Winnick JJ, Sherman WM, Habash DL, Stout MB, Failla ML, Belury MA, Schuster DP. Short-term aerobic exercise training in obese humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus improves whole-body insulin sensitivity through gains in peripheral, not hepatic insulin sensitivity.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;
93:771-8. [PMID:
18073312 PMCID:
PMC2266960 DOI:
10.1210/jc.2007-1524]
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Abstract
CONTEXT
Short-term aerobic exercise training can improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the contributions of peripheral and hepatic tissues to these improvements are not known.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to determine the effect of 7-d aerobic exercise training on peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity during isoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions.
DESIGN
Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The energy balance group consumed an isocaloric diet consisting of 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 20% protein for 15 d. The energy balance plus exercise group consumed a similar diet over the 15 d and performed 50-min of treadmill walking at 70% of maximum oxygen consumption maximum during the second 7 d of the 15-d study period. Each subject underwent an initial isoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp after 1-wk dietary control and a second clamp after completing the study.
SETTING
The study was performed at Ohio State University's General Clinical Research Center.
PARTICIPANTS
There were 18 obese, mildly diabetic humans included in the study.
INTERVENTION
Aerobic exercise training was performed for 7 d.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Whole-body, peripheral, and hepatic insulin sensitivity were measured.
RESULTS
Exercise training did not have an impact on peripheral glucose uptake or endogenous glucose production during the basal state or low-dose insulin. Likewise, it did not alter endogenous glucose production during high-dose insulin. However, 1-wk of exercise training increased both whole-body (P<0.05) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (P<0.0001) during high-dose insulin.
CONCLUSION
Improvements to whole body insulin sensitivity after short-term aerobic exercise training are due to gains in peripheral, not heptic insulin sensitivity.
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