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Ullah A, Mostafa NM, Halim SA, Elhawary EA, Ali A, Bhatti R, Shareef U, Al Naeem W, Khalid A, Kashtoh H, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Phytoconstituents with cardioprotective properties: A pharmacological overview on their efficacy against myocardial infarction. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39023299 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered one of the most common cardiac diseases and major cause of death worldwide. The prevalence of MI and MI-associated mortality have been increasing in recent years due to poor lifestyle habits viz. residency, obesity, stress, and pollution. Synthetic drugs for the treatment of MI provide good chance of survival; however, the demand to search more safe, effective, and natural drugs is increasing. Plants provide fruitful sources for powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for prevention and/or treatment of MI. However, many plant extracts lack exact information about their possible dosage, toxicity and drug interactions which may hinder their usefulness as potential treatment options. Phytoconstituents play cardioprotective role by either acting as a prophylactic or adjuvant therapy to the concurrently used synthetic drugs to decrease the dosage or relief the side effects of such drugs. This review highlights the role of different herbal formulations, examples of plant extracts and types of several isolated phytoconstituents (phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids) in the prevention of MI with reported activities. Moreover, their possible mechanisms of action are also discussed to guide future research for the development of safer substitutes to manage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Saba Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ain Ali
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rohail Bhatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Usman Shareef
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waiel Al Naeem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Miller MR, Landrigan PJ, Arora M, Newby DE, Münzel T, Kovacic JC. Environmentally Not So Friendly: Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Wildfires: JACC Focus Seminar, Part 1. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2291-2307. [PMID: 38839204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are increasingly recognized as significant risk factors for adverse health outcomes. In particular, various forms of pollution and climate change are playing a growing role in promoting noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. Given recent trends, global warming and air pollution are now associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a vicious cycle, global warming increases the occurrence, size, and severity of wildfires, which are significant sources of airborne particulate matter. Exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with cardiovascular disease, and these effects are underpinned by mechanisms that include oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired cardiac function, and proatherosclerotic effects in the circulation. In the first part of a 2-part series on pollution and cardiovascular disease, this review provides an overview of the impact of global warming and air pollution, and because of recent events and emerging trends specific attention is paid to air pollution caused by wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Scientific Center of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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3
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Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Alzaabi A, Alkaabi A, Alseiari K, Alshamsi N, Nemmar A. Palliative effects of carnosol on lung-deposited pollutant particles-induced thrombogenicity and vascular injury in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1201. [PMID: 38775298 PMCID: PMC11110483 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of inhaled particulate air pollution perseveres even at lower concentrations than those of the existing air quality limit. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective measures against pollutant particles-induced vascular toxicity is warranted. Carnosol is a bioactive phenolic diterpene found in rosemary herb, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. However, its possible protective effect on the thrombotic and vascular injury induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has not been studied before. We assessed here the potential alleviating effect of carnosol (20 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally 1 h before intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of DEP (20 μg/mouse). Twenty-four hours after the administration of DEP, various parameters were assessed. Carnosol administration prevented the increase in the plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and tissue factor induced by DEP exposure. Carnosol inhibited DEP-induced prothrombotic effects in pial microvessels in vivo and platelet aggregation in vitro. The shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time induced by DEP was abated by carnosol administration. Carnosol inhibited the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α) and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin) in aortic tissue. Moreover, it averted the effects of DEP-induced increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, depletion of antioxidants and DNA damage in the aortic tissue. Likewise, carnosol prevented the decrease in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) caused by DEP. We conclude that carnosol alleviates DEP-induced thrombogenicity and vascular inflammation, oxidative damage, and DNA injury through Nrf2 and HO-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abdulrahman Alzaabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abdulrahman Alkaabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Khalifa Alseiari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Nasser Alshamsi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
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4
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Deng X, Ye Z, Duan J, Chen F, Zhi Y, Huang M, Huang M, Cheng W, Dou Y, Kuang Z, Huang Y, Bian G, Deng Z, Liu T, Lu L. Complete pathway elucidation and heterologous reconstitution of (+)-nootkatone biosynthesis from Alpinia oxyphylla. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:779-792. [PMID: 37933426 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Nootkatone is a natural sesquiterpene ketone widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. It is also regarded as one of the most valuable terpenes used commercially. However, plants contain trace amounts of (+)-nootkatone, and extraction from plants is insufficient to meet market demand. Alpinia oxyphylla is a well-known medicinal plant in China, and (+)-nootkatone is one of the main components within the fruits. By transcriptome mining and functional screening using a precursor-providing yeast chassis, the complete (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Alpinia oxyphylla was identified. A (+)-valencene synthase (AoVS) was identified as a novel monocot-derived valencene synthase; three (+)-valencene oxidases AoCYP6 (CYP71BB2), AoCYP9 (CYP71CX8), and AoCYP18 (CYP701A170) were identified by constructing a valencene-providing yeast strain. With further characterisation of a cytochrome P450 reductase (AoCPR1) and three dehydrogenases (AoSDR1/2/3), we successfully reconstructed the (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, representing a basis for its biotechnological production. Identifying the biosynthetic pathway of (+)-nootkatone in A. oxyphylla unravelled the molecular mechanism underlying its formation in planta and also supported the bioengineering production of (+)-nootkatone. The highly efficient yeast chassis screening method could be used to elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of other valuable plant natural products in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ziling Ye
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Man Huang
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Dou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Wuhan University of Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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5
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Gai Y, Bai C, Zhang W, Xiao H, Xu J, Hou J, Ge X. Nootkatone attenuates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice through repressing ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:513-522. [PMID: 37466343 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nootkatone (NKT) exhibits potential pharmacological activities including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of NKT in asthmatic airway inflammation. In the study, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish experimental allergic asthma model. After treatment with NKT, lung tissues, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to assess inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and pathological alternations. The effects of NKT on regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation was assessed in IL-13-treated BEAS-2B cell model. We found that NKT treatment decreased the production of Th2 inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in BALF and IgE levels in serum, and alleviated inflammatory cell penetration, goblet cell proliferation, collagen accumulation, and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues. NKT treatment mitigated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in asthmatic mice. IL-13 treatment induced oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells, whereas these effects were blocked by NKT. NKT protected against airway remodeling, as indicated by decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NKT mitigates asthmatic airway inflammation by inhibiting ROS-triggered NLRP3 activation and may be a potential agent for treating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Datong Road, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shu Guang Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Datong Road, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Datong Road, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahui Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Datong Road, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Greish YE, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Ali BH. Impact of Intratracheal Administration of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on the Heart of Normotensive and Hypertensive Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108890. [PMID: 37240239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are widely used in various industrial and biomedical applications; however, little is known about their potential cardiotoxicity after pulmonary exposure, particularly in hypertensive subjects. We assessed the cardiotoxicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated AgNPs in hypertensive (HT) mice. Saline (control) or PEG-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg) were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled four times (on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-angiotensin II or vehicle [saline] infusion). On day 29, various cardiovascular parameters were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were higher in PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice than in saline-treated HT or PEG-AgNPs-treated normotensive mice. The heart histology of PEG-AgNPs-treated HT mice had comparatively larger cardiomyocyte damage with fibrosis and inflammatory cells when compared with saline-treated HT mice. Similarly, the relative heart weight and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB and the concentration of brain natriuretic peptide concentration were significantly augmented in heart homogenates of HT mice treated with PEG-AgNPs compared with HT mice treated with saline or normotensive animals exposed to PEG-AgNPs. Similarly, the concentrations of endothelin-1, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in heart homogenates were significantly higher than in the other two groups when HT mice were exposed to PEG-AgNPs. Markers of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress were significantly elevated in heart homogenates of HT mice given PEG-AgNPs compared with HT mice treated with saline or normotensive animals exposed to PEG-AgNPs. The hearts of HT mice exposed to PEG-AgNPs had significantly increased DNA damage than those of HT mice treated with saline or normotensive mice treated with AgNPs. In conclusion, the cardiac injury caused by PEG-AgNPs was aggravated in hypertensive mice. The cardiotoxicity of PEG-AgNPs in HT mice highlights the importance of an in-depth assessment of their toxicity before using them in clinical settings, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaser E Greish
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur E Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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Waterpipe smoke inhalation potentiates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy in experimental hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114144. [PMID: 36916396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking worsens the health of hypertensive patients. However, less is known about the actions and underlying mechanisms of waterpipe smoke (WPS) in hypertension. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of WPS inhalation in mice made hypertensive (HT) by infusing angiotensin II for six weeks. On day 14 of the infusion of angiotensin II or vehicle (normotensive; NT), mice were exposed either to air or WPS for four consecutive weeks. Each session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. In NT mice, WPS increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with NT air-exposed group. SBP increase was elevated in HT+WPS group versus either HT+air or NT+WPS. Similarly, the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, 8-isoprostane and superoxide dismutase were increased in HT+WPS compared with either HT+air or NT+WPS. In the heart tissue, several markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were increased in HT+WPS group vs the controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction in HT+WPS group was more affected than in the HT+air or HT+WPS groups. WPS inhalation in HT mice significantly increased cardiac DNA damage, cleaved caspase 3, expression of the autophagy proteins beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B, and phosphorylated nuclear factor κ B, compared with the controls. Compared with HT+air mice, heart histology of WPS-exposed HT mice showed increased cardiomyocyte damage, neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration and focal fibrosis. We conclude that, in HT mice, WPS inhalation worsened hypertension, cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy. The latter effects were associated with a mechanism involving NF-κB activation.
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Kwon M, Jung J, Park HS, Kim NH, Lee J, Park J, Kim Y, Shin S, Lee BS, Cheong YH, Youn HS, Kim SR, Park SA. Diesel exhaust particle exposure accelerates oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in normal human bronchial epithelial cells through PD-L1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120705. [PMID: 36410599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major cause of cancer progression as well as a variety of acute and chronic diseases. It is well-known that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that can induce immune escape in tumor cells. However, the function of PD-L1 in bronchial epithelial cells or how PD-L1 relates to cellular oxidation under DEPs-mediated oxidative stress is not well known. In this study, we investigated how PD-L1 affected DEPs-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, Beas-2B. DEPs not only induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but also increased PD-L1 expression in HBE cells. Beas-2B cells overexpressing PD-L1 showed higher levels of ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis after DEPs treatment compared to control cells. In particular, the expression of an antioxidant enzyme heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, a major regulator of HO-1, were lower in Beas-2B overexpressing PD-L1 cells than in control cells. DEPs-induced ROS generation, DNA damage and apoptosis in Beas-2B cells overexpressing PD-L1 were significantly restored by overexpressing HO-1. Collectively, our results suggest that DEPs can increase the expression of PD-L1 in HBE cells and that overexpressing PD-L1 might eventually promote DEPs-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kwon
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Shin
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital and College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hwang Cheong
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Roul Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Zhang LL, Chen Y, Li ZJ, Fan G, Li X. Production, Function, and Applications of the Sesquiterpenes Valencene and Nootkatone: a Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:121-142. [PMID: 36541855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Valencene and nootkatone, two sesquiterpenes, extracted from natural sources, have great market potential with diverse applications. This paper aims to comprehensively review the recent advances in valencene and nootkatone, including source, production, physicochemical and biological properties, safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation, potential uses, and their industrial applications as well as future research directions. Microbial biosynthesis offers a promising alternative approach for sustainable production of valencene and nootkatone. Both compounds exert various beneficial activities, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective and other activities. However, most of the studies are performed in animals and in vitro, making it difficult to give a conclusive description about their health benefits and extend their application. Hence, more attention should be paid to in vivo and long-term clinical studies in the future. Moreover, valencene and nootkatone are considered safe for consumption and show great promise in the applications of food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Sokol J, Samuel SM, Kudela E, Biringer K, Bugos O, Pec M, Link B, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:407-431. [PMID: 35990779 PMCID: PMC9376584 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolism is the third leading vascular disease, with a high annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 individuals within the general population. The broader term venous thromboembolism generally refers to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or a combination of both. Therefore, thromboembolism can affect both – the central and peripheral veins. Arterial thromboembolism causes systemic ischemia by disturbing blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, tissues, and cells causing, therefore, apoptosis and/or necrosis in the affected tissues. Currently applied antithrombotic drugs used, e.g. to protect affected individuals against ischemic stroke, demonstrate significant limitations. For example, platelet inhibitors possess only moderate efficacy. On the other hand, thrombolytics and anticoagulants significantly increase hemorrhage. Contextually, new approaches are extensively under consideration to develop next-generation antithrombotics with improved efficacy and more personalized and targeted application. To this end, phytochemicals show potent antithrombotic efficacy demonstrated in numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in clinical evaluations conducted on healthy individuals and persons at high risk of thrombotic events, such as pregnant women (primary care), cancer, and COVID-19-affected patients (secondary and tertiary care). Here, we hypothesized that specific antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds might be of great clinical utility in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To increase the efficacy, precise patient stratification based on predictive diagnostics is essential for targeted protection and treatments tailored to the person in the framework of 3P medicine. Contextually, this paper aims at critical review toward the involvement of specific classes of phytochemicals in antiplatelet and anticoagulation adapted to clinical needs. The paper exemplifies selected plant-derived drugs, plant extracts, and whole plant foods/herbs demonstrating their specific antithrombotic, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic activities relevant for primary, secondary, and tertiary care. One of the examples considered is antithrombotic and antiplatelet protection specifically relevant for COVID-19-affected patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Sokol
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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11
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Yao Z, Li J, Bian L, Li Q, Wang X, Yang X, Wei X, Wan G, Wang Y, Shi J, Guo J. Nootkatone alleviates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease symptoms through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4183-4200. [PMID: 35833337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Nootkatone (NKT) has been shown to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and in this study, we systematically studied the efficacy and mechanism of action of NKT in rotenone (ROT)-induced PD rats. Firstly, through behavioral experiments and brain tissue staining, we found that NKT alleviated behavioral dysfunction and protected dopaminergic neurons associated with ROT-induced PD rats. Next, target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway enrichment analyses were used to obtain potential targets, specific biological processes, and molecular mechanisms of NKT for the potential treatment of PD. Furthermore, we also applied molecular docking to predict the binding capacity of NKT and related targets. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed that NKT could inhibit the expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reducing neuroinflammation, and ultimately ameliorating ROT-induced PD symptoms. Taken together, the results of the study provide a clear explanation for the remission of PD symptoms by NKT, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Bian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar N, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2244-2259. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
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13
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Nemmar A, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Alblooshi S, Alseiari S, Ali BH. The Salutary Effects of Catalpol on Diesel Exhaust Particles-Induced Thrombogenic Changes and Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:99. [PMID: 35052780 PMCID: PMC8773344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled particulate air pollution exerts pulmonary inflammation and cardiovascular toxicity through secondary systemic effects due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Catalpol, an iridiod glucoside, extracted from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Yet, the potential ameliorative effects of catalpol on particulate air pollution-induced cardiovascular toxicity, has not been studied so far. Hence, we evaluated the possible mitigating mechanism of catalpol (5 mg/kg) which was administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection one hour before the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of a relevant type of pollutant particle, viz. diesel exhaust particles (DEPs, 30 µg/mouse). Twenty-four hours after the lung deposition of DEPs, several cardiovascular endpoints were evaluated. DEPs caused a significant shortening of the thrombotic occlusion time in pial microvessels in vivo, induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and reduced the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time. All these actions were effectively mitigated by catalpol pretreatment. Likewise, catalpol inhibited the increase of the plasma concentration of C-reactive proteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and P- and E-selectins, induced by DEPs. Moreover, in heart tissue, catalpol inhibited the increase of markers of oxidative (lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase) and nitrosative (nitric oxide) stress, and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β) triggered by lung exposure to DEPs. Exposure to DEPs also caused heart DNA damage and increased the levels of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase, and these effects were significantly diminished by the catalpol pretreatment. Moreover, catalpol significantly reduced the DEPs-induced increase of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the heart. In conclusion, catalpol significantly ameliorated DEPs-induced procoagulant events and heart oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis, at least partly, through the inhibition of NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Salem Alblooshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saleh Alseiari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat 123, Oman;
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14
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The cardiovascular effects of air pollution: Prevention and reversal by pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107996. [PMID: 34571110 PMCID: PMC8941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with staggering levels of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Airborne particulate matter (PM), in particular, has been associated with a wide range of detrimental cardiovascular effects, including impaired vascular function, raised blood pressure, alterations in cardiac rhythm, blood clotting disorders, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Considerable headway has been made in elucidating the biological processes underlying these associations, revealing a labyrinth of multiple interacting mechanistic pathways. Several studies have used pharmacological agents to prevent or reverse the cardiovascular effects of PM; an approach that not only has the advantages of elucidating mechanisms, but also potentially revealing therapeutic agents that could benefit individuals that are especially susceptible to the effects of air pollution. This review gathers investigations with pharmacological agents, offering insight into the biology of how PM, and other air pollutants, may cause cardiovascular morbidity.
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15
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Hu D, Jia X, Cui L, Liu J, Chen J, Wang Y, Niu W, Xu J, Miller MR, Loh M, Deng F, Guo X. Exposure to fine particulate matter promotes platelet activation and thrombosis via obesity-related inflammation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125341. [PMID: 33596527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases thrombotic risk particularly in obese individuals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to compare the effects of PM2.5 on inflammation and platelet activation in obese versus normal-weight adults, and investigate potential causal pathways. We conducted a panel study measuring blood markers in 44 obese and 53 normal-weight adults on 3 separate occasions in 2017-2018. Associations between PM2.5/black carbon (BC) and biomarkers were estimated using mixed-effect models. An interaction analysis compared PM2.5/BC-related effects between subgroups. Biomarker combinations and mediation analysis were performed to elucidate the biological pathways. There was a significant "low-high-low" trend of PM2.5 levels across the 3 study periods. Increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes of platelet activation and aggregation markers were associated with PM2.5/BC in obese subgroup only. Among obese subjects, the combination of pro-inflammatory cytokines and that of platelet markers increased 26.8% (95% CI: 16.0%, 37.9%) and 14.7% (95% CI: 1.9%, 27.0%) per IQR increase in PM2.5 over 5-day and 7-day averages. Inflammation mediated 24.5% of the pathways through which PM2.5 promoted platelet activation. This study suggested obese people are susceptible to pro-thrombotic impacts of PM2.5 exposures. PM2.5 may aggravate thrombosis through obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yazheng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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16
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Lei J, Li Z, Huang X, Li X, Zhang G, Kan H, Chen R, Zhang Y. The Acute Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Different Fractions Exposure on Blood Coagulation Function in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084136. [PMID: 33919809 PMCID: PMC8070753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and widespread exposure opportunity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has aroused public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of DEP and different fractions exposure on blood coagulation function in mice. In this study, nine- week-old C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four exposure groups (with 15 mice in each group). The water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WIS) fractions of DEP were isolated, and intratracheal instillation was used for DEP, WS and WIS exposure. The phosphate buffer saline (PBS) exposure group was set as the control group. After 24 h exposure, the mice were sacrificed for blood routine, coagulation function and bleeding time examinations to estimate the acute effect of DEP, WS and WIS exposure on the blood coagulation function. In our results, no statistically significant difference in weight of body, brain and lung was observed in different exposure groups. While several core indexes in blood coagulation like bleeding time (BT), fibrinogen (FIB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) altered or showed a lower tendency after DEP, WS and WIS exposure. For example, BT was lower In WIS exposure group (211.00 s) compared with PBS exposure group (238.50 s) (p < 0.01), and FIB was lower in WS exposure group (233.00 g/L) compared with PBS exposure group (249.50 g/L) (p < 0.05). Additionally, systemic inflammation-related indexes like white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYMPH) altered after DEP, WS and WIS exposure. In conclusion, DEP, WS and WIS fractions exposure could result in the hypercoagulable state of blood in mice. The noteworthy effects of WS and WIS fractions exposure on blood coagulation function deserve further investigation of the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lei
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Zhouzhou Li
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Xingke Huang
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangzheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Renjie Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence:
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Al-Sadik H, Sugathan S, Saseedharan P, Sulaiman S, Beegam S, Nemmar A, Attoub S, Karam SM. Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Mouse Gastric Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080149. [PMID: 32806566 PMCID: PMC7460091 DOI: 10.3390/life10080149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted many scientists because of their unique properties and therapeutic applications. However, very little is known on the environmental toxins that could affect their biological features. This study focuses on the consequences of the exposure of a cell line representative of the mouse gastric stem/progenitor (mGS) cells to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). These immortal cells were cultured using routine protocols. The DEPs were added to the culture media at 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 1 to 72 h. The cells were assayed for their viability, migration, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes specific for cell proliferation, pluripotency, and death. DEPs induced a reduction in the metabolic activity of mGS cells, only at a high concentration of 100 µg/mL. However, no significant effects were detected on cell migration, oxidative stress markers (glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and cell death related proteins/genes. Interestingly, these findings were associated with down-regulation of Notch 2 and 3 and Bmi-1 proteins and activation of STAT3 involved in the regulation of the fate of stem cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mGS cells have some resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis when exposed to DEPs at the expense of their stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Al-Sadik
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Prashanth Saseedharan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.B.); (A.N.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE; (H.A.-S); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7493
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18
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Kunovac A, Hathaway QA, Pinti MV, Taylor AD, Hollander JM. Cardiovascular adaptations to particle inhalation exposure: molecular mechanisms of the toxicology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H282-H305. [PMID: 32559138 PMCID: PMC7473925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air, occupational settings, and the use and distribution of consumer products all serve as conduits for toxicant exposure through inhalation. While the pulmonary system remains a primary target following inhalation exposure, cardiovascular implications are exceptionally culpable for increased morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular dysfunction resulting from acute or chronic inhalation exposure to particulate matter has been well documented, but the mechanisms driving the resulting disturbances remain elusive. In the current review, we aim to summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are directly linked to cardiovascular health following exposure to a variety of inhaled toxicants. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system following particle inhalation exposure and to highlight potential biomarkers that exist across multiple exposure paradigms. We attempt to integrate these molecular signatures in an effort to provide direction for future investigations. This review also characterizes how molecular responses are modified in at-risk populations, specifically the impact of environmental exposure during critical windows of development. Maternal exposure to particulate matter during gestation can lead to fetal epigenetic reprogramming, resulting in long-term deficits to the cardiovascular system. In both direct and indirect (gestational) exposures, connecting the biochemical mechanisms with functional deficits outlines pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, future investigations integrating "omics"-based approaches will better elucidate the mechanisms that are altered by xenobiotic inhalation exposure, identify biomarkers, and guide in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrew D Taylor
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Bezerra Rodrigues Dantas L, Silva ALM, da Silva Júnior CP, Alcântara IS, Correia de Oliveira MR, Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins A, Ribeiro-Filho J, Coutinho HDM, Rocha Santos Passos F, Quintans-Junior LJ, Alencar de Menezes IR, Pezzani R, Vitalini S. Nootkatone Inhibits Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E2181. [PMID: 32392744 PMCID: PMC7248960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nootkatone (NTK) is a sesquiterpenoid found in essential oils of many species of Citrus (Rutaceae). Considering previous reports demonstrating that NTK inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways, this study aimed to investigate the effects of this compound in mice models of acute and chronic inflammation. Murine models of paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine, and arachidonic acid, as well as carrageenan-induced peritonitis and pleurisy, were used to evaluate the effects of NTK on acute inflammation. A murine model of granuloma induced by cotton pellets was used to access the impact of NTK treatment on chronic inflammation. In the acute inflammation models, NTK demonstrated antiedematogenic effects and inhibited leukocyte recruitment, which was associated with decreased vascular permeability, inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)1-β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. In silico analysis suggest that NTZ anti-inflammatory effects may also occur due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity and antagonism of the histamine receptor type 1 (H1). These mechanisms might have contributed to the reduction of granuloma weight and protein concentration in the homogenates, observed in the chronic inflammation model. In conclusion, NTK exerted anti-inflammatory effects that are associated with inhibition of IL1-β and TNF-α production, possibly due to inhibition of COX-2 activity and antagonism of the H1 receptor. However, further studies are required to characterize the effects of this compound on chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues Dantas
- Departamento de Saúde, Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio-UNILEÃO, Av. Leão Sampaio, 400-Lagoa Seca, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-000, Ceará, Brazil; (L.B.R.D.); (A.L.M.S.)
| | - Ana Letícia Moreira Silva
- Departamento de Saúde, Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio-UNILEÃO, Av. Leão Sampaio, 400-Lagoa Seca, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-000, Ceará, Brazil; (L.B.R.D.); (A.L.M.S.)
| | - Cícero Pedro da Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (C.P.d.S.J.); isabel-alcantara-@hotmail.com (I.S.A.); (M.R.C.d.O.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Isabel Sousa Alcântara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (C.P.d.S.J.); isabel-alcantara-@hotmail.com (I.S.A.); (M.R.C.d.O.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Maria Rayane Correia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (C.P.d.S.J.); isabel-alcantara-@hotmail.com (I.S.A.); (M.R.C.d.O.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (C.P.d.S.J.); isabel-alcantara-@hotmail.com (I.S.A.); (M.R.C.d.O.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 45500-000, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Microbiology and Biology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, Ceara, Brazil;
| | - Fabíolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil; (F.R.S.P.); (L.J.Q.-J.)
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil; (F.R.S.P.); (L.J.Q.-J.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil; (C.P.d.S.J.); isabel-alcantara-@hotmail.com (I.S.A.); (M.R.C.d.O.); (A.O.B.P.B.M.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- O.U. Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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20
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Miller MR. Oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:69-87. [PMID: 31923583 PMCID: PMC7322534 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular causes have been estimated to be responsible for more than two thirds of the considerable mortality attributed to air pollution. There is now a substantial body of research demonstrating that exposure to air pollution has many detrimental effects throughout the cardiovascular system. Multiple biological mechanisms are responsible, however, oxidative stress is a prominent observation at many levels of the cardiovascular impairment induced by pollutant exposure. This review provides an overview of the evidence that oxidative stress is a key pathway for the different cardiovascular actions of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 3RL, United Kingdom.
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21
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Ali BH. Aortic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and DNA Damage Following Pulmonary Exposure to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in a Rat Model of Vascular Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080376. [PMID: 31426470 PMCID: PMC6722935 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) can occur either at the workplace, or due to their release in the environment. Inhaled CeO2 NPs are known to cross the alveolar–capillary barrier and reach various parts of the body, including the vasculature. The anticancer drug cisplatin (CP) causes vascular damage. However, the effects CeO2 NPs on vascular homeostasis in a rat model of CP-induced vascular injury remain unclear. Here, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanism of pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NPs on aorta in rats given a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (CP, 6 mg/kg) to induce vascular damage. Six days later, the rats were intratracheally instilled with either CeO2 NPs (1 mg/kg) or saline (control), and various variables were studied 24 h thereafter in the aortic tissue. The concentration of reduced glutathione and the activity of catalase were significantly increased in the CP + CeO2 NPs group compared with both the CP + saline and the CeO2 NPs groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the CP + CeO2 NPs group compared with both the CP + saline and CeO2 NPs groups. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) by the nuclei of smooth muscles and endocardial cells assessed by immunohistochemistry was significantly augmented in CeO2 NPs versus saline, in CP + saline versus saline, and in CP + CeO2 NPs versus CeO2 NPs. Moreover, the concentrations of total nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine were significantly elevated in the CP + CeO2 NPs group compared with both the CP + saline and the CeO2 NPs groups. Similarly, compared with both the CP + saline and CeO2 NPs groups, the combination of CP and CeO2 NPs significantly elevated the concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Additionally, aortic DNA damage assessed by Comet assay was significantly increased in CeO2 NPs compared with saline, and in CP + saline versus saline, and all these effects were significantly aggravated by the combination of CP and CeO2 NPs. We conclude that pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NPs aggravates vascular toxicity in animal model of vascular injury through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression, inflammation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Correspondence:
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat 123, Al-Khoud, Oman
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22
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Testicular Toxicity of Water Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice and the Effect of Treatment with Nootkatone Thereon. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2416935. [PMID: 31341528 PMCID: PMC6614988 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2416935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a worldwide increase in the popularity of water pipe (shisha) tobacco smoking including in Europe and North America. However, little is known about the effects of water pipe smoke (WPS) exposure on male reproductivity. We have recently demonstrated that WPS exposure in mice induces testicular toxicity including inflammation and oxidative stress. Nootkatone, a sesquiterpenoid found in grapefruit, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the possible protective effect of nootkatone on WPS-induced testicular toxicity has not been reported before. Here, we tested the effects of treatment of mice with nootkatone on WPS-induced testicular toxicity. Mice were exposed to normal air or WPS (30 minutes/day, for 30 days). Nootkatone (90 mg/kg) was given orally to mice by gavage, 1 h before WPS or air exposure. Nootkatone treatment significantly ameliorated the WPS-induced increase in plasma levels of inhibin, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Nootkatone also significantly mitigated the decrease in testosterone, androgen-binding protein, and estradiol concentrations in the plasma induced by WPS. In testicular homogenates, WPS exposure caused a decrease in the total nitric oxide level and an increase in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β level and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, cytochrome C, and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. All the latter effects were significantly alleviated by nootkatone treatment. Moreover, in testicular homogenate, nootkatone inhibited the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB induced by WPS. Likewise, histological examination of mouse testes showed that nootkatone treatment ameliorated the deterioration of spermatogenesis induced by WPS exposure. We conclude that nootkatone ameliorated the WPS-induced testicular inflammation and oxidative stress and hormonal and spermatogenesis alterations.
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23
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Waterpipe Smoke Exposure Triggers Lung Injury and Functional Decline in Mice: Protective Effect of Gum Arabic. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8526083. [PMID: 31178975 PMCID: PMC6501418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8526083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of waterpipe (shisha) tobacco smoking has recently seen a substantial increase worldwide and is becoming a public health problem. Both human and animal studies have established that waterpipe smoke (WPS) increases airway reactivity and inflammation. Gum Arabic (GA) is a prebiotic agent that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on lung toxicity induced by WPS exposure are unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible salutary effects and underlying mechanisms of GA on WPS-induced pulmonary pathophysiologic effects. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to air or WPS (30 minutes/day for one month) with or without GA treatment in drinking water (15%, w/v). Exposure to WPS induced an influx of neutrophil polymorphs in the peribronchiolar and interstitial spaces and an increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation, concentrations in lung homogenates. The latter effects were significantly mitigated by GA treatment. Likewise, the lung DNA damage induced by WPS exposure was prevented by GA administration. Western blot analysis of the lung showed that GA inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression caused by WPS and augmented that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis of bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar cells showed a parallel and significant increase in the nuclear expression of Nrf2 and cytoplasmic expression of glutathione in mice treated with GA and exposed to WPS. Moreover, GA administration has significantly prevented airway hyperreactivity to methacholine induced by WPS. We conclude that GA administration significantly declined the physiological, histological, biochemical, and molecular indices of lung toxicity caused by WPS exposure, indicating its beneficial respiratory impact. Considering that GA is a safe agent with health benefits in humans, our data suggest its potential usage in waterpipe smokers.
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Karoui A, Crochemore C, Mulder P, Preterre D, Cazier F, Dewaele D, Corbière C, Mekki M, Vendeville C, Richard V, Vaugeois JM, Fardel O, Sichel F, Lecureur V, Monteil C. An integrated functional and transcriptomic analysis reveals that repeated exposure to diesel exhaust induces sustained mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunctions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:518-526. [PMID: 30583160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) contributes to air pollution, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms by which DE exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction remain unknown and there is still debate on the contribution of the primary particulate matter (PM) fraction compared to the gaseous phase. Although the mitochondria play a key role in the events leading to cardiovascular diseases, their role in DE-induced cardiovascular effects has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to highlight cardiac and mitochondrial events that could be disrupted following acute and/or repeated DE exposures and the contribution of gaseous pollutants to these effects. To address this question, Wistar rats were exposed to DE generated under strictly controlled and characterized conditions and extracted upstream or downstream of the diesel particulate filter (DPF). Evaluation of the cardiac function after acute DE exposure showed a disturbance in echocardiographic parameters, which persisted and worsened after repeated exposures. The presence of the DPF did not modify the cardiovascular dysfunction revealing an important implication of the gas phase in this response. Surprisingly, redox parameters were not altered by DE exposures while an alteration in mitochondrial oxidative capacity was observed. Exploration of the mitochondrial function demonstrated a more specific alteration in complex I of the respiratory chain after repeated exposures, which was further confirmed by transcriptional analysis of left ventricular (LV) tissue. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into cardiovascular effects induced by DE, demonstrating a cardiac mitochondrial impairment associated with the gaseous phase. These effects suggest deleterious consequences in terms of cardiac function for vulnerable populations with underlying energy deficit such as patients with heart failure or the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Clément Crochemore
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1096, Rouen, France
| | - David Preterre
- CERTAM, 1 rue Joseph Fourier, 76800, Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Malik Mekki
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Cathy Vendeville
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1096, Rouen, France
| | | | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France; Pôle Biologie, Rennes University Hospital, 35203, Rennes, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France; Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen et 76 000 Rouen, France.
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Ali BH. Gum Arabic Ameliorates Impaired Coagulation and Cardiotoxicity Induced by Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30858803 PMCID: PMC6397852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is prevalent in the East and elsewhere. WPS exposure is known to induce thrombosis and cardiovascular toxicity involving inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we have investigated the effect of Gum Arabic (GA), a prebiotic with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, on WPS exposure (30 min/day for 1 month) on coagulation and cardiac homeostasis, and their possible underlying mechanisms in mice. Animals received either GA in drinking water (15%, w/v) or water only for the entire duration of study. GA significantly mitigated thrombosis in pial microvessels in vivo, platelet aggregation in vitro, and the shortening of prothrombin time induced by WPS exposure. The increase in plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and markers of lipid peroxidation, 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde, induced by WPS were significantly reduced by GA administration. Moreover, WPS exposure induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β in heart homogenates. GA significantly alleviated these effects, and prevented the decrease of reduced glutathione, catalase and total nitric oxide levels in heart homogenates. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that WPS exposure increased nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expressions by cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells, and these effects were potentiated by the combination of GA and WPS. WPS also increased DNA damage and cleaved caspase 3, and GA administration prevented these effects. Our data, obtained in experimental murine model of WPS exposure, show that GA ameliorates WPS-induced coagulation and cardiovascular inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis, through a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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In Vivo Protective Effects of Nootkatone against Particles-Induced Lung Injury Caused by Diesel Exhaust Is Mediated via the NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030263. [PMID: 29495362 PMCID: PMC5872681 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that acute particulate air pollution exposure is linked with pulmonary adverse effects, including alterations of pulmonary function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Nootkatone, a constituent of grapefruit, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of nootkatone on lung toxicity has not been reported so far. In this study we evaluated the possible protective effects of nootkatone on diesel exhaust particles (DEP)-induced lung toxicity, and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Mice were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with either DEP (30 µg/mouse) or saline (control). Nootkatone was given to mice by gavage, 1 h before i.t. instillation, with either DEP or saline. Twenty-four hours following DEP exposure, several physiological and biochemical endpoints were assessed. Nootkatone pretreatment significantly prevented the DEP-induced increase in airway resistance in vivo, decreased neutrophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and abated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lung interstitium, assessed by histolopathology. Moreover, DEP caused a significant increase in lung concentrations of 8-isoprostane and tumor necrosis factor α, and decreased the reduced glutathione concentration and total nitric oxide activity. These actions were all significantly alleviated by nootkatone pretreatment. Similarly, nootkatone prevented DEP-induced DNA damage and prevented the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3. Moreover, nootkatone inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) induced by DEP. We conclude that nootkatone prevented the DEP-induced increase in airway resistance, lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and the subsequent DNA damage and apoptosis through a mechanism involving inhibition of NF-κB activation. Nootkatone could possibly be considered a beneficial protective agent against air pollution-induced respiratory adverse effects.
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