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Parasram K, Zuccato A, Shin M, Willms R, DeVeale B, Foley E, Karpowicz P. The emergence of circadian timekeeping in the intestine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1788. [PMID: 38413599 PMCID: PMC10899604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular timekeeper, present from cyanobacteria to mammals, that coordinates internal physiology with the external environment. The clock has a 24-h period however development proceeds with its own timing, raising the question of how these interact. Using the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster as a model for organ development, we track how and when the circadian clock emerges in specific cell types. We find that the circadian clock begins abruptly in the adult intestine and gradually synchronizes to the environment after intestinal development is complete. This delayed start occurs because individual cells at earlier stages lack the complete circadian clock gene network. As the intestine develops, the circadian clock is first consolidated in intestinal stem cells with changes in Ecdysone and Hnf4 signalling influencing the transcriptional activity of Clk/cyc to drive the expression of tim, Pdp1, and vri. In the mature intestine, stem cell lineage commitment transiently disrupts clock activity in differentiating progeny, mirroring early developmental clock-less transitions. Our data show that clock function and differentiation are incompatible and provide a paradigm for studying circadian clocks in development and stem cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amy Zuccato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Minjeong Shin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Reegan Willms
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Brian DeVeale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Hibberd TJ, Ramsay S, Spencer-Merris P, Dinning PG, Zagorodnyuk VP, Spencer NJ. Circadian rhythms in colonic function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239278. [PMID: 37711458 PMCID: PMC10498548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhythmic expression of clock genes occurs within the cells of multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, termed "peripheral clocks." Peripheral clocks are subject to entrainment by a multitude of factors, many of which are directly or indirectly controlled by the light-entrainable clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral clocks occur in the gastrointestinal tract, notably the epithelia whose functions include regulation of absorption, permeability, and secretion of hormones; and in the myenteric plexus, which is the intrinsic neural network principally responsible for the coordination of muscular activity in the gut. This review focuses on the physiological circadian variation of major colonic functions and their entraining mechanisms, including colonic motility, absorption, hormone secretion, permeability, and pain signalling. Pathophysiological states such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis and their interactions with circadian rhythmicity are also described. Finally, the classic circadian hormone melatonin is discussed, which is expressed in the gut in greater quantities than the pineal gland, and whose exogenous use has been of therapeutic interest in treating colonic pathophysiological states, including those exacerbated by chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hibberd
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stewart Ramsay
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Phil G. Dinning
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nick J. Spencer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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3
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Dan H, Ruan T, Sampogna RV. Circadian Clock Regulation of Developmental Time in the Kidney. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107661. [PMID: 32433970 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the emergence of an endogenous circadian clock that regulates organogenesis in mouse fetal kidney. We detect circadian rhythms both in vivo with transcriptional profiling and ex vivo by bioluminescence. High-resolution structural analysis of embryonic explants reveals that global or local clock disruption results in defects that resemble human congenital abnormalities of the kidney. The onset of fetal rhythms strongly correlates with the timing of a distinct transition in branching and growth rates during a gestational window of high fetal growth demands. Defects in clock mutants typically have been attributed to accelerated aging; however, our study establishes a role for the fetal circadian clock as a developmental timer that regulates the pathways that control organogenesis, branching rate, and nephron number and thus plays a fundamental role in kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Dan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosemary V Sampogna
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042058. [PMID: 33669686 PMCID: PMC7922827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.
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Zhang H, Deng Q, Fan W, Zheng M, Chen H, Chen S, He H, Huang F. Changes in Per1 and Per2 expression during early postnatal stage in rat masseters. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1592349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huini Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Deng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Daily expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-1 protein in jejunum during rat ontogeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:290-296. [PMID: 31528732 PMCID: PMC6737494 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that intestinal capacities such as the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and the subsequent absorption of the hydrolyzed products, are evolutionary matched to dietary loads and feeding behaviors. In this study, we demonstrate that the protein expression of apically located sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT-1) throughout rat ontogeny is daily adjusted to afford glucose uptake when the load of this metabolically essential monosaccharide in the intestinal lumen is maximum. The jejunal expression of SGLT-1 protein in 14 one-day-old suckling pups was found to increase at dark and early light phase (P < 0.05), when they have a better access to mother milk. In weaning 21-d-old and juvenile 28-d-old rats, the cotransporter expression was high throughout the entire day (P < 0.05). Finally, adult 90-d-old rats showed a well-developed circadian rhythm for SGLT-1 protein (P < 0.05), whose expression increased at late light and dark phase when the highest intestinal glucose load was achieved. To our knowledge, these results are the first reporting the daily profile of SGLT-1 expression during rat early developmental stage and may contribute to understand the biological significance of a well-established molecular capacity to deal with the crucial increase of glucose load in the diet during the weaning process.
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Sládek M, Sumová A. Modulation of NMDA-Mediated Clock Resetting in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of mPer2 Luc Mouse by Endocannabinoids. Front Physiol 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 30984034 PMCID: PMC6450388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Light entrains the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) predominantly through glutamatergic signaling via NMDA receptors. The magnitude and the direction of resulting phase shifts depend on timing of the photic stimulus. Previous reports based on behavioral and electrophysiological data suggested that endocannabinoids (EC) might reduce the ability of the SCN clock to respond to light. However, there is little direct evidence for the involvement of EC in entrainment of the rhythmic clock gene expression in the SCN. We have used luminescence recording of cultured SCN slices from mPer2Luc mice to construct a complete phase response curve (PRC) for NMDA receptor activation. The results demonstrated that NMDA administration phase-shifts the PER2 rhythm in a time-specific manner. A stable “singularity,” in the course of which the clock seemingly stops while the overall phase is caught between delays and advances, can occur in response to NMDA at a narrow interval during the PER2 level decrease. NMDA-induced phase delays were affected neither by the agonist (WIN 55,212-2 mesylate) nor by the antagonist (rimonabant hydrochloride) of EC receptors. However, the agonist significantly reduced the NMDA-induced phase advance of the clock, while the antagonist enhanced the phase advance, causing a shift in the sensitivity window of the SCN to NMDA. The modulation of EC signaling in the SCN had no effect by itself on the phase of the PER2 rhythm. The results provide evidence for a modulatory role of EC in photic entrainment of the circadian clock in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sládek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Sumová
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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9
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Canaple L, Gréchez-Cassiau A, Delaunay F, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Samarut J. Maternal eating behavior is a major synchronizer of fetal and postnatal peripheral clocks in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3991-4005. [PMID: 29804258 PMCID: PMC11105238 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most living organisms show circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. These oscillations are generated by endogenous circadian clocks, present in virtually all cells where they control key biological processes. To study peripheral clocks in vivo, we developed an original model, the Rev-Luc mouse to follow noninvasively and longitudinally Rev-Luc oscillations in peripheral clocks using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. We found in vitro and in vivo a robust diurnal rhythm of Rev-Luc, mainly in liver, intestine, kidney and adipose tissues. We further confirmed in vivo that Rev-Luc peripheral tissues are food-entrainable oscillators, not affected by age or sex. These data strongly support the relevance of the Rev-Luc model for circadian studies, especially to investigate in vivo the establishment and the entrainment of the rhythm throughout ontogenesis. We then showed that Rev-Luc expression develops dynamically and gradually, both in amplitude and in phase, during fetal and postnatal development. We also demonstrate for the first time that the immature peripheral circadian system of offspring in utero is mainly entrained by maternal cues from feeding regimen. The prenatal entrainment will also differentially determine the Rev-Luc expression in pups before weaning underlining the importance of the maternal chrononutrition on the circadian system entrainment of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Canaple
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS UMR 5242, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France.
| | - Aline Gréchez-Cassiau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM U1091, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Bâtiment de Sciences Naturelles, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Delaunay
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM U1091, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Bâtiment de Sciences Naturelles, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Jacques Samarut
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS UMR 5242, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France.
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10
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Novosadová Z, Polidarová L, Sládek M, Sumová A. Alteration in glucose homeostasis and persistence of the pancreatic clock in aged mPer2 Luc mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11668. [PMID: 30076390 PMCID: PMC6076295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of the pancreas is controlled by the circadian clock. The aim of this study was to determine whether aging-induced changes in glucose homeostasis affect properties of the circadian clock in the pancreas and/or its sensitivity to disturbances in environmental lighting conditions. mPer2Luc mice aged 24-26 months developed hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia, which was likely due to the Pclo-mediated insulin hyper-secretion and Slc2a2-mediated glucose transport impairment in the pancreas, and due to the alterations in Pp1r3c-related glycogen storage and Sgk1-related glucose transport in the liver. In the pancreatic tissue, aging affected clock gene expression only marginally, it upregulated Bmal1 and downregulated Clock expression. Whereas aging significantly impaired the circadian clock in lung explants, which were used as a control tissue, the properties of the pancreatic clock in vitro were not affected. The data suggest a non-circadian role of Bmal1 in changes of pancreatic function that occur during aging. Additionally, the pancreatic clock was more sensitive to exposure of animals to constant light conditions. These findings provide an explanation for the previously demonstrated relationship between disturbances in the circadian system and disordered glucose homeostasis, including diabetes mellitus type 2, in subjects exposed to long-term shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Novosadová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Polidarová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sládek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kobayashi M, Watanabe K, Matsumura R, Anayama N, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki H, Miyazaki K, Shimizu T, Akashi M. Involvement of the luteinizing hormone surge in the regulation of ovary and oviduct clock gene expression in mice. Genes Cells 2018; 23:649-657. [PMID: 29920869 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian dysfunction perturbs the female reproductive cycle. In particular, mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1 show severe infertility, implying that BMAL1 plays roles in ovulation and luteinization. Here, we examined temporal changes in clock gene expression in the ovary and oviduct before and during gonadotropin-induced follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization in sexually immature mice. While the oviduct did not show a drastic change in clock gene expression, Bmal1 expression in the ovary was higher than that in control mice during the period from 4 to 16 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Bmal1 expression reached a maximum at 16 hr after hCG administration, when follicle luteinization occurred. In an interesting manner, administration of hCG to ex vivo-cultured oviduct triggered a shorter circadian period and inevitably resulted in phase advance. Together, our present data suggest that LH surge induces continuous expression of BMAL1 in the mouse ovary and modulates circadian phase in the mouse oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Matsumura
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Anayama
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koyomi Miyazaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Akashi
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Olejníková L, Polidarová L, Behuliak M, Sládek M, Sumová A. Circadian alignment in a foster mother improves the offspring's pathological phenotype. J Physiol 2018; 596:5757-5775. [PMID: 29748957 DOI: 10.1113/jp275585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS In mammals, the mother-offspring interaction is essential for health later in adulthood. The impact of altered timing and quality of maternal care on the offspring's circadian system was assessed using a cross-strain fostering approach. Better maternal care facilitated the development of amplitudes of Bmal1 clock gene expression in the central clock, as well as the clock-driven activity/rest rhythm, and also its entrainment to the external light/dark cycle. Worse maternal care impaired entrainment of the central clock parameters in the Wistar rat during the early developmental stages. Better maternal care remedied the dampened amplitudes of the colonic clock, as well as cardiovascular functions. The results provide compelling evidence that the circadian phenotype of a foster mother may affect the pathological symptoms of the offspring, even if they are genetically programmed. ABSTRACT In mammals, the mother-offspring interaction is essential for health later in adulthood. Maternal care is determined by the circadian phenotype of the mother. The impact of altered timing and quality of maternal care on the circadian system was assessed using a cross-strain fostering approach, with 'abnormal' (i.e. circadian misaligned) care being represented by spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 'normal' care by Wistar rats. The SHR mothers worsened synchrony of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei with the light/dark cycle in Wistar rat pups, although this effect disappeared after weaning. The maternal care provided by Wistar rat mothers to SHR pups facilitated the development of amplitudes of the Bmal1 expression rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, as well as the clock-driven activity/rest rhythm and its entrainment to the external light/dark cycle. The peripheral clocks in the liver and colon responded robustly to cross-strain fostering; the circadian phenotype of the Wistar rat foster mother remedied the dampened amplitudes of the colonic clock in SHR pups and improved their cardiovascular functions. In general, the more intensive maternal care of the Wistar rat mothers improved most of the parameters of the abnormal SHR circadian phenotype in adulthood; conversely, the less frequent maternal care of the SHR mothers worsened these parameters in the Wistar rat during the early developmental stages. Altogether, our data provide compelling evidence that the circadian phenotype of a foster mother may positively and negatively affect the regulatory mechanisms of various physiological parameters, even if the pathological symptoms are genetically programmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Behuliak
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Varcoe TJ, Gatford KL, Kennaway DJ. Maternal circadian rhythms and the programming of adult health and disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R231-R241. [PMID: 29141950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00248.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The in utero environment is inherently rhythmic, with the fetus subjected to circadian changes in temperature, substrates, and various maternal hormones. Meanwhile, the fetus is developing an endogenous circadian timing system, preparing for life in an external environment where light, food availability, and other environmental factors change predictably and repeatedly every 24 h. In humans, there are many situations that can disrupt circadian rhythms, including shift work, international travel, insomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders (e.g., advanced/delayed sleep phase disorder), with a growing consensus that this chronodisruption can have deleterious consequences for an individual's health and well-being. However, the impact of chronodisruption during pregnancy on the health of both the mother and fetus is not well understood. In this review, we outline circadian timing system ontogeny in mammals and examine emerging research from animal models demonstrating long-term negative implications for progeny health following maternal chronodisruption during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Varcoe
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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Roa SLR, Martinez EZ, Martins CS, Antonini SR, de Castro M, Moreira AC. Postnatal Ontogeny of the Circadian Expression of the Adrenal Clock Genes and Corticosterone Rhythm in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1339-1346. [PMID: 28324022 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal synchronization of the circadian variation of the adrenal clock genes in mammals remains unknown. We evaluated the postnatal ontogeny of daily variation of clock genes (Clock/Bmal1/Per1/Per2/Per3/Cry1/Cry2/Rorα/Rev-Erbα) and steroidogenesis-related genes (Star and Mc2r) in rat adrenals and its relationship with the emergence of plasma corticosterone rhythm using cosinor analysis. Plasma corticosterone circadian rhythm was detected from postnatal day (P)1, with morning acrophase, between zeitgeber time (ZT)0 and ZT2. From P14, there was a nocturnal acrophase of corticosterone at ZT20, which was associated with pups' eye opening. From P3 there was a circadian variation of the mRNA expression of Bmal1, Per2, Per3, and Cry1 genes with morning acrophase, whereas Rev-Erbα had nocturnal acrophase. From P14, Bmal1, Per2, Per3, and Cry1 acrophases advanced by approximately 10 hours, as compared with early neonatal days, becoming vespertine-nocturnal. In all postnatal ages, Per2 and Cry1 circadian profiles were synchronized in phase with the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone, whereas Bmal1 was in antiphase. An adult-like Star circadian rhythm profile was observed only from P21. In conclusion, our original data demonstrated a progressive postnatal maturation of the circadian variation of the adrenal clock genes in synchrony with the development of the corticosterone circadian rhythm in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Liliana Ruiz Roa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sonir Rauber Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ayrton Custódio Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Wu S, Fesler A, Ju J. Implications of Circadian Rhythm Regulation by microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 2:1-6. [PMID: 27747302 PMCID: PMC5065106 DOI: 10.4103/2395-3977.177555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To establish a connection between microRNA (miRNAs), circadian rhythm, and colorectal cancer patient survival. Methods Genomic and clinical data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer database, and the expression levels of candidate miRNAs and a set of circadian rhythm-related genes (Per1, Per2, Per3, Bmal1), and genes associated with chemosensitivity (thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase) were assessed for any correlations among their expression. In addition, survival analyses specific to different colorectal cancer stages were performed to determine if these genes contribute to patient outcomes. Results Significant inverse correlation between the expression of Per1 and that of miR-192 and miR-194 was observed. In survival analyses, high miR-192 and miR-194 correlate with better overall survival in Stage II patients, but worse survival in more advanced Stage III/IV patients. The expression of Per1, but Per2 or Bmal1, is marginally associated with patient survival for Stage II patients. Low thymidylate synthase expression correlates with better overall survival in Stage II patients but worse survival in Stage III/IV patients. Conclusion This study establishes a foundation based on a large genomic database of colorectal cancer, for further investigation into the importance of regulatory mechanisms of circadian rhythm by miRNAs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics Statistics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Wiley JW, Higgins GA, Athey BD. Stress and glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional programming in time and space: Implications for the brain-gut axis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:12-25. [PMID: 26690871 PMCID: PMC4688904 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic psychological stress is associated with enhanced abdominal pain and altered intestinal barrier function that may result from a perturbation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) exploits diverse mechanisms to activate or suppress congeneric gene expression, with regulatory variation associated with stress-related disorders in psychiatry and gastroenterology. PURPOSE During acute and chronic stress, corticotropin-releasing hormone drives secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary, ultimately leading to the release of cortisol (human) and corticosterone (rodent) from the adrenal glands. Cortisol binds with the GR in the cytosol, translocates to the nucleus, and activates the NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 [GR]) gene. This review focuses on the rapidly developing observations that cortisol is responsible for driving circadian and ultradian bursts of transcriptional activity in the CLOCK (clock circadian regulator) and PER (period circadian clock 1) gene families, and this rhythm is disrupted in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and stress-related gastrointestinal and immune disorders. Glucocorticoid receptor regulates different sets of transcripts in a tissue-specific manner, through pulsatile waves of gene expression that includes occupancy of glucocorticoid response elements located within constitutively open spatial domains in chromatin. Emerging evidence supports a potentially pivotal role for epigenetic regulation of how GR interacts with other chromatin regulators to control the expression of its target genes. Dysregulation of the central and peripheral GR regulome has potentially significant consequences for stress-related disorders affecting the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gerald A. Higgins
- Department of Pharmacogenomic Science, Assurex Health, Inc., 6030 South Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian D. Athey
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Marco EM, Velarde E, Llorente R, Laviola G. Disrupted Circadian Rhythm as a Common Player in Developmental Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 29:155-181. [PMID: 26728169 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environment in which individuals develop and mature is critical for their physiological and psychological outcome; in particular, the intrauterine environment has reached far more clinical relevance given its potential influence on shaping brain function and thus mental health. Gestational stress and/or maternal infection during pregnancy has been related with an increased incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. In this framework, the use of animal models has allowed a formal and deep investigation of causal determinants. Despite disruption of circadian clocks often represents a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric disorders, the relationship between disruption of brain development and the circadian system has been scarcely investigated. Nowadays, there is an increasing amount of studies suggesting a link between circadian system malfunction, early-life insults and the appearance of neuropsychiatric diseases at adulthood. Here, we briefly review evidence from clinical literature and animal models suggesting that the exposure to prenatal insults, i.e. severe gestational stress or maternal immune activation, changes the foetal hormonal milieu increasing the circulating levels of both glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These two biological events have been reported to affect genes expression in experimental models and critically interfere with brain development triggering and/or exacerbating behavioural anomalies in the offspring. Herein, we highlight the importance to unravel the individual components of the body circadian system that might also be altered by prenatal insults and that may be causally associated with the disruption of neural and endocrine developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Marco
- Department Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Velarde
- Department Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea (UE), Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Llorente
- Department Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea (UE), Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Section of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Circadian Rhythms in the Fetus and Newborn: Significance of Interactions with Maternal Physiology and the Environment. NEUROMETHODS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3014-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a functional circadian clock in the kidney
contributes to the regulation of renal function including blood pressure and sodium
balance. When does this kidney clock begin ticking? Meszaros et al. provide the first
evidence that the endogenous molecular machinery of the circadian clock begins oscillating
in the late fetal kidney. These findings have important implications for our understanding
of how homeostasis is maintained in early life.
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Sandu C, Liu T, Malan A, Challet E, Pévet P, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Circadian clocks in rat skin and dermal fibroblasts: differential effects of aging, temperature and melatonin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2237-48. [PMID: 25563487 PMCID: PMC11113462 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a peripheral tissue localized at the interface between internal and external environments, skin performs functions which are critical for the preservation of body homeostasis, in coordination with environmental changes. Some of these functions undergo daily variations, such as temperature or water loss, suggesting the presence of time-keeping mechanisms. Rhythmic functions are controlled by a network of circadian oscillators present virtually in every cell and coordinated by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are generated by conserved transcriptional-translational feedback loops involving several clock genes, among which Per1 and Per2 play a central role. Here we characterize clock activity in skin of the transgenic Per1-luciferase rat during postnatal development and adulthood, by real-time recording of bioluminescence in explants and primary dermal fibroblasts, and report marked transformation in circadian properties, from early life to aging. Using primary dermal fibroblast cultures we provide evidence that melatonin treatment phase dependently increases the amplitude of circadian oscillations and that ambient temperature impacts on their period, with slight overcompensation. Together, these findings demonstrate that skin contains a self-sustained circadian clock undergoing age-dependent changes. Dermal fibroblasts, one of the major skin cell types, also exhibit robust, yet specific, circadian rhythmicity which can be fine-tuned by both internal (melatonin) and external (temperature) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sandu
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Taole Liu
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - André Malan
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR 3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Olejníková L, Polidarová L, Paušlyová L, Sládek M, Sumová A. Diverse development and higher sensitivity of the circadian clocks to changes in maternal-feeding regime in a rat model of cardio-metabolic disease. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:531-47. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1014095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Landgraf D, Achten C, Dallmann F, Oster H. Embryonic development and maternal regulation of murine circadian clock function. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:416-27. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.986576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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