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Jin S, Chen P, Yang J, Li D, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Li Y, Chen G, Li Y, Tong Y, Yu W, Fan X, Lin H. Phocaeicola vulgatus alleviates diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression by downregulating histone acetylation level via 3-HPAA. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2309683. [PMID: 38312099 PMCID: PMC10854360 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2309683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with limited effective interventions available. A novel approach to address this issue is through gut microbiota-based therapy. In our study, we utilized multi-omics analysis to identify Phocaeicola vulgatus (P. vulgatus) as a potential probiotic for the treatment of MASLD. Our findings from murine models clearly illustrate that the supplementation of P. vulgatus mitigates the development of MASLD. This beneficial effect is partly attributed to the metabolite 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA) produced by P. vulgatus, which reduces the acetylation levels of H3K27 and downregulates the transcription of Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE), a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis that promotes lipid accumulation in liver cells. This study underscores the significant role of P. vulgatus in the development of MASLD and the critical importance of its metabolite 3-HPAA in regulating lipid homeostasis. These findings offer a promising avenue for early intervention therapy in the context of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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3
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Araujo LCC, Cruz AG, Camargo FN, Sucupira FG, Moreira GV, Matos SL, Amaral AG, Murata GM, Carvalho CRO, Camporez JP. Estradiol Protects Female ApoE KO Mice against Western-Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9845. [PMID: 37372993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is higher in men than in women of reproductive age, and postmenopausal women are especially susceptible to developing the disease. AIM we evaluated if female apolipoprotein E (ApoE) KO mice were protected against Western-diet (WD)-induced NASH. METHODS Female ovariectomized (OVX) ApoE KO mice or sham-operated (SHAM) mice were fed either a WD or a regular chow (RC) for 7 weeks. Additionally, OVX mice fed a WD were treated with either estradiol (OVX + E2) or vehicle (OVX). RESULTS Whole-body fat, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin were increased and associated with increased glucose intolerance in OVX mice fed a WD (OVX + WD). Plasma and hepatic triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) hepatic enzymes were also increased in the plasma of OVX + WD group, which was associated with hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. Estradiol replacement in OVX mice reduced body weight, body fat, glycemia, and plasma insulin associated with reduced glucose intolerance. Treatment also reduced hepatic triglycerides, ALT, AST, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation in OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that estradiol protects OVX ApoE KO mice from NASH and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne C C Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra G Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe N Camargo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe G Sucupira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sandro L Matos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andressa G Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carla R O Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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4
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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5
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Uchikawa T, Matoba T, Kawahara T, Baba I, Katsuki S, Koga JI, Hashimoto Y, Yamasaki R, Ichi I, Akita H, Tsutsui H. Dietary 7-ketocholesterol exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14902. [PMID: 36050346 PMCID: PMC9436973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), one of the most abundant dietary oxysterols, causes inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Here we show the deteriorating effects of dietary 7-KC on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and detailed the molecular mechanisms. A high-fat high-cholesterol diet containing 7-KC (7KWD) for 3 weeks increased the plasma 7-KC level compared with high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice. In wild-type mice but not in CCR2-/- mice, dietary 7-KC increased the myocardial infarct size after IR. Flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes to total monocytes was increased in the 7KWD group. Unbiased RNA sequencing using murine primary macrophages revealed that 7-KC regulated the expression of transcripts related to inflammation and cholesterol biosynthesis. We further validated that in vitro, 7-KC induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, which are associated with increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase or endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α suppressed the levels of 7-KC-induced inflammation. Dietary 7-KC exacerbates myocardial IR injury through monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress are involved in the 7-KC-induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Uchikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takuro Kawahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isashi Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Liu H, Wu S, Lee H, Baudo G, Massaro M, Zhang A, Hamilton DJ, Blanco E. Polymer‐Functionalized Mitochondrial Transplantation to Plaque Macrophages as a Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Suhong Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Gherardo Baudo
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Matteo Massaro
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Division Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA
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7
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Shoji S, Maekawa M, Ogura J, Sato T, Mano N. Identification cholesterol metabolites altered before the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeted metabolomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159135. [PMID: 35217199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease with symptoms similar to those of alcoholic liver inflammation without alcohol intake. As an effective treatment strategy has not been established for this disease, a detailed understanding of the pathological progression mechanism is required. We focused on cholesterol metabolites, which are suspected to regulate NASH pathology, and investigated their relationship with the pathological progression in the early stages of NASH. First, the LC/MS/MS methods for bile acids and sterols were optimized and validated. Next, NASH model mice were established by feeding a choline-deficient, methionine-reduced high-fat diet, and the levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolites were measured. As a result, before the onset of NASH, desmosterol, 4β-hydroxycholesterol, campesterol, sitosterol, secondary bile acids such as taurodeoxycholic acid significantly decreased by up to 1/38 of NASH model group. Autoxidation-generated sterols significantly increased 2- to 5-fold, and various primary bile acids such as conjugated β-muricholic acids and cholic acids significantly increased 2- to 7-fold. In this study, the levels of cholesterol metabolites changed in the before the onset of NASH. These metabolic alterations involved in inflammation induction and detoxification for NASH may help the discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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8
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Clària J, Flores-Costa R, Duran-Güell M, López-Vicario C. Proresolving lipid mediators and liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159023. [PMID: 34352389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic feature of virtually all acute and chronic liver diseases. It intersects different liver pathologies from the early stages of liver injury, when the inflammatory burden is mild-to-moderate, to very advanced stages of liver disease, when the inflammatory response is very intense and drives multiple organ dysfunction and failure(s). The current review describes the most relevant features of the inflammatory process in two different clinical entities across the liver disease spectrum, namely non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Special emphasis is given within these two disease conditions to gather the most relevant data on the specialized pro-resolving mediators that orchestrate the resolution of inflammation, a tightly controlled process which dysregulation commonly associates with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Clària
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Sufleţel RT, Melincovici CS, Gheban BA, Toader Z, Mihu CM. Hepatic stellate cells - from past till present: morphology, human markers, human cell lines, behavior in normal and liver pathology. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:615-642. [PMID: 33817704 PMCID: PMC8112759 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC), initially analyzed by von Kupffer, in 1876, revealed to be an extraordinary mesenchymal cell, essential for both hepatocellular function and lesions, being the hallmark of hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Apart from their implications in hepatic injury, HSCs play a vital role in liver development and regeneration, xenobiotic response, intermediate metabolism, and regulation of immune response. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding HSCs morphology, human HSCs markers and human HSC cell lines. We also summarize the latest findings concerning their roles in normal and liver pathology, focusing on their impact in fibrogenesis, chronic viral hepatitis and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Teodora Sufleţel
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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10
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Coupling Machine Learning and Lipidomics as a Tool to Investigate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. A General Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030473. [PMID: 33810079 PMCID: PMC8004861 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic biopsy is the gold standard for staging nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, accessing the liver is invasive, requires a multidisciplinary team and is too expensive to be conducted on large segments of the population. NAFLD starts quietly and can progress until liver damage is irreversible. Given this complex situation, the search for noninvasive alternatives is clinically important. A hallmark of NAFLD progression is the dysregulation in lipid metabolism. In this context, recent advances in the area of machine learning have increased the interest in evaluating whether multi-omics data analysis performed on peripheral blood can enhance human interpretation. In the present review, we show how the use of machine learning can identify sets of lipids as predictive biomarkers of NAFLD progression. This approach could potentially help clinicians to improve the diagnosis accuracy and predict the future risk of the disease. While NAFLD has no effective treatment yet, the key to slowing the progression of the disease may lie in predictive robust biomarkers. Hence, to detect this disease as soon as possible, the use of computational science can help us to make a more accurate and reliable diagnosis. We aimed to provide a general overview for all readers interested in implementing these methods.
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11
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Mori Y, Kawakami Y, Kanzaki K, Otsuki A, Kimura Y, Kanji H, Tanaka R, Tsukayama I, Hojo N, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Kawakami T, Takahashi Y. Arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase of platelet-type in hepatic stellate cells of methionine and choline-deficient diet-fed mice. J Biochem 2021; 168:455-463. [PMID: 32492133 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A role of 12-lipoxygenase in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is suggested, although the underlying mechanism is not entirely understood. The catalytic activity of 12S-lipoxygenase that was hardly observed in liver cytosol of normal chow-fed mice was clearly detectable in that of NASH model mice prepared by feeding a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. The product profile, substrate specificity and immunogenicity indicated that the enzyme was the platelet-type isoform. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase in the liver of MCD diet-fed mice were significantly increased compared with those of normal chow-fed mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase colocalized with α-smooth muscle actin as well as vitamin A in the cells distributing along liver sinusoids. These results indicate that the expression level of platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase in hepatic stellate cells was increased during the cell activation in MCD diet-fed mice, suggesting a possible role of the enzyme in pathophysiology of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Mori
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Keita Kanzaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Akemi Otsuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Hibiki Kanji
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Izumi Tsukayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Nana Hojo
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Takayo Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
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Administration of Protein Hydrolysates from Anchovy ( Engraulis Encrasicolus) Waste for Twelve Weeks Decreases Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Severity in ApoE -/-Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122303. [PMID: 33291840 PMCID: PMC7762029 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing concern worldwide. It currently represents the main cause of chronic liver disease in humans in Western countries. Nutritional strategies based on fish-rich diets are considered helpful in the prevention of MAFLD, and are also thought to be beneficial for human health. In particular, cholesterol- and triacylglycerol-lowering effects are associated with fish-derived proteins or hydrolysates. Our findings suggest that supplementing the diet with 10% (w/w) anchovy protein hydrolysates has an anti-obesity effect together with an improvement in lipid metabolism and a reduction in liver fat content and high-fat diet-induced liver disease. By virtue of their nutritional value and functional proprieties, anchovy by-product protein hydrolysates may be an efficient nutritional strategy in MAFLD prevention and treatment. Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fish-rich diets are considered helpful in the prevention of MAFLD, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of fish waste has been explored as a means of obtaining high-value protein hydrolysates, which have been proven to exert beneficial bioactivities including anti-obesity and hypocholesterol effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of the administration of protein hydrolysates from anchovy waste (APH) for 12 weeks on attenuated high-fat diet-induced MAFLD in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice (ApoE–/–). Thirty ApoE–/– mice were divided into two groups (n = 15/group) and fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with and without the addition of 10% (w/w) APH. After 12 weeks, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, hepatic enzyme activities, liver histology and immunohistochemistry were analyzed to assess hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Twelve-weeks on a 10% (w/w) APH diet reduces total cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels, hepatic enzyme activity and hepatic triacylglycerol content (p < 0.0001), and results in a reduction in hepatic fat accumulation and macrophage recruitment (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that a 10% APH diet has an anti-obesity effect, with an improvement in lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and liver injury as a result of a high-fat diet. Protein hydrolysates from fish waste may represent an efficient nutritional strategy in several diseases, and their use as nutraceuticals is worthy of future investigation.
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Guan F, Zhang C, Jiang C, Jacques ML, Bai Y, Lu S, Liu W, Lei J. ApoE deficiency promotes hepatic pathology by aggravating Th17/Treg imbalance in murine schistosomiasis japonica. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12785. [PMID: 32786078 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The Schistosoma japonicum (S japonicum)-infected ApoE gene deficiency (ApoE-/- ) mice were used to determine effect of ApoE on hepatic immunopathology. METHODS Murine activities and appetite, body weight, and ratio of liver weight to its body weight (Hepatic mass index, HMI) were observed. Worm load and liver egg burden were evaluated as the infection intensity. Number and size of liver egg granulomas and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated. We analysed hepatic fibrosis by markers of fibrosis in tissue, detected hepatic Th17 and Treg frequency by flow cytometry, and measured hepatic expressions of RORγt, Foxp3, IL-17A and TGF-β1 via qPCR. Lipid metabolism was determined by serum levels of cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) as well as hepatic Oil red O staining. RESULTS In the infected ApoE-/- mice, the increased infection intensity aggravated the hepatic immunopathology (evidenced by increased HMI, elevated egg granulomas and increased ALT levels) and fibrosis (increased hepatic collagen deposition). ApoE deficiency resulted in significantly elevated ratio of hepatic Th17/Treg and higher serum levels of TC and TG, along with higher level of hepatic Oil red O staining. CONCLUSIONS ApoE deficiency promotes hepatic pathology and fibrosis by exacerbating Th17/Treg imbalance and altering lipid metabolism in murine schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muziazia Lupemba Jacques
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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5 α,6 α-Epoxyphytosterols and 5 α,6 α-Epoxycholesterol Increase Nitrosative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Rats on Low-Cholesterol Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4751803. [PMID: 32587660 PMCID: PMC7298340 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4751803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oxidized cholesterol derivatives are compounds with proven atherogenic and mutagenic effects. However, little is known about the effect of oxidized plant sterol derivatives (oxyphytosterols), whose structure is similar to the one of oxycholesterols. Our previous studies indicate that they have a similar profile of action, e.g., both exacerbate disorder of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of epoxycholesterol and epoxyphytosterols (mainly sitosterol) on the severity of nitrosative stress and the concentration of selected proinflammatory cytokines in blood and liver tissue of rats on a low-cholesterol diet. Material and Methods. Forty-five male Wistar rats were fed with feed containing 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols (ES group, n: 15), 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol (ECh group, n: 15), and oxysterol-free feed (C group, n: 15) for 90 days (daily dose of oxysterols: 10 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, nitrotyrosine, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and lipid metabolism parameters were determined in blood serum. Furthermore, nitrotyrosine, TNF-α, cholesterol, and triglyceride content were determined in liver homogenates. Results Serum nitrotyrosine, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations as well as TNF-α content in the liver were significantly higher in both groups exposed to oxysterols (ECh and ES groups) as compared to the C group. The serum IL-6 level and nitrotyrosine content in the liver were significantly higher in the ECh group, as compared to the C and ES groups. There was evidence to support the dyslipidemic effect of studied compounds. Conclusions The results indicate that oxidized plant sterols have a similar toxicity profile to that of oxycholesterols, including nitrosative stress induction, proinflammatory effect, and impaired lipid metabolism.
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Kader T, Porteous CM, Jones GT, Dickerhof N, Narayana VK, Tull D, Taraknath S, McCormick SPA. Ribose-cysteine protects against the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228415. [PMID: 32084149 PMCID: PMC7034848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribose-cysteine is a synthetic compound designed to increase glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Low levels of GSH and the GSH-dependent enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both mice and humans. Here we investigate the effect of ribose-cysteine on GSH, GPx, oxidised lipids and atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice. Female 12-week old apoE-/- mice (n = 15) were treated with 4-5 mg/day ribose-cysteine in drinking water for 8 weeks or left untreated. Blood and livers were assessed for GSH, GPx activity and 8-isoprostanes. Plasma alanine transferase (ALT) and lipid levels were measured. Aortae were quantified for atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic sinus and brachiocephalic arch and 8-isoprostanes measured. Ribose-cysteine treatment significantly reduced ALT levels (p<0.0005) in the apoE-/- mice. Treatment promoted a significant increase in GSH concentrations in the liver (p<0.05) and significantly increased GPx activity in the liver and erythrocytes of apoE-/-mice (p<0.005). The level of 8-isoprostanes were significantly reduced in the livers and arteries of apoE-/- mice (p<0.05 and p<0.0005, respectively). Ribose-cysteine treatment showed a significant decrease in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p<0.05) with no effect on other plasma lipids with the LDL reduction likely through upregulation of scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1). Ribose-cysteine treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area by >50% in both the aortic sinus and brachiocephalic branch (p<0.05). Ribose-cysteine promotes a significant GSH-based antioxidant effect in multiple tissues as well as an LDL-lowering response. These effects are accompanied by a marked reduction in atherosclerosis suggesting that ribose-cysteine might increase protection against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Kader
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn M. Porteous
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory T. Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vinod K. Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sreya Taraknath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sally P. A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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16
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Yin F, Gupta R, Vergnes L, Driscoll WS, Ricks J, Ramanathan G, Stewart JA, Shih DM, Faull KF, Beaven SW, Lusis AJ, Reue K, Rosenfeld ME, Araujo JA. Diesel Exhaust Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia, and Liver Steatosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1776-1786. [PMID: 31340670 PMCID: PMC6703953 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to dissect the mechanisms involved. Approach and Results: We assessed the effects of exposure to air pollution on lipid metabolism in mice through assessment of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids 9-HODE (9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic), lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Findings were corroborated, and mechanisms were further assessed in HepG2 hepatocytes in culture. ApoE knockout mice exposed to inhaled diesel exhaust (DE, 6 h/d, 5 days/wk for 16 weeks) exhibited elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased hepatic triglyceride content, and higher hepatic levels of 9-HODE and 13-HODE, as compared to control mice exposed to filtered air. A direct effect of DE exposure on hepatocytes was demonstrated by treatment of HepG2 cells with a methanol extract of DE particles followed by loading with oleic acid. As observed in vivo, this led to increased triglyceride content and significant downregulation of ACAD9 mRNA expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DE particles and oleic acid did not alter de novo lipogenesis but inhibited total, mitochondrial, and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment of isolated mitochondria, prepared from mouse liver, with DE particles and oleic acid also inhibited mitochondrial complex activity and β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS DE exposure leads to dyslipidemia and liver steatosis in ApoE knockout mice, likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 659 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jerry Ricks
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
| | - James A. Stewart
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Diana M. Shih
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kym F. Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon W. Beaven
- Division of Gastroenterology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 44-144, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 659 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 659 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael E. Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Kostallari E, Shah VH. Pericytes in the Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:153-167. [PMID: 30937868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver pericytes, commonly named hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), reside in the space between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes. They display important roles in health and disease. HSCs ensure the storage of the majority of vitamin A in a healthy body, and they represent the major source of fibrotic tissue in liver disease. Surrounding cells, such as LSECs, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells, present a significant role in modulating HSC behavior. Therapeutic strategies against liver disease are being currently developed, where HSCs represent an ideal target. In this chapter, we will discuss HSC quiescence and activation in the context of healthy liver and diseases, such as fibrosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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18
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Püschel GP, Henkel J. Dietary cholesterol does not break your heart but kills your liver. Porto Biomed J 2019; 3:e12. [PMID: 31595236 PMCID: PMC6726297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly accepted that dietary cholesterol has a much lower impact on the progression of cardiovascular disease than previously assumed. However, both animal experiments and human studies seem to support the view that dietary cholesterol may contribute to the transition from benign steatosis to the potentially fatal non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cholesterol esters and cholesterol accumulate in the hepatocyte and impair its function. This leads to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and rendering the hepatocyte more susceptible to apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Kupffer cells group around dying hepatocytes and phagocytose the hepatocyte debris and lipids. In addition, they are exposed to lipid peroxidation products released from hepatocytes. Kupffer cells, thus activated, release pro-inflammatory, chemotactic and profibrotic cytokines that promote inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, dietary cholesterol may be harmful to the liver, in particular when administered in combination with polyunsaturated fatty acids that favor lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard P Püschel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janin Henkel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
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19
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Sfyri PP, Yuldasheva NY, Tzimou A, Giallourou N, Crispi V, Aburima A, Beltran-Alvarez P, Patel K, Mougios V, Swann JR, Kearney MT, Matsakas A. Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced lesions in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis through the inhibition of Nox2 activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:504-519. [PMID: 30342191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leading to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis is recognised to induce morphological and metabolic changes in many tissues. However, hyperlipidaemia can occur in the absence of obesity. The impact of the latter scenario on skeletal muscle and liver is not understood sufficiently. In this regard, we used the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model, an established model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, that does not become obese when subjected to a high-fat diet, to determine the impact of Western-type diet (WD) and ApoE deficiency on skeletal muscle morphological, metabolic and biochemical properties. To establish the potential of therapeutic targets, we further examined the impact of Nox2 pharmacological inhibition on skeletal muscle redox biology. We found ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and the liver, and altered skeletal muscle morphology and intramuscular triacylglycerol fatty acid composition. WD and ApoE deficiency had a detrimental impact in muscle metabolome, followed by perturbed gene expression for fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Importantly, there was enhanced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle and development of liver steatosis, inflammation and oxidative protein modifications. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 decreased reactive oxygen species production and protein oxidative modifications in the muscle of ApoE-/- mice subjected to a Western-type diet. This study provides key evidence to better understand the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle in the context of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis and identifies Nox2 as a potential target for attenuating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagona Panagiota Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Tzimou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassili Crispi
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom.
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20
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Henkel J, Alfine E, Saín J, Jöhrens K, Weber D, Castro JP, König J, Stuhlmann C, Vahrenbrink M, Jonas W, Kleinridders A, Püschel GP. Soybean Oil-Derived Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Liver Damage in NAFLD Induced by Dietary Cholesterol. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091326. [PMID: 30231595 PMCID: PMC6164134 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of atherosclerosis has probably been overestimated, increasing evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol might favor the transition from blunt steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), especially in combination with high fat diets. It is poorly understood how cholesterol alone or in combination with other dietary lipid components contributes to the development of lipotoxicity. The current study demonstrated that liver damage caused by dietary cholesterol in mice was strongly enhanced by a high fat diet containing soybean oil-derived ω6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (ω6-PUFA), but not by a lard-based high fat diet containing mainly saturated fatty acids. In contrast to the lard-based diet the soybean oil-based diet augmented cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, presumably by impairing cholesterol-eliminating pathways. The soybean oil-based diet enhanced cholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and amplified the ensuing oxidative stress, probably by peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in hepatocyte death, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and caused a transition from steatosis to NASH, doubling the NASH activity score. Thus, the recommendation to reduce cholesterol intake, in particular in diets rich in ω6-PUFA, although not necessary to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, might be sensible for patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Henkel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Alfine
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Juliana Saín
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe S3000, Argentina.
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden; D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - José P Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Christin Stuhlmann
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Madita Vahrenbrink
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Wenke Jonas
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - André Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism; D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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21
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Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R. Bioactive Lipid Species and Metabolic Pathways in Progression and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:282-302.e8. [PMID: 29906416 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide, yet there are no effective treatments. A decade has passed since the initial lipidomics analyses of liver tissues from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have learned that liver cells from patients with NASH have an abnormal lipid composition and that the accumulation of lipids leads to organelle dysfunction, cell injury and death, and chronic inflammation, called lipotoxicity. We review the lipid species and metabolic pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH and potential therapeutic targets, including enzymes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, bioactive sphingolipids and polyunsaturated-derived eicosanoids, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. We discuss the concept that NASH is a disease that can resolve and the roles of lipid molecules in the resolution of inflammation and regression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018. [PMID: 29516009 PMCID: PMC5817311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7968452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined. This in vivo study evaluated the role of SIRT1 in the hypercholesterolemic-related LD and, then, investigated how oral supplementation of melatonin, pleiotropic indoleamine, may be protective. Control mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) of 6 and 15 weeks of age were treated or not treated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. In this study, we evaluated serum biochemical markers, liver SIRT1 expression, and oxidative stress markers. We observed that hypercholesterolemia increased significantly serum cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced significantly liver SIRT1, and, in turn, induced hepatic oxidative stress in untreated ApoE−/− mice with respect to control mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved serum biochemical markers and hepatic morphological impairment and inhibited oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also by SIRT1 upregulation. In summary, melatonin oral supplementation may represent a new protective approach to block hypercholesterolemic liver alterations involving also a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
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Gargiulo S, Testa G, Gamba P, Staurenghi E, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. Oxysterols and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal contribute to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:140-150. [PMID: 28057601 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A growing bulk of evidence suggests that cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), the major proatherogenic components of oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization, with eventual plaque rupture. These oxidized lipids are involved in various key steps of this complex process, mainly thanks to their ability to induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects induced by these compounds on vascular cells, after their accumulation in the arterial wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Bellanti F, Villani R, Facciorusso A, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:173-185. [PMID: 28109892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major public health challenge for hepatologists in the twenty-first century. NAFLD comprises a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis or fatty liver, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It can be categorized into two principal phenotypes: (1) non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and (2) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanisms of NAFLD progression consist of lipid homeostasis alterations, redox unbalance, insulin resistance, and inflammation in the liver. Even though several studies show an association between the levels of lipid oxidation products and disease state, experimental evidence suggests that compounds such as reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products, in addition to representing hallmarks of hepatic oxidative damage, may behave as active players in liver dysfunction and the development of NAFLD. This review summarizes the processes that contribute to the metabolic alterations occurring in fatty liver that produce fatty acid and cholesterol oxidation products in NAFLD, with a focus on inflammation, the control of insulin signalling, and the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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Jacobs A, Warda A, Verbeek J, Cassiman D, Spincemaille P. An Overview of Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: From Past to Present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:185-200. [DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ans Jacobs
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Anne‐Sophie Warda
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Pieter Spincemaille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Jia D, Ni YR, Zhang YQ, Rao C, Hou J, Tang HQ, Liu CB, Wu JF. SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs inhibit activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by targeting tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:31. [PMID: 27175276 PMCID: PMC4863342 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix of hepatic fibrosis is positively correlated with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). Here we aimed to investigate whether TIMP1 may be down-regulated by Decoy ODNs strategy to capture transcriptional factor upstream TIMP1 element 1 (UTE1) and specificity protein 1(SP1). Results By luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that these Decoy ODNs could influence the promoter activation of TIMP-1, α-SMA and Collagen Iα2 (COLΙα2) genes as well as the enhancer activation of TRE in HSC-T6 cells, and the combination tended to be more effective than SP1 or UTE1 Decoy ODN alone. Western blot analysis also demonstrated down-regulation of the expression of those target genes except for TGF-β. Furthermore, we observed that the viability of HSC-T6 cells at 72 h was significantly in decline in combination group. Conclusion The combination of SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs treatments inhibit the activation and proliferation of HSCs more effectively than one of the Decoy ODNs through co-regulation of TIMP1 and TGF-β signal pathway but not the expression of TGF-β itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jia
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Chun Rao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jun Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - He-Qing Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
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Riera-Borrull M, Sabench F, del Castillo D, Camps J, Joven J. Exploring the effects of the atherosclerosis progression and the choice of affected arteries in the design of experiments with Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2016; 28:82-6. [PMID: 26899621 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the longitudinal progression of atherosclerosis and the correlation between methods to measure the lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis progression was assessed by measurements of foam cell-rich depositions in their proximal aortas, and/or in surgically excised arteries, to assess the histological luminal narrowing. A longitudinal study was performed by comparing the values for carotid, aorta, and femoral and iliac arteries using common histological techniques. There were no significant differences in progression between different arteries, but correlation with the classical measurement of atherosclerosis in the aortic root was poor. Each laboratory requires specific standardization. Carotid arteries were sensitive to atherosclerosis in these mice, and progression was exponential. In conclusion, morphometric data show the importance of the choice of the duration of treatment, the appropriate controls, and the age at which to begin the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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Gargiulo S, Gamba P, Testa G, Leonarduzzi G, Poli G. The role of oxysterols in vascular ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:2095-113. [PMID: 26648329 DOI: 10.1113/jp271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing endothelium progressively loses its remarkable and crucial ability to maintain homeostasis of the vasculature, as it acquires a proinflammatory phenotype. Cellular and structural changes gradually accumulate in the blood vessels, and markedly in artery walls. Most changes in aged arteries are comparable to those occurring during the atherogenic process, the latter being more marked: pro-oxidant and proinflammatory molecules, mainly deriving from or triggered by oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), are undoubtedly a major driving force of this process. Oxysterols, quantitatively relevant components of oxLDLs, are likely candidate molecules in the pathogenesis of vascular ageing, because of their marked pro-oxidant, proinflammatory and proapoptotic properties. An increasing bulk of experimental data point to the contribution of a variety of oxysterols of pathophysiological interest, also in the age-related genesis of endothelium dysfunction, intimal thickening due to lipid accumulation, and smooth muscle cell migration and arterial stiffness due to increasing collagen deposition and calcification. This review provides an updated analysis of the molecular mechanisms whereby oxysterols accumulating in the wall of ageing blood vessels may 'activate' endothelial and monocytic cells, through expression of an inflammatory phenotype, and 'convince' smooth muscle cells to proliferate, migrate and, above all, to act as fibroblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Bertero T, Cottrill KA, Annis S, Bhat B, Gochuico BR, Osorio JC, Rosas I, Haley KJ, Corey KE, Chung RT, Nelson Chau B, Chan SY. A YAP/TAZ-miR-130/301 molecular circuit exerts systems-level control of fibrosis in a network of human diseases and physiologic conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18277. [PMID: 26667495 PMCID: PMC4678880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular origins of fibrosis affecting multiple tissue beds remain incompletely defined. Previously, we delineated the critical role of the control of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening by the mechanosensitive microRNA-130/301 family, as activated by the YAP/TAZ co-transcription factors, in promoting pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that similar mechanisms may dictate fibrosis in other tissue beds beyond the pulmonary vasculature. Employing an in silico combination of microRNA target prediction, transcriptomic analysis of 137 human diseases and physiologic states, and advanced gene network modeling, we predicted the microRNA-130/301 family as a master regulator of fibrotic pathways across a cohort of seemingly disparate diseases and conditions. In two such diseases (pulmonary fibrosis and liver fibrosis), inhibition of microRNA-130/301 prevented the induction of ECM modification, YAP/TAZ, and downstream tissue fibrosis. Thus, mechanical forces act through a central feedback circuit between microRNA-130/301 and YAP/TAZ to sustain a common fibrotic phenotype across a network of human physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Such re-conceptualization of interconnections based on shared systems of disease and non-disease gene networks may have broad implications for future convergent diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Katherine A. Cottrill
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | | | - Juan C. Osorio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Haley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Seven weeks of Western diet in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice induce metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12931. [PMID: 26263022 PMCID: PMC4531783 DOI: 10.1038/srep12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterised by hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, which might progress to cirrhosis. Human NASH is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Currently, rodent NASH models either lack significant fibrosis or MS. ApoE−/− mice are a MS model used in cardiovascular research. The aim of this work was to establish and characterise a novel mouse NASH model with significant fibrosis and MS. ApoE−/− and wild-type mice (wt) were fed either a western-diet (WD), methionine-choline-deficient-diet (MCD) or normal chow. Liver histology, RT-PCR, hepatic hydroxyproline content, triglycerides and cholesterol levels, and fasting glucose levels assessed hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Further, portal pressure was measured invasively, and kidney pathology was assessed by histology. ApoE−/− mice receiving WD showed abnormal glucose tolerance, hepatomegaly, weight gain and full spectrum of NASH including hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation, with no sign of renal damage. MCD-animals showed less severe liver fibrosis, but detectable renal pathological changes, besides weight loss and unchanged glucose tolerance. This study describes a murine NASH model with distinct hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, without renal pathology. ApoE−/− mice receiving WD represent a novel and fast model with all characteristic features of NASH and MS well suitable for NASH research.
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Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in a number of physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. They occur in two of the three domains of terrestrial life (bacteria, eucarya) and the human genome involves six functional LOX genes, which encode for six different LOX isoforms. One of these isoforms is ALOX15, which has first been described in rabbits in 1974 as enzyme capable of oxidizing membrane phospholipids during the maturational breakdown of mitochondria in immature red blood cells. During the following decades ALOX15 has extensively been characterized and its biological functions have been studied in a number of cellular in vitro systems as well as in various whole animal disease models. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the protein-chemical, molecular biological and enzymatic properties of ALOX15 in various species (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) as well as its implication in cellular physiology and in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Tersey SA, Bolanis E, Holman TR, Maloney DJ, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG. Minireview: 12-Lipoxygenase and Islet β-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:791-800. [PMID: 25803446 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin producing islet β-cells have increasingly gained attention for their role in the pathogeneses of virtually all forms of diabetes. Dysfunction, de-differentiation, and/or death of β-cells are pivotal features in the transition from normoglycemia to hyperglycemia in both animal models of metabolic disease and humans. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, inflammation appears to be a central cause of β-cell derangements, and molecular pathways that modulate inflammation or the inflammatory response are felt to be prime targets of future diabetes therapy. The lipoxygenases (LOs) represent a class of enzymes that oxygenate cellular polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce inflammatory lipid intermediates that directly and indirectly affect cellular function and survival. The enzyme 12-LO is expressed in all metabolically active tissues, including pancreatic islets, and has received increasing attention for its role in promoting cellular inflammation in the setting of diabetes. Genetic deletion models of 12-LO in mice reveal striking protection from metabolic disease and its complications and an emerging body of literature has implicated its role in human disease. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the proinflammatory role of 12-LO as it relates to islet β-cells, and the potential for 12-LO inhibition as a future avenue for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Tersey
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Esther Bolanis
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - David J Maloney
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Efficient creation of an APOE knockout rabbit. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:227-35. [PMID: 25216764 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rabbit is a preferred model system for diverse areas of human disease research, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, for its close resemblance to human physiology. Its larger size than that of rodents allows for more convenient physiological and surgical manipulations as well as imaging. The rapid development of nuclease technologies enables the rabbit genome to be engineered as readily as that of rats and mice, offering rabbit models a chance to make their due impact on medical research. Here, we report the efficient creation of an APOE knockout rabbit by using zinc finger nucleases. The knockout rabbits had drastically elevated cholesterol and moderately increased triglyceride levels, mimicking symptoms in human heart disease. So far the rabbit genome has been successfully modified with three nuclease technologies. With a gestation period only days longer than those of rodents, we hope additional reports on their creation and characterization will help encourage the use of rabbit models where they are most relevant to human conditions.
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Jing XY, Yang XF, Qing K, Ou-yang Y. Roles of the lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells activation △. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 28:233-6. [PMID: 24382226 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The lipids present in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) lipid droplets include retinyl ester, triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Activation of HSCs is crucial to the development of fibrosis in liver disease. During activation, HSCs transform into myofibroblasts with concomitant loss of their lipid droplets and production of excessive extracellular matrix. Release of lipid droplets containing retinyl esters and triglyceride is a defining feature of activated HSCs. Accumulating evidence supports the proposal that recovering the accumulation of lipids would inhibit the activation of HSCs. In healthy liver, quiescent HSCs store 80% of total liver retinols and release them depending on the extracellular retinol status. However, in injured liver activated HSCs lose their retinols and produce a considerable amount of extracellular matrix, subsequently leading to liver fibrosis. Further findings prove that lipid metabolism of HSCs is closely associated with its activation, yet relationship between activated HSCs and the lipid metabolism has remained mysterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yan Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Xue-feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Ou-yang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Radwan MM, Radwan BM, Nandipati KC, Hunter WJ, Agrawal DK. Immunological and molecular basis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:727-38. [PMID: 23971751 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.816484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is rising worldwide with the increasing incidence of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. NASH is currently one of the most common indications of liver transplantation in the United States. The immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. The metabolic changes, associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, induce immunological responses resulting in NAFLD and further aggravation of the metabolic derangement in a feed-forward loop. Genetic and endocrine factors modulate the immunological and metabolic responses and determine the pathophysiological features of NAFLD. Histologically, NAFLD is a spectrum that ranges from simple hepatic steatosis to severe steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are responsible for the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This article is a critical evaluation of our current knowledge of the immunological and molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Serviddio G, Bellanti F, Vendemiale G. Free radical biology for medicine: learning from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:952-968. [PMID: 23994574 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, when released under controlled conditions and limited amounts, contribute to cellular proliferation, senescence, and survival by acting as signaling intermediates. In past decades there has been an epidemic diffusion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that represents the result of the impairment of lipid metabolism, redox imbalance, and insulin resistance in the liver. To date, most studies and reviews have been focused on the molecular mechanisms by which fatty liver progresses to steatohepatitis, but the processes leading toward the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD are not fully understood yet. Several nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α/γ/δ, PPARγ coactivators 1α and 1β, sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase, liver-X-receptors, and farnesoid-X-receptor, play key roles in the regulation of lipid homeostasis during the pathogenesis of NAFLD. These nuclear receptors may act as redox sensors and may modulate various metabolic pathways in response to specific molecules that act as ligands. It is conceivable that a redox-dependent modulation of lipid metabolism, nuclear receptor-mediated, could cause the development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Thus, this network may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of hepatic steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis. This review summarizes the redox-dependent factors that contribute to metabolism alterations in fatty liver with a focus on the redox control of nuclear receptors in normal liver as well as in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Serviddio G, Blonda M, Bellanti F, Villani R, Iuliano L, Vendemiale G. Oxysterols and redox signaling in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:881-93. [PMID: 24000796 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.835048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized species of cholesterol coming from exogenous (e.g. dietary) and endogenous (in vivo) sources. They play critical roles in normal physiologic functions such as regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Most of biological effects are mediated by interaction with nuclear receptor LXRα, highly expressed in the liver as well as in many other tissues. Such interaction participates in the regulation of whole-body cholesterol metabolism, by acting as "lipid sensors". Moreover, it seems that oxysterols are also suspected to play key roles in several pathologies, including cardiovascular and inflammatory disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Growing evidence suggests that oxysterols may contribute to liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The present review focuses on the current status of knowledge on oxysterols' biological role, with an emphasis on LXR signaling and oxysterols' physiopathological relevance in NAFLD, suggesting new pharmacological development that needs to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia , Italy
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Sumida Y, Niki E, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Involvement of free radicals and oxidative stress in NAFLD/NASH. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:869-80. [PMID: 24004441 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.837577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common liver disease affecting high proportion of the population worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a large spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and cancer. NAFLD is considered as a multifactorial disease in relation to the pathogenic mechanisms. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH and the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested. Many studies show the association between the levels of lipid oxidation products and disease state. However, often neither oxidative stress nor ROS has been characterized, despite oxidative stress is mediated by multiple active species by different mechanisms and the same lipid oxidation products are produced by different active species. Further, the effects of various antioxidants have been assessed in human and animal studies, but the effects of drugs are determined by the type of active species, suggesting the importance of characterizing the active species involved. This review article is focused on the role of free radicals and free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, taking characteristic features of free radical-mediated oxidation into consideration. The detailed analysis of lipid oxidation products shows the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Potential beneficial effects of antioxidants such as vitamin E are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) polyphenol–rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Nutr Res 2013; 33:406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen J, Chen LJ, Yang RB, Xia YL, Zhou HC, Wu W, Lu Y, Hu LW, Zhao Y. Expression and clinical significance of apolipoprotein E in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:583. [PMID: 23609192 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer with a poor prognosis. Our previous proteomic analysis found apolipoprotein E (ApoE) protein to be up-regulated in the sera of patients with PDAC. In this study, we sought to confirm this finding and investigate the relationship between ApoE and PDAC. We measured ApoE expression in tissues from PDAC patients and normal controls (NC) by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to measure the levels of ApoE and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in the sera from patients with PDAC and NC. Real-time PCR and western blots showed that the ApoE mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in PDAC tissues. The immunohistochemical results revealed that overexpression of ApoE was detected in 43 of 55 (78.2 %) PDAC cases and 3 of 20 (15 %) NC. High levels of ApoE were more likely in PDAC patients with advanced T status and TNM stages (p = 0.023 and p = 0.018, respectively). The ELISA results also confirmed that ApoE levels were elevated in the sera of PDAC patients. The sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing PDAC from NC were 76.2 and 71.4 %, respectively, for ApoE, 66.7 and 85.7 %, respectively, for CA19-9, and 81.0 and 85.7 %, respectively, for their combination. These results suggest that ApoE may be a potential PDAC-related biomarker and alone or in combination with other markers may provide additional information for the diagnosis and clinical management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Joven J, Rull A, Rodriguez-Gallego E, Camps J, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Martin-Paredero V, Segura-Carretero A, Micol V, Alonso-Villaverde C, Menéndez J. Multifunctional targets of dietary polyphenols in disease: A case for the chemokine network and energy metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:267-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Emerging experimental and human evidence has linked altered hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and free cholesterol (FC) accumulation to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatits (NASH). This review focuses on cellular mechanisms of cholesterol toxicity involved in liver injury and on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis promoting hepatic cholesterol overload in NASH. FC accumulation injures hepatocytes directly, by disrupting mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane integrity, triggering mitochondrial oxidative injury and ER stress, and by promoting generation of toxic oxysterols, and indirectly, by inducing adipose tissue dysfunction. Accumulation of oxidized LDL particles may also activate Kupffer and hepatic stellate cells, promoting liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Hepatic cholesterol accumulation is driven by a deeply deranged cellular cholesterol homeostasis, characterized by elevated cholesterol synthesis and uptake from circulating lipoproteins and by a reduced cholesterol excretion. Extensive dysregulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis by nuclear transcription factors sterol regulatory binding protein (SREBP)-2, liver X-receptor (LXR)-α and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a key role in hepatic cholesterol accumulation in NASH. The therapeutic implications and opportunities for normalizing cellular cholesterol homeostasis in these patients are also discussed.
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Hawkins MT, Lewis JH. Latest advances in predicting DILI in human subjects: focus on biomarkers. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1521-30. [PMID: 22998122 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.724060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quest for a biomarker that would reliably identify patients at risk of developing acute drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to a specific agent or class of agents before it occurs, has been underway for years. Historical host factors for DILI, such as older age and female gender, are not considered sufficient to truly predict an individual's inherent risk of DILI. In vitro and animal-based biomarker discoveries, in many instances, have not been considered accurate enough for drug development in human subjects nor for use in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED In order to assess the current state of biomarkers to predict idiosyncratic human DILI, the authors utilized the PubMed literature search tool to identify research reports dealing with clinical DILI biomarkers covering the period of 2010 through to June 2012. Studies involving pharmacogenetic, proteomic and toxicogenomic analyses are preferentially reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Although acute DILI has been linked to specific genetic associations (e.g., flucloxacillin and HLA-B*5701; and certain polymorphisms seen with anti-TB agent DILI), such predictors have been able to identify only some patients at risk for only a limited number of drugs. Proteomic-based biomarkers from stored sera in the US DILI Network, such as apolipoprotein E, have been identified as potential candidates, but require further study. As it currently stands, the quest for a widely applicable, validated DILI biomarker remains an ongoing clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiyen Tran Hawkins
- Georgetown University Hospital, Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, 3800 Reservoir Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Ma K, Jin X, Liang X, Zhao Q, Zhang X. Inflammatory mediators involved in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:388-94. [PMID: 22389088 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, steatosis of the liver and other organs, as well as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have implicated a number of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, adipokines and eicosanoids in the inflammatory responses that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Measurements of the circulating levels of the inflammatory molecules that accompany this syndrome might provide leads to therapeutic approaches to modulate the inflammatory responses and thereby alter disease progression. In this review, we summarize recent studies on classical and newer inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in humans and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuifen Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Burtea C, Ballet S, Laurent S, Rousseaux O, Dencausse A, Gonzalez W, Port M, Corot C, Elst LV, Muller RN. Development of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for the Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Using Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Apoptosis-Targeted Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Derivatives. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e36-48. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.245415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Acute ischemic events are often caused by the disruption of lipid-rich plaques, which are frequently not angiographically visible. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and apoptotic cell-targeted peptides studied during our previous work were conjugated to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) (USPIO-R832 for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 targeting; USPIO-R826 for apoptosis targeting) and assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods and Results—
Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were injected with 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight and were imaged on a 4.7-T Bruker magnetic resonance imaging until 24 hours after contrast agent administration. Aortic samples were then harvested and examined by histochemistry, and the magnetic resonance images and histological micrographs were analyzed with ImageJ software. The plaques enhanced by USPIO-R832 contained macrophages concentrated in the cap and a large necrotic core, whereas USPIO-R826 produced a negative enhancement of plaques rich in macrophages and neutral fats concentrated inside the plaque. Both USPIO derivatives colocalized with their target on histological sections and were able to detect plaques with a vulnerable morphology, but each one is detecting a specific environment.
Conclusion—
Our vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and apoptotic cell targeted USPIO derivatives seem to be highly promising tools for atherosclerosis imaging contributing to the detection of vulnerable plaques. They are able to attain their target in low doses and as fast as 30 minutes after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Burtea
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sébastien Ballet
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Anne Dencausse
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Walter Gonzalez
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Marc Port
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Claire Corot
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Robert N. Muller
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Bell LN, Vuppalanchi R, Watkins PB, Bonkovsky HL, Serrano J, Fontana RJ, Wang M, Rochon J, Chalasani N. Serum proteomic profiling in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:600-12. [PMID: 22403816 PMCID: PMC3654532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex disorder that is difficult to predict, diagnose and treat. AIM To describe the global serum proteome of patients with DILI and controls. METHODS A label-free, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to explore protein expression in serum samples from 74 DILI patients (collected within 14 days of DILI onset) and 40 controls. A longitudinal analysis was conducted in a subset of 21 DILI patients with available 6-month follow-up serum samples. RESULTS Comparison of DILI patients based on pattern, severity and causality assessment of liver injury revealed many differentially expressed priority 1 proteins among groups. Expression of fumarylacetoacetase was correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT; r = 0.237; P = 0.047), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r = 0.389; P = 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (r = -0.240; P = 0.043), and this was the only protein with significant differential expression when comparing patients with hepatocellular vs. cholestatic or mixed injury. In the longitudinal analysis, expression of 53 priority 1 proteins changed significantly from onset of DILI to 6-month follow-up, and nearly all proteins returned to expression levels comparable to control subjects. Ninety-two serum priority 1 proteins with significant differential expression were identified when comparing the DILI and control groups. Pattern analysis revealed proteins that are components of inflammation, immune system activation and several hepatotoxicity-specific pathways. Apolipoprotein E expression had the greatest power to differentiate DILI patients from controls (89% correct classification; AUROC = 0.97). CONCLUSION This proteomic analysis identified differentially expressed proteins that are components of pathways previously implicated in the pathogenesis of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Bell
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R. Vuppalanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - P. B. Watkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H. L. Bonkovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
,Cannon Research Center and Center for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - J. Serrano
- Liver Disease Research Branch, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R. J. Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M. Wang
- Protein Analysis Research Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J. Rochon
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - N. Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Luo W, Öhman M, Wright A, Kamrudin S, Wang H, Guo C, Eitzman D. Steatohepatitis and vascular thrombosis in apolipoprotein e deficient mice. Thromb Res 2012; 129:e166-7. [PMID: 22326191 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ekor M, Odewabi AO, Kale OE, Adesanoye OA, Bamidele TO. Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride-associated hepatotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 36:1-8. [PMID: 22168377 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.642380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin production are suggested to play important, complex roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Studies on the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on the progression of liver fibrosis present controversial results, and the proposed therapeutic potential of these agents in chronic liver disease is predicated largely on their effectiveness in modulating hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro. This study investigated the modulatory effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in CCl(4)-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats, weighing 120-180 g, were assigned into five groups of 6 rats/group. Groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg) and CCl(4) (80 mg/kg), respectively. Group 3 was given celecoxib (5.7 mg/kg), whereas groups 4 and 5 were pretreated with 2.9 and 5.7 mg/kg/day of celecoxib, respectively, 1 hour before CCl(4) treatment. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly by 118.5, 150.0, and 51.3%, respectively, with an accompanying decrease (P < 0.05) in total protein and albumin after CCl(4) treatment. Hepatotoxicity was associated with a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), and severe hepatic necrosis with marked fatty and cellular (i.e., mononuclear cells) infiltration. Although celecoxib neither reduced CCl(4)-induced increases in marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity nor significantly attenuated hepatic necrosis, it, however, was effective in reducing elevated cholesterol by 16.5 and 20.8% and LPO by 12.9 and 35.5% at 2.9 and 5.7 mg/kg, respectively. Data suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may be effective in controlling hypercholesterolemia and peroxidative changes associated with liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Ekor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Nigeria.
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Olaso E, Arteta B, Benedicto A, Crende O, Friedman SL. Loss of discoidin domain receptor 2 promotes hepatic fibrosis after chronic carbon tetrachloride through altered paracrine interactions between hepatic stellate cells and liver-associated macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2894-904. [PMID: 22019896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) interact with fibrillar collagen through the discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in acute hepatic injury, generating increased fibrosis. However, the contribution of DDR2 signaling to chronic liver fibrosis in vivo is unclear, despite its relevance to chronic human liver disease. We administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) to DDR2(+/+) and DDR2(-/-) mice twice weekly, and liver tissues and isolated HSCs were analyzed. In contrast to changes seen in acute injury, after chronic CCl(4) administration, DDR2(-/-) livers had increased collagen deposition, gelatinolytic activity, and HSC density. Increased basal gene expression of osteopontin, transforming growth factor-β1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-10 and reduced basal gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-13, and collagen type I in quiescent DDR2(-/-) HSCs were amplified further after chronic CCl(4). In concordance, DDR2(-/-) HSCs isolated from chronically injured livers had enhanced in vitro migration and proliferation, but less extracellular matrix degradative activity. Macrophages from chronic CCl(4)-treated DDR2(-/-) livers showed stronger chemoattractive activity toward DDR2(-/-) HSCs than DDR2(+/+) macrophages, increased extracellular matrix degradation, and higher cytokine mRNA expression. In conclusion, loss of DDR2 promotes chronic liver fibrosis after CCl(4) injury. The fibrogenic sinusoidal milieu generated in chronic DDR2(-/-) livers recruits more HSCs to injured regions, which enhances fibrosis. Together, these findings suggest that DDR2 normally orchestrates gene programs and paracrine interactions between HSCs and macrophages that together attenuate chronic hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Olaso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
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