1
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Oxymatrine ameliorated experimental colitis via mechanisms involving inflammatory DCs, gut microbiota and TLR/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109612. [PMID: 36584572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is common knowledge that the crosstalk of gut microbiota (GM) and dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a major bioactive constituent derived from the root of the Sophora flavescens, Oxymatrine (OMT) was used to treat IBD in China. However, it is still unknown whether OMT ameliorates IBD by regulating the crosstalk between DCs and GM. In the present study, after 10 days of OMT (100 mg/kg/day) treated mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), the change rate of body weight, colon weight, colon weight index, colon length, DAI score and colonic pathological damage scores of colitis mice were significantly ameliorate, followed with fewer ulceration and inflammatory cell infiltration, the increased expression of IL-4 and IL-13, and the decreased expression of CCL-2, IL-33 and IFN-γ. The percents of inflammatory DCs (such as TNF-α+DCs, iNOS+DCs, CXCR5+DCs and E-cadherin+DCs) were markedly decreased, and the GM composition was regulated. Importantly, it is positive correlated between the efficacy of OMT on colitis, GM and inflammatory DCs. Meanwhile, Western blotting assay showed that OMT suppressed the activation of TLR4, Myd88, IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAK1, TAB, MKK3, MKK6, P38, NF-κB in the TLR / NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, OMT exhibits the protective effect against the DSS-induced experimental colitis, which was achieved by regulating the crosstalk of inflammatory DCs and GM, and inhibiting the TLR / NF-κB signaling pathway.
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2
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Alyamani M, Kadivar M, Erjefält J, Johansson-Lindbom B, Duan RD, Nilsson Å, Marsal J. Alkaline sphingomyelinase (NPP7) impacts the homeostasis of intestinal T lymphocyte populations. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1050625. [PMID: 36741374 PMCID: PMC9894718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Alkaline sphingomyelinase (NPP7) is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and is crucial for the digestion of dietary sphingomyelin. NPP7 also inactivates proinflammatory mediators including platelet-activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine. The aim of this study was to examine a potential role for NPP7 in the homeostasis of the intestinal immune system. Methods We quantified the numbers of B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, T-lymphocytes including regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs), natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, in the small and large intestines, the mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleens of heterozygous and homozygous NPP7 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice. Tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and stainings quantified using computerized image analysis. Results The numbers of both small and large intestinal CD3ε+, CD4+, and CD8α+ T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in NPP7 KO compared to WT mice (with a dose-response relationship in the large intestine), whereas Treg numbers were unchanged, and dendritic cell numbers reduced. In contrast, the numbers of CD3ε+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly reduced in NPP7 KO mice, while no differences were observed in spleens. The numbers of B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were similar between genotypes. Conclusion NPP7 contributes to the regulation of dendritic cell and T-lymphocyte numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes and both the small and large intestines, thus playing a role in the homeostasis of gut immunity. Although it is likely that the downstream effects of NPP7 activity involve the sphingomyelin metabolites ceramide and spingosine-1-phosphate, the exact mechanisms behind this regulatory function of NPP7 need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Alyamani
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Kadivar
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson-Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui-Dong Duan
- Section of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Nilsson
- Section of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Marsal
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Section of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Gastroenterology, Skane University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden,*Correspondence: Jan Marsal,
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3
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Li N, Shi T, Zhang M, He Y, Feng J, Mei Z, Su X, Jie Z. PLZF promotes the development of asthma tolerance via affecting memory phenotypes of immune cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109559. [PMID: 36525795 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying the pathogenesis of asthma and/or identifying the specific pathway underlying oral asthma tolerance (OT) would be of great significance. In our previous study, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), which reportedly regulates memory phenotypes, was found to promote ovalbumin (OVA)-induced OT. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of PLZF on memory phenotypes in asthma and OT mouse models. We found that Zbtb16 (encoding PLZF) and PLZF+ cells were highly increased in OT lungs compared with asthmatic lungs. PLZF was co-expressed with GATA3, and IL-4+PLZF+ cells were significantly lower in OT lungs than in asthmatic lungs. Notably, memory cells were decreased in OT mice, and these mice had PLZF+ cells that expressed lower levels of CD44 than those of asthmatic mice. When Zbtb16 was overexpressed in splenic lymphocytes, the number of CD44+ cells decreased. There were increased memory cells in splenic lymphocytes after treatment with the supernatant of OVA-treated airway epithelial cells; however, this was reversed by Zbtb16 overexpression. Early respiratory syncytial virus infection increased memory cells and reduced PLZF+ cells in the OT mice. Collectively, these results indicate that PLZF may reduce the proportion of memory cells, thereby, promoting the establishment of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine, Respiratory, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, The Affiliated Dushu Lake Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchao He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoufang Mei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Mousavi T, Hassani S, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Vakhshiteh F, Gholami M, Ghafour-Broujerdi E, Abdollahi M. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of fingolimod and tofacitinib in the zebrafish model of colitis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Makled MN, Serrya MS, El-Sheakh AR. Fingolimod ameliorates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis: An insight into its modulatory impact on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and AKT/mTOR signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 130:569-580. [PMID: 35274449 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the approved immunomodulatory activities of fingolimod, the current study aimed at studying the curative potential of fingolimod against experimentally induced ulcerative colitis (UC) via modulating pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines release and AKT/mTOR signalling. METHODS UC was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid. Fingo (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for 8 consecutive days that started 48 h after UC induction. RESULTS Fingolimod increased body weight growth rate and colon body/weight and colon weight/length indices compared to the UC group. Fingolimod significantly decreased clinical evaluation score and macroscopic score compared to the UC group. The curative potential of fingolimod was further confirmed by histopathological examination revealing marked attenuation of mucosal injury and inflammatory cells infiltration. Fingolimod significantly decreased colon malondialdehyde content and increased colon glutathione contents compared to the UC group. Fingolimod also significantly decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-9 and T-helper 17 along with increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β compared to the UC group. In addition, fingolimod decreased the expressions of AKT and mTOR compared to the UC group. CONCLUSION Fingolimod attenuated acetic acid-induced UC through its immunomodulatory effect by shifting the balance to favour anti-inflammatory cytokine production rather than pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating the AKT/mTOR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhan N Makled
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Serrya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mechanism of Sishen-Pill-Regulated Special Memory T and mTfh Cell via Involving JAK/STAT5 Pathway in Colitis Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6446674. [PMID: 35388299 PMCID: PMC8979676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6446674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
It is known that memory T cells (mT cell) and memory T follicular cells (mTfh) play vital roles in the IBD pathogenesis. Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription used to treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still unclear whether SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh to treat IBD. In this study, we measured mT cell and mTfh level to explore the conceivable mechanism of SSP-treated IBD. The mice colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and were treated by SSP for 7 days. The therapeutic effect of SSP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; the mT cell, mTfh, and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed by using a Western blot. In the present study, SSP significantly reversed weight loss and colonic injury (colon weight increase and colonic length shortening) caused by 3% DSS in physiological saline solution. Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressions on central memory T cells were enhanced after SSP treatment, while the CD4+ T cm, CD4+ mTfh (memory T follicular helper) cells and their subpopulations were also significantly increased. Moreover, SSP inhibited the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway proteins JAK1, PIAS3, STAT5, p-STAT5, BIM, BAX, caspase-3, and β-casein and promoted the expression of JAK3, PISA1, Bcl-2, and caveolin-1. In summary, SSP can regulate immune homeostasis induced by mT cell and mTfh in DSS-induced colitis, which is potentially correlated with JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation.
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7
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Wyatt NJ, Speight RA, Stewart CJ, Kirby JA, Lamb CA. Targeting Leukocyte Trafficking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BioDrugs 2021; 35:473-503. [PMID: 34613592 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) immunopathogenesis has expanded considerably. Histopathological examination of the intestinal mucosa in IBD demonstrates the presence of a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Research has focused on identifying mechanisms of immune cell trafficking to the gastrointestinal tract that may represent effective gut-selective targets for IBD therapy whilst avoiding systemic immunosuppression that may be associated with off-target adverse effects such as infection and malignancy. Integrins are cell surface receptors that can bind to cellular adhesion molecules to mediate both leukocyte homing and retention. In 2014, Vedolizumab (Entyvio®) was the first anti-integrin (anti-α4ß7 monoclonal antibody) treatment to be approved for use in IBD. Several other anti-integrin therapies are currently in advanced stages of development, including novel orally administered small-molecule drugs. Drugs targeting alternative trafficking mechanisms such as mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors are also being evaluated. Here, we summarise key established and emerging therapies targeting leukocyte trafficking that may play an important role in realising the goal of stratified precision medicine in IBD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Wyatt
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - R Alexander Speight
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John A Kirby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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8
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Jia LL, Zhang M, Liu H, Sun J, Pan LL. Early-life fingolimod treatment improves intestinal homeostasis and pancreatic immune tolerance in non-obese diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1620-1629. [PMID: 33473182 PMCID: PMC8463616 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod has beneficial effects on multiple diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous preclinical models of colitis. Intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal immune dysfunction contribute to disease pathogenesis of T1D. Thus, the beneficial effect of fingolimod on T1D may occur via the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis to some extent. Herein, we investigated the role of fingolimod in intestinal dysfunction in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and possible mechanisms. NOD mice were treated with fingolimod (1 mg · kg-1 per day, i.g.) from weaning (3-week-old) to 31 weeks of age. We found that fingolimod administration significantly enhanced the gut barrier (evidenced by enhanced expression of tight junction proteins and reduced intestinal permeability), attenuated intestinal microbial dysbiosis (evidenced by the reduction of enteric pathogenic Proteobacteria clusters), as well as intestinal immune dysfunction (evidenced by inhibition of CD4+ cells activation, reduction of T helper type 1 cells and macrophages, and the expansion of regulatory T cells). We further revealed that fingolimod administration suppressed the activation of CD4+ cells and the differentiation of T helper type 1 cells, promoted the expansion of regulatory T cells in the pancreas, which might contribute to the maintenance of pancreatic immune tolerance and the reduction of T1D incidence. The protection might be due to fingolimod inhibiting the toll-like receptor 2/4/nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome pathway in the colon. Collectively, early-life fingolimod treatment attenuates intestinal microbial dysbiosis and intestinal immune dysfunction in the T1D setting, which might contribute to its anti-diabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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9
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-675tomkjw'); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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10
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-62v2kivtk' or 159=(select 159 from pg_sleep(9))--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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11
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6w8jpumgz'); waitfor delay '0:0:18' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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12
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'q4ng'='q4ng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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13
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1); waitfor delay '0:0:18' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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14
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6inyod6yy'); waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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15
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6uo9qdmbo' or 900=(select 900 from pg_sleep(15))--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6xjcyx5xp'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6kliwx55t'; waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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18
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60"xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))xor"z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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19
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6jpd2wffe'); waitfor delay '0:0:9' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 PMCID: PMC8371859 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn’s disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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21
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60'xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))xor'z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6" and 2*3*8=6*8 and "1plv"="1plv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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23
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6xkcvwszk'); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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25
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60"xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(9),0))xor"z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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27
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6'||'] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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28
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6f9cyjbik')); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6algupclm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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31
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6y8xz2ym5')); waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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32
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6fqqx42pj'; waitfor delay '0:0:9' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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33
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-64yudfa9k'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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34
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6uldec7js')); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6%' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'qtjh'!='qtjh%] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Zhong YB, Kang ZP, Zhou BG, Wang HY, Long J, Zhou W, Zhao HM, Liu DY. Curcumin Regulated the Homeostasis of Memory T Cell and Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:630244. [PMID: 33597887 PMCID: PMC7882737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.630244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune memory is protective against reinvasion by pathogens in the homeostatic state, while immune memory disorders can cause autoimmune disease, including inflammatory bowel disease. Curcumin is a natural compound shown to be effective against human inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, experimental colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in this study. Significant changes in the percentages of naïve, central memory T (TCM), and effector memory (TEM) cells and their CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were found in the peripheral blood of mice with colitis using flow cytometry. After 7 days of continuous curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) administration, the DSS-induced experimental colitis was effectively relieved, with significant decreases in the ratio of day weight to initial body weight, colonic weight, pathological injury score, levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21, colonic mucosal ulceration, and amount of inflammatory infiltrate. Importantly, curcumin significantly restored the percentages of naïve, TCM, and TEM cells and their CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations. In addition, curcumin significantly inhibited the activation of the JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway, downregulation of JAK1, STAT5, and p-STAT5 proteins in colon tissue, and upregulation of PIAS1 proteins. These results suggested that curcumin effectively regulated the differentiation of naïve, TCM, and TEM cells in the peripheral blood to alleviate DSS-induced experimental colitis, which might be related to the inhibition of JAK1/STAT5 signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Bu-Gao Zhou
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Thuy AV, Jeya Paul J, Weigel C, Ziegler AC, Guntinas-Lichius O, Gräler MH. Validation of a monoclonal antibody directed against the human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1. J Immunol Methods 2020; 490:112953. [PMID: 33359172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1PR1) has several important functions, including stabilizing endothelial barrier and maintaining lymphocyte circulation. These functions are critically dependent on the regulation of S1PR1 cell surface expression. Currently available antibodies against human S1PR1 are not able to pick up cell surface expression on living cells by flow cytometry due to intracellular epitopes or unspecific binding. Here we describe the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the N-terminal region of human S1PR1. It has an immunoglobulin M (IgM) kappa isotype and detects cell surface expression of recombinant human S1PR1 on overexpressing cells. Due to unspecific intracellular cell staining, it cannot be used for staining of dead cells and tissue slides or in microscopic analyses. It is also not suitable for Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. However, the antibody can stain for endogenous S1PR1 on human endothelial cell lines and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Incubation of these cells with various S1PR1 agonists revealed potent S1PR1 internalization, which was not the case with the specific antagonist W146. Surprisingly, human T and B cells isolated from blood and palatine tonsils did not show specific staining, demonstrating significantly lower endogenous S1PR1 surface expression on lymphocytes than on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Thuy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Jefri Jeya Paul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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38
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Ge W, Wang HY, Zhao HM, Liu XK, Zhong YB, Long J, Zuo ZY, Liu DY. Effect of Sishen Pill on Memory T Cells From Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:908. [PMID: 32714185 PMCID: PMC7343851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune memory has a protective effect on the human body, but abnormal immune memory is closely related to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, which is often used to treat chronic colitis, but it is not clear whether SSP can alleviate experimental colitis by remodeling immune memory. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of SSP on chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was evaluated by colonic length, colonic weight index, macroscopic and microscopic scores, and pathological observation. The cytokine levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the percentages of central memory T (Tcm) and effector memory T (Tem) cells were analyze\d by flow cytometry; and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling proteins was measured by western blotting. After 7-days' treatment, SSP alleviated DSS-induced colitis, which was demonstrated by decreased colonic weight index, colonic weight, histopathological injury scores, restored colonic length, gradual recovery of colonic mucosa, and lower levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-15, while SSP increased IL-10 expression. SSP obviously regulated the quantity and subpopulation of Tcm and Tem cells. Furthermore, SSP markedly inhibited activation of PI3K, Akt, phospho-Akt, Id2, T-bet, forkhead box O3a, Noxa, and C-myc proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activated Rictor, Raptor, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1, TSC2, phospho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-α, AMPK-α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2, kinesin family member 2a, and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. These results indicate that SSP effectively controls Tem cells in the peripheral blood to relieve experimental colitis induced by DSS, which were potentially related with inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zuo
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Pharmacology Office, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Han Q, Tang HZ, Zou M, Zhao J, Wang L, Bian ZX, Li YH. Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1939-1949. [PMID: 32432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The natural alkaloid berberine is being studied as a drug candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Fingolimod is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Whether fingolimod use can be extended to UC and how it interacts with berberine remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory efficacies of berberine, fingolimod, and a combination of half-doses of them was examined in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. In mice with subchronic colitis, 14-day oral administration of fingolimod had greater efficacy than berberine in ameliorating the disease clinical severity and colon shortening. However, in mice with chronic colitis, 30-day oral administration of berberine was more effective than fingolimod except on splenic swelling. Notably, the combination of half-doses of each drug was equally effective as the superior single drugs for two models and resulted in reduced splenic swelling in the chronic colitis model. The inhibition of cytokine expression and STAT3 activation, as well as binding to the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor by both drugs, contributed to the combination efficacy. Our findings suggest that fingolimod in combination with berberine at reduced doses represents a novel therapy for UC that attains satisfactory efficacy with reduced potentials for adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hua-Zheng Tang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Min Zou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Dominguez-Villar M, Raddassi K, Danielsen AC, Guarnaccia J, Hafler DA. Fingolimod modulates T cell phenotype and regulatory T cell plasticity in vivo. J Autoimmun 2018; 96:40-49. [PMID: 30122421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is an approved therapeutic option for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that primarily functions by sequestering T cells in lymph nodes inhibiting their egress to the central nervous system. However, recent data suggests that Fingolimod may also directly affect the immune cell function. Here we examined the in vivo effects of Fingolimod in modulating the phenotype and function of T cell and Foxp3 regulatory T cell populations in patients with multiple sclerosis under Fingolimod treatment. Besides decreasing the cell numbers in peripheral blood and sera levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Fingolimod inhibited the expression of Th1 and Th17 cytokines on CD4+ T cells and increased the expression of exhaustion markers. Furthermore, treatment increased the frequency of regulatory T cells in blood and inhibited the Th1-like phenotype that is characteristic of patients with multiple sclerosis, augmenting the expression of markers associated with increased suppressive function. Overall, our data suggest that Fingolimod performs other important immunomodulatory functions besides altering T cell migratory capacities, with consequences for other autoimmune pathologies characterized by excessive Th1/Th17 responses and Th1-like regulatory T cell effector phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joseph Guarnaccia
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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41
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Suh JH, Degagné É, Gleghorn EE, Setty M, Rodriguez A, Park KT, Verstraete SG, Heyman MB, Patel AS, Irek M, Gildengorin GL, Hubbard NE, Borowsky AD, Saba JD. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling and Metabolism Gene Signature in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Matched-case Control Pilot Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1321-1334. [PMID: 29788359 PMCID: PMC5986285 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GOAL The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression levels of proteins involved in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism and signaling in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient population. BACKGROUND IBD is a debilitating disease affecting 0.4% of the US population. The incidence of IBD in childhood is rising. Identifying effective targeted therapies that can be used safely in young patients and developing tools for selecting specific candidates for targeted therapies are important goals. Clinical IBD trials now underway target S1PR1, a receptor for the pro-inflammatory sphingolipid S1P. However, circulating and tissue sphingolipid levels and S1P-related gene expression have not been characterized in pediatric IBD. METHODS Pediatric IBD patients and controls were recruited in a four-site study. Patients received a clinical score using PUCAI or PCDAI evaluation. Colon biopsies were collected during endoscopy. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Plasma and gut tissue sphingolipids were measured by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Genes of S1P synthesis (SPHK1, SPHK2), degradation (SGPL1), and signaling (S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR4) were significantly upregulated in colon biopsies of IBD patients with moderate/severe symptoms compared with controls or patients in remission. Tissue ceramide, dihydroceramide, and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) levels were significantly elevated in IBD patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS A signature of elevated S1P-related gene expression in colon tissues of pediatric IBD patients correlates with active disease and normalizes in remission. Biopsied gut tissue from symptomatic IBD patients contains high levels of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory sphingolipids. A combined analysis of gut tissue sphingolipid profiles with this S1P-related gene signature may be useful for monitoring response to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, Califorina, USA
| | - Émilie Degagné
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, Califorina, USA
| | | | - Mala Setty
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, Califorina, USA
| | - Alexis Rodriguez
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Division of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto, Califorina, USA
| | - K T Park
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Division of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto, Califorina, USA
| | - Sofia G Verstraete
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashish S Patel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Irek
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Neil E Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, Califorina, USA,Address correspondence to: Julie D. Saba MD, PhD, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. E-mail:
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Currò D, Pugliese D, Armuzzi A. Frontiers in Drug Research and Development for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28690543 PMCID: PMC5481609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is idiopathic, lifelong, immune-mediated diseases, for which curative therapies are not yet available. In the last 15 years, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine playing a key role in bowel inflammation, has revolutionized treatment paradigms for IBD. Despite their proven long-term efficacy, however, many patients do not respond or progressively lose response to these drugs. Major advances of knowledge in immunology and pathophysiology of intestinal inflammatory processes have made possible the identification of new molecular targets for drugs, thus opening several new potential therapeutic opportunities for IBD. The abnormal response of intestinal immunity to unknown antigens leads to the activation of T helper lymphocytes and triggers the inflammatory cascade. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists negatively modulate the egress of lymphocytes, inducted by antigen-presenting cells, from secondary lymphoid tissues to intestinal wall. Leukocyte adhesion inhibitors (both anti-integrin and anti-Mucosal Vascular Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) interfere with the tissue homing processes. Activated T helper lymphocytes increase the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 12, 23, and 6, offering several potential pharmacological interventions. The Janus kinases, intracellular enzymes mediating the transduction of several cytokine signals, are other explored targets for treating immune-mediated diseases. Finally, the impact of modulating Smad7 pathway, which is responsible for the down-regulation of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor-β signaling, is currently under investigation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most promising molecules in late-stage clinical development, with a special emphasis on pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Currò
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartRome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Presidio Columbus, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartRome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Presidio Columbus, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartRome, Italy
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Khiew SH, Yang J, Young JS, Chen J, Wang Q, Yin D, Vu V, Miller ML, Sciammas R, Alegre ML, Chong AS. CTLA4-Ig in combination with FTY720 promotes allograft survival in sensitized recipients. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92033. [PMID: 28469082 PMCID: PMC5414557 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent evidence of improved graft outcomes and safety, the high incidence of early acute cellular rejection with belatacept, a high-affinity CTLA4-Ig, has limited its use in clinical transplantation. Here we define how the incomplete control of endogenous donor-reactive memory T cells results in belatacept-resistant rejection in an experimental model of BALB/c.2W-OVA donor heart transplantation into C57BL/6 recipients presensitized to donor splenocytes. These sensitized mice harbored modestly elevated numbers of endogenous donor-specific memory T cells and alloantibodies compared with naive recipients. Continuous CTLA4-Ig treatment was unexpectedly efficacious at inhibiting endogenous graft-reactive T cell expansion but was unable to inhibit late CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the allografts, and rejection was observed in 50% of recipients by day 35 after transplantation. When CTLA4-Ig was combined with the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) functional antagonist FTY720, alloantibody production was inhibited and donor-specific IFN-γ-producing T cells were reduced to levels approaching nonsensitized tolerant recipients. Late T cell recruitment into the graft was also restrained, and graft survival improved with this combination therapy. These observations suggest that a rational strategy consisting of inhibiting memory T cell expansion and trafficking into the allograft with CTLA4-Ig and FTY720 can promote allograft survival in allosensitized recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Jianjun Chen
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Qiang Wang
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Dengping Yin
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Vinh Vu
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Michelle L. Miller
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Karuppuchamy T, Behrens EH, González-Cabrera P, Sarkisyan G, Gima L, Boyer JD, Bamias G, Jedlicka P, Veny M, Clark D, Peach R, Scott F, Rosen H, Rivera-Nieves J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P 1) is expressed by lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelium and modulated during inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:162-171. [PMID: 27049060 PMCID: PMC5053832 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) agonist ozanimod ameliorates ulcerative colitis, yet its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we examine the cell subsets that express S1P1 in intestine using S1P1-eGFP mice, the regulation of S1P1 expression in lymphocytes after administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), after colitis induced by transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi cells, and by crossing a mouse with TNF-driven ileitis with S1P1-eGFP mice. We then assayed the expression of enzymes that regulate intestinal S1P levels, and the effect of FTY720 on lymphocyte behavior and S1P1 expression. We found that not only T and B cells express S1P1, but also dendritic (DC) and endothelial cells. Furthermore, chronic but not acute inflammatory signals increased S1P1 expression, while the enzymes that control tissue S1P levels in mice and humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were uniformly dysregulated, favoring synthesis over degradation. Finally, we observed that FTY720 reduced T-cell velocity and induced S1P1 degradation and retention of Naïve but not effector T cells. Our data demonstrate that chronic inflammation modulates S1P1 expression and tissue S1P levels and suggests that the anti-inflammatory properties of S1PR agonists might not be solely due to their lymphopenic effects, but also due to potential effects on DC migration and vascular barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Karuppuchamy
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - En-hui Behrens
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Pedro González-Cabrera
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gor Sarkisyan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lauren Gima
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Joshua D. Boyer
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Aurora, CO
| | - Marisol Veny
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - David Clark
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert Peach
- Receptos Inc. 3033 Science Park Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Fiona Scott
- Receptos Inc. 3033 Science Park Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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Espaillat MP, Kew RR, Obeid LM. Sphingolipids in neutrophil function and inflammatory responses: Mechanisms and implications for intestinal immunity and inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:140-155. [PMID: 27866974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids are regulators of immune cell function and play critical roles in inflammatory conditions including ulcerative colitis. As one of the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis pathophysiology is characterized by an aberrant intestinal inflammatory response that persists causing chronic inflammation and tissue injury. Innate immune cells play an integral role in normal intestinal homeostasis but their dysregulation is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. In particular, neutrophils are key effector cells and are first line defenders against invading pathogens. While the activity of neutrophils in the intestinal mucosa is required for homeostasis, regulatory mechanisms are equally important to prevent unnecessary activation. In ulcerative colitis, unregulated neutrophil inflammatory mechanisms promote tissue injury and loss of homeostasis. Aberrant neutrophil function represents an early checkpoint in the detrimental cycle of chronic intestinal inflammation; thus, dissecting the mechanisms by which these cells are regulated both before and during disease is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. We present an analysis of the role of sphingolipids in the regulation of neutrophil function and the implication of this relationship in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Pilar Espaillat
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Richard R Kew
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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Scott FL, Clemons B, Brooks J, Brahmachary E, Powell R, Dedman H, Desale HG, Timony GA, Martinborough E, Rosen H, Roberts E, Boehm MF, Peach RJ. Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1 ) and receptor-5 (S1P5 ) agonist with autoimmune disease-modifying activity. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1778-92. [PMID: 26990079 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sphingosine1-phosphate (S1P) receptors mediate multiple events including lymphocyte trafficking, cardiac function, and endothelial barrier integrity. Stimulation of S1P1 receptors sequesters lymphocyte subsets in peripheral lymphoid organs, preventing their trafficking to inflamed tissue sites, modulating immunity. Targeting S1P receptors for treating autoimmune disease has been established in clinical studies with the non-selective S1P modulator, FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya™). The purpose of this study was to assess RPC1063 for its therapeutic utility in autoimmune diseases. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The specificity and potency of RPC1063 (ozanimod) was evaluated for all five S1P receptors, and its effect on cell surface S1P1 receptor expression, was characterized in vitro. The oral pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and pharmacodynamic effects were established in rodents, and its activity in three models of autoimmune disease (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis and CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cell adoptive transfer colitis) was assessed. KEY RESULTS RPC1063 was specific for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors, induced S1P1 receptor internalization and induced a reversible reduction in circulating B and CCR7(+) T lymphocytes in vivo. RPC1063 showed high oral bioavailability and volume of distribution, and a circulatory half-life that supports once daily dosing. Oral RPC1063 reduced inflammation and disease parameters in all three autoimmune disease models. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS S1P receptor selectivity, favourable PK properties and efficacy in three distinct disease models supports the clinical development of RPC1063 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, differentiates RPC1063 from other S1P receptor agonists, and could result in improved safety outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Brooks
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - R Powell
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - H Dedman
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Members of the novel UBASH3/STS/TULA family of cellular regulators suppress T-cell-driven inflammatory responses in vivo. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:837-50. [PMID: 25047644 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The UBASH3/STS/TULA family consists of two members sharing substantial homology and a similar multi-domain architecture, which includes a C-terminal histidine phosphatase domain capable of dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine-containing substrates. TULA-family proteins act as downregulators of receptor-induced activation in several cell types, including T cells and platelets. Deletion of both family members in mice has been shown to result in hyperresponsiveness of T cells to T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex engagement, but little is known about the biological consequences of double knockout (dKO) and especially of either single KO (sKO). We elucidated the biological consequences of the lack of TULA-family proteins in dKO and TULA and TULA-2 sKO animals. In order to do so, we examined immune responses in Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, a mouse model of human inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by the involvement of multiple cell types, of which T cells have a crucial role, in the development of a pathological inflammatory condition. Our data indicate that TNBS treatment upregulates T-cell responses in all KO mice studied to a significantly higher degree than in wild-type mice. Although the lack of either TULA-family member exacerbates inflammation and T-cell responses in a specific fashion, the lack of both TULA and TULA-2 in dKO exerts a higher effect than the lack of a single family member in TULA and TULA-2 sKO. Analysis of T-cell responses and TCR-mediated signaling argues that the proteins investigated affect T-cell signaling by regulating phosphorylation of Zap-70, a key protein tyrosine kinase.
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Liu Y, Tran DQ, Fatheree NY, Marc Rhoads J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 differentially modulates effector memory T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G177-86. [PMID: 24852566 PMCID: PMC4101683 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00038.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease with evidence of increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR17938) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in an experimental model of NEC. Activated effector lymphocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation requires the sequential engagement of adhesion molecules such as CD44. The phenotype of CD44(+)CD45RB(lo) separates T effector/memory (Tem) cells from naive (CD44(-)CD45RB(hi)) cells. It is unknown whether these Tem cells participate in the inflammation associated with NEC and can be altered by LR17938. NEC was induced in 8- to 10-day-old C57BL/6J mice by gavage feeding with formula and exposure to hypoxia and cold stress for 4 days. Survival curves and histological scores were analyzed. Lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum were labeled for CD4, CD44, CD45RB, intracellular Foxp3, and Helios and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. LR17938 decreased mortality and the incidence and severity of NEC. The percentage of Tem cells in the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes was increased in NEC but decreased by LR17938. Conversely, the percentage of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in the intestine decreased during NEC and was restored to normal by LR17938. The majority of the Treg cells preserved by LR17938 were Helios+ subsets, possibly of thymic origin. In conclusion, LR17938 may represent a useful treatment to prevent NEC. The mechanism of protection by LR17938 involves modulation of the balance between Tem and Treg cells. These T cell subsets might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas; ,3Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q. Tran
- 2Division of Allergy/Immunology/Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas; and ,3Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole Y. Fatheree
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas;
| | - J. Marc Rhoads
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas; ,3Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Lamichhane A, Kiyono H, Kunisawa J. Nutritional components regulate the gut immune system and its association with intestinal immune disease development. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 4:18-24. [PMID: 24251698 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut is equipped with a unique immune system for maintaining immunological homeostasis, and its functional immune disruption can result in the development of immune diseases such as food allergy and intestinal inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that nutritional components play an important role in the regulation of gut immune responses and also in the development of intestinal immune diseases. In this review, we focus on the immunological functions of lipids, vitamins, and nucleotides in the regulation of the intestinal immune system and as potential targets for the control of intestinal immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayam Lamichhane
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
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Bot M, Van Veldhoven PP, de Jager SCA, Johnson J, Nijstad N, Van Santbrink PJ, Westra MM, Van Der Hoeven G, Gijbels MJ, Müller-Tidow C, Varga G, Tietge UJF, Kuiper J, Van Berkel TJC, Nofer JR, Bot I, Biessen EAL. Hematopoietic sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase deficiency decreases atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL-receptor deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63360. [PMID: 23700419 PMCID: PMC3659045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) homeostasis and signaling is implicated in various inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. As S1P levels are tightly controlled by S1P lyase, we investigated the impact of hematopoietic S1P lyase (Sgpl1(-/-)) deficiency on leukocyte subsets relevant to atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS LDL receptor deficient mice that were transplanted with Sgpl1(-/-) bone marrow showed disrupted S1P gradients translating into lymphopenia and abrogated lymphocyte mitogenic and cytokine response as compared to controls. Remarkably however, Sgpl1(-/-) chimeras displayed mild monocytosis, due to impeded stromal retention and myelopoiesis, and plasma cytokine and macrophage expression patterns, that were largely compatible with classical macrophage activation. Collectively these two phenotypic features of Sgpl1 deficiency culminated in diminished atherogenic response. CONCLUSIONS Here we not only firmly establish the critical role of hematopoietic S1P lyase in controlling S1P levels and T cell trafficking in blood and lymphoid tissue, but also identify leukocyte Sgpl1 as critical factor in monocyte macrophage differentiation and function. Its, partly counterbalancing, pro- and anti-inflammatory activity spectrum imply that intervention in S1P lyase function in inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, England
| | - Niels Nijstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Van Santbrink
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Westra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion J. Gijbels
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. C. Van Berkel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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