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Wang H, Zheng A, Thorley D, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Independent and combined effects of calorie restriction and AICAR on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles from 24-month-old female and male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:614-625. [PMID: 38181403 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of two levels of calorie restriction (CR; eating either 15% or 35% less than ad libitum, AL, food intake for 8 weeks) by 24-month-old female and male rats on glucose uptake (GU) and phosphorylation of key signaling proteins (Akt; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; Akt substrate of 160 kDa, AS160) measured in isolated skeletal muscles that underwent four incubation conditions (without either insulin or AICAR, an AMPK activator; with AICAR alone; with insulin alone; or with insulin and AICAR). Regardless of sex: (1) neither CR group versus the AL group had greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles; (2) phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated muscles was increased in 35% CR versus AL rats; (3) prior AICAR treatment of muscle resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles, regardless of diet; and (4) AICAR caused elevated phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, an indicator of AMPK activation, in all diet groups. There was a sexually dimorphic diet effect on AS160 phosphorylation, with 35% CR exceeding AL for insulin-stimulated muscles in male rats, but not in female rats. Our working hypothesis is that the lack of a CR-effect on GU by insulin-stimulated muscles was related to the extended duration of the ex vivo incubation period (290 min compared to 40-50 min that was previously reported to be effective). The observed efficacy of prior treatment of muscles with AICAR to improve glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated muscles supports the strategy of targeting AMPK with the goal of improving insulin sensitivity in older females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Thorley
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Gao F, Tan RS, Teo LLY, Ewe SH, Koh WP, Tan KB, Koh AS. Myocardial Aging among a Population-Based Cohort Is Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes and Sex-Specific Differences among Older Adults. Gerontology 2024; 70:368-378. [PMID: 38301609 DOI: 10.1159/000536050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite growing calls to tackle aging-related cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of detecting early diastolic dysfunction such as those observed in aging, prior to clinical disease, is of unclear clinical benefit. METHODS Myocardial function determined by echocardiography was examined in association with incident cardiovascular outcomes or all-cause death by Cox proportional hazards model. Sex-based differences in outcomes were included. RESULTS A total of 956 participants (mean age 63 ± 12.9 years, n = 424 males [44%]) were categorized based on mitral peak early-to-late diastolic filling velocity (E/A) ratios: E/A <0.8 (28%), E/A 0.8-1.2 (39%), E/A (29%), E/A >2.0 (4%). Incidence rate (IR) for non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes was 2.83 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.24-3.56) and 0.45 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.26-0.80) for all-cause death. Event-free survival from non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes was significantly different among E/A categories (log-rank p = 0.0269). E/A <0.8 (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.031, 3.14, p = 0.039) was associated with non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Among men, IR for cardiovascular outcomes was 3.56 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.62-4.84) and 0.75 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.39-1.44) for all-cause death. Among women, IR for cardiovascular outcomes was 2.22 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.56-3.16) and 0.21 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.067-0.64) for all-cause death. For E/A <0.8 category, women had significantly higher risks of non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes, compared to E/A 0.8-1.2 category (HR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.23, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Myocardial aging was an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in community-dwelling older adults prior to clinical CVD. Impaired myocardial relaxation was prevalent in both sexes but associated with worse outcomes in women, suggestive of sex differences in age-related biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis L Y Teo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Hooi Ewe
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin B Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Future Systems Office, IT and Data Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Zheng A, Wang H, Arias EB, Dong G, Zhao J, Cartee GD. Akt substrate of 160 kDa is essential for the calorie restriction-induced increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle of female rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:283-292. [PMID: 36634338 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR; consuming 65% of ad libitum (AL) intake) for 8 weeks on female wildtype (WT) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa knockout (AS160-KO) rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated with 0, 50, 100, or 500 µU/mL insulin. Phosphorylation of key insulin signaling proteins that control ISGU (Akt and AS160) was assessed by immunoblotting (Akt phosphorylation on Threonine-308, pAktThr308 and Serine-473, pAktSer473; AS160 phosphorylation on Serine-588, pAS160Ser588, and Threonine-642, pAS160Thr642). Abundance of proteins that regulate ISGU (GLUT4 glucose transporter protein and hexokinase II) was also determined by immunoblotting. The major results were as follows: (i) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater ISGU with 100 and 500 µU/mL insulin; (ii) CR versus WT-AL rats had greater GLUT4 protein abundance; (iii) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater pAktThr308 with 500 µU/mL insulin; (iv) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats did not differ for pAktSer473, pAS160Ser588, or pAS160Thr642 at any insulin concentration; (v) AS160-KO versus WT rats with each diet had lower ISGU at each insulin concentration, but not lower pAkt on either phosphosite; (vi) AS160-KO versus WT rats had lower muscle GLUT4 abundance regardless of diet; and (vii) AS160-KO-CR versus AS160-KO-AL rats did not differ for ISGU, GLUT4 abundance, pAkt on either phosphosite, or pAS160 on either phosphosite. These novel results demonstrated that AS160 expression, but not greater pAS160 on key phosphosites, was essential for the CR-induced increases in muscle ISGU and GLUT4 abundance of female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gengfu Dong
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Zheng A, Kwak SE, Birk JB, Arias EB, Thorley D, Wojtaszewski JFP, Cartee GD. Greater Phosphorylation of AMPK and Multiple AMPK Substrates in the Skeletal Muscle of 24-Month-Old Calorie Restricted Compared to Ad-Libitum Fed Male Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:177-185. [PMID: 36269629 PMCID: PMC9951056 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved, heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase with critical sensory and regulatory functions, is proposed to induce antiaging actions of caloric restriction (CR). Although earlier studies assessed CR's effects on AMPK in rodent skeletal muscle, the scope of these studies was narrow with a limited focus on older animals. This study's purpose was to fill important knowledge gaps related to CR's influence on AMPK in skeletal muscle of older animals. Therefore, using epitrochlearis muscles from 24-month-old ad-libitum fed (AL) and CR (consuming 65% of AL intake for 8 weeks), male Fischer-344 × Brown Norway F1 rats, we determined: (a) AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation (a key regulatory site) by immunoblot; (b) AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 activity (representing the 2 catalytic α-subunits of AMPK), and AMPKγ3 activity (representing AMPK complexes that include the skeletal muscle-selective regulatory γ3 subunit) using enzymatic assays; (c) phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates that are linked to CR-related effects (acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], that regulates lipid oxidation; Beclin-1 and ULK1 that are autophagy regulatory proteins; Raptor, mTORC1 complex protein that regulates autophagy; TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 that regulate glucose uptake) by immunoblot; and (d) ATP and AMP concentrations (key AMPK regulators) by mass spectrometry. The results revealed significant CR-associated increases in the phosphorylation of AMPKThr172 and 4 AMPK substrates (ACC, Beclin-1, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4), without significant diet-related differences in ATP or AMP concentration or AMPKα1-, AMPKα2-, or AMPKγ3-associated activity. The enhanced phosphorylation of multiple AMPK substrates provides novel mechanistic insights linking AMPK to functionally important consequences of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jesper B Birk
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dominic Thorley
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang H, Zheng A, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Prior AICAR induces elevated glucose uptake concomitant with greater γ3-AMPK activation and reduced membrane cholesterol in skeletal muscle from 26-month-old rats. Facets (Ott) 2022; 7:774-791. [PMID: 36381195 PMCID: PMC9648397 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Attenuated skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU) has been observed with advancing age. It is important to elucidate the mechanisms linked to interventions that oppose this detrimental outcome. Earlier research using young rodents and (or) cultured myocytes reported that treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator) can increase γ3-AMPK activity and reduce membrane cholesterol content, each of which has been proposed to elevate GU. However, the effect of AICAR treatment on γ3-AMPK activity and membrane cholesterol in skeletal muscle of aged animals has not been reported. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of AICAR treatment on these potential mechanisms for enhanced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of aged animals. Epitrochlearis muscles from 26-27-month-old male rats were isolated and incubated ± AICAR, followed by 3 h incubation without AICAR, and then incubation with 3-O-methyl-[3 H] glucose (to assess GU ± insulin). Muscles were also analyzed for γ3-AMPK activity and membrane cholesterol content. Prior AICAR treatment led to increased γ3-AMPK activity, reduced membrane cholesterol content, and enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle from aged rats. These observations revealed that two potential mechanisms for greater GU previously observed in younger animals and (or) cell models are also potentially relevant for enhanced GU by muscles from older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B. Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D. Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lim RMH, Koh AS. Cardiovascular Aging and Physical Activity: Insights From Metabolomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:728228. [PMID: 34616784 PMCID: PMC8488139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.728228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore how metabolomics can help uncover mechanisms through which physical activity may influence the progression of cardiovascular aging. Cardiovascular aging is a process of functional and structural changes in older adults which can progress to cardiovascular disease. Metabolomics profiling is an investigative tool that can track the diverse changes which occur in human biochemistry with physical activity and aging. This mini review will summarize published investigations in metabolomics and physical activity, with a specific focus on the metabolic pathways that connect physical activity with cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Oza MJ, Laddha AP, Gaikwad AB, Mulay SR, Kulkarni YA. Role of dietary modifications in the management of type 2 diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105602. [PMID: 33838293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient insulin secretion and insulin action are two major causes for the development of diabetes, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose level. Diet and sedentary life style play pivotal role in development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Dietary modification is associated with a reprogramming of nutrient intake, which are proven to be effective for the management of diabetes and associated complications. Dietary modifications modulate various molecular key players linked with the functions of nutrient signalling, regulation of autophagy, and energy metabolism. It activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK mainly acts as an energy sensor and inhibits autophagy repressor Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under nutritional deprivation. Under calorie restriction (CR), SIRT1 gets activated directly or indirectly and plays a central role in autophagy via the regulation of protein acetylation. Dietary modification is also effective in controlling inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines like nuclear factor kappa- beta (NF-kβ), tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also improves glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion through beta cell regeneration. This indicates calorie intake plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes-associated complications. The present review, emphasizes the role of dietary modifications in diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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8
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Oki K, Arias EB, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. Effects of Acute Exercise Combined With Calorie Restriction Initiated Late-in-Life on Insulin Signaling, Lipids, and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle From Old Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:207-217. [PMID: 30272137 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR: consuming 60-65% of ad libitum [AL] intake) initiated late-in-life with or without acute exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) of skeletal muscle by studying four groups of 26-month-old rats: sedentary-AL, sedentary-CR (8-week duration), 3 hours post-exercise (3hPEX)-AL and 3hPEX-CR. ISGU was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated ± insulin. Muscles were assessed for signaling proteins (immunoblotting) and lipids (mass spectrometry). ISGU from sedentary-CR and 3hPEX-AL exceeded sedentary-AL; 3hPEX-CR exceeded all other groups. Akt (Ser473, Thr308) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; Ser588, Thr642, Ser704) phosphorylation levels tracked with ISGU. Among the 477 lipids detected, 114 were altered by CR (including reductions in 15 of 25 acylcarnitines), and 27 were altered by exercise (including reductions in 18 of 22 lysophosphatidylcholines) with only six lipids overlapping between CR and exercise. ISGU significantly correlated with 23 lipids, including: acylcarnitine 20:1 (r = .683), lysophosphatidylethanolamine19:0 (r = -.662), acylcarnitine 24:0 (r = .611), and plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine 37:5 (r = -.603). Muscle levels of ceramides (a lipid class previously linked to insulin resistance) were not altered by CR and/or exercise nor significantly correlated with ISGU, implicating other mechanisms (which potentially involve other lipids identified in this study) for greater ISGU and Akt and AS160 phosphorylation with these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Edward B Arias
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Falcão-Tebas F, Marin EC, Kuang J, Bishop DJ, McConell GK. Maternal exercise attenuates the lower skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin secretion caused by paternal obesity in female adult rat offspring. J Physiol 2020; 598:4251-4270. [PMID: 32539156 PMCID: PMC7586952 DOI: 10.1113/jp279582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Paternal obesity negatively influences metabolic outcomes in adult rat offspring. Maternal voluntary physical activity has previously been reported to improve glucose metabolism in adult rat offspring sired by healthy fathers. Here, we investigated whether a structured programme of maternal exercise training before and during gestation can attenuate the negative impacts that paternal obesity has on insulin sensitivity and secretion in female adult offspring. Exercise before and during pregnancy normalised the lower insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and the lower insulin secretion observed in female offspring sired by obese fathers. This paper presents a feasible, low-cost and translatable intervention strategy that can be applied perinatally to support multifactor interventions to break the cycle of metabolic dysfunction caused by paternal obesity. ABSTRACT We investigated whether maternal exercise before and during gestation could attenuate the negative metabolic effects of paternal high-fat diet-induced obesity in female adult rat offspring. Fathers consumed a normal chow or high-fat diet before mating. Mothers exercised on a treadmill before and during gestation or remained sedentary. In adulthood, female offspring were assessed using intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests (IPITT and IPGTT, respectively), pancreatic morphology, ex vivo skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiratory function. Paternal obesity impaired whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in adult offspring. Maternal exercise attenuated the lower insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in offspring sired by obese fathers but distal insulin signalling components (p-AKT Thr308 and Ser473, p-TBC1D4 Thr642 and GLUT4) remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Maternal exercise increased citrate synthase activity only in offspring sired by obese fathers. Maternal exercise also reversed the lower insulin secretion in vivo observed in offspring of obese fathers, probably due to an attenuation of the decrease in pancreatic beta cell mass. In summary, maternal exercise before and during pregnancy in rats attenuated skeletal muscle insulin resistance and attenuated the decrease in pancreatic beta cell mass and insulin secretion observed in the female offspring of obese fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippe Falcão-Tebas
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evelyn C Marin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bareja A, Lee DE, White JP. Maximizing Longevity and Healthspan: Multiple Approaches All Converging on Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:183. [PMID: 31555646 PMCID: PMC6742954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular basis of aging has greatly increased over the past few decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the key signaling pathways associated with aging, and whose modulation has been shown to extend lifespan in a range of model organisms. We also describe how these pathways converge onto autophagy, a catabolic process that functions to recycle dysfunctional cellular material and maintains energy homeostasis. Finally, we consider various approaches of therapeutically modulating these longevity pathways, highlighting exercise as a potent geroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bareja
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David E Lee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - James P White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Falcão-Tebas F, Kuang J, Arceri C, Kerris JP, Andrikopoulos S, Marin EC, McConell GK. Four weeks of exercise early in life reprograms adult skeletal muscle insulin resistance caused by a paternal high-fat diet. J Physiol 2018; 597:121-136. [PMID: 30406963 DOI: 10.1113/jp276386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A paternal high-fat diet/obesity before mating can negatively influence the metabolism of offspring. Exercise only early in life has a remarkable effect with respect to reprogramming adult rat offspring exposed to detrimental insults before conception. Exercise only early in life normalized adult whole body and muscle insulin resistance as a result of having a high-fat fed/obese father. Unlike the effects on the muscle, early exercise did not normalize the reduced adult pancreatic beta cell mass as a result of having a high-fat fed/obese father. Early-life exercise training may be able to reprogram an individual whose father was obese, inducing long-lasting beneficial effects on health. ABSTRACT A paternal high-fat diet (HFD) impairs female rat offspring glucose tolerance, pancreatic morphology and insulin secretion. We examined whether only 4 weeks of exercise early in life could reprogram these negative effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a HFD for 10 weeks before mating with chow-fed dams. Female offspring remained sedentary or performed moderate intensity treadmill exercise (5 days week-1 , 60 min day-1 , 20 m min-1 ) from 5 to 9 weeks of age. Paternal HFD impaired (P < 0.05) adult offspring whole body insulin sensitivity (i.p. insulin sensitivity test), as well as skeletal muscle ex vivo insulin sensitivity and TBC1D4 phosphorylation. It also lowered β-cell mass and reduced in vivo insulin secretion in response to an i.p. glucose tolerance test. Early-life exercise in offspring reprogrammed the negative effects of a paternal HFD on whole body insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle ex vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and TBC1D4 phosphorylation and also increased glucose transporter 4 protein. However, early exercise did not normalize the reduced pancreatic β-cell mass or insulin secretion. In conclusion, only 4 weeks of exercise early in life in female rat offspring reprograms reductions in insulin sensitivity in adulthood caused by a paternal HFD without affecting pancreatic β-cell mass or insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippe Falcão-Tebas
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chelsea Arceri
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod P Kerris
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn C Marin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Wang H, Arias EB, Pataky MW, Goodyear LJ, Cartee GD. Postexercise improvement in glucose uptake occurs concomitant with greater γ3-AMPK activation and AS160 phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E859-E871. [PMID: 30130149 PMCID: PMC6293165 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A single exercise session can increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) by skeletal muscle, concomitant with greater Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation on Akt-phosphosites (Thr642 and Ser588) that regulate insulin-stimulated GU. Recent research using mouse skeletal muscle suggested that ex vivo 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or electrically stimulated contractile activity-inducing increased γ3-AMPK activity and AS160 phosphorylation on a consensus AMPK-motif (Ser704) resulted in greater AS160 Thr642 phosphorylation and GU by insulin-stimulated muscle. Our primary goal was to determine whether in vivo exercise that increases insulin-stimulated GU in rat skeletal muscle would also increase γ3-AMPK activity and AS160 site-selective phosphorylation (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) immediately postexercise (IPEX) and/or 3 h postexercise (3hPEX). Epitrochlearis muscles isolated from sedentary and exercised (2-h swim exercise; studied IPEX and 3hPEX) rats were incubated with 2-deoxyglucose to determine GU (without insulin at IPEX; without or with insulin at 3hPEX). Muscles were also assessed for γ1-AMPK activity, γ3-AMPK activity, phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK), and phosphorylated AS160 (pAS160). IPEX versus sedentary had greater γ3-AMPK activity, pAS160 (Ser588, Thr642, Ser704), and GU with unaltered γ1-AMPK activity. 3hPEX versus sedentary had greater γ3-AMPK activity, pAS160 Ser704, and GU with or without insulin; greater pAS160 Thr642 only with insulin; and unaltered γ1-AMPK activity. These results using an in vivo exercise protocol that increased insulin-stimulated GU in rat skeletal muscle are consistent with the hypothesis that in vivo exercise-induced enhancement of γ3-AMPK activation and AS160 Ser704 IPEX and 3hPEX are important for greater pAS160 Thr642 and enhanced insulin-stimulated GU by skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark W Pataky
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Oki K, Arias EB, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. Prior treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR induces subsequently enhanced glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles from 24-month-old rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018. [PMID: 29518344 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation may be part of the exercise-induced process that enhances insulin sensitivity. Independent of exercise, acute prior treatment of skeletal muscles isolated from young rats with a pharmacological AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), causes subsequently improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU). However, efficacy of a single prior AICAR exposure on insulin-stimulated GU in muscles from old animals has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brief, prior exposure to AICAR (3.5 h before GU assessment) leads to subsequently increased GU in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscles from old rats. Epitrochlearis muscles from 24-month-old male rats were isolated and initially incubated ±AICAR (60 min), followed by incubation without AICAR (3 h), then incubation ±insulin (50 min). Muscles were assessed for GU (via 3-O-methyl-[3H]-glucose accumulation) and site-specific phosphorylation of key proteins involved in enhanced GU, including AMPK, Akt, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), via Western blotting. Prior ex vivo AICAR treatment resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles from 24-month-old rats. Prior AICAR treatment also resulted in greater phosphorylation of AMPK (T172) and AS160 (S588, T642, and S704). Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein abundance was unaffected by prior AICAR and/or insulin treatment. These findings demonstrate that skeletal muscles from older rats are susceptible to enhanced insulin-stimulated GU after brief activation of AMPK by prior AICAR. Consistent with earlier research using muscles from young rodents, increased phosphorylation of AS160 is implicated in this effect, which was not attributable to altered GLUT4 glucose transporter protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- b Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,c Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and The Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Silva G, Ferraresi C, de Almeida RT, Motta ML, Paixão T, Ottone VO, Fonseca IA, Oliveira MX, Rocha-Vieira E, Dias-Peixoto MF, Esteves EA, Coimbra CC, Amorim FT, de Castro Magalhães F. Infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy improves glucose metabolism and intracellular insulin pathway in adipose tissue of high-fat fed mice. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:559-571. [PMID: 29247431 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a continuously growing global epidemic and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The etiology of type 2 diabetes is related to the resistance of insulin-sensitive tissues to its action leading to impaired blood glucose regulation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy might be a non-pharmacological, non-invasive strategy to improve insulin resistance. It has been reported that PBM therapy in combination with physical exercise reduces insulin resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PBM therapy on insulin resistance in obese mice. Male Swiss albino mice received low-fat control diet (n = 16, LFC) or high-fat diet (n = 18, HFD) for 12 weeks. From 9th to 12th week, the mice received PBM therapy (LASER) or Sham (light off) treatment and were allocated into four groups: LFC Sham (n = 8), LFC PBM (n = 8), HFD Sham (n = 9), and HFD PBM (n = 9). The PBM therapy was applied in five locations: to the left and right quadriceps muscle, upper limbs and center of the abdomen, during 40 s at each point, once a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks (780 nm, 250 mW/cm2, 10 J/cm2, 0.4 J per site; 2 J total dose per day). Insulin signaling pathway was evaluated in the epididymal adipose tissue. PBM therapy improved glucose tolerance and phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and reversed the HFD-induced reduction of GLUT4 content and phosphorylation of AS160 (Ser588). Also, PBM therapy reversed the increased area of epididymal and mesenteric adipocytes. The results showed that chronic PBM therapy improved parameters related to obesity and insulin resistance in HFD-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Cleber Ferraresi
- Post-graduation Program in Physical Therapy in Functional Health, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Teixeira de Almeida
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Motta
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paixão
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Oliveira Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ivana Alice Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo Xavier Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
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15
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Wang H, Arias EB, Yu CS, Verkerke ARP, Cartee GD. Effects of Calorie Restriction and Fiber Type on Glucose Uptake and Abundance of Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteins in Single Fibers from Old Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1638-1646. [PMID: 28531280 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR; reducing calorie intake by ~40% below ad libitum) can increase glucose uptake by insulin-stimulated muscle. Because skeletal muscle is comprised of multiple, heterogeneous fiber types, our primary aim was to determine the effects of CR (initiated at 14 weeks old) and fiber type on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by single fibers of diverse fiber types in 23-26-month-old rats. Isolated epitrochlearis muscles from AL and CR rats were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose ± insulin. Glucose uptake and fiber type were determined for single fibers dissected from the muscles. We also determined CR-effects on abundance of several key metabolic proteins in single fibers. CR resulted in: (a) significantly (p < .05 to .001) greater glucose uptake by insulin-stimulated type I, IIA, IIB, IIBX, and IIX fibers; (b) significantly (p < .05 to .001) reduced abundance of several mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) proteins in type I, IIA, and IIBX but not IIB and IIX fibers; and (c) unaltered hexokinase II abundance in each fiber type. These results demonstrate that CR can enhance glucose uptake in each fiber type of rat skeletal muscle in the absence of upregulation of the abundance of hexokinase II or key mitochondrial ETC and OxPhos proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Carmen S Yu
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Anthony R P Verkerke
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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16
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Fenugreek supplementation during high-fat feeding improves specific markers of metabolic health. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12770. [PMID: 28986580 PMCID: PMC5630574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the metabolically beneficial effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), C57BL/6J mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet for 16 weeks with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek supplementation. Body weight, body composition, energy expenditure, food intake, and insulin/glucose tolerance were measured regularly, and tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analysis after 16 weeks of diet exposure. Fenugreek did not alter body weight, fat mass, or food intake in either group, but did transiently improve glucose tolerance in high fat-fed mice. Fenugreek also significantly improved high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios in high fat-fed mice without affecting circulating total cholesterol, triglycerides, or glycerol levels. Fenugreek decreased hepatic expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and increased subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissue expression of adiponectin, but did not prevent hepatic steatosis. Notably, fenugreek was not as effective at improving glucose tolerance as was four days of voluntary wheel running. Overall, our results demonstrate that fenugreek promotes metabolic resiliency via significant and selected effects on glucose regulation, hyperlipidemia, and adipose pathology; but may not be as effective as behavioral modifications at preventing the adverse metabolic consequences of a high fat diet.
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17
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Kjøbsted R, Wojtaszewski JFP, Treebak JT. Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Regulating Post-exercise Insulin Sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 107:81-126. [PMID: 27812978 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance precedes development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As skeletal muscle is a major sink for glucose disposal, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity of this tissue could potentially benefit millions of people that are diagnosed with insulin resistance. Regular physical activity in both healthy and insulin-resistant individuals is recognized as the single most effective intervention to increase whole-body insulin sensitivity and thereby positively affect glucose homeostasis. A single bout of exercise has long been known to increase glucose disposal in skeletal muscle in response to physiological insulin concentrations. While this effect is identified to be restricted to the previously exercised muscle, the molecular basis for an apparent convergence between exercise- and insulin-induced signaling pathways is incompletely known. In recent years, we and others have identified the Rab GTPase-activating protein, TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4) as a target of key protein kinases in the insulin- and exercise-activated signaling pathways. Our working hypothesis is that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is important for the ability of exercise to insulin sensitize skeletal muscle through TBC1D4. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the current available evidence linking AMPK to post-exercise insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Sharma N, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Inhibition of Akt2 phosphorylation abolishes the calorie restriction-induced improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rat soleus muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1208-1211. [PMID: 27786542 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR; ∼60%-65% of ad libitum consumption) can enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) in predominantly slow-twitch skeletal muscles (e.g., soleus) by an incompletely understood mechanism. We used an Akt inhibitor (MK-2206) to eliminate CR's effect on insulin-stimulated Akt2 phosphorylation in isolated rat soleus muscles. We found long-term CR-enhanced ISGU was abolished by eliminating the CR effect on Akt2 phosphorylation, suggesting the CR-induced benefit on ISGU in the predominantly slow-twitch soleus relies on enhanced Akt2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,b School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,c Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,d Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Exercise Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1034-1047. [PMID: 27304505 PMCID: PMC5045036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary aging is the progressive and inevitable process of bodily deterioration during adulthood. In skeletal muscle, primary aging causes defective mitochondrial energetics and reduced muscle mass. Secondary aging refers to additional deleterious structural and functional age-related changes caused by diseases and lifestyle factors. Secondary aging can exacerbate deficits in mitochondrial function and muscle mass, concomitant with the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Exercise opposes deleterious effects of secondary aging by preventing the decline in mitochondrial respiration, mitigating aging-related loss of muscle mass and enhancing insulin sensitivity. This review focuses on mechanisms by which exercise promotes "healthy aging" by inducing modifications in skeletal muscle.
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Wang H, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Calorie restriction leads to greater Akt2 activity and glucose uptake by insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle from old rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R449-58. [PMID: 26739650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00449.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is associated with many common age-related diseases, but moderate calorie restriction (CR) can substantially elevate glucose uptake by insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle from both young and old rats. The current study evaluated the isolated epitrochlearis muscle from ∼24.5-mo-old rats that were either fed ad libitum (AL) or subjected to CR (consuming ∼65% of ad libitum, AL, intake beginning at ∼22.5 mo old). Some muscles were also incubated with MK-2206, a potent and selective Akt inhibitor. The most important results were that in isolated muscles, CR vs. AL resulted in 1) greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake 2) that was accompanied by significantly increased insulin-mediated activation of Akt2, as indicated by greater phosphorylation on both Thr(309) and Ser(474) along with greater Akt2 activity, 3) concomitant with enhanced phosphorylation of several Akt substrates, including an Akt substrate of 160 kDa on Thr(642) and Ser(588), filamin C on Ser(2213) and proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa on Thr(246), but not TBC1D1 on Thr(596); and 4) each of the CR effects was eliminated by MK-2206. These data provide compelling new evidence linking greater Akt2 activation to the CR-induced elevation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by muscle from old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Wang H, Sharma N, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in the Soleus Muscle of 30-Month-Old Rats After Calorie Restriction With or Without Acute Exercise. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:323-32. [PMID: 26341783 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and calorie restriction (CR) can each improve insulin sensitivity in older individuals, but benefits of combining these treatments on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and glucose uptake are poorly understood, especially in predominantly slow-twitch muscles (eg, soleus). Accordingly, our purpose was to determine independent and combined effects of prior acute exercise and CR (beginning at 14 weeks old) on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated soleus muscles of 30-month-old rats. CR alone (but not exercise alone) versus ad libitum sedentary controls induced greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. There was a main effect of diet (CR > ad libitum) for insulin-stimulated Akt(Ser473) and Akt(Thr308) phosphorylation. CR alone versus ad libitum sedentary increased Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Ser(588) phosphorylation and TBC1D1 Thr(596), but not AS160 Thr(642) phosphorylation or abundance of GLUT4, GLUT1, or hexokinase II proteins. Combined CR and exercise versus CR alone did not further increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake although phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473), Akt(Thr308), TBC1D1(Thr596), and AMPK(Thr172) for the combined group exceeded values for CR and/or exercise alone. These results revealed that although the soleus was highly responsive to a CR-induced enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the exercise protocol did not elevate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, either alone or when combined with CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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