1
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Haffner V, Nourian Z, Boerman EM, Lambert MD, Hanft LM, Krenz M, Baines CP, Duan D, McDonald KS, Domeier TL. Calcium handling dysfunction and cardiac damage following acute ventricular preload challenge in the dystrophin-deficient mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1168-H1177. [PMID: 37737731 PMCID: PMC10907071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00265.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin deficiency is associated with structural and functional changes of the muscle cell sarcolemma and/or stretch-induced ion channel activation. In this investigation, we use mice with transgenic cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the GCaMP6f Ca2+ indicator to test the hypothesis that dystrophin deficiency leads to cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling abnormalities following preload challenge. α-MHC-MerCreMer-GCaMP6f transgenic mice were developed on both a wild-type (WT) or dystrophic (Dmdmdx-4Cv) background. Isolated hearts of 3-7-mo male mice were perfused in unloaded Langendorff mode (0 mmHg) and working heart mode (preload = 20 mmHg). Following a 30-min preload challenge, hearts were perfused in unloaded Langendorff mode with 40 μM blebbistatin, and GCaMP6f was imaged using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Incidence of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) was monitored before and following preload elevation at 20 mmHg. Hearts of both wild-type and dystrophic mice exhibited similar left ventricular contractile function. Following preload challenge, dystrophic hearts exhibited a reduction in GCaMP6f-positive cardiomyocytes and an increase in number of cardiomyocytes exhibiting Ca2+ waves/overload. Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was low in both wild-type and dystrophic hearts during unloaded Langendorff mode. However, after preload elevation to 20-mmHg hearts of dystrophic mice exhibited an increased incidence of PVCs compared with hearts of wild-type mice. In conclusion, these data indicate susceptibility to preload-induced Ca2+ overload, ventricular damage, and ventricular dysfunction in male Dmdmdx-4Cv hearts. Our data support the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte Ca2+ overload underlies cardiac dysfunction in muscular dystrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanisms of cardiac disease progression in muscular dystrophy are complex and poorly understood. Using a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the GCaMP6f Ca2+ indicator, the present study provides further support for the Ca2+-overload hypothesis of disease progression and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Haffner
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Zahra Nourian
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Michelle D Lambert
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Laurin M Hanft
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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2
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Lookin O, Boulali N, Cazorla O, de Tombe P. Impact of stretch on sarcomere length variability in isolated fully relaxed rat cardiac myocytes. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1203-1210. [PMID: 37603101 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The contractility of cardiac muscle is greatly affected by preload via the Frank-Starling mechanism (FSM). It is based on preload-dependent activation of sarcomeres-the elementary contractile units in muscle cells. Recent findings show a natural variability in sarcomere length (SL) in resting cardiomyocytes that, moreover, is altered in an actively contracting myocyte. SL variability may contribute to the FSM, but it remains unresolved whether the change in the SL variability is regulated by activation process per se or simply by changes in cell stretch, i.e., average SL. To separate the roles of activation and SL, we characterized SL variability in isolated, fully relaxed rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (n = 12) subjected to a longitudinal stretch with the carbon fiber (CF) technique. Each cell was tested in three states: without CF attachment (control, no preload), with CF attachment without stretch, and with CF attachment and ~ 10% stretch of initial SL. The cells were imaged by transmitted light microscopy to retrieve and analyze individual SL and SL variability off-line by multiple quantitative measures such as coefficient of variation or median absolute deviation. We found that CF attachment without stretch did not affect the extent of SL variability nor average SL. In stretched myocytes, the averaged SL significantly increased, while the SL variability remained unchanged. This result clearly indicates that the non-uniformity of individual SL is not sensitive to the average SL itself in fully relaxed myocytes. We conclude that SL variability per se does not contribute to the FSM in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najlae Boulali
- Laboratoire "Physiologie Et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur Et Des Muscles," Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Laboratoire "Physiologie Et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur Et Des Muscles," Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Pieter de Tombe
- Laboratoire "Physiologie Et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur Et Des Muscles," Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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3
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Withaar C, Meems LM, Nollet EE, Schouten EM, Schroeder MA, Knudsen LB, Niss K, Madsen CT, Hoegl A, Mazzoni G, van der Velden J, Lam CS, Silljé HH, de Boer RA. The Cardioprotective Effects of Semaglutide Exceed Those of Dietary Weight Loss in Mice With HFpEF. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1298-1314. [PMID: 38094687 PMCID: PMC10714176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become a well-recognized HFpEF subphenotype. Targeting the unfavorable cardiometabolic profile may represent a rational treatment strategy. This study investigated semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that induces significant weight loss in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. In a mouse model of HFpEF that was caused by advanced aging, female sex, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, semaglutide, compared with weight loss induced by pair feeding, improved the cardiometabolic profile, cardiac structure, and cardiac function. Mechanistically, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses revealed that semaglutide improved left ventricular cytoskeleton function and endothelial function and restores protective immune responses in visceral adipose tissue. Strikingly, treatment with semaglutide induced a wide array of favorable cardiometabolic effects beyond the effect of weight loss by pair feeding. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may therefore represent an important novel therapeutic option for treatment of HFpEF, especially when obesity-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad Withaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M.G. Meems
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar E. Nollet
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E. Marloes Schouten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte B. Knudsen
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Niss
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Lookin O, Boulali N, Cazorla O, Tombe P. Impact of stretch on sarcomere length variability in isolated fully relaxed rat cardiac myocytes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3043911. [PMID: 37398289 PMCID: PMC10312908 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3043911/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The contractility of cardiac muscle is greatly affected by preload via the Frank-Starling Mechanism (FSM). It is based on the preload-dependent activation of sarcomeres - the elementary contractile units in muscle cells. Recent findings show a natural variability in sarcomere length (SL) in resting cardiomyocytes that, moreover, is altered in an actively contracting myocyte. SL variability may contribute to the FSM but it remains unresolved whether the change in the SL variability is regulated by activation process per se or simply by changes in cell stretch, i.e. average SL. To separate the roles of activation and SL, we characterized SL variability in isolated fully relaxed rat ventricular cardiomyocytes ( n = 12) subjected to a longitudinal stretch with the carbon fiber (CF) technique. Each cell was tested in three states: without CF attachment (control, no preload), with CF attachment without stretch, and with CF attachment and ~ 10% stretch of initial SL. The cells were imaged by transmitted light microscopy to retrieve and analyze individual SL and SL variability off-line by multiple quantitative measures like coefficient of variation or median absolute deviation. We found that CF attachment without stretch did not affect the extent of SL variability and averaged SL. In stretched myocytes, the averaged SL significantly increased while the SL variability remained unchanged. This result clearly indicates that the non-uniformity of individual SL is not sensitive to the average SL itself in fully relaxed myocytes. We conclude that SL variability per se does not contribute to the FSM in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najlae Boulali
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
| | - Pieter Tombe
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve
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5
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Lookin O, de Tombe P, Boulali N, Gergely C, Cloitre T, Cazorla O. Cardiomyocyte sarcomere length variability: Membrane fluorescence versus second harmonic generation myosin imaging. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:213827. [PMID: 36695814 PMCID: PMC9930136 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomere length (SL) and its variation along the myofibril strongly regulate integrated coordinated myocyte contraction. It is therefore important to obtain individual SL properties. Optical imaging by confocal fluorescence (for example, using ANEPPS) or transmitted light microscopy is often used for this purpose. However, this allows for the visualization of structures related to Z-disks only. In contrast, second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy visualizes A-band sarcomeric structures directly. Here, we compared averaged SL and its variability in isolated relaxed rat cardiomyocytes by imaging with ANEPPS and SHG. We found that SL variability, evaluated by several absolute and relative measures, is two times smaller using SHG vs. ANEPPS, while both optical methods give the same average (median) SL. We conclude that optical methods with similar optical spatial resolution provide valid estimations of average SL, but the use of SHG microscopy for visualization of sarcomeric A-bands may be the "gold standard" for evaluation of SL variability due to the absence of optical interference between the sarcomere center and non-sarcomeric structures. This contrasts with sarcomere edges where t-tubules may not consistently colocalize to Z-disks. The use of SHG microscopy instead of fluorescent imaging can be a prospective tool to map sarcomere variability both in vitro and in vivo conditions and to reveal its role in the functional behavior of living myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology , Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pieter de Tombe
- Laboratory "Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles", Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University , Montpellier, France.,Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Najlae Boulali
- Laboratory "Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles", Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University , Montpellier, France
| | - Csilla Gergely
- L2C, University of Montpellier , CNRS , Montpellier, France
| | | | - Olivier Cazorla
- Laboratory "Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles", Phymedexp, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier University , Montpellier, France
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6
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Lookin O, Khokhlova A, Myachina T, Butova X, Cazorla O, de Tombe P. Contractile State Dependent Sarcomere Length Variability in Isolated Guinea-Pig Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:857471. [PMID: 35444559 PMCID: PMC9013801 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.857471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes contract keeping their sarcomere length (SL) close to optimal values for force generation. Transmural heterogeneity in SL across the ventricular wall coordinates the contractility of the whole-ventricle. SL heterogeneity (variability) exists not only at the tissue (macroscale) level, but also presents at the level of a single cardiomyocyte (microscale level). However, transmural differences in intracellular SL variability and its possible dependence on the state of contraction (e.g. end-diastole or end-systole) have not been previously reported. In the present study, we studied three aspects of sarcomere-to-sarcomere variability in intact cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of healthy guinea-pig: 1) transmural differences in SL distribution between subepi- (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) cardiomyocytes; 2) the dependence of intracellular variability in SL upon the state of contraction; 3) local differences in SL variability, comparing SL distributions between central and peripheral regions within the cardiomyocyte. To characterize the intracellular variability of SL, we used different normality tests for the assessment of SL distributions, as well as nonparametric coefficients to quantify the variability. We found that individual SL values in the end-systolic state of contraction followed a normal distribution to a lesser extent as compared to the end-diastolic state of contraction (∼1.3-fold and ∼1.6-fold in ENDO and EPI, respectively). The relative and absolute coefficients of sarcomere-to-sarcomere variability in end-systolic SL were significantly greater (∼1.3-fold) as compared to end-diastolic SL. This was independent of both the transmural region across the left ventricle and the intracellular region within the cardiomyocyte. We conclude that the intracellular variability in SL, which exists in normal intact guinea-pig cardiomyocytes, is affected by the contractile state of the myocyte. This phenomenon may play a role in inter-sarcomere communication in the beating heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Oleg Lookin,
| | - Anastasia Khokhlova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Myachina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Xenia Butova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Laboratoire “Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles”, Phymedexp, INSERM—CNRS - Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pieter de Tombe
- Laboratoire “Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles”, Phymedexp, INSERM—CNRS - Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Yusifov A, Woulfe KC, Bruns DR. Mechanisms and implications of sex differences in cardiac aging. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:20. [PMID: 35419571 PMCID: PMC9004711 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging promotes structural and functional remodeling of the heart, even in the absence of external factors. There is growing clinical and experimental evidence supporting the existence of sex-specific patterns of cardiac aging, and in some cases, these sex differences emerge early in life. Despite efforts to identify sex-specific differences in cardiac aging, understanding how these differences are established and regulated remains limited. In addition to contributing to sex differences in age-related heart disease, sex differences also appear to underlie differential responses to cardiac stress such as adrenergic activation. Identifying the underlying mechanisms of sex-specific differences may facilitate the characterization of underlying heart disease phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of utilizing sex-specific therapeutic approaches for cardiac disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms and implications of sex-specific cardiac aging, how these changes render the heart more susceptible to disease, and how we can target age- and sex-specific differences to advance therapies for both male and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykhan Yusifov
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Danielle R. Bruns
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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8
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Veteto AB, Peana D, Lambert MD, McDonald KS, Domeier TL. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 contributes to stretch-induced hypercontractility and time-dependent dysfunction in the aged heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1887-1896. [PMID: 31693106 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease remains the greatest cause of mortality in Americans over 65. The stretch-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) ion channel is expressed in cardiomyocytes of the aged heart. This investigation tests the hypothesis that TRPV4 alters Ca2+ handling and cardiac function in response to increased ventricular preload and cardiomyocyte stretch. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventricular maximal pressure (PMax) was monitored in isolated working hearts of Aged (24-27 months) mice following preload elevation from 5 to 20mmHg, with and without TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 (HC, 1 µmol/L). In preload responsive hearts, PMax prior to and immediately following preload elevation (i.e. Frank-Starling response) was similar between Aged and Aged+HC. Within 1 min following preload elevation, Aged hearts demonstrated secondary PMax augmentation (Aged>Aged+HC) suggesting a role for stretch-activated TRPV4 in cardiac hypercontractility. However, after 20 min at 20 mmHg Aged exhibited depressed PMax (Aged<Aged+HC) suggestive of TRPV4-dependent contractile dysfunction with sustained stretch. To examine stretch-induced Ca2+ homeostasis at the single-cell level, isolated cardiomyocytes were stretched 10-15% of slack length while measuring intracellular Ca2+ with fura-2. Uniaxial longitudinal stretch increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and triggered Ca2+ overload and terminal cellular contracture in Aged, but not Aged+HC. Preload elevation in hearts of young/middle-age (3-12 months) mice produced an initial PMax increase (Frank-Starling response) without secondary PMax augmentation, and cardiomyocyte stretch did not affect intracellular Ca2+ levels. Hearts of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific TRPV4 expression exhibited PMax similar to 3- to 12-month control mice prior to and immediately following preload elevation but displayed secondary PMax augmentation. Cardiomyocytes of mice with transgenic TRPV4 expression were highly sensitive to mechanical stimulation and exhibited elevated Ca2+ levels, Ca2+ overload, and terminal contracture upon cellular attachment and stretch. CONCLUSION TRPV4 contributes to a stretch-induced increase in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ and cardiac hypercontractility, yet sustained stretch leads to cardiomyocyte Ca2+ overload and contractile dysfunction in the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Veteto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Deborah Peana
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Michelle D Lambert
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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9
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Torrente Y, Bella P, Tripodi L, Villa C, Farini A. Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor 2 across Muscle Homeostasis: Implications for Treating Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020441. [PMID: 32075092 PMCID: PMC7072799 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) plays a major role in binding and regulating the circulating and tissue levels of the mitogenic peptide insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). IGF2/IGF2R interaction influences cell growth, survival, and migration in normal tissue development, and the deregulation of IGF2R expression has been associated with growth-related disease and cancer. IGF2R overexpression has been implicated in heart and muscle disease progression. Recent research findings suggest novel approaches to target IGF2R action. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the IGF2R structure and pathways related to muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Torrente
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0255033874 (Y.T.); +39-0255033852 (A.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Farini
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0255033874 (Y.T.); +39-0255033852 (A.F.)
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10
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Zhu Y, Qu J, He L, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhou Y. Calcium in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Elasticity and Adhesion: Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of Action. Front Physiol 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31440163 PMCID: PMC6693425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the arterial wall. These cells play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis including vasoconstriction and vasodilatation through active contraction and relaxation. Dysregulation of VSMC function alters the response of blood vessels to mechanical stress, contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension. The stiffness of VSMCs is a major regulator of vascular function. Previous studies suggest that intracellular Ca2+ controls the stiffness of VSMCs by a mechanism involving myosin contractile apparatus. More recent studies highlight important functions of cytoskeletal α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), α5β1 integrin, and integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in Ca2+-dependent regulation of VSMC stiffness and adhesion to the ECM, providing novel insights into the mechanism of calcium action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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11
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Yu JK, Sarathchandra P, Chester A, Yacoub M, Brand T, Butcher JT. Cardiac regeneration following cryoinjury in the adult zebrafish targets a maturation-specific biomechanical remodeling program. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15661. [PMID: 30353076 PMCID: PMC6199254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration post-injury is a tantalizing feature of many lower vertebrates such as fishes and urodeles, but absent in adult humans. Restoration of pumping function is a key endpoint of cardiac regeneration, but very little is known about the biomechanical remodeling process. Here, we quantify and compare the evolution of cellular composition and mechanical stiffness of the zebrafish ventricular myocardium during maturation and following cryoinjury during regeneration to better understand the dynamics of biomechanical remodeling during these two processes. With increasing age, normal myocardial trabecular density and cardiomyocyte fraction increased, while non-myocyte cell fractions decreased. Cell density remained constant during maturation. Cardiomyocyte sarcomeres shortened to a minimum reached at 7.5 months of age, but lengthened with additional age. Concomitantly, ventricular wall stiffness increased up until 7.5 months before plateauing with additional age. Endothelial, myofibroblast/smooth muscle, and cardiomyocyte cell fractions were disrupted following cryoinjury, but were progressively restored to age-specific natural norms by 35 days post infarct (DPI). Infarcted myocardium stiffened immediately following cryoinjury and was a 100-fold greater than non-infarcted tissue by 3 DPI. By 14 DPI, stiffness of the infarcted myocardium had fallen below that of 0 DPI and had completely normalized by 35 DPI. Interestingly, cardiomyocyte sarcomere length increased until 14 DPI, but subsequently shortened to lengths below age-specific natural norms, indicating recovery from a volume overloaded condition. These observations are consistent with the view that regenerating myocardium requires biomechanical stimulation (e.g. strain) to rescue from a volume overloaded condition. Intriguingly, the biomechanical progression of the infarcted adult myocardial wall mirrors that of normal remodeling during aging. The biomechanical progression of the infarcted myocardium targets the values of age-specific norms despite a large divergence in initial conditions. These findings identify a novel biomechanical control of heart regeneration that may orchestrate cellular and tissue level remodeling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Yu
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adrian Chester
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Brand
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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12
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Boldt KR, Rios JL, Joumaa V, Herzog W. Force properties of skinned cardiac muscle following increasing volumes of aerobic exercise in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:495-503. [PMID: 29722623 PMCID: PMC6139514 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of chronic endurance exercise training on health and performance have been well documented. These positive effects have been evaluated primarily at the structural level, and work has begun to evaluate mechanical adaptations of the myocardium. However, it remains poorly understood how the volume of exercise training affects cardiac adaptation. To gain some understanding, we subjected 3-mo-old Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 23) to treadmill running for 11 wk at one of three exercise volumes (moderate, high, and extra high). Following training, hearts were excised and mechanical testing was completed on skinned trabecular fiber bundles. Performance on a maximal fitness test was dose dependent on training volume, where greater levels of training led to greater performance. No differences were observed between animals from any group for maximal active stress and passive stress at a sarcomere length of 2.2 µm. Heart mass and passive stress at sarcomere lengths beyond 2.4 µm increased in a dose-dependent manner for animals in the control and moderate- and high-duration groups. However, hearts from animals in the extra high-duration group presented with inhibited responses for heart mass and passive stress, despite performing greatest on a graded treadmill fitness test. These results suggest that heart mass and passive stress adapt in a dose-dependent manner, until exercise becomes excessive and adaptation is inhibited. Our findings are in agreement with the beneficial role exercise has in cardiac adaptation. However, excessive exercise comes with risks of maladaptation, which must be weighed against the desire to increase performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, we present findings on cardiac trabecular muscle passive stiffness and show the effect of excessive exercise on the heart. We demonstrated that heart mass increases with exercise until a maximum, after which greater exercise volume results in inhibited adaptation. At paraphysiological lengths, passive stiffness increases with exercise but to a lesser degree with excessive training. Despite greater performance on graded exercise tests, animals in the highest trained group exhibited possible maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Boldt
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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13
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Novel insights into cardiomyocytes provided by atomic force microscopy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:4-12. [PMID: 28687239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, therefore interest in studying aetiology, hallmarks, progress and therapies for these disorders is constantly growing. Over the last decades, the introduction and development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique allowed the study of biological samples at the micro- and nanoscopic level, hence revealing noteworthy details and paving the way for investigations on physiological and pathological conditions at cellular scale. The present work is aimed to collect and review the literature on cardiomyocytes (CMs) studied by AFM, in order to emphasise the numerous potentialities of this approach and provide a platform for researchers in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Original data are also presented to highlight the application of AFM to characterise the viscoelastic properties of CMs.
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14
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Shen N, Knopf A, Westendorf C, Kraushaar U, Riedl J, Bauer H, Pöschel S, Layland SL, Holeiter M, Knolle S, Brauchle E, Nsair A, Hinderer S, Schenke-Layland K. Steps toward Maturation of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes by Defined Physical Signals. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:122-135. [PMID: 28528699 PMCID: PMC5511039 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) may offer significant advances in creating in vitro cardiac tissues for disease modeling, drug testing, and elucidating developmental processes; however, the induction of ESCs to a more adult-like CM phenotype remains challenging. In this study, we developed a bioreactor system to employ pulsatile flow (1.48 mL/min), cyclic strain (5%), and extended culture time to improve the maturation of murine and human ESC-CMs. Dynamically-cultured ESC-CMs showed an increased expression of cardiac-associated proteins and genes, cardiac ion channel genes, as well as increased SERCA activity and a Raman fingerprint with the presence of maturation-associated peaks similar to primary CMs. We present a bioreactor platform that can serve as a foundation for the development of human-based cardiac in vitro models to verify drug candidates, and facilitates the study of cardiovascular development and disease. Custom-made bioreactor exposes ESC-CMs to defined shear stress and cyclic stretch Physical signals and extended culture significantly improve maturation of ESC-CMs Biochemical fingerprint of dynamically cultured ESC-CMs is similar to primary CMs
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shen
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Anne Knopf
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Claas Westendorf
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- Department of Cell Biology, Electrophysiology, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Julia Riedl
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hannah Bauer
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Simone Pöschel
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Shannon Lee Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Monika Holeiter
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Knolle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Electrophysiology, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Eva Brauchle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ali Nsair
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Svenja Hinderer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (CVRL), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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