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Castro M, Valero MS, López-Tofiño Y, López-Gómez L, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Uranga JA, Abalo R. Radiographic and histopathological study of gastrointestinal dysmotility in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in the rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14639. [PMID: 37417393 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a highly incident condition in which a cascade of proinflammatory cytokines is involved. One of its most frequent consequences is ileus, which can increase mortality. Animal models such as that induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are useful to deeply evaluate this condition. The effects of sepsis on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been explored but, to our knowledge, in vivo studies showing the motor and histopathological consequences of endotoxemia in an integrated way are lacking. Our aim was to study in rats the effects of sepsis on GI motility, using radiographic methods, and to assess histological damage in several organs. METHODS Male rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline or E. coli LPS at 0.1, 1, or 5 mg kg-1 . Barium sulfate was intragastrically administered, and X-rays were performed 0-24 h afterwards. Several organs were collected for organography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry studies. KEY RESULTS All LPS doses caused gastroparesia, whereas changes in intestinal motility were dose-and time-dependent, with an initial phase of hypermotility followed by paralytic ileus. Lung, liver, stomach, ileum, and colon (but not spleen or kidneys) were damaged, and density of neutrophils and activated M2 macrophages and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 were increased in the colon 24 h after LPS 5 mg kg-1 . CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Using radiographic, noninvasive methods for the first time, we show that systemic LPS causes dose-, time-, and organ-dependent GI motor effects. Sepsis-induced GI dysmotility is a complex condition whose management needs to take its time-dependent changes into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Castro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Sofía Valero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gómez
- High-Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Uranga
- High-Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Área de Histología Humana y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- High-Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Cannabinoides de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, Madrid, Spain
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Shah AM, Zamora R, Vodovotz Y. Interleukin-17 as a spatiotemporal bridge from acute to chronic inflammation: Novel insights from computational modeling. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1599. [PMID: 36710253 PMCID: PMC10176872 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of several acute inflammatory diseases ranging from sepsis and trauma/hemorrhagic shock to the relevant pathology of the decade, COVID-19, points to the cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A as being centrally involved in the propagation of inflammation. We summarize the role of IL-17A in acute inflammation, leveraging insights made possible by biological network analysis and novel computational methodologies aimed at defining the spatiotemporal spread of inflammation in both experimental animal models and humans. These studies implicate IL-17A in the cross-tissue spread of inflammation, a process that appears to be in part regulated through neural mechanisms. Although acute inflammatory diseases are currently considered distinct from chronic inflammatory pathologies, we suggest that chronic inflammation may represent repeated, cyclical episodes of acute inflammation driven by mechanisms involving IL-17A. Thus, insights from computational modeling of acute inflammatory diseases may improve diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation; in turn, therapeutics developed for chronic/autoimmune disease may be of benefit in acute inflammation. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashti M Shah
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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The Potential Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System and Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010205. [PMID: 36613652 PMCID: PMC9820720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a literature review of the role of CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in physiology, and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and skin. CXCL1, a cytokine belonging to the CXC sub-family of chemokines with CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) as its main receptor, causes the migration and infiltration of neutrophils to the sites of high expression. This implicates CXCL1 in many adverse conditions associated with inflammation and the accumulation of neutrophils. The aim of this study was to describe the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, chronic ischemic heart disease, hypertension, sepsis including sepsis-associated encephalopathy and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury), the respiratory system (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic rhinosinusitis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, lung transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury and tuberculosis) and the skin (wound healing, psoriasis, sunburn and xeroderma pigmentosum). Additionally, the significance of CXCL1 is described in vascular physiology, such as the effects of CXCL1 on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.
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The Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Abdominal Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137151. [PMID: 35806156 PMCID: PMC9266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is a CXC chemokine, CXCR2 ligand and chemotactic factor for neutrophils. In this paper, we present a review of the role of the chemokine CXCL1 in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the oral cavity and abdominal organs (gingiva, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys). We focus on the importance of CXCL1 on implantation and placentation as well as on human pluripotent stem cells. We also show the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the abdominal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity (periodontal diseases, periodontitis, Sjögren syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), HBV and HCV infection, liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), obesity and overweight, kidney transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury, endometriosis and adenomyosis).
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Docsa T, Sipos A, Cox CS, Uray K. The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6917. [PMID: 35805922 PMCID: PMC9266627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding intolerance and the development of ileus is a common complication affecting critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, resulting in prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stays, increased infectious complications, a higher rate of hospital readmission, and higher medical care costs. Medical treatment for ileus is ineffective and many of the available prokinetic drugs have serious side effects that limit their use. Despite the large number of patients affected and the consequences of ileus, little progress has been made in identifying new drug targets for the treatment of ileus. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the development of ileus, but surprisingly little is known about the direct effects of inflammatory mediators on cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and many of the studies are conflicting. Understanding the effects of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines on the development of ileus will facilitate the early identification of patients who will develop ileus and the identification of new drug targets to treat ileus. Thus, herein, we review the published literature concerning the effects of inflammatory mediators on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Adám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
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Barron LK, Bao JW, Aladegbami BG, Colasanti JJ, Guo J, Erwin CR, Warner BW. Toll-like receptor 4 is critical for the development of resection-associated hepatic steatosis. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1014-1019. [PMID: 28351520 PMCID: PMC5466889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of children with short bowel syndrome experience intestinal failure-associated liver disease. We recently demonstrated accelerated hepatic steatosis after 50% small bowel resection (SBR) in mice. Since SBR is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, the purpose of this study was to determine whether TLR4 signaling is critical to the development of resection-associated hepatic steatosis. METHODS Male C57BL6 (control) and TLR4-knockout (KO) mice underwent 50% proximal SBR. Liver sections were analyzed to obtain the percent lipid content, and Ileal sections were assessed for morphological adaptation. Intestinal TLR4 mRNA expression was measured at 7days and 10weeks. RESULTS Compared to controls, TLR4 KO mice demonstrated similar weight gain and morphological adaptation after SBR. Hepatic steatosis was decreased 32-fold in the absence of TLR4. Intestinal TLR4 mRNA expression was significantly elevated 7days after SBR. We also found that TLR4 expression in the intestine was 20-fold higher in whole bowel sections compared with isolated enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS TLR4 signaling is critical for the development of resection-associated steatosis, but not involved in intestinal adaptation after massive SBR. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanism for TLR4 signaling in the genesis of resection-associated liver injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Animal study, not clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Barron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James W Bao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bola G Aladegbami
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Colasanti
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher R Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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