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Lindsey ML, Usselman CW, Ripplinger CM, Carter JR, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Sex as a biological variable for cardiovascular physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H459-H469. [PMID: 38099847 PMCID: PMC11219053 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00727.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
There have been ongoing efforts by federal agencies and scientific communities since the early 1990s to incorporate sex and/or gender in all aspects of cardiovascular research. Scientific journals provide a critical function as change agents to influence transformation by encouraging submissions for topic areas, and by setting standards and expectations for articles submitted to the journal. As part of ongoing efforts to advance sex and gender in cardiovascular physiology research, the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology recently launched a call for papers on Considering Sex as a Biological Variable. This call was an overwhelming success, resulting in 78 articles published in this collection. This review summarizes the major themes of the collection, including Sex as a Biological Variable Within: Endothelial Cell and Vascular Physiology, Cardiovascular Immunity and Inflammation, Metabolism and Mitochondrial Energy, Extracellular Matrix Turnover and Fibrosis, Neurohormonal Signaling, and Cardiovascular Clinical and Epidemiology Assessments. Several articles also focused on establishing rigor and reproducibility of key physiological measurements involved in cardiovascular health and disease, as well as recommendations and considerations for study design. Combined, these articles summarize our current understanding of sex and gender influences on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology and provide insight into future directions needed to further expand our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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2
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Guo L, Wu D, Shen J, Gao Y. ERG mediates the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity through the HLX/STAT4/Perforin signaling pathway, thereby promoting the progression of myocardial infarction. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:219-233. [PMID: 38091230 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of ERG in the HLX/STAT4/Perforin signaling axis, impacting natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and myocardial infarction (MI) progression. NK cell cytotoxicity was assessed via co-culture and 51Cr release assays. Datasets GSE34198 and GSE97320 identified common differentially expressed genes in MI. NK cell gene expression was analyzed in MI patients and healthy individuals using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. ERG's regulation of HLX and STAT4's regulation of perforin were studied through computational tools (MEM) and ChIP experiments. HLX's influence on STAT4 was explored with the MG132 proteasome inhibitor. Findings were validated in a mouse MI model.ERG, a commonly upregulated gene, was identified in NK cells from MI patients and mice. ERG upregulated HLX, leading to STAT4 proteasomal degradation and reduced Perforin expression. Consequently, NK cell cytotoxicity decreased, promoting MI progression. ERG mediates the HLX/STAT4/Perforin axis to inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity, fostering MI progression. These results provide vital insights into MI's molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu Z, Sammani S, Barber CJ, Kempf CL, Li F, Yang Z, Bermudez RT, Camp SM, Herndon VR, Furenlid LR, Martin DR, Garcia JGN. An eNAMPT-neutralizing mAb reduces post-infarct myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116103. [PMID: 38160623 PMCID: PMC10872269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers adverse ventricular remodeling (VR), cardiac fibrosis, and subsequent heart failure. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) is postulated to play a significant role in VR processing via activation of the TLR4 inflammatory pathway. We hypothesized that an eNAMPT specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) could target and neutralize overexpressed eNAMPT post-MI and attenuate chronic cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We investigated humanized ALT-100 and ALT-300 mAb with high eNAMPT-neutralizing capacity in an infarct rat model to test our hypothesis. ALT-300 was 99mTc-labeled to generate 99mTc-ALT-300 for imaging myocardial eNAMPT expression at 2 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks post-IRI. The eNAMPT-neutralizing ALT-100 mAb (0.4 mg/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour and 24 hours post-reperfusion and twice a week for 4 weeks. Cardiac function changes were determined by echocardiography at 3 days and 4 weeks post-IRI. 99mTc-ALT-300 uptake was initially localized to the ischemic area at risk (IAR) of the left ventricle (LV) and subsequently extended to adjacent non-ischemic areas 2 hours to 4 weeks post-IRI. Radioactive uptake (%ID/g) of 99mTc-ALT-300 in the IAR increased from 1 week to 4 weeks (0.54 ± 0.16 vs. 0.78 ± 0.13, P < 0.01). Rats receiving ALT-100 mAb exhibited significantly improved myocardial histopathology and cardiac function at 4 weeks, with a significant reduction in the collagen volume fraction (%LV) compared to controls (21.5 ± 6.1% vs. 29.5 ± 9.9%, P < 0.05). Neutralization of the eNAMPT/TLR4 inflammatory cascade is a promising therapeutic strategy for MI by reducing chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and preserving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Christy J Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carrie L Kempf
- University of Florida UF Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rosendo T Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sara M Camp
- University of Florida UF Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Vivian Reyes Herndon
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lars R Furenlid
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Diego R Martin
- Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- University of Florida UF Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
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Vanden Noven ML, Anselmo M, Tahsin CT, Carter JR, Keller-Ross ML. A review of the historical use of sex as a biological variable in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H768-H773. [PMID: 37594486 PMCID: PMC10643001 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00278.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite National Institute of Health (NIH) mandates requiring sex as a biological variable (SABV), female underrepresentation persists in research, driving the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (Am J Physiol-Heart Circ) to publish SABV expectations in 2021. To determine progress within the Am J Physiol-Heart Circ, this mini-review evaluated SABV during the first 6 mo of each decade from 1980 to 2020, and 2019, to mitigate pandemic influence. Of the 1,205 articles published, 1,087 articles were included in this review (articles without original research subjects were excluded), of which 72.9% identified subjects. There were consistently fewer female human participants than males, except within 2019 (1980: females n = 3, males n = 5; 1990: females n = 70, males n = 199; 2000: females n = 305, males n = 355; 2010: females n = 186, males n = 472; 2019: females n = 1,695, males n = 1,550; 2020: females n = 1,157, males n = 1,222) and fewer female animals than males (1980: females n = 58, males n = 1,291; 1990: females n = 447, males n = 2,628; 2000: females n = 590, males n = 3,083; 2010: females n = 663, males n = 4,517; 2019: females n = 338, males n = 1,340; 2020: females n = 1,372, males n = 1,973). Only 16 (12.3%) articles including humans discussed SABV from 1980 to 2020. There are persistent SABV disparities within Am J Physiol-Heart Circ with some improvements in recent years. It is imperative that organizations such as the American Physiological Society and NIH foster an expectation of SABV as the norm, not the exception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie L Vanden Noven
- Department of Exercise Science, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Miguel Anselmo
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Chowdhury Tasnova Tahsin
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Manda L Keller-Ross
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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5
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Learmonth M, Corker A, Dasgupta S, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Regulation of cardiac fibroblasts by lymphocytes after a myocardial infarction: playing in the major league. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H553-H561. [PMID: 37450290 PMCID: PMC10538980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components within the myocardium, which can lead to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Studies have shown that lymphocytes including B and T cells play important roles in the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis after a myocardial infarction. In this review, we focus on the regulation of cardiac fibrosis by lymphocyte subsets, with a particular emphasis on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their effects on fibroblasts and cardiac remodeling. We also highlight areas for further exploration of the interactions between T cells and fibroblasts necessary for understanding and treating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Learmonth
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Alexa Corker
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaoni Dasgupta
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Lindsey ML, Kleinbongard P, Kassiri Z, Carter JR, Hansell Keehan K, Ripplinger CM, LeBlanc AJ, Brunt KR, Kirk JA. We asked and you answered. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H657-H658. [PMID: 36930658 PMCID: PMC10085547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00084.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R Carter
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Kara Hansell Keehan
- Associate Publications Director, Editorial and Content Development and Executive Editor, AJP-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Chalise U, Becirovic‐Agic M, Lindsey ML. The cardiac wound healing response to myocardial infarction. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1584. [PMID: 36634913 PMCID: PMC10077990 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as evidence of myocardial necrosis consistent with prolonged ischemia. In response to MI, the myocardium undergoes a series of wound healing events that initiate inflammation and shift to anti-inflammation before transitioning to tissue repair that culminates in scar formation to replace the region of the necrotic myocardium. The overall response to MI is determined by two major steps, the first of which is the secretion of proteases by infiltrating leukocytes to breakdown extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a necessary step to remove necrotic cardiomyocytes. The second step is the generation of new ECM that comprises the scar; and this step is governed by the cardiac fibroblasts as the major source of new ECM synthesis. The leukocyte component resides in the middle of the two-step process, contributing to both sides as the leukocytes transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and reparative cell phenotypes. The balance between the two steps determines the final quantity and quality of scar formed, which in turn contributes to chronic outcomes following MI, including the progression to heart failure. This review will summarize our current knowledge regarding the cardiac wound healing response to MI, primarily focused on experimental models of MI in mice. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mediha Becirovic‐Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
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8
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Broughton P, Troncoso M, Corker A, Williams A, Bolus D, Munoz G, McWhorter C, Roerden H, Huebsch P, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Riding the wave: a quantitative report of electrocardiogram utilization for myocardial infarction confirmation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H378-H387. [PMID: 35802516 PMCID: PMC9359650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate a quantitative profile of electrocardiograms (ECGs) for confirming surgical success of permanent coronary artery ligation. An ECG was recorded at baseline, and 0, 1, and 5 min after ligation and analyzed using iWorkx LabScribe software. Cohort 1 (C57Bl6/J, n = 8/sex) was enrolled to determine ECG characteristics that were confirmed in cohort 2 (C57Bl6/J, n = 6/sex; CD8-/-n = 6 males/4 females). Of the 16 mice in cohort 1, 12 (6/sex) had an infarct ≥35% and four mice (2/sex) had <35% based on 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. After ligation, the QRS complex and R-S amplitude were significantly different compared with baseline. No differences were observed in the R-S amplitude between mice with infarcts ≥35% versus <35% at any time point, whereas the QRS complex was significant 1 min after ligation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve linked changes in the QRS complex but not the R-S amplitude at 1 and 5 min with surgical success. Data were normalized to baseline values to calculate fold change. ROC analysis of the normalized QRS data indicated strong sensitivity and specificity for infarcts ≥35%; normalized R-S amplitude remained nonsignificant. With a cutoff generated by ROC analysis of cohort 1 (>80% sensitivity; >90% specificity), the non-normalized QRS complex of cohort 2 had an 86% success rate (2 false positives; 1 false negative). The normalized data had a 77% success rate (2 false positives; 3 false negatives). Neither sex nor genotype was associated with false predictions (P = 0.18). Our data indicate that the area under the QRS complex 1 min after ligation can improve reproducibility in MI surgeries.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study describes a quantitative method for using an electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine which animals have infarcts that reflect coronary artery ligation. Using a quantitative ECG, investigators will have the benefit of having real-time feedback during the procedure, which will ultimately decrease the amount of time investigators spend performing experiments. This overall increase in efficiency will help investigators decrease animal numbers used due to better surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Broughton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Miguel Troncoso
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexa Corker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexus Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dawson Bolus
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gualberto Munoz
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline McWhorter
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hallie Roerden
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Penny Huebsch
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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9
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Innate immune stimulation prevents chronic stress-induced depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors in female mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109126. [PMID: 35973368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that pre-stimulation of the innate immune system can prevent depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors in chronically stressed male mice. However, it is unclear whether similar effects can be observed in female animals. In the present study, we investigated this question in female mice. Our results showed that a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg/kg) one day before stress exposure prevented increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test and decreased sucrose intake in the sucrose preference test in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-treated female mice. The single LPS pre-injection (100 μg/kg) prevented the CUS-induced decrease in (i) time spent in open arms and number of entries into open arms in the elevated plus maze test, (ii) time spent in lit side in the light-dark test, and (iii) time spent in the central region of the open field in the open field test, along with no changes in locomotor activity. It was also found that the single LPS pre-injection in female mice prevented the CUS-induced increase in the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 mRNA in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of innate immune system stimulation by minocycline pretreatment abrogated the preventive effect of LPS on CUS-induced depressive and anxiogenic-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex in female mice. These results suggest that pre-stimulation of the innate immune system by LPS injection may prevent the development of behavioral abnormalities in female mice.
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Sai X, Li Z, Deng G, Wang L, Xiaowu W, Nasser MI, Liu C, Zhu P. Immunomodulatory effects of icariin in a myocardial infarction mouse model. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12504-12515. [PMID: 35579292 PMCID: PMC9276034 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease defined by myocardial ischemia and hypoxic damage caused by plaque rupture, thrombosis, lumen stenosis, or blockage in the coronary artery. However, the development of emergency percutaneous coronary interventional therapy has enabled the rapid restoration of blood perfusion to ischemic myocardium and the rescue of dying myocardium cells. Some dying myocardium cells have caused irreversible damage and impaired cardiac function recovery in recent years. Icariin has been utilized to treat various ailments as a natural chemical extract. In this study, we employed a variety of approaches to observe MI, including western blotting, quantitative RT–PCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometric analysis using icariin. As demonstrated by the research findings, icariin may prevent MI-induced cell apoptosis. This is accomplished by inhibiting proinflammatory factors via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. These data imply that icariin may be an effective treatment for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyalatu Sai
- Departement of Cardiology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhetao Li
- Departement of Cardiology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Xiaowu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Departement of Cardiology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Peron D, Prates RA, Antonio EL, Teixeira ILA, de Oliveira HA, Mansano BSDM, Bergamo A, Almeida DR, Dariolli R, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. A common oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis in rats. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:506-517. [PMID: 35066916 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) inoculation could induce cardiac remodelling in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 33 Wistar rats, which were distributed in the following experimental groups: not inoculated; inoculated with 1 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria; inoculated with 3 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria. The animals were inoculated at baseline and on the 15th day of follow-up. Blood collection was performed at baseline and 60 min after each inoculation. At 29 days, the animals were subjected to echocardiography and at 30 days to haemodynamic studies before sacrificing them. RESULTS Impact of the bacteria was more evident in rats that received higher P. gingivalis concentration. Thus, 3 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria increased the rectal temperature and water content in the lung as well as myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. P. gingivalis induced the intensification of DNA fragmentation and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, oxidized proteins, and macrophage expression in the myocardium. These findings were associated with lower LV isovolumetric relaxation time, +dP/dt, -dP/dt, and higher end-diastolic pressure. CONCLUSIONS P. gingivalis bacteraemia is significantly associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and may play a biological role in the genesis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Peron
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Science, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Science, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Bergamo
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Science, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Dariolli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chalise U, Becirovic-Agic M, Daseke MJ, Konfrst SR, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Feng D, Salomon JD, Anderson DR, Cook LM, Lindsey ML. S100A9 is a functional effector of infarct wall thinning after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H145-H155. [PMID: 34890276 PMCID: PMC8742737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00475.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils infiltrate into the left ventricle (LV) early after myocardial infarction (MI) and launch a proinflammatory response. Along with neutrophil infiltration, LV wall thinning due to cardiomyocyte necrosis also peaks at day 1 in the mouse model of MI. To understand the correlation, we examined a previously published data set that included day 0 (n = 10) and MI day (D) 1 (n = 10) neutrophil proteome and echocardiography assessments. Out of 123 proteins, 4 proteins positively correlated with the infarct wall thinning index (1/wall thickness): histone 1.2 (r = 0.62, P = 0.004), S100A9 (r = 0.60, P = 0.005), histone 3.1 (r = 0.55, P = 0.01), and fibrinogen (r = 0.47, P = 0.04). As S100A9 was the highest ranked secreted protein, we hypothesized that S100A9 is a functional effector of infarct wall thinning. We exogenously administered S100A8/A9 at the time of MI to mice [C57BL/6J, male, 3-6 mo of age, n = 7 M (D1), and n = 5 M (D3)] and compared with saline vehicle control-treated mice [n = 6 M (D1) and n = 6 M (D3)] at MI days 1 and 3. At MI day 3, the S100A8/A9 group showed a 22% increase in the wall thinning index compared with saline (P = 0.02), along with higher dilation and lower ejection fraction. The decline in cardiac physiology occurred subsequent to increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration at MI day 1 and increased macrophage infiltration at D3. Our results reveal that S100A9 is a functional effector of infarct wall thinning.NEW & NOTEWORTHY S100A9 is a functional marker of infarct wall thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael J Daseke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jeffrey D Salomon
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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Corker A, Neff LS, Broughton P, Bradshaw AD, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Organized Chaos: Deciphering Immune Cell Heterogeneity's Role in Inflammation in the Heart. Biomolecules 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 35053159 PMCID: PMC8773626 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During homeostasis, immune cells perform daily housekeeping functions to maintain heart health by acting as sentinels for tissue damage and foreign particles. Resident immune cells compose 5% of the cellular population in healthy human ventricular tissue. In response to injury, there is an increase in inflammation within the heart due to the influx of immune cells. Some of the most common immune cells recruited to the heart are macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T-cells. In this review, we will discuss what is known about cardiac immune cell heterogeneity during homeostasis, how these cell populations change in response to a pathology such as myocardial infarction or pressure overload, and what stimuli are regulating these processes. In addition, we will summarize technologies used to evaluate cell heterogeneity in models of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Corker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.C.); (L.S.N.); (P.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Lily S. Neff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.C.); (L.S.N.); (P.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Philip Broughton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.C.); (L.S.N.); (P.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Amy D. Bradshaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.C.); (L.S.N.); (P.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Kristine Y. DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.C.); (L.S.N.); (P.B.); (A.D.B.)
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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