1
|
Wang B, Li Z, An W, Fan G, Li D, Qin L. Duct ligation/de-ligation model: exploring mechanisms for salivary gland injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1399934. [PMID: 38983787 PMCID: PMC11231214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1399934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis and sialadenitis-induced sialopathy are typically caused by obstruction of the salivary gland ducts. Atrophy of the salivary glands in experimental animals caused by duct ligation exhibits a histopathology similar to that of salivary gland sialadenitis. Therefore, a variety of duct ligation/de-ligation models have been commonly employed to study salivary gland injury and regeneration. Duct ligation is mainly characterised by apoptosis and activation of different signaling pathways in parenchymal cells, which eventually leads to gland atrophy and progressive dysfunction. By contrast, duct de-ligation can initiate the recovery of gland structure and function by regenerating the secretory tissue. This review summarizes the animal duct ligation/de-ligation models that have been used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders, in order to unravel the pathological changes and underlying mechanisms involved in salivary gland injury and regeneration. These experimental models have contributed to developing effective and curative strategies for gland dysfunction and providing plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaiping Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Liu P, Wei L, Li W, Li B, Cheng Y. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance in chronic sialadenitis of submandibular gland in human and rat. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1005-1016. [PMID: 34826194 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the level of oxidative stress (OS) in human and rat chronic sialadenitis (CS) of the submandibular gland (SMG). METHOD We collected human SMG tissues and established a rat CS model using Wharton's duct partial ligation (PL). Morphological changes in the SMG were evaluated by HE, Sirius Red, AB/PAS, TUNEL and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were detected by ELISA, commercial assay kits and IHC staining to evaluate their expression levels and locations in the SMG. RESULTS Histopathological damage were observed in the human and rat CS. In rat PL group, the oxidative damage products (8-OHdG, AOPP, 8-iso-PGF2α and H2 O2 ) were significantly increased. For antioxidants, the PL group had markedly decreased T-AOC and CAT activity, but markedly increased SOD activity. 3-NT, 4-HNE and MDA expression changed during the process of CS, and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1 and GPX4) were mainly expressed in ducts. CONCLUSIONS The oxidative-antioxidant imbalance of CS in human and rats was revealed, the different expression of oxidative damage during the process of CS was detected, and the different antioxidant reaction in acinar and ductal cells was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McKendrick JG, Emmerson E. The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:1-34. [PMID: 35636925 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear innate immune cells which have become of increasing interest in the fields of disease and regeneration, as their non-classical functions have been elucidated in addition to their classical inflammatory functions. Macrophages can regulate tissue remodeling, by both mounting and reducing inflammatory responses; and exhibit direct communication with other cells to drive tissue turnover and cell replacement. Furthermore, macrophages have recently become an attractive therapeutic target to drive tissue regeneration. The major salivary glands are glandular tissues that are exposed to pathogens through their close connection with the oral cavity. Moreover, there are a number of diseases that preferentially destroy the salivary glands, causing irreversible injury, highlighting the need for a regenerative strategy. However, characterization of macrophages in the mouse and human salivary glands is sparse and has been mostly determined from studies in infection or autoimmune pathologies. In this review, we describe the current literature around salivary gland macrophages, and speculate about the niches they inhabit and how their role in development, regeneration and cancer may inform future therapeutic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Experimental Animal Model Systems for Understanding Salivary Secretory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228423. [PMID: 33182571 PMCID: PMC7696548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretory disorders are life-disrupting pathologic conditions with a high prevalence, especially in the geriatric population. Both patients and clinicians frequently feel helpless and get frustrated by the currently available therapeutic strategies, which consist mainly of palliative managements. Accordingly, to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective and curative strategies, several animal models have been developed and introduced. Experimental findings from these models have contributed to answer biological and biomedical questions. This review aims to provide various methodological considerations used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders using animal models and to summarize the obtained findings. The information provided in this review could provide plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders and also suggest purpose-specific experimental animal systems.
Collapse
|
5
|
D’Agostino C, Elkashty OA, Chivasso C, Perret J, Tran SD, Delporte C. Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061547. [PMID: 32630469 PMCID: PMC7349754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to water to allow water transport across cell membranes according to osmotic gradient. This review gives an insight into SG AQPs. Indeed, it gives a summary of the expression and localization of AQPs in adult human, rat and mouse SG, as well as of their physiological role in SG function. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive view of the involvement of AQPs in pathological conditions affecting SG, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, agedness, head and neck cancer radiotherapy and SG cancer. These conditions are characterized by salivary hypofunction resulting in xerostomia. A specific focus is given on current and future therapeutic strategies aiming at AQPs to treat xerostomia. A deeper understanding of the AQPs involvement in molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and diseases offered new avenues for therapeutic approaches, including drugs, gene therapy and tissue engineering. As such, AQP5 represents a potential therapeutic target in different strategies for the treatment of xerostomia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Osama A. Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-5556210
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosoi K, Yao C, Hasegawa T, Yoshimura H, Akamatsu T. Dynamics of Salivary Gland AQP5 under Normal and Pathologic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041182. [PMID: 32053992 PMCID: PMC7072788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AQP5 plays an important role in the salivary gland function. The mRNA and protein for aquaporin 5 (AQP5) are expressed in the acini from embryonic days E13-16 and E17-18, respectively and for entire postnatal days. Ligation-reopening of main excretory duct induces changes in the AQP5 level which would give an insight for mechanism of regeneration/self-duplication of acinar cells. The AQP5 level in the submandibular gland (SMG) decreases by chorda tympani denervation (CTD) via activation autophagosome, suggesting that its level in the SMG under normal condition is maintained by parasympathetic nerve. Isoproterenol (IPR), a β-adrenergic agonist, raised the levels of membrane AQP5 protein and its mRNA in the parotid gland (PG), suggesting coupling of the AQP5 dynamic and amylase secretion-restoration cycle. In the PG, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is shown to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalings and potentially downregulate AQP5 expression via cross coupling of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB. In most species, Ser-156 and Thr-259 of AQP5 are experimentally phosphorylated, which is enhanced by cAMP analogues and forskolin. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of AQP5 does not seem to be markedly involved in regulation of its intracellular trafficking but seems to play a role in its constitutive expression and lateral diffusion in the cell membrane. Additionally, Ser-156 phosphorylation may be important for cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Hosoi
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (C.Y.); (T.H.); (T.A.)
- Kosei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka-shi, Osaka 540–0039, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (C.Y.); (T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Takahiro Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (C.Y.); (T.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Yoshimura
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (C.Y.); (T.H.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Akamatsu
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (C.Y.); (T.H.); (T.A.)
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murayama K, Kawakami M, Tanaka A. Chronic Changes in the Atrophied Submandibular Gland after Long-term Ligation of the Main Excretory Duct in Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Murayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Miyuki Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Esain V, Teng L, Xu J, Kwan W, Frost IM, Yzaguirre AD, Cai X, Cortes M, Maijenburg MW, Tober J, Dzierzak E, Orkin SH, Tan K, North TE, Speck NA. Inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2597-612. [PMID: 25395663 PMCID: PMC4248291 DOI: 10.1101/gad.253302.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, Li et al. show that inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation. HSCs from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos expressed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ )or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had fewer AGM HSPCs. IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs were actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Identifying signaling pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation in the embryo will guide efforts to produce and expand HSPCs ex vivo. Here we show that sterile tonic inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic HSPC formation. Expression profiling of progenitors with lymphoid potential and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos revealed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature. Mouse embryos lacking interferon γ (IFN-γ) or IFN-α signaling and zebrafish morphants lacking IFN-γ and IFN-ϕ activity had significantly fewer AGM HSPCs. Conversely, knockdown of IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), a negative regulator of IFN signaling, increased expression of IFN target genes and HSPC production in zebrafish. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) combined with sequencing (ChIP-seq) and expression analyses demonstrated that IRF2-occupied genes identified in human fetal liver CD34+ HSPCs are actively transcribed in human and mouse HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primitive myeloid population contributes to the local inflammatory response to impact the scale of HSPC production in the AGM region. Thus, sterile inflammatory signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating the production of HSPCs during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Virginie Esain
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Li Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wanda Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Isaura M Frost
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirre
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marijke W Maijenburg
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells migrate to healthy and damaged salivary glands following stem cell infusion. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:154-61. [PMID: 24810808 PMCID: PMC4170149 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is a severe side effect of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. To date, no satisfactory treatment option has been established. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment modality, we aimed to evaluate stem cell distribution following intravenous and intraglandular injections using a surgical model of salivary gland damage and to analyse the effects of MSC injections on the recruitment of immune cells. The submandibular gland ducts of rats were surgically ligated. Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were injected intravenously and intraglandularly. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the organs of interest were analysed for stem cell recruitment. Inflammation was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. We were able to demonstrate that, after intravenous injection, MSCs were recruited to normal and damaged submandibular glands on days 1, 3 and 7. Unexpectedly, stem cells were recruited to ligated and non-ligated glands in a comparable manner. After intraglandular injection of MSCs into ligated glands, the presence of MSCs, leucocytes and macrophages was enhanced, compared to intravenous injection of stem cells. Our data suggest that injected MSCs were retained within the inflamed glands, could become activated and subsequently recruited leucocytes to the sites of tissue damage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rao D, Macias E, Carbajal S, Kiguchi K, DiGiovanni J. Constitutive Stat3 activation alters behavior of hair follicle stem and progenitor cell populations. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:121-33. [PMID: 24038534 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STATs play crucial roles in a wide variety of biological functions, including development, proliferation, differentiation and migration as well as in cancer development. In the present study, we examined the impact of constitutive activation of Stat3 on behavior of keratinocytes, including keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) in vivo. BK5.Stat3C transgenic (Tg) mice, which express a constitutively active form of Stat3 (Stat3C) in the basal layer of the epidermis and in the bulge region KSCs exhibited a significantly reduced number of CD34+/α6 integrin+ cells compared to non-transgenic (NTg) littermates. There was a concomitant increase in the Lgr-6, Lrig-1, and Sca-1 populations in the Tg mice in contrast to the CD34 and Keratin-15 positive population. In addition, increased expression of c-myc, β-catenin, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes as well as decreased expression of α6-integrin was observed in the hair follicles of Tg mice. Notably, Sca-1 was found to be a direct transcriptional target of Stat3 in keratinocytes. The current data suggest that elevated Stat3 activity leads to depletion of hair follicle KSCs along with a concomitant increase of stem/progenitor cells above the bulge region. Overall, the current data indicate that Stat3 plays an important role in keratinocyte stem/progenitor cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharanija Rao
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Smithville, Texas
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|