21.1%, and sprint athletes were 78.9%. There was no statistical significance in terms of PER3 VNTR genotype distribution or allele frequency. In the recessive model, a statistically significant association was observed when the athletes were compared with the controls according to 4/4 + 4/5 versus 5/5 genotype (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION In this case-control study, for the first time in our country, we obtained findings suggesting that the PER3 VNTR variant may affect sports performance in the Turkish population. Results need to be replicated in different ethnic and larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saban Unver
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ercan Tural
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ercument Yigit
- Department of Sports Management, School of Physical Education and Sports, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Atan
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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Liang J, Liu Q, Xia L, Lin J, Oyang L, Tan S, Peng Q, Jiang X, Xu X, Wu N, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Yang Y, Liao Q, Zhou Y. Rac1 promotes the reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the growth of colon cancer cells through upregulating SOX9. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:822-836. [PMID: 36369902 PMCID: PMC9986058 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is the survival rule of tumor cells, and tumor cells can meet their high metabolic requirements by changing the energy metabolism mode. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is an important biochemical basis of tumor malignant phenotypes. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and plays an important role in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells. However, the role of Rac1 in tumor metabolic reprogramming is still unclear. Herein, we revealed that Rac1 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Rac1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by upregulating SOX9, which as a transcription factor can directly bind to the promoters of HK2 and G6PD genes and regulate their transcriptional activity. Rac1 upregulates the expression of SOX9 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, Rac1 can promote glycolysis and the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway in colon cancer cells by mediating the axis of SOX9/HK2/G6PD. These findings reveal novel regulatory axes involving Rac1/SOX9/HK2/G6PD in the development and progression of colon cancer, providing novel promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
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5
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Understanding the female athlete: molecular mechanisms underpinning menstrual phase differences in exercise metabolism. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:423-450. [PMID: 36402915 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research should equitably reflect responses in men and women. Including women in research, however, necessitates an understanding of the ovarian hormones and menstrual phase variations in both cellular and systems physiology. This review outlines recent advances in the multiplicity of ovarian hormone molecular signaling that elucidates the mechanisms for menstrual phase variability in exercise metabolism. The prominent endogenous estrogen, 17-β-estradiol (E2), molecular structure is bioactive in stabilizing plasma membranes and quenching free radicals and both E2 and progesterone (P4) promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in the late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases. E2 and P4 bind nuclear hormone receptors and membrane-bound receptors to regulate gene expression directly or indirectly, which importantly includes cross-regulated expression of their own receptors. Activation of membrane-bound receptors also regulates kinases causing rapid cellular responses. Careful analysis of these signaling pathways explains menstrual phase-specific differences. Namely, E2-promoted plasma glucose uptake during exercise, via GLUT4 expression and kinases, is nullified by E2-dominant suppression of gluconeogenic gene expression in LF and ML phases, ameliorated by carbohydrate ingestion. E2 signaling maximizes fat oxidation capacity in LF and ML phases, pending low-moderate exercise intensities, restricted nutrient availability, and high E2:P4 ratios. P4 increases protein catabolism during the luteal phase by indeterminate mechanisms. Satellite cell function supported by E2-targeted gene expression is countered by P4, explaining greater muscle strengthening from follicular phase-based training. In totality, this integrative review provides causative effects, supported by meta-analyses for quantitative actuality, highlighting research opportunities and evidence-based relevance for female athletes.
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Liu S, Qi R, Zhang J, Zhang C, Chen L, Yao Z, Niu W. Kalirin mediates Rac1 activation downstream of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to stimulate glucose uptake during muscle contraction. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3159-3175. [PMID: 35716086 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. C2C12 myotubes were contracted by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), and treadmill running was used to exercise mice. The activities of CaMKII, the small G protein Rac1, and the Rac1 effector kinase PAK1 were elevated in muscle by running exercise or EPS, while they were lowered by the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 and/or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. EPS induced the mRNA and protein expression of the Rac1-GEF Kalirin in a CaMKII-dependent manner. EPS-induced Rac1 activation was lowered by the Kalirin inhibitor ITX3 or siRNA-mediated Kalirin knockdown. KN-93, ITX3, and siRNA-mediated Kalirin knockdown reduced EPS-induced glucose uptake. These findings define a CaMKII-Kalirin-Rac1 signaling pathway that contributes to contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle myotubes and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Rui Qi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Liming Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, China
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7
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Characteristics of the Protocols Used in Electrical Pulse Stimulation of Cultured Cells for Mimicking In Vivo Exercise: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113446. [PMID: 36362233 PMCID: PMC9657802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While exercise benefits a wide spectrum of diseases and affects most tissues and organs, many aspects of its underlying mechanistic effects remain unsolved. In vitro exercise, mimicking neuronal signals leading to muscle contraction in vitro, can be a valuable tool to address this issue. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched EMBASE and PubMed (from database inception to 4 February 2022) for relevant studies assessing in vitro exercise using electrical pulse stimulation to mimic exercise. Meta-analyses of mean differences and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Of 985 reports identified, 41 were eligible for analysis. We observed variability among existing protocols of in vitro exercise and heterogeneity among protocols of the same type of exercise. Our analyses showed that AMPK, Akt, IL-6, and PGC1a levels and glucose uptake increased in stimulated compared to non-stimulated cells, following the patterns of in vivo exercise, and that these effects correlated with the duration of stimulation. We conclude that in vitro exercise follows motifs of exercise in humans, allowing biological parameters, such as the aforementioned, to be valuable tools in defining the types of in vitro exercise. It might be useful in transferring obtained knowledge to human research.
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8
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Draicchio F, Behrends V, Tillin NA, Hurren NM, Sylow L, Mackenzie R. Involvement of the extracellular matrix and integrin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Physiol 2022; 600:4393-4408. [PMID: 36054466 PMCID: PMC9826115 DOI: 10.1113/jp283039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body euglycaemia is partly maintained by two cellular processes that encourage glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, the insulin- and contraction-stimulated pathways, with research suggesting convergence between these two processes. The normal structural integrity of the skeletal muscle requires an intact actin cytoskeleton as well as integrin-associated proteins, and thus those structures are likely fundamental for effective glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In contrast, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and integrin expression in skeletal muscle may contribute to insulin resistance owing to an increased physical barrier causing reduced nutrient and hormonal flux. This review explores the role of the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton in insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. This is a clinically important area of research given that defects in the structural integrity of the ECM and integrin-associated proteins may contribute to loss of muscle function and decreased glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Draicchio
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Neale A. Tillin
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Nicholas M. Hurren
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer & Ageing Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
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9
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Liu S, Zhang J, Qi R, Deng B, Ni Y, Zhang C, Niu W. CaMKII and Kalirin, a Rac1-GEF, regulate Akt phosphorylation involved in contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:170-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Zhang C, Wang Q, Liu AQ, Zhang C, Liu LH, Lu LF, Tu J, Zhang YA. MicroRNA miR-155 inhibits cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication via regulating AMPK-MAVS-IFN axis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:104335. [PMID: 34929233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since emerged in the late 1990s, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has caused huge economic losses in common and koi carp culture worldwide. Accumulating evidences suggest that teleost fish microRNA (miRNA), a class of non-coding RNA of ∼22 nucleotides, can participate in many cellular processes, especially in host antiviral defenses. However, the roles of miRNAs in CyHV-3 infection are still unclear. Here, using high-throughput miRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification, we found that miR-155 was significantly upregulated in common carp brain (CCB) cells upon CyHV-3 infection. Overexpression of miR-155 effectively inhibited CyHV-3 replication in CCB cells and promoted type I interferon (IFN-I) expression. Further study revealed that miR-155 targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and that AMPK could interact with and degrade the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), resulting in the reduction of interferon (IFN) expression. Collectively, our results show that miR-155, induced by CyHV-3 infection, exhibits anti-CyHV-3 activity via regulating AMPK-MAVS-IFN axis, which will help design anti-CyHV-3 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan-Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Abstract
The energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) and the master scaffolding protein, AXIN, are two major regulators of biological processes in metazoans. AXIN-dependent regulation of AMPK activation plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during glucose-deprived and energy-stressed conditions. The two proteins are also required for muscle function. While studies have refined our knowledge of various cellular events that promote the formation of AXIN-AMPK complexes and the involvement of effector proteins, more work is needed to understand precisely how the pathway is regulated in response to various forms of stress. In this review, we discuss recent data on AXIN and AMPK interaction and its role in physiological changes leading to improved muscle health and an extension of lifespan. We argue that AXIN-AMPK signaling plays an essential role in maintaining muscle function and manipulating the pathway in a tissue-specific manner could delay muscle aging. Therefore, research on understanding the factors that regulate AXIN-AMPK signaling holds the potential for developing novel therapeutics to slow down or revert the age-associated decline in muscle function, thereby extending the healthspan of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mallick
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Bhagwati P. Gupta
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4K1, Canada
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12
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Horiike M, Ogawa Y, Kawada S. Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R572-R587. [PMID: 34431403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00269.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxic conditions are known to accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration after injuries. In the early phase of regeneration, macrophages invade the injured area and subsequently secrete various growth factors, which regulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although hyperoxic conditions accelerate muscle regeneration, it is unknown whether this effect is indirectly mediated by macrophages. Here, using C2C12 cells, we show that not only hyperoxia but also hypoxia enhance myoblast proliferation directly, without accelerating differentiation into myotubes. Under hyperoxic conditions (95% O2 + 5% CO2), the cell membrane was damaged because of lipid oxidization, and a disrupted cytoskeletal structure, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation. However, a culture medium containing vitamin C (VC), an antioxidant, prevented this lipid oxidization and cytoskeletal disruption, resulting in enhanced proliferation in response to hyperoxia exposure of ≤4 h/day. In contrast, exposure to hypoxic conditions (95% N2 + 5% CO2) for ≤8 h/day enhanced cell proliferation. Hyperoxia did not promote cell differentiation into myotubes, regardless of whether the culture medium contained VC. Similarly, hypoxia did not accelerate cell differentiation. These results suggest that regardless of hyperoxia or hypoxia, changes in oxygen tension can enhance cell proliferation directly, but do not influence differentiation efficiency in C2C12 cells. Moreover, excess oxidative stress abrogated the enhancement of myoblast proliferation induced by hyperoxia. This research will contribute to basic data for applying the effects of hyperoxia or hypoxia to muscle regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Horiike
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kawada
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Li J, Knudsen JR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Birk JB, Persson KW, Hellsten Y, Offergeld A, Jarassier W, Le Grand F, Schjerling P, Wojtaszewski JFP, Jensen TE. AXIN1 knockout does not alter AMPK/mTORC1 regulation and glucose metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3081-3100. [PMID: 33913171 DOI: 10.1113/jp281187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific AXIN1 knockout (AXIN1 imKO) in mouse does not affect whole-body energy substrate metabolism. AXIN1 imKO does not affect AICAR or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle. AXIN1 imKO does not affect adult skeletal muscle AMPK or mTORC1 signalling during AICAR/insulin/amino acid incubation, contraction and exercise. During exercise, α2/β2/γ3AMPK and AMP/ATP ratio show greater increases in AXIN1 imKO than wild-type in gastrocnemius muscle. ABSTRACT AXIN1 is a scaffold protein known to interact with >20 proteins in signal transduction pathways regulating cellular development and function. Recently, AXIN1 was proposed to assemble a protein complex essential to catabolic-anabolic transition by coordinating AMPK activation and inactivation of mTORC1 and to regulate glucose uptake-stimulation by both AMPK and insulin. To investigate whether AXIN1 is permissive for adult skeletal muscle function, a phenotypic in vivo and ex vivo characterization of tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific AXIN1 knockout (AXIN1 imKO) mice was conducted. AXIN1 imKO did not influence AMPK/mTORC1 signalling or glucose uptake stimulation at rest or in response to different exercise/contraction protocols, pharmacological AMPK activation, insulin or amino acids stimulation. The only genotypic difference observed was in exercising gastrocnemius muscle, where AXIN1 imKO displayed elevated α2/β2/γ3 AMPK activity and AMP/ATP ratio compared to wild-type mice. Our work shows that AXIN1 imKO generally does not affect skeletal muscle AMPK/mTORC1 signalling and glucose metabolism, probably due to functional redundancy of its homologue AXIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Microsystems Laboratory 2, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar W Persson
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anika Offergeld
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - William Jarassier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Machin PA, Tsonou E, Hornigold DC, Welch HCE. Rho Family GTPases and Rho GEFs in Glucose Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040915. [PMID: 33923452 PMCID: PMC8074089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis leading to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is the cause of an increasing world health crisis. New intriguing roles have emerged for Rho family GTPases and their Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activators in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. This review summates the current knowledge, focusing in particular on the roles of Rho GEFs in the processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. We discuss the ten Rho GEFs that are known so far to regulate glucose homeostasis, nine of which are in mammals, and one is in yeast. Among the mammalian Rho GEFs, P-Rex1, Vav2, Vav3, Tiam1, Kalirin and Plekhg4 were shown to mediate the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and/or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. The Rho GEFs P-Rex1, Vav2, Tiam1 and β-PIX were found to control the glucose-stimulated release of insulin by pancreatic β cells. In vivo studies demonstrated the involvement of the Rho GEFs P-Rex2, Vav2, Vav3 and PDZ-RhoGEF in glucose tolerance and/or insulin sensitivity, with deletion of these GEFs either contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome or protecting from it. This research is in its infancy. Considering that over 80 Rho GEFs exist, it is likely that future research will identify more roles for Rho GEFs in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly A. Machin
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Elpida Tsonou
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK;
| | - David C. Hornigold
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK;
| | - Heidi C. E. Welch
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1223-496-596
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15
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A new degree of complexi(n)ty in the regulation of GLUT4 trafficking. Biochem J 2021; 478:1315-1319. [PMID: 33821970 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle is a crucial event participating in the defect of whole-body metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, identification by Pavarotti et al. (Biochem. J (2021) 478 (2): 407-422) of complexin-2 as an important contributor to glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to muscle cell plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation is essential. The present commentary discusses the biological importance of the findings and proposes future challenges and opportunities.
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16
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Yue Y, Zhang C, Zhao X, Liu S, Lv X, Zhang S, Yang J, Chen L, Duan H, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Niu W. Tiam1 mediates Rac1 activation and contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21210. [PMID: 33225507 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001312r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle requires Rac1, but the molecular mechanism of its activation is not fully understood. Treadmill running was applied to induce C57BL/6 mouse hind limb skeletal muscle contraction in vivo and electrical pulse stimulation contracted C2C12 myotube cultures in vitro. The protein levels or activities of AMPK or the Rac1-specific GEF, Tiam1, were manipulated by activators, inhibitors, siRNA-mediated knockdown, and adenovirus-mediated expression. Activated Rac1 was detected by a pull-down assay and immunoblotting. Glucose uptake was measured using the 2-NBD-glucose fluorescent analog. Electrical pulse stimulated contraction or treadmill exercise upregulated the expression of Tiam1 in skeletal muscle in an AMPK-dependent manner. Axin1 siRNA-mediated knockdown diminished AMPK activation and upregulation of Tiam1 protein expression by contraction. Tiam1 siRNA-mediated knockdown diminished contraction-induced Rac1 activation, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake. Contraction increased Tiam1 gene expression and serine phosphorylation of Tiam1 protein via AMPK. These findings suggest Tiam1 is part of an AMPK-Tiam1-Rac1 signaling pathway that mediates contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sasa Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shitian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongquan Duan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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17
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The acute vs. chronic effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity: nothing lasts forever. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 10:149-161. [PMID: 34386716 PMCID: PMC8352615 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Regular exercise causes chronic adaptations in anatomy/physiology that provide first-line defense for disease prevention/treatment (‘exercise is medicine’). However, transient changes in function that occur following each exercise bout (acute effect) are also important to consider. For example, in contrast to chronic adaptations, the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity is predominantly rooted in a prolonged acute effect (PAE) that can last up to 72 h. Untrained individuals and individuals with lower insulin sensitivity benefit more from this effect and even trained individuals with high insulin sensitivity restore most of a detraining-induced loss following one session of resumed training. Consequently, exercise to combat insulin resistance that begins the pathological journey to cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be prescribed with precision to elicit a PAE on insulin sensitivity to serve as a first-line defense prior to pharmaceutical intervention or, when such intervention is necessary, a potential adjunct to it. Video Abstract: http://links.lww.com/CAEN/A27
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18
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Møller LLV, Nielsen IL, Knudsen JR, Andersen NR, Jensen TE, Sylow L, Richter EA. The p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2), but not PAK1, regulates contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose transport. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14460. [PMID: 32597567 PMCID: PMC7322983 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Muscle contraction stimulates skeletal muscle glucose transport. Since it occurs independently of insulin, it is an important alternative pathway to increase glucose transport in insulin-resistant states, but the intracellular signaling mechanisms are not fully understood. Muscle contraction activates group I p21-activated kinases (PAKs) in mouse and human skeletal muscle. PAK1 and PAK2 are downstream targets of Rac1, which is a key regulator of contraction-stimulated glucose transport. Thus, PAK1 and PAK2 could be downstream effectors of Rac1 in contraction-stimulated glucose transport. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that PAK1 and/or PAK2 regulate contraction-induced glucose transport. METHODS Glucose transport was measured in isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) mouse skeletal muscle incubated either in the presence or absence of a pharmacological inhibitor (IPA-3) of group I PAKs or originating from whole-body PAK1 knockout, muscle-specific PAK2 knockout or double whole-body PAK1 and muscle-specific PAK2 knockout mice. RESULTS IPA-3 attenuated (-22%) the increase in glucose transport in response to electrically stimulated contractions in soleus and EDL muscle. PAK1 was dispensable for contraction-stimulated glucose transport in both soleus and EDL muscle. Lack of PAK2, either alone (-13%) or in combination with PAK1 (-14%), partly reduced contraction-stimulated glucose transport compared to control littermates in EDL, but not soleus muscle. CONCLUSION Contraction-stimulated glucose transport in isolated glycolytic mouse EDL muscle is partly dependent on PAK2, but not PAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth L. V. Møller
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ida L. Nielsen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonas R. Knudsen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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