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Wang X, Lam SM, Cao M, Wang T, Wang Z, Yu M, Li B, Zhang H, Ping F, Song G, Feng K, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhou L, Deng M, Zhai X, Xiao X, Shui G. Localized increases in CEPT1 and ATGL elevate plasmalogen phosphatidylcholines in HDLs contributing to atheroprotective lipid profiles in hyperglycemic GCK-MODY. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101855. [PMID: 33450726 PMCID: PMC7810764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) represents a rare genetic disorder due to mutation in the glucokinase (GCK) gene. The low incidence of vascular complications in GCK-MODY makes it a natural paradigm for interrogating molecular mechanisms promoting vascular health under prolonged hyperglycemia. Clinical rate of misdiagnosis has remained high, and a reliable serum lipid biomarker that precedes genetic screening can facilitate correct diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we comprehensively quantitated 565 serum lipids from 25 classes in 105 subjects (42 nondiabetic controls, 30 GC K-MODY patients, 33 drug-naïve, and newly-onset T2D patients). At false-discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, several phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and plasmalogen PCs were specifically increased in GCK-MODY, while triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) were reduced. Correlation matrices between lipids uncovered coregulation between plasmalogen PCs (PCps) and glycerolipid precursors was distinctly enhanced in GCK-MODY compared to T2D. Strengthened positive correlations between serum PCps and circulating HDLs was specifically observed in hyperglycemic subjects (i.e. T2D and GCK-MODY) compared to normglycemic controls, suggesting that HDL-PCps may elicit distinct physiological effects under hyperglycemia. Amongst GCK-MODY patients, individuals harboring variants of GCK mutations with elevated PCps also exhibited higher HDLs. Isolated HDLs displayed localized increases (p < 0.05) in very-long-chain PUFA-PCs and PCps in GCK-MODY. Protein analyses revealed elevated levels of HDL-resident ATGL (P = 0.003) and CEPT1 (P < 0.0001), which mediate critical steps of PCps production along the TAG-DAG-PC axis, in GCK-MODY relative to T2D. A panel of four lipids differentiated GCK-MODY from T2D with AUC of 0.950 (95% CI 0.903–9.997). This study provides the first evidence that enhanced recruitment of CEPT1 and ATGL onto HDLs essentially underlie the atheroprotective profiles associated with GCK-MODY. Resultant increases in the production of HDL-PCps and PUFA-PCs provides an active, circulating form of protection towards the vasculature of GCK-MODY, thereby lowering the incidence of vascular complications despite chronic exposure to hyperglycemia since birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Bernhard W. Choline in cystic fibrosis: relations to pancreas insufficiency, enterohepatic cycle, PEMT and intestinal microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1737-1759. [PMID: 32797252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder with life-threatening organ manifestations. 87% of CF patients develop exocrine pancreas insufficiency, frequently starting in utero and requiring lifelong pancreatic enzyme substitution. 99% develop progressive lung disease, and 20-60% CF-related liver disease, from mild steatosis to cirrhosis. Characteristically, pancreas, liver and lung are linked by choline metabolism, a critical nutrient in CF. Choline is a tightly regulated tissue component in the form of phosphatidylcholine (Ptd'Cho) and sphingomyelin (SPH) in all membranes and many secretions, particularly of liver (bile, lipoproteins) and lung (surfactant, lipoproteins). Via its downstream metabolites, betaine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine, choline is the major one-carbon donor for methionine regeneration from homocysteine. Methionine is primarily used for essential methylation processes via S-adenosyl-methionine. CLINICAL IMPACT CF patients with exocrine pancreas insufficiency frequently develop choline deficiency, due to loss of bile Ptd'Cho via feces. ~ 50% (11-12 g) of hepatic Ptd'Cho is daily secreted into the duodenum. Its re-uptake requires cleavage to lyso-Ptd'Cho by pancreatic and small intestinal phospholipases requiring alkaline environment. Impaired CFTR-dependent bicarbonate secretion, however, results in low duodenal pH, impaired phospholipase activity, fecal Ptd'Cho loss and choline deficiency. Low plasma choline causes decreased availability for parenchymal Ptd'Cho metabolism, impacting on organ functions. Choline deficiency results in hepatic choline/Ptd'Cho accretion from lung tissue via high density lipoproteins, explaining the link between choline deficiency and lung function. Hepatic Ptd'Cho synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) partly compensates for choline deficiency, but frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms enhance choline requirement. Additionally, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) frequently causes intraluminal choline degradation in CF patients prior to its absorption. As adequate choline supplementation was clinically effective and adult as well as pediatric CF patients suffer from choline deficiency, choline supplementation in CF patients of all ages should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Shi X, Xie J, Zhang M, Ma J, Wang F, Tang X. Combination of 15 lipid metabolites and motilin to diagnose spleen-deficiency FD. Chin Med 2019; 14:16. [PMID: 31011363 PMCID: PMC6466668 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess clinical characteristics in FD with spleen deficiency syndrome and metabolic perturbations involved in FD progress. We combined metabolic biomarkers and clinical features into a better prediction for FD with Spleen Deficiency syndrome. METHODS A total of 276 people were recruited, including 215 FD patients and 61 healthy control group (HC). The clinical characteristics and gastric emptying rate were compared between spleen deficiency-FD group and non-spleen deficiency-FD. The serum lipids metabonomics analysis was performed to determine the metabolic differences in spleen deficiency-FD group and HC. RESULTS The symptoms of postprandial discomfort in Spleen Deficiency group were more severe (P < 0.05), and delayed gastric emptying was more pronounced (P < 0.05) vs. non-Spleen deficiency. Decreased motilin (OR = 0.990, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.982-0.997) was independent risk factor related to Spleen Deficiency group. We identified 15 metabolites for spleen deficiency group vs. HC, majority of those biomarkers belonged to the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. The combination of 15 metabolics could diagnose spleen deficiency-FD, with the AUC of 0.9943, 95% CI 0.9854-1.0000), and the combination of 15 metabolics and motilin could diagnose spleen deficiency-FD, with the AUC of 0.9615, 95% CI 0.9264-9967). CONCLUSIONS This study provides supportive evidence that Spleen deficiency syndrome was associated with delayed gastric emptying and the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway was perturbed in FD patients. The combination of metabolic biomarkers and clinical features provided us with new ideas for multidimensional diagnosis of FD.Trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn, no: ChiCTR-TRC-13003200. clinicaltrials.gov, no: NCT02762136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Caochang, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Caochang, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Caochang, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Caochang, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Caochang, Beijing, 100091 China
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Bisgaier CL, Ackermann R, Rea T, Rodrigueza WV, Hartman D. ApoA-IMilano phospholipid complex (ETC-216) infusion in human volunteers. Insights into the phenotypic characteristics of ApoA-IMilano carriers. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee SD, Thornton SJ, Sachs-Barrable K, Kim JH, Wasan KM. Evaluation of the contribution of the ATP binding cassette transporter, P-glycoprotein, to in vivo cholesterol homeostasis. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3203-12. [PMID: 23750858 DOI: 10.1021/mp4002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp, encoded by ABCB1, commonly known as MDR1), an ATP-dependent transporter with a broad range of hydrophobic drug substrates, has been associated with the in vitro intracellular transport of cholesterol; however, these findings have not been confirmed in vivo. In this manuscript we tested the contributions of Pgp to in vivo cholesterol homeostasis by comparing the cholesterol phenotype of wild type mice with mice lacking both murine isoforms of Pgp (Abcb1a(-/-)/1b(-/-)) by measuring cholesterol absorption, circulating cholesterol, and lipoprotein cholesterol profiles. The mice were fed diets containing normal or high levels of dietary fat (25% vs 45% kcal from fat) and cholesterol (0.02% vs 0.20% w/w) for 8 weeks to challenge their capacity to maintain homeostasis. There were no significant differences in cholesterol absorption, circulating cholesterol levels, and lipoprotein profiles between Pgp knockout and wild type mice fed matching diets. Compensatory shifts were observed in the activation of two key transcription factors involved in maintaining cholesterol balance, the Liver X Receptor and SREBP-2, which may have maintained the wild type phenotype in the knockout mice. Deletion of Pgp affected the molar composition of gallbladder bile, when the mice were fed diets containing high levels of dietary fat, cholesterol, or both. The mole fraction of bile salts was reduced in the gallbladder bile of Pgp knockout mice, while the mole fraction of cholesterol was increased. In this paper, we provide evidence that Pgp knockout mice maintain cholesterol homeostasis, even when challenged with high cholesterol diets. We suggest that the specific shifts in cholesterol regulatory networks identified in the jejunum and liver of the knockout mice may have compensated for the lack of Pgp. Our finding that Pgp knockout mice were unable to maintain gallbladder bile composition when challenged with high dietary fat and/or cholesterol compliments recent reports that Pgp may be a secondary bile salt export pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia , 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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6
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Flores-Martín J, Rena V, Márquez S, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Genti-Raimondi S. StarD7 knockdown modulates ABCG2 expression, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44152. [PMID: 22952907 PMCID: PMC3430668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing 7 (StarD7) is a member of the START-domain protein family whose function still remains unclear. Our data from an explorative microarray assay performed with mRNAs from StarD7 siRNA-transfected JEG-3 cells indicated that ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2) was one of the most abundantly downregulated mRNAs. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we have confirmed that knocking down StarD7 mRNA lead to a decrease in the xenobiotic/lipid transporter ABCG2 at both the mRNA and protein levels (−26.4% and −41%, p<0.05, at 48 h of culture, respectively). Also a concomitant reduction in phospholipid synthesis, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake and 3H-thymidine incorporation was detected. Wound healing and transwell assays revealed that JEG-3 cell migration was significantly diminished (p<0.05). Conversely, biochemical differentiation markers such as human chorionic gonadotrophin β-subunit (βhCG) protein synthesis and secretion as well as βhCG and syncytin-1 mRNAs were increased approximately 2-fold. In addition, desmoplakin immunostaining suggested that there was a reduction of intercellular desmosomes between adjacent JEG-3 cells after knocking down StarD7. Conclusions/Significance Altogether these findings provide evidence for a role of StarD7 in cell physiology indicating that StarD7 modulates ABCG2 multidrug transporter level, cell migration, proliferation, and biochemical and morphological differentiation marker expression in a human trophoblast cell model.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Choriocarcinoma/genetics
- Choriocarcinoma/pathology
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/genetics
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Gene Products, env/metabolism
- Gene Silencing
- Giant Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phospholipids/biosynthesis
- Pregnancy Proteins/genetics
- Pregnancy Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésica Flores-Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Rena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Márquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela M. Panzetta-Dutari
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Genti-Raimondi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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7
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Kang HW, Wei J, Cohen DE. PC-TP/StARD2: Of membranes and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:449-56. [PMID: 20338778 PMCID: PMC2897958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) binds phosphatidylcholines, and catalyzes their intermembrane transfer and exchange in vitro. The structure of PC-TP comprises a hydrophobic pocket and a well-defined head group binding site, and its gene expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha. Recent studies have revealed key regulatory roles for PC-TP in lipid and glucose metabolism. Notably, Pctp(-/-) mice are sensitized to the action of insulin, and exhibit more efficient brown fat-mediated thermogenesis. PC-TP appears to limit access of fatty acids to mitochondria by stimulating the activity of thioesterase superfamily member 2, a newly characterized long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase. Because PC-TP discriminates between phosphatidylcholines within lipid bilayers, it might function as a sensor that links metabolic regulation to membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Possible protective role of pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile in lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 636:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Scapa EF, Pocai A, Wu MK, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Glenz L, Kanno K, Li H, Biddinger S, Jelicks LA, Rossetti L, Cohen DE. Regulation of energy substrate utilization and hepatic insulin sensitivity by phosphatidylcholine transfer protein/StarD2. FASEB J 2008; 22:2579-90. [PMID: 18347010 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, also known as StarD2) is a highly specific intracellular lipid binding protein with accentuated expression in oxidative tissues. Here we show that decreased plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in fasting PC-TP-deficient (Pctp(-/-)) mice are attributable to increased hepatic insulin sensitivity. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, Pctp(-/-) mice exhibited profound reductions in hepatic glucose production, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and glucose cycling. These changes were explained in part by the lack of PC-TP expression in liver per se and in part by marked alterations in body fat composition. Reduced respiratory quotients in Pctp(-/-) mice were indicative of preferential fatty acid utilization for energy production in oxidative tissues. In the setting of decreased hepatic fatty acid synthesis, increased clearance rates of dietary triglycerides and increased hepatic triglyceride production rates reflected higher turnover in Pctp(-/-) mice. Collectively, these data support a key biological role for PC-TP in the regulation of energy substrate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez F Scapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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10
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Dolley G, Berthier MT, Lamarche B, Després JP, Bouchard C, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Influences of the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein gene variants on the LDL peak particle size. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:297-302. [PMID: 17266964 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small, dense LDL phenotype is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. A genome-wide scan performed on 236 nuclear families of the Quebec Family Study (QFS) revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting LDL peak particle size (LDL-PPD) and density on the 17q21 region. This region contains the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein gene (PCTP). In the liver, phosphatidylcholine transfer protein binds specifically phosphatidylcholine suggesting a role for this protein in the formation of HDL and possibly VLDL phospholipid membranes. OBJECTIVES To test the association between two coding polymorphisms (c.29A>C (Glu10Ala) and c.188G>A (Cys63Tyr)) in PCTP gene and the LDL-PPD. METHODS LDL-PPD was measured by non-denaturating 2-16% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis on 623 QFS subjects. RESULTS After adjustment for age and sex, carriers of the c.29C allele showed larger LDL-PPD than A/A homozygotes (p<0.05). These results remained significant when LDL-PPD was further adjusted for the effects of BMI and triglyceride levels (p<0.04). We also observed a three-fold lower risk of having the small (LDL-PPD <256A), dense LDL phenotype in subjects carrying the c.29C allele, when compared to A/A homozygotes (OR=0.35 (95% CI: 0.14-0.91; p=0.03)). CONCLUSION PCTP gene variants are associated with LDL-PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dolley
- CRML, CHUL Research Centre, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Ste-Foy, Canada
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11
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Kanno K, Wu MK, Scapa EF, Roderick SL, Cohen DE. Structure and function of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP)/StarD2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:654-62. [PMID: 17499021 PMCID: PMC2743068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) is a highly specific soluble lipid binding protein that transfers phosphatidylcholine between membranes in vitro. PC-TP is a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related transfer (START) domain superfamily. Although its biochemical properties and structure are well characterized, the functions of PC-TP in vivo remain incompletely understood. Studies of mice with homozygous disruption of the Pctp gene have largely refuted the hypothesis that this protein participates in the hepatocellular selection and transport of biliary phospholipids, in the production of lung surfactant, in leukotriene biosynthesis and in cellular phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Nevertheless, Pctp(-/-) mice exhibit interesting defects in lipid homeostasis, the understanding of which should elucidate the biological functions of PC-TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kanno
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michele K. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erez F. Scapa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven L. Roderick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to this author at: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 525-7846; Fax: (617) 264-6368;
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- David Akopian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8262, USA
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13
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Pan HJ, Agate DS, King BL, Wu MK, Roderick SL, Leiter EH, Cohen DE. A polymorphism in New Zealand inbred mouse strains that inactivates phosphatidylcholine transfer protein. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5953-8. [PMID: 17046758 PMCID: PMC1693963 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand obese (NZO/HlLt) male mice develop polygenic diabetes and altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism. The gene encoding phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) is sited within the support interval for Nidd3, a recessive NZO-derived locus on Chromosome 11 identified by prior segregation analysis between NZO/HlLt and NON/Lt. Sequence analysis revealed that the NZO-derived PC-TP contained a non-synonymous point mutation that resulted in an Arg120His substitution, which was shared by the related NZB/BlNJ and NZW/LacJ mouse strains. Consistent with the structure-based predictions, functional studies demonstrated that Arg120His PC-TP was inactive, suggesting that this mutation contributes to the deficiencies in phosphatidylcholine metabolism observed in NZO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ju Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diana S. Agate
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | - Michele K. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven L. Roderick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115
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Wirtz KWA. Phospholipid transfer proteins in perspective. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5436-41. [PMID: 16828756 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery and subsequent purification from mammalian tissues more than 30 years ago an impressive number of studies have been carried out to characterize and elucidate the biological functions of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP), phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PI-TP) and non-specific lipid transfer protein, more commonly known as sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2). Here I will present information to show that these soluble, low-molecular weight proteins constitute domain structures in StArR-related lipid transfer (START) proteins (i.e. PC-TP), in retinal degeneration protein, type B (RdgB)-related PI-TPs (e.g. Dm RdgB, Nir2, Nir3) and in peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme-related SCP-2 (i.e. 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase, also denoted as SCP-X and the 80-kDa D-bifunctional protein). Further I will summarize the most recent studies pertaining to the physiological function of these soluble phospholipid transfer proteins in metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel W A Wirtz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Section of Lipid Biochemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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