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Miguel AC, Aurora GH, Alejandro SP. Cardiosome-mediated protection in myocardial ischemia. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117374. [PMID: 37150341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosomes, exosomes released in cardiospheres by cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells, communicate locally and at a distance from different tissues, promoting beneficial cellular changes. For example, miRNAs have emerged as regulators of intercellular communication via transport by extracellular vesicles in general and cardiosomes specifically. Although cardiosomes are considered biomarkers owing to their immense biomedical application in various clinical fields, their role in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. This mini-review examines the experimental and clinical evidence for cardiosomes as non-invasive diagnostic, treatment and prognostic tools in acute myocardial infarction, the novelty of which is often lost in medical practice. In addition, we discuss the potential role of cardiosomes in physiologic mechanisms and cell signaling in cardiac conditioning strategies against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arroyo-Campuzano Miguel
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gil-Hernández Aurora
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Dang Y, Hua W, Zhang X, Sun H, Zhang Y, Yu B, Wang S, Zhang M, Kong Z, Pan D, Chen Y, Li S, Yuan L, Reinhardt JD, Lu X, Zheng Y. Anti-angiogenic effect of exo-LncRNA TUG1 in myocardial infarction and modulation by remote ischemic conditioning. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:1. [PMID: 36635484 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The successful use of exosomes in therapy after myocardial infarction depends on an improved understanding of their role in cardiac signaling and regulation. Here, we report that exosomes circulating after myocardial infarction (MI) carry LncRNA TUG1 which downregulates angiogenesis by disablement of the HIF-1α/VEGF-α axis and that this effect can be counterbalanced by remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). Rats with MI induced through left coronary artery ligation without (MI model) and with reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion I/R model) were randomized to RIC, or MI (I/R) or sham-operated (SO) control. Data from one cohort study and one randomized-controlled trial of humans with MI were also utilized, the former involving patients who had not received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the latter patients with PCI. Exosome concentrations did not differ between intervention groups (RIC vs. control) in rats (MI and I/R model) as well as humans (with and without PCI). However, MI and I/R exosomes attenuated HIF-1α, VEGF-α, and endothelial function. LncRNA TUG1 was increased in MI and I/R exosomes, but decreased in SO and RIC exosomes. HIF-1α expression was downregulated with MI and I/R exosomes but increased with RIC exosomes. Exosome inhibition suppressed HIF-1α upregulation through RIC exosomes. VEGF-α was identified as HIF-1α-regulated target gene. Knockdown of HIF-1α decreased VEGF-α, endothelial cell capability, and tube formation. Overexpression of HIF-1α exerted opposite effects. Transfection and co-transfection of 293 T cells with exosome-inhibitor GW4869 and HIF-1α inhibitor si-HIF-1α confirmed the exosomal-LncRNA TUG1/HIF-1α/VEGF-α pathway. LncRNA TUG1 is a potential therapeutic target after MI with or without reperfusion through PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Gastroenterological Rehabilitation, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Binbin Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shengrui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Gastroenterological Rehabilitation, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Gastroenterological Rehabilitation, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dijia Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shurui Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No. 122 Huanghezhong Road First Section, Chengdu, 610207, China. .,Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. .,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Luo Z, Hu X, Wu C, Chan J, Liu Z, Guo C, Zhu R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jin S, He S. Plasma exosomes generated by ischaemic preconditioning are cardioprotective in a rat heart failure model. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:29-38. [PMID: 36347723 PMCID: PMC9875906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes released into the plasma after brief cardiac ischaemia mediate subsequent cardioprotection. Whether donor exosomes can provide cardioprotection to recipients with chronic heart failure, which confers the highest perioperative risk, is unknown. We examined whether ischaemic preconditioning (IPC)-induced plasma exosomes exerted cardioprotection after their transfer from normal donors to post-infarcted failing hearts. METHODS Plasma exosomes were obtained from adult rats after IPC or sham. An exosome inhibitor GW4869 was administrated before IPC in an in vivo model of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in normal rats. The IPC exosomes or control exosomes from normal donor rats were perfused to the normal or post-infarcted failing rat hearts before ischaemia in Langendorff perfusion experiments. Infarct size, cardiac enzymes, cardiac function, and pro-survival kinases were quantified. RESULTS The IPC stimulus increased the release of exosomes, whereas GW4869 inhibited the rise of plasma exosomes. Pre-treatment with GW4869 reversed IPC-mediated cardioprotection against in vivo I/R injury. In the Langendorff perfusion experiments, IPC exosomes from normal donor rats reduced mean infarct size from 41.05 (1.87)% to 31.43 (1.81)% and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the post-infarcted failing rat hearts. IPC exosomes but not control exosomes activated pro-survival kinases in the heart tissues. CONCLUSIONS Ischaemic preconditioning-induced exosomes from normal rats can restore cardioprotection in heart failure after myocardial infarction, which is associated with activation of pro-survival protein kinases. These results suggest a potential perioperative therapeutic role for ischaemic preconditioning-induced exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinzhong Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengxiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyun Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shufang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Silva-Palacios A, Arroyo-Campuzano M, Flores-García M, Patlán M, Hernández-Díazcouder A, Alcántara D, Ramírez-Camacho I, Arana-Hidalgo D, Soria-Castro E, Sánchez F, González-Pacheco H, Zazueta C. Citicoline Modifies the Expression of Specific miRNAs Related to Cardioprotection in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Subjected to Coronary Angioplasty. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080925. [PMID: 36015073 PMCID: PMC9413952 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are recognized as signaling mediators between cells both in physiological and pathological communication. In this work, we explored the potential effect of citicoline to modify relevant proteins or miRNAs for cardioprotection in the smallest population of such microvesicles; i.e., in exosomes from patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing coronary angioplasty. The plasma-exosome-enriched fraction from these patients was characterized. Their cellular origin was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot, whereas miRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The content of caveolin-1, caveolin-3, and hnRNPA2B1, which play a relevant role in selective transport of miRNAs into microvesicles, along with the effect on cell viability of the exosomes obtained from citicoline-treated and untreated groups were also analyzed. Our results showed that hypoxic stress increases exosome release into the circulation. Moreover, we found that CD146+ increased in exosomes from citicoline-treated patients, while CD142+ decreased in these patients compared to the placebo group. No changes were detected in the protein levels of caveolin-1, caveolin-3, and hnRNPA2B1. Citicoline administration modified the expression of miR233-3p, miR92, and miR21-5p in exosomes. Cell viability decreased in the presence of exosomes from infarcted patients, while incubation of H9c2 cells with exosomes from patients reperfused with citicoline did not affect cell viability. In conclusion, citicoline administration modifies the expression of specific miRNAs related to cardioprotection in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Miguel Arroyo-Campuzano
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Mirthala Flores-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Patlán
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica y Tecnológica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.H.-D.); (F.S.)
| | - Diego Alcántara
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Dana Arana-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.H.-D.); (F.S.)
| | - Héctor González-Pacheco
- Unidad Coronaria, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección XVI, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (D.A.); (I.R.-C.); (D.A.-H.); (E.S.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang L, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang L. Roles and Applications of Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115927. [PMID: 35682606 PMCID: PMC9180222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) are vesicles naturally produced by red blood cells and play multiple roles such as acting as cell-to-cell communication messengers in both normal physiological and diseased states. RBCEVs are highly promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents such as biomolecules and nucleic acids as they are easy to source, safe, and versatile. RBCEVs autonomously target the liver and pass the blood-brain barrier into the brain, which is highly valuable for the treatment of liver and brain diseases. RBCEVs can be modified by various functional units, including various functional molecules and nanoparticles, to improve their active targeting capabilities for tumors or other sites. Moreover, the RBCEV level is significantly shifted in many diseased states; hence, they can also serve as important biomarkers for disease diagnoses. It is clear that RBCEVs have considerable potential in multiple medical applications. In this review, we briefly introduce the biological roles of RBCEVs, presented interesting advances in RBCEV applications, and discuss several challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Y.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Y.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Y.); (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Med-X Center for Materials, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Ling Zhang
- Med-X Center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence:
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Silva-Palacios A. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiac-Conditioning Strategies against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 34832998 PMCID: PMC8620839 DOI: 10.3390/life11111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central target of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotective strategies, which consist of either the application of brief intermittent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles or the administration of pharmacological agents. Such strategies reduce cardiac I/R injury by activating protective signaling pathways that prevent the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduce apoptosis, maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Cardioprotection also involves the activation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, which replace defective mitochondria or eliminate mitochondrial debris, preserving the structure and function of the network of these organelles, and consequently ensuring homeostasis and survival of cardiomyocytes. Such processes include mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial-controlled cell death. This review updates recent advances in MQC mechanisms that are activated in the protection conferred by different cardiac conditioning interventions. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial protection and turnover of these organelles will be discussed. It is concluded that modulation of MQC mechanisms and recognition of mitochondrial targets could provide a potential and selective therapeutic approach for I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Reddel CJ, Pennings GJ, Lau JK, Chen VM, Kritharides L. Circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are decreased after remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with coronary disease: A randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2605-2611. [PMID: 34196106 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief nonharmful ischemia, remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been proposed to confer benefit to patients with coronary artery disease via unknown mechanisms. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of RIPC on circulating levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and global coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in patients with coronary disease. PATIENTS/METHODS Blood samples were taken from 60 patients presenting for coronary angiography enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial before and after RIPC (3 × 5 min administration of 200 mmHg sphygmomanometer on the arm, n = 31) or sham (n = 29) treatment. Most patients (n = 48) had significant coronary artery disease and all were taking at least one antiplatelet agent. RESULTS Remote ischemic preconditioning significantly decreased circulating levels of EVs expressing platelet markers CD41 and CD61 detected by flow cytometry in plasma, whereas no such effect was found on EVs expressing phosphatidylserine, CD62P, CD45, CD11b, CD144, CD31+ /CD41- , or CD235a. RIPC had no effect on the overall hemostatic potential assay or circulating antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, or plasminogen. Sham treatment had no effect on any studied parameter. Statin use inhibited the effect of RIPC on CD61+ EVs, diabetes modified the effect of RIPC on CD45+ and CD11b+ EVs, and hypertension modified the effect of RIPC on CD235a+ EVs. CONCLUSIONS Remote ischemic preconditioning decreased circulating levels of platelet-derived EVs in patients with coronary disease taking conventional antiplatelet therapy. This may reflect increased EV clearance/uptake or change in production. Clinical variables may alter the effectiveness of RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Reddel
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Pennings
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerrett K Lau
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivien M Chen
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Hematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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8
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Yan Y, Gu T, Christensen SDK, Su J, Lassen TR, Hjortbak MV, Lo IJ, Venø ST, Tóth AE, Song P, Nielsen MS, Bøtker HE, Blagoev B, Drasbek KR, Kjems J. Cyclic Hypoxia Conditioning Alters the Content of Myoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Enhances Their Cell-Protective Functions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091211. [PMID: 34572398 PMCID: PMC8471008 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a procedure that can attenuate ischemic-reperfusion injury by conducting brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in the arm or leg. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the bloodstream can release their content into recipient cells to confer protective function on ischemia-reperfusion injured (IRI) organs. Skeletal muscle cells are potential candidates to release EVs as a protective signal during RIC. In this study, we used C2C12 cells as a model system and performed cyclic hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) to mimic RIC. EVs were collected and subjected to small RNA profiling and proteomics. HR induced a distinct shift in the miRNA profile and protein content in EVs. HR EV treatment restored cell viability, dampened inflammation, and enhanced tube formation in in vitro assays. In vivo, HR EVs showed increased accumulation in the ischemic brain compared to EVs secreted from normoxic culture (N EVs) in a mouse undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We conclude that HR conditioning changes the miRNA and protein profile in EVs released by C2C12 cells and enhances the protective signal in the EVs to recipient cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
- Omiics ApS, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tingting Gu
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.G.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Stine Duelund Kaas Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.D.K.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - IJu Lo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Andrea Erzsebet Tóth
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Ping Song
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.D.K.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Kim Ryun Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.G.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-289-920-86
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Remote ischemic preconditioning improves tissue oxygenation in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage without fluid resuscitation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10808. [PMID: 34031524 PMCID: PMC8144617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) involves deliberate, brief interruptions of blood flow to increase the tolerance of distant critical organs to ischemia. This study tests the effects of limb RIPC in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage without replacement therapy simulating an extreme field situation of delayed evacuation to definitive care. Twenty-eight pigs (47 ± 6 kg) were assigned to: (1) control, no procedure (n = 7); (2) HS = hemorrhagic shock (n = 13); and (3) RIPC + HS = remote ischemic preconditioning followed by hemorrhage (n = 8). The animals were observed for 7 h after bleeding without fluid replacement. Survival rate between animals of the RIPC + HS group and those of the HS group were similar (HS, 6 of 13[46%]-vs-RIPC + HS, 4 of 8[50%], p = 0.86 by Chi-square). Animals of the RIPC + HS group had faster recovery of mean arterial pressure and developed higher heart rates without complications. They also had less decrease in pH and bicarbonate, and the increase in lactate began later. Global oxygen delivery was higher, and tissue oxygen extraction ratio lower, in RIPC + HS animals. These improvements after RIPC in hemodynamic and metabolic status provide essential substrates for improved cellular response after hemorrhage and reduction of the likelihood of potentially catastrophic consequences of the accompanying ischemia.
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Alfì E, Thairi C, Femminò S, Alloatti G, Moccia F, Brizzi MF, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ischemic conditioning and angiogenesis: Focus on endothelial derived EVs. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106873. [PMID: 33992781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. However, reperfusion further exacerbates the damage of the ischemic heart. This type of injury is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ischemic conditioning is a procedure which consists of brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in order to protect the myocardium against IRI. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), namely transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent damaging ischemia/reperfusion procedure of the target organ (e.g., the heart), protects against IRI. However, how the stimulus of RIC is transduced from the remote organ to the ischemic heart is still unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to have a role in the RIC procedure. The endothelium releases EVs and is also one of the tissues mostly exposed to EVs during their journey to the target organ. Moreover, EVs may have important roles in angiogenesis and, therefore, in the remodeling of post-ischemic organs. Here we analyze how EVs may contribute to the overall cardioprotective effect and the implication of the endothelium and its EVs in RIC mediated acute cardioprotection as well as in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Uni-Astiss, Polo Universitario Rita Levi Montalcini, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Laboratory of General Physiology, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
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11
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Lassen TR, Just J, Hjortbak MV, Jespersen NR, Stenz KT, Gu T, Yan Y, Su J, Hansen J, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Nyengaard JR, Kristiansen SB, Drasbek KR, Kjems J, Bøtker HE. Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning is transferable by plasma and mediated by extracellular vesicles. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:16. [PMID: 33689033 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) by brief periods of limb ischemia and reperfusion protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We studied the cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles (EV)s released into the circulation after RIC and EV accumulation in injured myocardium. METHODS We used plasma from healthy human volunteers before and after RIC (pre-PLA and post-PLA) to evaluate the transferability of RIC. Pre- and post-RIC plasma samples were separated into an EV enriched fraction (pre-EV + and post-EV +) and an EV poor fraction (pre-EV- and post-EV-) by size exclusion chromatography. Small non-coding RNAs from pre-EV + and post-EV + were purified and profiled by NanoString Technology. Infarct size was compared in Sprague-Dawley rat hearts perfused with isolated plasma and fractions in a Langendorff model. In addition, fluorescently labeled EVs were used to assess homing in an in vivo rat model. (ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT03380663) RESULTS: Post-PLA reduced infarct size by 15% points compared with Pre-PLA (55 ± 4% (n = 7) vs 70 ± 6% (n = 8), p = 0.03). Post-EV + reduced infarct size by 16% points compared with pre-EV + (53 ± 15% (n = 13) vs 68 ± 12% (n = 14), p = 0.03). Post-EV- did not affect infarct size compared to pre-EV- (64 ± 3% (n = 15) and 68 ± 10% (n = 16), p > 0.99). Three miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-451a) that target the mTOR pathway were significantly up-regulated in the post-EV + group. Labelled EVs accumulated more intensely in the infarct area than in sham hearts. CONCLUSION Cardioprotection by RIC can be mediated by circulating EVs that accumulate in injured myocardium. The underlying mechanism involves modulation of EV miRNA that may promote cell survival during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Just
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Tang Stenz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Ryun Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Changes in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Potential Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070218. [PMID: 32708657 PMCID: PMC7400268 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a cellular communication tool with cardioprotective properties; however, it is unknown whether cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) involves EVs. (2) Methods: We randomized patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to additionally receive a protocol of RIC or a sham-intervention. Blood was taken before and immediately, 24 h, four days and one month after PCI. Additionally, we investigated EVs from healthy volunteers undergoing RIC. EVs were characterized by a high-sensitive flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter Cytoflex S, Krefeld, Germany). (3) Results: We analyzed 32 patients (16 RIC, 16 control) and five healthy volunteers. We investigated platelet-, endothelial-, leukocyte-, monocyte- and granulocyte-derived EVs and their pro-thrombotic sub-populations expressing superficial phosphatidylserine (PS+). We did not observe a significant effect of RIC on the numbers of circulating EVs, although granulocyte-derived EVs were significantly higher in the RIC group. In line, RIC had not impact on EVs in healthy volunteers. Additionally, we observed changes of PS+/PEV, EEVs and PS+/CD15+ EVs irrespective of RIC with time following STEMI. 4) Conclusion: We provide further insights into the course of different circulating EVs during the acute and sub-acute phases of STEMI. With respect to the investigated EV populations, RIC seems to have no effect, with only minor differences found for granulocyte EVs.
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13
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Abel F, Murke F, Gaida M, Garnier N, Ochsenfarth C, Theiss C, Thielmann M, Kleinbongard P, Giebel B, Peters J, Frey UH. Extracellular vesicles isolated from patients undergoing remote ischemic preconditioning decrease hypoxia-evoked apoptosis of cardiomyoblasts after isoflurane but not propofol exposure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228948. [PMID: 32059016 PMCID: PMC7021285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can evoke cardioprotection following ischemia/reperfusion and this may depend on the anesthetic used. We tested whether 1) extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from humans undergoing RIPC protect cardiomyoblasts against hypoxia-induced apoptosis and 2) this effect is altered by cardiomyoblast exposure to isoflurane or propofol. EVs were isolated before and 60 min after RIPC or Sham from ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with isoflurane anesthesia and quantified by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Following EV-treatment for 6 hours under exposure of isoflurane or propofol, rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were cultured for 18 hours in normoxic or hypoxic atmospheres. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Serum nanoparticle concentrations in patients had increased sixty minutes after RIPC compared to Sham (2.5x1011±4.9x1010 nanoparticles/ml; Sham: 1.2x1011±2.0x1010; p = 0.04). Hypoxia increased apoptosis of H9c2 cells (hypoxia: 8.4%±0.6; normoxia: 2.5%±0.1; p<0.0001). RIPC-EVs decreased H9c2 cell apoptosis compared to control (apoptotic ratio: 0.83; p = 0.0429) while Sham-EVs showed no protection (apoptotic ratio: 0.97). Prior isoflurane exposure in vitro even increased protection (RIPC-EVs/control, apoptotic ratio: 0.79; p = 0.0035; Sham-EVs/control, apoptotic ratio:1.04) while propofol (50μM) abrogated protection by RIPC-EVs (RIPC-EVs/control, Apoptotic ratio: 1.01; Sham-EVs/control, apoptotic ratio: 0.94; p = 0.602). Thus, EVs isolated from patients undergoing RIPC under isoflurane anesthesia protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against hypoxia-evoked apoptosis and this effect is abrogated by propofol. This supports a role of human RIPC-generated EVs in cardioprotection and underlines propofol as a possible confounder in RIPC-signaling mediated by EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Abel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Morten Gaida
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Crista Ochsenfarth
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institut für Anatomie, Abteilung für Cytologie, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen & Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Scola L, Giarratana RM, Torre S, Argano V, Lio D, Balistreri CR. On the Road to Accurate Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Diseases by Integrating Precision and Gender Medicine Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6015. [PMID: 31795333 PMCID: PMC6929083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to facilitate the complex management of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) has led to the detection of many biomarkers, however, there are no clear explanations of their role in the prevention, diagnosis or prognosis of these diseases. Molecules associated with disease pathways represent valid disease surrogates and well-fitted CMD biomarkers. To address this challenge, data from multi-omics types (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and nutrigenomics), from human and animal models, have become available. However, individual omics types only provide data on a small part of molecules involved in the complex CMD mechanisms, whereas, here, we propose that their integration leads to multidimensional data. Such data provide a better understanding of molecules related to CMD mechanisms and, consequently, increase the possibility of identifying well-fitted biomarkers. In addition, the application of gender medicine also helps to identify accurate biomarkers according to gender, facilitating a differential CMD management. Accordingly, the impact of gender differences in CMD pathophysiology has been widely demonstrated, where gender is referred to the complex interrelation and integration of sex (as a biological and functional marker of the human body) and psychological and cultural behavior (due to ethnical, social, and religious background). In this review, all these aspects are described and discussed, as well as potential limitations and future directions in this incipient field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Scola
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Salvatore Torre
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Argano
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (D.L.)
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15
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Caccioppo A, Franchin L, Grosso A, Angelini F, D'Ascenzo F, Brizzi MF. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Mechanisms of Damage/Protection and Novel Strategies for Cardiac Recovery/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5024. [PMID: 31614414 PMCID: PMC6834134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases in an aging population pose a heavy social encumbrance. Moreover, current therapeutic approaches, which aimed to prevent or minimize ischemia-induced damage, are associated with relevant costs for healthcare systems. Early reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has undoubtedly improved patient's outcomes; however, the prevention of long-term complications is still an unmet need. To face these hurdles and improve patient's outcomes, novel pharmacological and interventional approaches, alone or in combination, reducing myocardium oxygen consumption or supplying blood flow via collateral vessels have been proposed. A number of clinical trials are ongoing to validate their efficacy on patient's outcomes. Alternative options, including stem cell-based therapies, have been evaluated to improve cardiac regeneration and prevent scar formation. However, due to the lack of long-term engraftment, more recently, great attention has been devoted to their paracrine mediators, including exosomes (Exo) and microvesicles (MV). Indeed, Exo and MV are both currently considered to be one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. As a matter of fact, MV and Exo that are released from stem cells of different origin have been evaluated for their healing properties in ischemia reperfusion (I/R) settings. Therefore, this review will first summarize mechanisms of cardiac damage and protection after I/R damage to track the paths through which more appropriate interventional and/or molecular-based targeted therapies should be addressed. Moreover, it will provide insights on novel non-invasive/invasive interventional strategies and on Exo-based therapies as a challenge for improving patient's long-term complications. Finally, approaches for improving Exo healing properties, and topics still unsolved to move towards Exo clinical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caccioppo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luca Franchin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Grosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.
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16
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Liu M, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Shang M, Liu M, Wu Y, Song J, Liu Y. Protective effects of circulating microvesicles derived from ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Apoptosis 2019; 23:436-448. [PMID: 29980896 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) have been shown to be involved in pathophysiology of ischemic heart diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here we investigated the effects of MVs derived from ischemic preconditioning (IPC-MVs) on myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Myocardial IPC model was elicited by three cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. IPC-MVs from the peripheral blood of the above animal model were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. IPC-MVs were administered intravenously (7 mg/kg) at 5 min before reperfusion procedure in I/R injury model which was induced by 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion of LAD in rats. We found that total IPC-MVs and different phenotypes, including platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), endothelial cell-derived MVs (EMVs), leucocyte-derived MVs and erythrocyte-derived MVs (RMVs) were all isolated which were identified membrane vesicles (< 1 µm) with corresponding antibody positive. The numbers of PMVs, EMVs and RMVs were significantly increased in circulation of IPC treated rats respectively. Additionally, treatment with IPC-MVs significantly alleviated damage of myocardium, and restored cardiac function of I/R injury rats, as evidenced by increased heart rate, and decreased the elevation of ST-segment. The size of myocardial infarction, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were also reduced significantly with IPC-MVs treatment, coincident with the above function amelioration. Moreover, IPC-MVs decreased the activity of caspase 3, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, GRP78, CHOP and caspase 12 indicating the involvement of ERS-specific apoptosis in I/R injury, and cardioprotective effects of IPC-MVs. In summary, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of IPC in which circulating IPC-MVs could protect hearts from I/R injury in rats through attenuation of ERS-induced apoptosis. These findings provide new insight into therapeutic potential of IPC-induced MVs in cardioprotection against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Personnel, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Industrial Park, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Man Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Minglin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yanna Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junqiu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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17
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Frey UH, Klaassen M, Ochsenfarth C, Murke F, Thielmann M, Kottenberg E, Kleinbongard P, Klenke S, Engler A, Heusch G, Giebel B, Peters J. Remote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum extracellular vesicle concentrations with altered micro-RNA signature in CABG patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2019; 63:483-492. [PMID: 30548252 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) can attenuate myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to mediate distant intercellular communication that may be involved in cardioprotection. We tested the hypothesis that RIPC in anaesthetized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery results in the release of EVs from the ischaemic/reperfused arm into the blood stream harbouring cardioprotective miRNAs. METHODS In 58 patients randomised to RIPC (three 5/5 minutes episodes of left arm ischaemia/reperfusion by suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflations/deflations) or Sham, a subprotocol comprising of parallel right radial artery and regional (left subclavian) venous blood sampling before (awake) and 5 and 60 minutes after RIPC/Sham during isoflurane/sufentanil anaesthesia could be completed. EVs were extracted by polymer-based precipitation methods, their concentrations measured, and their miRNA signature analysed. RESULTS Five minutes after RIPC, regional venous EV concentrations downstream from the cuff increased and arterial concentrations increased after 60 minutes (fold change [fc]: RIPC: 1.33 ± 0.5, Sham: 0.91 ± 0.31; P = 0.003 for interaction). Already 5 minutes after RIPC, expression of 26 miRNAs (threshold fc: 3.0, P < 0.05) isolated from EVs including the cardioprotective miR-21 had increased. RIPC also decreased postoperative Troponin I concentrations (AUC RIPC: 336 ng/mL × 72 hours ± 306 vs Sham: 713 ± 1013; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Remote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum EV concentrations, most likely by early EV release from the patients' left (RIPC) arm, alters their miRNA signature, and is associated with myocardial protection. Thus, an increased EV concentration with an altered miR-signature may mediate the RIPC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H. Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz‐ und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Marina Klaassen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Crista Ochsenfarth
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz‐ und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital Herne Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin Universitätsklinikum Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Klinik für Thorax‐ und kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Eva Kottenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz‐ und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Stefanie Klenke
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Andrea Engler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz‐ und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin Universitätsklinikum Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Essen Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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WANG WENTING, LI ZIJIAN, FENG JUAN. The potential role of exosomes in the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic diseases. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1204-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Corcoran D, Young R, Cialdella P, McCartney P, Bajrangee A, Hennigan B, Collison D, Carrick D, Shaukat A, Good R, Watkins S, McEntegart M, Watt J, Welsh P, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Oldroyd KG, Berry C. The effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning on coronary artery function in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2018; 252:24-30. [PMID: 29249435 PMCID: PMC5761717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a cardioprotective intervention invoking intermittent periods of ischaemia in a tissue or organ remote from the heart. The mechanisms of this effect are incompletely understood. We hypothesised that RIPC might enhance coronary vasodilatation by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. Methods We performed a prospective, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded clinical trial. Patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective invasive management were prospectively enrolled, and randomised to RIPC or sham (1:1) prior to angiography. Endothelial-dependent vasodilator function was assessed in a non-target coronary artery with intracoronary infusion of incremental acetylcholine doses (10− 6, 10− 5, 10− 4 mol/l). Venous blood was sampled pre- and post-RIPC or sham, and analysed for circulating markers of endothelial function. Coronary luminal diameter was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the mean percentage change in coronary luminal diameter following the maximal acetylcholine dose (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02666235). Results 75 patients were enrolled. Following angiography, 60 patients (mean ± SD age 57.5 ± 8.5 years; 80% male) were eligible and completed the protocol (n = 30 RIPC, n = 30 sham). The mean percentage change in coronary luminal diameter was − 13.3 ± 22.3% and − 2.0 ± 17.2% in the sham and RIPC groups respectively (difference 11.32%, 95%CI: 1.2– 21.4, p = 0.032). This remained significant when age and sex were included as covariates (difference 11.01%, 95%CI: 1.01– 21.0, p = 0.035). There were no between-group differences in endothelial-independent vasodilation, ECG parameters or circulating markers of endothelial function. Conclusions RIPC attenuates the extent of vasoconstriction induced by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. This endothelium-dependent mechanism may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corcoran
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK; West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - R Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - P Cialdella
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - P McCartney
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK; West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A Bajrangee
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - B Hennigan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK; West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - D Collison
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - D Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - R Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - S Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - M McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - J Watt
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - P Welsh
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - N Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - K G Oldroyd
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - C Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK; West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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20
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Liang D, He X, Wang Z, Li C, Gao B, Wu J, Bai Y. Remote limb ischemic postconditioning promotes motor function recovery in a rat model of ischemic stroke via the up-regulation of endogenous tissue kallikrein. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:519-527. [PMID: 29399973 PMCID: PMC6489769 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Remote ischemic conditionings, such as pre- and per-conditioning, are known to provide cardioprotection in animal models of ischemia. However, little is known about the neuroprotection effect of postconditioning after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we aim to evaluate the motor function rescuing effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) in a rat model of acute cerebral stroke. METHODS Left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to generate the rat model of ischemic stroke, followed by daily RIPostC treatment for maximum 21 days. The motor function after RIPostC was assessed with foot fault test and balance beam test. Local infarct volume was measured through MRI scanning. Neuronal status was evaluated with Nissl's, HE, and MAP2 immunostaining. Lectin immunostaining was performed to evaluate the microvessel density and area. RESULTS Daily RIPostC for more than 21 days promoted motor function recovery and provided long-lasting neuroprotection after MCAO. Reduced infarct volume, rescued neuronal loss, and enhanced microvessel density and size in the injured areas were observed. In addition, the RIPostC effect was associated with the up-regulation of endogenous tissue kallikrein (TK) level in circulating blood and local ischemic brain regions. A TK receptor antagonist HOE-140 partially reversed RIPostC-induced improvements, indicating the specificity of endogenous TK mediating the neuroprotection effect of RIPostC. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates RIPostC treatment as an effective rehabilitation therapy to provide motor function recovery and alleviate brain impairment in a rat model of acute cerebral ischemia. We also for the first time provide evidence showing that the up-regulation of endogenous TK from remote conditioning regions underlies the observed effects of RIPostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xi‐Biao He
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of NeurologyHuashan HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bei‐Yao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Fa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Long Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Exosomes and cardioprotection - A critical analysis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 60:104-114. [PMID: 29122678 PMCID: PMC5861305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles released by numerous cell types that appear to have diverse beneficial effects on the injured heart. Studies using exosomes from stem cells or from the blood have indicated that they are able to protect the heart both in models of acute ischaemia and reperfusion, and during chronic ischaemia. In addition to decreasing initial infarct size, they are able to stimulate angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis and remodelling, alter immune cell function and improve long-term cardiac contractile function. However, since the technology and techniques used for the study of exosomes is relatively immature and continually evolving, there remain many important caveats to the interpretation of studies. This review presents a critical analysis of the field of exosomes and cardioprotection. We analyse the effects of exosomes from all types of stem cells investigated to date, summarize the major effects observed and their potential mechanism, and offer our perspective on the major outstanding issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, United Kingdom.
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, United Kingdom.
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Chen Y, Li G, Liu ML. Microvesicles as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Diseases. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:50-62. [PMID: 29462670 PMCID: PMC6000161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Berridge BR, Schultze AE, Heyen JR, Searfoss GH, Sarazan RD. Technological Advances in Cardiovascular Safety Assessment Decrease Preclinical Animal Use and Improve Clinical Relevance. ILAR J 2017; 57:120-132. [PMID: 28053066 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) safety liabilities are significant concerns for drug developers and preclinical animal studies are predominately where those liabilities are characterized before patient exposures. Steady progress in technology and laboratory capabilities is enabling a more refined and informative use of animals in those studies. The application of surgically implantable and telemetered instrumentation in the acute assessment of drug effects on CV function has significantly improved historical approaches that involved anesthetized or restrained animals. More chronically instrumented animals and application of common clinical imaging assessments like echocardiography and MRI extend functional and in-life structural assessments into the repeat-dose setting. A growing portfolio of circulating CV biomarkers is allowing longitudinal and repeated measures of cardiac and vascular injury and dysfunction better informing an understanding of temporal pathogenesis and allowing earlier detection of undesirable effects. In vitro modeling systems of the past were limited by their lack of biological relevance to the in vivo human condition. Advances in stem cell technology and more complex in vitro modeling platforms are quickly creating more opportunity to supplant animals in our earliest assessments for liabilities. Continuing improvement in our capabilities in both animal and nonanimal modeling should support a steady decrease in animal use for primary liability identification and optimize the translational relevance of the animal studies we continue to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Berridge
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - A Eric Schultze
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - Jon R Heyen
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - George H Searfoss
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
| | - R Dustan Sarazan
- Brian R. Berridge, DVM, PhD, is a Senior GSK Fellow and Head of Worldwide Animal Research Strategy at GlaxoSmithKline in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. A. Eric Schultze, DVM, PhD, is a Senior Research Advisor-Pathologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. Jon R. Heyen, MS, is a Senior Principal Scientist at Pfizer in La Jolla, California. George H. Searfoss, MS, is a Consultant Toxicologist at Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, Indiana. R. Dustan Sarazan, DVM, PhD, is a cardiovascular consultant currently residing in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
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Shantsila E, Montoro-García S, Gallego P, Lip GYH. Circulating microparticles: challenges and perspectives of flow cytometric assessment. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:1009-14. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryCirculating blood microparticles are likely to play a significant role as messengers of biological information. Their accurate quantification and characterisation is challenging and needs to be carefully designed with preferable usage of fresh minimally-processed blood samples. Utilisation of flow cytometers specifically designed for analysis of small-size particles is likely to provide considerable methodological advantages and should be the preferable option. This viewpoint manuscript provides a critical summary of the key methodological aspects of microparticle analysis.Note: The review process for this viewpoint article was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
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Davidson SM, Riquelme JA, Takov K, Vicencio JM, Boi-Doku C, Khoo V, Doreth C, Radenkovic D, Lavandero S, Yellon DM. Cardioprotection mediated by exosomes is impaired in the setting of type II diabetes but can be rescued by the use of non-diabetic exosomes in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:141-151. [PMID: 28840975 PMCID: PMC5742744 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with ischaemic heart disease also have diabetes. As myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients, treatments that increase cell survival in response to ischaemia and reperfusion are needed. Exosomes—nano‐sized, lipid vesicles released from cells—can protect the hearts of non‐diabetic rats. We previously showed that exosomal HSP70 activates a cardioprotective signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes culminating in ERK1/2 and HSP27 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated whether the exosomal cardioprotective pathway remains intact in the setting of type II diabetes. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation from non‐diabetic and type II diabetic patients, from non‐diabetic and Goto Kakizaki type II diabetic rats, and from normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic endothelial cells. Exosome size and number were not significantly altered by diabetes. CD81 and HSP70 exosome markers were increased in diabetic rat exosomes. However, exosomes from diabetic rats no longer activated the ERK1/2 and HSP27 cardioprotective pathway and were no longer protective in a primary rat cardiomyocytes model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury. Hyperglycaemic culture conditions were sufficient to impair protection by endothelial exosomes. Importantly, however, exosomes from non‐diabetic rats retained the ability to protect cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats. Exosomes from diabetic plasma have lost the ability to protect cardiomyocytes, but protection can be restored with exosomes from non‐diabetic plasma. These results support the concept that exosomes may be used to protect cardiomyocytes against ischaemia and reperfusion injury, even in the setting of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claire Boi-Doku
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Khoo
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Doreth
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Wang Y, Wei S, Wang YL, Liu M, Shang M, Zhang Q, Wu YN, Liu ML, Song JQ, Liu YX. Protective effects of circulating microvesicles derived from myocardial ischemic rats on apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54572-54582. [PMID: 28903365 PMCID: PMC5589604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of circulating microvesicles derived from myocardial ischemia (I-MVs) on apoptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods I-MVs from rats undergoing myocardial left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation were isolated by ultracentrifugation from circulating blood and characterized by flow cytometry. I-MVs were administered intravenously (4.8 mg/kg) at 5 min before reperfusion procedure in I/R injury model which was induced by 30-min of ischemia and 120-min of reperfusion of LAD in rats. Results Treatment with I-MVssignificantly reduced the size of myocardial infarction, the activities of serum CK-MB and LDH, and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. The activities of caspase 3, caspase 9 and caspase 12 in myocardium were also decreased significantly with I-MVs treatment. Moreover, the expression of Bax was decreased but Bcl-2 was increased. The expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and phosphorylated phospholamban (p-PLB) were increased after being treated with I-MVs. Conclusion I-MVs could protect hearts from I/R injury in rats through SERCA2 and p-PLB of calcium regulatory proteins to alleviate intrinsic myocardial apoptosis including mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Su Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi-Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Man Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yan-Na Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jun-Qiu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan-Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Zhou M, Lu S, Lu G, Huang J, Liu L, An S, Li Z, Shen H. Effects of remote ischemic post‑conditioning on fracture healing in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3186-3192. [PMID: 28339014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic post‑conditioning (RIPC) is an established method to activate the hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) pathway, which is involved in the impairment of fracture healing. However, the role of RIPC in fracture healing remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, rats received fractures and were divided into two groups: Control and RIPC, in which hind limb occlusion was performed. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days subsequent to tibial fracture. Micro‑computed tomography was performed to measure healing of the bone tissue and biomechanical testing was used to test mechanical strength. In addition, the effects of hind limb occlusion on the expression of two primary angiogenic mediators, HIF‑1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as the osteoblast markers runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), were determined at the mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Systemic administration of hind limb occlusion (3 cycles/day, with each occlusion or release phase lasting 10 min) significantly promoted fracture healing and mechanical strength. The present study demonstrated that in rats treated with hind limb occlusion, the expression of HIF‑1α, VEGF, Runx2, ALP and OCN was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels, and that RIPC enhances fracture repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Lu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning and its signal transduction. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:159-181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Osteikoetxea X, Németh A, Sódar BW, Vukman KV, Buzás EI. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: are they Jedi or Sith? J Physiol 2016; 594:2881-94. [PMID: 26872404 DOI: 10.1113/jp271336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, extracellular vesicles have become recognized as important players in cell biology and biomedicine. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed structures found to be secreted by most if not all cells. Extracellular vesicle secretion represents a universal and highly conserved active cellular function. Importantly, increasing evidence supports that extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets or tools in human diseases. Cardiovascular disease undoubtedly represents one of the most intensely studied and rapidly growing areas of the extracellular vesicle field. However, in different studies related to cardiovascular disease, extracellular vesicles have been shown to exert diverse and sometimes discordant biological effects. Therefore, it might seem a puzzle whether these vesicles are in fact beneficial or detrimental to cardiovascular health. In this review we provide a general introduction to extracellular vesicles and an overview of their biological roles in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we aim to untangle the various reasons for the observed discrepancy in biological effects of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. To this end, we provide several examples that demonstrate that the observed functional diversity is in fact due to inherent differences among various types of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara W Sódar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Das S, Halushka MK. Extracellular vesicle microRNA transfer in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:199-206. [PMID: 25958013 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that decrease protein translation to fine-tune cellular function. Recently, miRNAs were found to transfer from a donor cell into a recipient cell via exosomes and microparticles. These microvesicles are found in blood, urine, saliva, and other fluid compartments. miRNAs are delivered with intact functionality and have been repeatedly shown to regulate protein expression in recipient cells in a paracrine fashion. Thus, transported miRNAs are a new class of cell-to-cell regulatory species. Exosomal miRNA transfer is now being reported in cardiovascular systems and disease. In the blood vessels, this transfer modulates atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. In the heart, it modulates heart failure, myocardial infarction, and response to ischemic preconditioning. This review describes our current understanding of extracellular vesicle miRNA transfer, demonstrating the roles of miR-126, miR-146a, miR-143, and other miRNAs being shuttled from endothelial cells, stem cells, fibroblasts and others into myocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to activate cellular changes and modulate disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjit Das
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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França CN, Izar MCDO, Amaral JBD, Tegani DM, Fonseca FAH. Microparticles as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 104:169-74. [PMID: 25626759 PMCID: PMC4375661 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is a choice of great relevance because
of its impact on health. Some biomarkers, such as microparticles derived from
different cell populations, have been considered useful in the assessment of
cardiovascular disease. Microparticles are released by the membrane structures of
different cell types upon activation or apoptosis, and are present in the plasma of
healthy individuals (in levels considered physiological) and in patients with
different pathologies. Many studies have suggested an association between
microparticles and different pathological conditions, mainly the relationship with
the development of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the effects of different
lipid-lowering therapies have been described in regard to measurement of
microparticles. The studies are still controversial regarding the levels of
microparticles that can be considered pathological. In addition, the methodologies
used still vary, suggesting the need for standardization of the different protocols
applied, aiming at using microparticles as biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Ailawadi S, Wang X, Gu H, Fan GC. Pathologic function and therapeutic potential of exosomes in cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:1-11. [PMID: 25463630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The heart is a very complex conglomeration of organized interactions between various different cell types that all aid in facilitating myocardial function through contractility, sufficient perfusion, and cell-to-cell reception. In order to make sure that all features of the heart work effectively, it is imperative to have a well-controlled communication system among the different types of cells. One of the most important ways that the heart regulates itself is by the use of extracellular vesicles, more specifically, exosomes. Exosomes are types of nano-vesicles, naturally released from living cells. They are believed to play a critical role in intercellular communication through the means of certain mechanisms including direct cell-to-cell contact, long-range signals as well as electrical and extracellular chemical molecules. Exosomes contain many unique features like surface proteins/receptors, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors and other proteins. Recent studies indicate that the exosomal contents are highly regulated by various stress and disease conditions, in turn reflective of the parent cell status. At present, exosomes are well appreciated to be involved in the process of tumor and infection disease. However, the research on cardiac exosomes is just emerging. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the pathologic effects of exosomes on cardiac remodeling under stress and disease conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. In addition, the cardio-protective effects of stress-preconditioned exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes are also summarized. Finally, we discuss how to epigenetically reprogram exosome contents in host cells which makes them beneficial for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Ailawadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Morel O, Abbas M, Schini-Kerth V. Letter by Morel et al regarding article, "Ischemic postconditioning during primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the effects of postconditioning on myocardial reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (POST) randomized trial. Circulation 2014; 130:e53. [PMID: 25092285 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Morel
- Pôle d'Activité Médico-Chirurgicale Cardiovasculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Malak Abbas
- Laboratoire Génomique et Santé, Plateforme de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- CNRS UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Przyklenk K. Role of extracellular vesicles in remote ischemic preconditioning: ‘Good things come in small packages’? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 69:83-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles released from cells. They are capable of transferring proteins, mRNA, and miRNA between cells and, therefore, represent a potential means of intercellular communication. Exosomes can be proangiogenic and may have cardioprotective properties. In contrast, their larger cousins, microvesicles, seem to have generally detrimental effects that are prothrombotic and proinflammatory. Exosomes are released from multivesicular bodies via an exocytic pathway and have the potential for cell-specific targeting. This normal process is hijacked during various pathological conditions, such as cancer, viral infection, and amyloidopathies. We assess the evidence for a role of exosomes and microvesicles in normal cardiovascular physiology, as well as during cardiovascular disease. In addition to offering a potential source of cardiovascular biomarkers, exosomes may offer a nonimmunogenic means of manipulating the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Yellon
- From Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sluijter JP, Verhage V, Deddens JC, van den Akker F, Doevendans PA. Microvesicles and exosomes for intracardiac communication. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:302-11. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Giricz Z, Varga ZV, Baranyai T, Sipos P, Pálóczi K, Kittel Á, Buzás EI, Ferdinandy P. Cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning of the rat heart is mediated by extracellular vesicles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 68:75-8. [PMID: 24440457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of the heart is exerted by brief ischemic insults affected on a remote organ or a remote area of the heart before a sustained cardiac ischemia. To date, little is known about the inter-organ transfer mechanisms of cardioprotection by RIPC. Exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles are vesicles of 30-100 nm and 100-1000 nm in diameter, respectively (collectively termed extracellular vesicles [EVs]). Their content of proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs, renders EV ideal conveyors of inter-organ communication. However, whether EVs are involved in RIPC, is unknown. Therefore, here we investigated whether (1) IPC induces release of EVs from the heart, and (2) EVs are necessary for cardioprotection by RIPC. Hearts of male Wistar rats were isolated and perfused in Langendorff mode. A group of donor hearts was exposed to 3 × 5-5 min global ischemia and reperfusion (IPC) or 30 min aerobic perfusion, while coronary perfusates were collected. Coronary perfusates of these hearts were given to another set of recipient isolated hearts. A group of recipient hearts received IPC effluent depleted of EVs by differential ultracentrifugation. Infarct size was determined after 30 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. The presence or absence of EVs in perfusates was confirmed by dynamic light scattering, the EV marker HSP60 Western blot, and electron microscopy. IPC markedly increased EV release from the heart as assessed by HSP60. Administration of coronary perfusate from IPC donor hearts attenuated infarct size in non-preconditioned recipient hearts (12.9 ± 1.6% vs. 25.0 ± 2.7%), similarly to cardioprotection afforded by IPC (7.3 ± 2.7% vs. 22.1 ± 2.9%) on the donor hearts. Perfusates of IPC hearts depleted of EVs failed to exert cardioprotection in recipient hearts (22.0 ± 2.3%). This is the first demonstration that EVs released from the heart after IPC are necessary for cardioprotection by RIPC, evidencing the importance of vesicular transfer mechanisms in remote cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Prunier F, Angoulvant D, Saint Etienne C, Vermes E, Gilard M, Piot C, Roubille F, Elbaz M, Ovize M, Bière L, Jeanneteau J, Delépine S, Benard T, Abi-Khalil W, Furber A. The RIPOST-MI study, assessing remote ischemic perconditioning alone or in combination with local ischemic postconditioning in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:400. [PMID: 24407359 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local ischemic postconditioning (IPost) and remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) are promising cardioprotective therapies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed: (1) to investigate whether RIPer initiated at the catheterization laboratory would reduce infarct size, as measured using serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) release as a surrogate marker; (2) to assess if the combination of RIPer and IPost would provide an additional reduction. Patients (n = 151) were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) control group, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) alone; (2) RIPer group, PTCA combined with RIPer, consisting of three cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an upper-arm blood-pressure cuff initiated before reperfusion; (3) RIPer+IPost group, PTCA combined with RIPer and IPost, consisting of four cycles of 1-min inflation and 1-min deflation of the angioplasty balloon. The CK-MB area under the curve (AUC) over 72 h was reduced in RIPer, and RIPer+IPost groups, by 31 and 29 %, respectively, compared to the Control group; however, CK-MB AUC differences between the three groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.06). Peak CK-MB, CK-MB AUC to area at risk (AAR) ratio, and peak CK-MB level to AAR ratio were all significantly reduced in the RIPer and RIPer+IPost groups, compared to the Control group. On the contrary, none of these parameters was significantly different between RIPer+IPost and RIPer groups. To conclude, starting RIPer therapy immediately prior to revascularization was shown to reduce infarct size in STEMI patients, yet combining this therapy with an IPost strategy did not lead to further decrease in infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Prunier
- Service de Cardiologie, EA 3860, Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université Angers, CHU Angers, rue Haute de Reculée, 49045, Angers, France,
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Shan LY, Li JZ, Zu LY, Niu CG, Ferro A, Zhang YD, Zheng LM, Ji Y. Platelet-derived microparticles are implicated in remote ischemia conditioning in a rat model of cerebral infarction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:917-25. [PMID: 24267641 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Remote ischemic preconditioning protects against ischemic organ damage by giving short periods of subcritical ischemia to a remote organ. We tested the hypothesis that remote ischemic conditioning can attenuate cerebral stroke in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model by microparticles (MPs). METHODS AND RESULTS MPs were extracted from healthy rats that underwent hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion preconditioning (RIPC), and were transfused into rats that had undergone MCAO without RIPC. The transfusion resulted in an increase in platelet-derived MPs in blood and reduction in infarction area, confirmed by both 2-3-5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and magnetic resonance imaging, albeit to a lesser degree than RIPC itself. Behavioral tests (modified Neurological Severity Score [mNSS]) were calculated to judge the behavioral change. However, no significant difference was observed after MP transfusion in 24 h or the following consecutive 9 days. CONCLUSIONS RIPC induces an increase in MPs, and platelet-derived MPs may confer at least part of the remote protective effect against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Duan H, Luo Y, Hao H, Feng L, Zhang Y, Lu D, Xing S, Feng J, Yang D, Song L, Yan X. Soluble CD146 in cerebrospinal fluid of active multiple sclerosis. Neuroscience 2013; 235:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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