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Venkatraman K, Lee CT, Budin I. Setting the curve: the biophysical properties of lipids in mitochondrial form and function. J Lipid Res 2024:100643. [PMID: 39303982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membranes are defined by their diverse functions, complex geometries, and unique lipidomes. In the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), highly-curved membrane folds known as cristae house the electron transport chain and are the primary sites of cellular energy production. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is flat by contrast, but is critical for the initiation and mediation of processes key to mitochondrial physiology: mitophagy, inter-organelle contacts, fission and fusion dynamics and metabolite transport. While the lipid composition of both the IMM and OMM have been characterized across a variety of cell types, a mechanistic understanding for how individual lipid classes contribute to mitochondrial structure and function remains nebulous. In this review, we address the biophysical properties of mitochondrial lipids and their related functional roles. We highlight the intrinsic curvature of the bulk mitochondrial phospholipid pool, with an emphasis on the nuances surrounding the mitochondrially-synthesized cardiolipin. We also outline emerging questions about other lipid classes, ether lipids and sterols, with potential roles in mitochondrial physiology. We propose that further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific properties of these lipids and their influence on mitochondrial architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher T Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Meng Y, Zhao T, Mu C, Fu C, Deng C, Feng J, Du S, Liu W, Geng G, Ma K, Cheng H, Liu Q, Luo Q, Zhang J, Du Z, Cao L, Wang H, Liu Y, Lin J, Chen G, Liu L, Lam SM, Shui G, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Saturated fatty acids increase LPI to reduce FUNDC1 dimerization and stability and mitochondrial function. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54731. [PMID: 36847607 PMCID: PMC10074135 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction are common etiologies of obesity and metabolic disorders. Excessive dietary uptake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders, while unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) counterbalance these detrimental effects. It remains elusive how SFAs and UFAs differentially signal toward mitochondria for mitochondrial performance. We report here that saturated dietary fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA), but not unsaturated oleic acid (OA), increase lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) production to impact on the stability of the mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 and on mitochondrial quality. Mechanistically, PA shifts FUNDC1 from dimer to monomer via enhanced production of LPI. Monomeric FUNDC1 shows increased acetylation at K104 due to dissociation of HDAC3 and increased interaction with Tip60. Acetylated FUNDC1 can be further ubiquitinated by MARCH5 for proteasomal degradation. Conversely, OA antagonizes PA-induced accumulation of LPI, and FUNDC1 monomerization and degradation. A fructose-, palmitate-, and cholesterol-enriched (FPC) diet also affects FUNDC1 dimerization and promotes its degradation in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model. We thus uncover a signaling pathway that orchestrates lipid metabolism with mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chenglong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Changying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Caijuan Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jianyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Siling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guangfeng Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kaili Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhanqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jianping Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- LipidAll Technologies Company LimitedChangzhouChina
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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3
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Hassan N, Rashad M, Elleithy E, Sabry Z, Ali G, Elmosalamy S. L-Carnitine alleviates hepatic and renal mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression induced by letrozole in female rats through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP- 3 signaling. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:357-368. [PMID: 35176959 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2039180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Letrozole (LTZ) is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that is commonly used in breast cancer therapy. It has several side effects that might lead to the drug's cessation and data of LTZ's potential adverse effects on the hepatorenal microenvironment was conflicting. In addition, searching for therapeutic interventions that could modulate its adverse effects will be very beneficial. So, this study aims to determine the impact of LTZ on the hepatorenal microenvironment in cyclic female rats with a proposed regulatory role of L-Carnitine (LC) supplementation giving molecular insights into its possible mechanism of action. LTZ (1 mg/kg using 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose as a vehicle for 21 consecutive days orally) to assess its impact on hepatorenal microenvironment. After treatment with LC (100 mg/kg orally) for 14 days, hepatorenal redox state (lipid peroxides (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme (CAT)), as well as relative gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), cytochrome-c (Cyt c) and caspase-3 (CASP-3) were evaluated. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of CASP-3 in both liver and kidney were done. LTZ altered hepatic and renal functions. Relative gene expression of hepatorenal Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP-3 as well as redox state revealed significant deterioration. Also, the liver and kidney tissues showed several micromorphological changes and intense reaction to CASP-3 upon immunohistochemical staining. It can be concluded that LC alleviates LTZ induced hepatorenal oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c, and CASP-3 signaling in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Maha Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ali
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
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4
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Baek J, He C, Afshinnia F, Michailidis G, Pennathur S. Lipidomic approaches to dissect dysregulated lipid metabolism in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:38-55. [PMID: 34616096 PMCID: PMC9146017 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The severity of dyslipidaemia not only correlates with CKD stage but is also associated with CKD-associated cardiovascular disease and mortality. Understanding how lipids are dysregulated in CKD is, however, challenging owing to the incredible diversity of lipid structures. CKD-associated dyslipidaemia occurs as a consequence of complex interactions between genetic, environmental and kidney-specific factors, which to understand, requires an appreciation of perturbations in the underlying network of genes, proteins and lipids. Modern lipidomic technologies attempt to systematically identify and quantify lipid species from biological systems. The rapid development of a variety of analytical platforms based on mass spectrometry has enabled the identification of complex lipids at great precision and depth. Insights from lipidomics studies to date suggest that the overall architecture of free fatty acid partitioning between fatty acid oxidation and complex lipid fatty acid composition is an important driver of CKD progression. Available evidence suggests that CKD progression is associated with metabolic inflexibility, reflecting a diminished capacity to utilize free fatty acids through β-oxidation, and resulting in the diversion of accumulating fatty acids to complex lipids such as triglycerides. This effect is reversed with interventions that improve kidney health, suggesting that targeting of lipid abnormalities could be beneficial in preventing CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Baek
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chenchen He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Zhang IW, López-Vicario C, Duran-Güell M, Clària J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Advanced Liver Disease: Emerging Concepts. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:772174. [PMID: 34888354 PMCID: PMC8650317 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.772174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are entrusted with the challenging task of providing energy through the generation of ATP, the universal cellular currency, thereby being highly flexible to different acute and chronic nutrient demands of the cell. The fact that mitochondrial diseases (genetic disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome) manifest through a remarkable clinical variation of symptoms in affected individuals underlines the far-reaching implications of mitochondrial dysfunction. The study of mitochondrial function in genetic or non-genetic diseases therefore requires a multi-angled approach. Taking into account that the liver is among the organs richest in mitochondria, it stands to reason that in the process of unravelling the pathogenesis of liver-related diseases, researchers give special focus to characterizing mitochondrial function. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is not a uniformly defined term. It can refer to a decline in energy production, increase in reactive oxygen species and so forth. Therefore, any study on mitochondrial dysfunction first needs to define the dysfunction to be investigated. Here, we review the alterations of mitochondrial function in liver cirrhosis with emphasis on acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), the latter being a form of acute decompensation characterized by a generalized state of systemic hyperinflammation/immunosuppression and high mortality rate. The studies that we discuss were either carried out in liver tissue itself of these patients, or in circulating leukocytes, whose mitochondrial alterations might reflect tissue and organ mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we present different methodological approaches that can be of utility to address the diverse aspects of hepatocyte and leukocyte mitochondrial function in liver disease. They include assays to measure metabolic fluxes using the comparatively novel Biolog’s MitoPlates in a 96-well format as well as assessment of mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry using Oroboros’ O2k-technology and Agilent Seahorse XF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid W Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Sakurai T, Chen Z, Yamahata A, Hayasaka T, Satoh H, Sekiguchi H, Chiba H, Hui SP. A mouse model of short-term, diet-induced fatty liver with abnormal cardiolipin remodeling via downregulated Tafazzin gene expression. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4995-5001. [PMID: 33543498 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiolipin (CL) helps maintain mitochondrial structure and function. Here we investigated whether a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) fed to mice for a short period (5 days) could modulate the CL level, including that of monolysoCL (MLCL) in the liver. RESULTS Total CL in the HCD group was 22% lower than that in the normal chow diet (NCD) group (P < 0.05). The CL72:8 level strikingly decreased by 93% (P < 0.0001), whereas total nascent CLs (CLs other than CL72:8) increased (P < 0.01) in the HCD group. The total MLCL in the HCD group increased by 2.4-fold compared with that in the NCD group (P < 0.05). Tafazzin expression in the HCD group was significantly downregulated compared with that in the NCD group (P < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between nascent CL and total MLCL (r = 0.955, P < 0.0001), and a negative correlation between MLCL and Tafazzin expression (r = -0.593, P = 0.0883) were observed. CONCLUSION A HCD modulated the fatty acid composition of CL and MLCL via Tafazzin in the liver, which could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This model may be useful for elucidating the relationship between fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamahata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Department of Food and Health Research, Life Science Institute Co. Ltd and Nissei Bio Co. Ltd, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research and Development division, Hokkaido Research Institute, Nissei Bio Co. Ltd, Eniwa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Food and Health Research, Life Science Institute Co. Ltd and Nissei Bio Co. Ltd, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- R&D Planning and Administration Department, Life Science Institute Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Barrios-Maya MA, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Quezada H, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Palmitoyl-CoA effect on cytochrome c release, a key process of apoptosis, from liver mitochondria of rat with sucrose diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112351. [PMID: 34171418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt-c) release from the mitochondria to the cytosol is a key process in the initiation of hepatocyte apoptosis involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte apoptosis may be related to lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of palmitic acid and palmitoyl-CoA (Pal-CoA). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether Pal-CoA induces cyt-c release from liver mitochondria of sucrose-fed rat (SF). Pal-CoA-induced cyt-c release was sensitive to cyclosporine A indicating the involvement of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mMPT). In addition, cyt-c release from SF mitochondria remains significantly lower than C mitochondria despite the increased rate of H2O2 generation in SF mitochondria. The decreased cyt-c release from SF may be also related to the increased proportion of the palmitic acid-enriched cardiolipin, due to the high availibilty of palmitic acid in SF liver. The enrichment of cardiolipin molecular species with palmitic acid makes cardiolipin more resistant to peroxidation, a mechanism involved in the dissociation of cyt-c from mitochondrial inner membrane. These results suggest that Pal-CoA may participate in the progression of NAFLD to more severe disease through mechanisms involving cyt-c release and mMPT, a key process of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez # 162, Col. Doctores, CP 06720, C.D. México, Mexico
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del BioBio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, C.D. México, Mexico.
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8
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Implications for the Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5188306. [PMID: 34354793 PMCID: PMC8331273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism and cell signaling. Mitochondrial homeostasis is sustained with stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential, balance of mitochondrial calcium, integrity of mitochondrial DNA, and timely clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is featured by increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium imbalance, mitochondrial DNA damage, and abnormal mitophagy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysregulation causes oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, apoptosis, senescence, and metabolic reprogramming. All these cellular processes participate in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on cellular processes involved in the development of these respiratory diseases. This not only implicates mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction for the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases but also provides potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases by targeting dysfunctional mitochondria.
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9
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alterations in Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) Contribute to Apoptosis Resistance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157870. [PMID: 34360637 PMCID: PMC8346102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by increased activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Previous reports have shown that IPF fibroblasts are resistant to apoptosis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Since inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has been implicated in the resistance to apoptosis, in this study, we analyzed the role of mitochondrial function and the mPTP on the apoptosis resistance of IPF fibroblasts under basal conditions and after mitomycin C-induced apoptosis. We measured the release of cytochrome c, mPTP opening, mitochondrial calcium release, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP/ATP ratio, ATP concentration, and mitochondrial morphology. We found that IPF fibroblasts were resistant to mitomycin C-induced apoptosis and that calcium, a well-established activator of mPTP, is decreased as well as the release of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c. Likewise, IPF fibroblasts showed decreased mitochondrial function, while mPTP was less sensitive to ionomycin-induced opening. Although IPF fibroblasts did not present changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, we found a fragmented mitochondrial network with scarce, thinned, and disordered mitochondria with reduced ATP levels. Our findings demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts are resistant to mitomycin C-induced apoptosis and that altered mPTP opening contributes to this resistance. In addition, IPF fibroblasts show mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in respiratory parameters.
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10
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Swapna Sasi US, Sindhu G, Raghu KG. Fructose-palmitate based high calorie induce steatosis in HepG2 cells via mitochondrial dysfunction: An in vitro approach. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104952. [PMID: 32730863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A proper in vitro model for conducting research on high energy food induced steatosis via defective energy metabolism in the liver is not visible in the literature. The present study developed an in vitro model in HepG2 cell line to mimic high energy diet induced steatosis in liver via mitochondrial dysfunction. For this, HepG2 cells were treated with fructose (100 mM) and palmitate (100 μM) for about 24 h and subjected for biochemical analysis relevant to lipogenesis and mitochondrial biology. Our findings showed that fructose-palmitate treatment caused significant lipid accumulation and rise in lipogenic proteins. Further studies showed alteration in mitochondrial integrity, dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial integrity was affected by the dissipation of trans-membrane potential, surplus mitochondrial superoxide with calcium overload. Similarly, mitochondrial dynamics were altered with up regulation of mitochondrial fission proteins: DRP1 and FIS1, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. Various components of the electron transport chain: complex I, II, III and IV were altered with significant depletion in oxygen consumption. Overall our findings illustrate the dominant role of mitochondria in the genesis of high fructose-palmitate induced steatosis in HepG2 cells. Since continuous high energy food consumption is the main inducer of steatosis, this model is found to be an ideal one for preliminary and basic research in the area of liver disease via mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Swapna Sasi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India; Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
| | - G Sindhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
| | - K G Raghu
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India; Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
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11
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El-Hafidi M, Correa F, Zazueta C. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiolipin remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165744. [PMID: 32105822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an acidic phospholipid almost exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, that not only stabilizes the structure and function of individual components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but regulates relevant mitochondrial processes, like mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure maintenance among others. Alterations in CL due to peroxidation, correlates with loss of such mitochondrial activities and disease progression. In this review it is recapitulated the current state of knowledge of the role of cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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12
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya M, Quezada-Pablo H, López-Acosta O, El-Hafidi M. Kidney dysfunction induced by a sucrose-rich diet in rat involves mitochondria ROS generation, cardiolipin changes, and the decline of autophagy protein markers. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F53-F66. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between obesity and renal failure has been proposed to involve mitochondria reactive oxygen species generation and lipotoxicity. These pathological conditions make mitochondria of particular interest in the regulation of cell function and death by both apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate mitochondria function, autophagy, and apoptosis protein markers in the kidney from a rat model of intra-abdominal obesity and renal damage induced by a high-sucrose diet. Mitochondria from sucrose-fed (SF) kidneys in the presence of pyruvate-malate generated H2O2at a higher rate than from control (79.81 ± 4.98 vs. 65.84 ± 1.95 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). With succinate, the release of H2O2was significantly higher compared with pyruvate-malate, and it remained higher in SF than in control mitochondria (146.4 ± 8.8 vs. 106.1 ± 5.9 pmol·min−1·mg protein−1). However, cytochrome c release from SF kidney mitochondria was lower than from control. In addition, cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, was found increased in SF mitochondria due to the enhanced amount of both cardiolipin synthase and tafazzin. Cardiolipin was also found enriched with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, which are less susceptible to peroxidative stress involved in cytochrome c release. Furthermore, beclin-1 and light chain 3-B, as autophagy protein markers, and caspase-9, as apoptosis protein marker, were found decreased in SF kidneys. These results suggest that the decline of autophagy protein markers and the lack of apoptosis process could be a pathological mechanism of cell dysfunction leading to the progression of renal disease in SF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Barrios-Maya
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Quezada-Pablo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ocarol López-Acosta
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Moon SH, Lee CM, Nam MJ. Cytoprotective effects of taxifolin against cadmium-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:992-1003. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119846941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely used in industry, and the skin is an important target of this metal. Taxifolin (Tax), a natural source of bioflavonoids found in various conifers, exerts multiple biologic effects on skin cells. However, the mechanisms by which Tax protects keratinocytes against Cd are currently unclear. We investigated the cytoprotective effects of Tax against Cd-induced apoptosis in the human HaCaT keratinocyte. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay results showed that Cd-induced cell death was lower in cells treated with Tax (0–100 μM) than in cells treated with Cd alone. Additionally, a reduction of Cd-induced DNA fragmentation by Tax was shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species were also lower in Cd/Tax-treated cells than in Cd-treated cells. We employed a two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis to identify treatment-related alterations in protein expression. Tax downregulated cathepsin B and D and upregulated hsp27, cyclophilin A, and peroxiredowin-1. Western blotting confirmed the downregulation of cathepsin B and D and the upregulation of hsp27. The cytoprotective effects of Tax against Cd-induced apoptosis were also characterized by the changes in the activity of caspase 3, -7, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, the cellular proliferation-related ERK1/2, and AKT. Furthermore, the levels of cell cycle-related proteins, such as SP1 and p21, decreased, whereas p53 level increased. We concluded that Tax reduced Cd cytotoxicity and Cd-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Moon
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - CM Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - MJ Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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14
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Schweitzer-Stenner R. Relating the multi-functionality of cytochrome c to membrane binding and structural conversion. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1151-1185. [PMID: 29574621 PMCID: PMC6082307 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c is known as an electron-carrying protein in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. Over the last 20 years, however, alternative functions of this very versatile protein have become the focus of research interests. Upon binding to anionic lipids such as cardiolipin, the protein acquires peroxidase activity. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this requires a conformational change of the protein which involves partial unfolding of its tertiary structure. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of how cytochrome c interacts with cardiolipin-containing surfaces and how this affects its structure and function. In this context, we delineate partially conflicting results regarding the affinity of cytochrome c binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes of different size and its influence on the structure of the protein and the morphology of the membrane.
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15
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Sullivan EM, Pennington ER, Green WD, Beck MA, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. Mechanisms by Which Dietary Fatty Acids Regulate Mitochondrial Structure-Function in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:247-262. [PMID: 29767698 PMCID: PMC5952932 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within a cell. Furthermore, mitochondria have a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper calcium concentrations, building critical components of hormones and other signaling molecules, and controlling apoptosis. Structurally, mitochondria are unique because they have 2 membranes that allow for compartmentalization. The composition and molecular organization of these membranes are crucial to the maintenance and function of mitochondria. In this review, we first present a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulating mitochondrial membrane structure-function. We focus extensively on long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss implications of understanding molecular mechanisms by which dietary n-3 fatty acids target mitochondrial structure-function in metabolic diseases such as obesity, cardiac-ischemia reperfusion injury, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and select cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Madison Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William D Green
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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16
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Cell Death and Heart Failure in Obesity: Role of Uncoupling Proteins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9340654. [PMID: 27642497 PMCID: PMC5011521 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9340654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes are often characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondrial respiratory complexes, associated with fat accumulation in cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes. Several rodents studies showed that lipid accumulation in cardiac myocytes produces lipotoxicity that causes apoptosis and leads to heart failure, a dynamic pathological process. Meanwhile, several tissues including cardiac tissue develop an adaptive mechanism against oxidative stress and lipotoxicity by overexpressing uncoupling proteins (UCPs), specific mitochondrial membrane proteins. In heart from rodent and human with obesity, UCP2 and UCP3 may protect cardiomyocytes from death and from a state progressing to heart failure by downregulating programmed cell death. UCP activation may affect cytochrome c and proapoptotic protein release from mitochondria by reducing ROS generation and apoptotic cell death. Therefore the aim of this review is to discuss recent findings regarding the role that UCPs play in cardiomyocyte survival by protecting against ROS generation and maintaining bioenergetic metabolism homeostasis to promote heart protection.
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