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Zhang T, Zhu M, Ma J, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Chen M, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang S, Wei X, Zhang W, Yang X, Little PJ, Kamato D, Hu H, Duan Y, Zhang B, Xiao J, Xu S, Chen Y. Moscatilin inhibits vascular calcification by activating IL13RA2-dependent inhibition of STAT3 and attenuating the WNT3/β-catenin signalling pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38432393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular calcification, a devastating vascular complication accompanying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, increases the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and compromises the efficacy of vascular interventions. However, effective therapeutic drugs and treatments to delay or prevent vascular calcification are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to test the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Moscatilin (also known as dendrophenol) from Dendrobium huoshanense (an eminent traditional Chinese medicine) in suppressing vascular calcification in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (25-week-old) were subjected to nicotine and vitamin D3 (VD3) treatment to induce vascular calcification. In vitro, we established the cellular model of osteogenesis of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) under phosphate conditions. RESULTS By utilizing an in-house drug screening strategy, we identified Moscatilin as a new naturally-occurring chemical entity to reduce HASMC calcium accumulation. The protective effects of Moscatilin against vascular calcification were verified in cultured HASMCs. Unbiased transcriptional profiling analysis and cellular thermal shift assay suggested that Moscatilin suppresses vascular calcification via binding to interleukin 13 receptor subunit A2 (IL13RA2) and augmenting its expression. Furthermore, IL13RA2 was reduced during HASMC osteogenesis, thus promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors via STAT3. We further validated the participation of Moscatilin-inhibited vascular calcification by the classical WNT/β-catenin pathway, among which WNT3 played a key role in this process. Moscatilin mitigated the crosstalk between WNT3/β-catenin and IL13RA2/STAT3 to reduce osteogenic differentiation of HASMCs. CONCLUSION This study supports the potential of Moscatilin as a new naturally-occurring candidate drug for treating vascular calcification via regulating the IL13RA2/STAT3 and WNT3/β-catenin signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jialing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenghong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meijie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoning Wei
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Velidakis N, Khattab E, Christodoulou E, Gkougkoudi E, Valsami G. The Complex Mechanisms and the Potential Effects of Statins on Vascular Calcification: A Narrative Review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:51. [PMID: 39077343 PMCID: PMC11263155 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2502051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex process of calcium deposition on the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques and involves interaction between vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory and VC mediators. The latter are independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and potential targets of pharmaceutical therapy. This paper is a narrative review of the complex mechanisms of VC development and in this context the potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of statins. At the initial stages of atherosclerosis VC correlates with atherosclerosis burden and in the long-term with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A plethora of animal and clinical studies have proposed statins as the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Based on coronary computed tomography data, high doses of statins may have negligible or even positive effects on the progression of coronary artery calcification. Growing data support an increase in atherosclerotic plaque calcification in peripheral arteries (e.g., carotids), after long-term, statin-therapy. Despite the paradox of increasing VC, those effects of statins have been associated with higher plaque stability, reducing the risk of consequent adverse events. Statins seem to promote a "favorable" atherosclerotic calcification, suppressing atherosclerotic lesion expansion and their vulnerability. More studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Stasinopoulou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elina Khattab
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Qin Z, Yu L, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Li C, Zhao S, Xi X, Tian Y, Wang Z, Tian J, Yu B. Coronary artery calcification and plaque stability: an optical coherence tomography study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23191. [PMID: 38149191 PMCID: PMC10750051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a surrogate of atherosclerosis, is related to stent underexpansion and adverse cardiac events. However, the effect of CAC on plaque stability is still controversial and the morphological significance of CAC has yet to be elucidated. Methods A retrospective series of 419 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled. Patients were classified into three groups based on the calcification size in culprit plaques and the features of the culprit and non-culprit plaques among these groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for culprit plaque rupture and the nonlinear relationship between calcification parameters and culprit plaque rupture. Furthermore, we compared the detailed calcification parameters of different kinds of plaques. Results A total of 419 culprit plaques and 364 non-culprit plaques were identified. The incidence of calcification was 53.9 % in culprit plaques and 50.3 % in non-culprit plaques. Compared with culprit plaques without calcification, plaque rupture, macrophages and cholesterol crystals were more frequently observed in the spotty calcification group, and the lipid length was longer; the incidence of macrophages and cholesterol crystals was higher in the macrocalcification group. Calcification tended to be smaller in ruptured plaques than in non-ruptured plaques. Moreover, the arc and length of calcification were greater in culprit plaques than in non-culprit plaques. Conclusions Vulnerable features were more frequently observed in culprit plaques with spotty calcification, whereas the presence of macrocalcification calcifications did not significantly increase plaque vulnerability. Calcification tends to be larger in culprit plaques than in non-culprit plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Suhong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Xi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Chin DD, Patel N, Lee W, Kanaya S, Cook J, Chung EJ. Long-term, in vivo therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles for atherosclerosis. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:327-336. [PMID: 37122900 PMCID: PMC10140752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the build-up of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls. The standard treatment for patients with atherosclerosis is statin therapy aimed to lower serum lipid levels. Despite its widespread use, many patients taking statins continue to experience acute events. Thus, to develop improved and alternative therapies, we previously reported on microRNA-145 (miR-145 micelles) and its ability to inhibit atherosclerosis by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Importantly, one dose of miR-145 micelles significantly abrogated disease progression when evaluated two weeks post-administration. Thus, in this study, to evaluate how long the sustained effects of miR-145 micelles can be maintained and towards identifying a dosing regimen that is practical for patients with chronic disease, the therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles were evaluated for up to two months in vivo. After one and two months post-treatment, miR-145 micelles were found to reduce plaque size and overall lesion area compared to all other controls including statins without causing adverse effects. Furthermore, a single dose of miR-145 micelle treatment inhibited VSMC transdifferentiation into pathogenic macrophage-like and osteogenic cells in plaques. Together, our data shows the long-term efficacy and sustained effects of miR-145 micelles that is amenable using a dosing frequency relevant to chronic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D. Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Neil Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Woori Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Sonali Kanaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Jackson Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
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Hon A, Hsu JJ, Zambrano A, Xia Y, Lu M, Echeverri D, Kalanski S, Umar S, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Effects of activity levels on aortic calcification in hyperlipidemic mice as measured by microPETmicroCT. Atherosclerosis 2023; 380:117198. [PMID: 37579593 PMCID: PMC11146201 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease risk is associated with coronary artery calcification and is mitigated by regular exercise. Paradoxically, elite endurance athletes, who have low risk, are likely to have more coronary calcification, raising questions about the optimal level of activity. METHODS Female hyperlipidemic (Apoe-/-) mice with baseline aortic calcification were subjected to high-speed (18.5 m/min), low-speed (12.5 m/min), or no treadmill exercise for 9 weeks. 18F-NaF microPET/CT images were acquired at weeks 0 and 9, and echocardiography was performed at week 9. RESULTS In controls, aortic calcium content and density increased significantly. Exercise regimens did not alter the time-dependent increase in content, but the increase in mean density was blunted. Interestingly, the low-speed regimen significantly reduced 18F-NaF uptake, a marker of surface area. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function was lower while LV diameter was greater in the low-speed group compared with controls or the high-speed group. In the low-speed group, vertebral bone density by CT decreased significantly, contrary to expectations. Male hyperlipidemic (Apoe-/-) mice were fed a Western diet and also subjected to low-speed or no exercise followed by imaging at weeks 0 and 9. In males, exercise also did not alter the time-dependent increase in aortic calcification. Exercise did not affect 18F-NaF uptake or bone mineral density, but it blunted the diet-induced LV hypertrophy seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in mice, exercise has differential effects on aortic calcification, cardiac function, and skeletal bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hon
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles HealthCare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Zambrano
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mimi Lu
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Echeverri
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Kalanski
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soban Umar
- Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles HealthCare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zambrano A, Tintut Y, Demer LL, Hsu JJ. Potential mechanisms linking high-volume exercise with coronary artery calcification. Heart 2023; 109:1139-1145. [PMID: 36702539 PMCID: PMC10356745 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found an association between high volumes of physical activity and increased levels of coronary artery calcification (CAC) among older male endurance athletes, yet the underlying mechanisms have remained largely elusive. Potential mechanisms include greater exposure to inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and oxidised low-density lipoproteins, as acute strenuous physical activity has been found to enhance their systemic release. Other possibilities include post-exercise elevations in circulating parathyroid hormone, which can modify the amount and morphology of calcific plaque, and long-term exposure to non-laminar blood flow within the coronary arteries during vigorous physical activity, particularly in individuals with pre-existing atherosclerosis. Further, although the association has only been identified in men, the role of testosterone in this process remains unclear. This brief review discusses the association between high-volume endurance exercise and CAC in older men, elaborates on the potential mechanisms underlying the increased calcification, and provides clinical implications and recommendations for those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Zambrano
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wal P, Rathore S, Aziz N, Singh YK, Gupta A. Aortic stenosis: a review on acquired pathogenesis and ominous combination with diabetes mellitus. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:26. [PMID: 37027109 PMCID: PMC10082141 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, with no pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among AS patients is higher than in the general population. DM significantly increases the risk of AS development and progression from mild to severe. The interplay between AS and DM's mechanism is not entirely known yet. MAIN BODY The increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was linked to increased valvular oxidative stress, inflammation, expression of coagulation factors, and signs of calcification, according to an analysis of aortic stenotic valves. It is interesting to note that in diabetic AS patients, valvular inflammation did not correlate with serum glucose levels but rather only with long-term glycemic management markers like glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which has been shown to be safer than surgical aortic valve replacement, is advantageous for AS patients who also have concurrent diabetes. Additionally, novel anti-diabetic medications have been proposed to lower the risk of AS development in DM patients, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that target reduction of AGEs-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS There are little data on the effects of hyperglycemia on valvular calcification, but understanding the interactions between them is essential to develop a successful treatment strategy to stop or at least slow the progression of AS in DM patients. There is a link among AS and DM and that DM negatively impacts the quality of life and longevity of AS patients. The sole successful treatment, despite ongoing efforts to find new therapeutic modalities, involves aortic valve replacement. More research is required to find methods that can slow the advancement of these conditions, enhancing the prognosis and course of people with AS and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495220, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Yash Kumar Singh
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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Seime T, van Wanrooij M, Karlöf E, Kronqvist M, Johansson S, Matic L, Gasser TC, Hedin U. Biomechanical Assessment of Macro-Calcification in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Cells 2022; 11:3279. [PMID: 36291144 PMCID: PMC9600867 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimal calcification and vascular stiffening are predominant features of end-stage atherosclerosis. However, their role in atherosclerotic plaque instability and how the extent and spatial distribution of calcification influence plaque biology remain unclear. We recently showed that extensive macro calcification can be a stabilizing feature of late-stage human lesions, associated with a reacquisition of more differentiated properties of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Here, we hypothesized that biomechanical forces related to macro-calcification within plaques influence SMC phenotype and contribute to plaque stabilization. We generated a finite element modeling (FEM) pipeline to assess plaque tissue stretch based on image analysis of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) of carotid atherosclerotic plaques to visualize calcification and soft tissues (lipids and extracellular matrix) within the lesions. Biomechanical stretch was significantly reduced in tissues in close proximity to macro calcification, while increased levels were observed within distant soft tissues. Applying this data to an in vitro stretch model on primary vascular SMCs revealed upregulation of typical markers for differentiated SMCs and contractility under low stretch conditions but also impeded SMC alignment. In contrast, high stretch conditions in combination with calcifying conditions induced SMC apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the load bearing capacities of macro calcifications influence SMC differentiation and survival and contribute to atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Seime
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max van Wanrooij
- Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Biochemistry & Cell & Tumor Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Christian Gasser
- Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
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Patel NR, Setya K, Pradhan S, Lu M, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Microarchitectural Changes of Cardiovascular Calcification in Response to In Vivo Interventions Using Deep-Learning Segmentation and Computed Tomography Radiomics. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e228-e241. [PMID: 35708025 PMCID: PMC9339530 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary calcification associates closely with cardiovascular risk, but its progress is accelerated in response to some interventions widely used to reduce risk. This paradox suggests that qualitative, not just quantitative, changes in calcification may affect plaque stability. To determine if the microarchitecture of calcification varies with aging, Western diet, statin therapy, and high intensity, progressive exercise, we assessed changes in a priori selected computed tomography radiomic features (intensity, size, shape, and texture). METHODS Longitudinal computed tomography scans of mice (Apoe-/-) exposed to each of these conditions were autosegmented by deep learning segmentation, and radiomic features of the largest deposits were analyzed. RESULTS Over 20 weeks of aging, intensity and most size parameters increased, but surface-area-to-volume ratio (a measure of porosity) decreased, suggesting stabilization. However, texture features (coarseness, cluster tendency, and nonuniformity) increased, suggesting heterogeneity and likely destabilization. Shape parameters showed no significant changes, except sphericity, which showed a decrease. The Western diet had significant effects on radiomic features related to size and texture, but not intensity or shape. In mice undergoing either pravastatin treatment or exercise, the selected radiomic features of their computed tomography scans were not significantly different from those of their respective controls. Interestingly, the total number of calcific deposits increased significantly less in the 2 intervention groups compared with the respective controls, suggesting more coalescence and/or fewer de novo deposits. CONCLUSIONS Thus, aging and standard interventions alter the microarchitectural features of vascular calcium deposits in ways that may alter plaque biomechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Rajesh Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.)
| | - Kulveer Setya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.)
| | - Stuti Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.)
| | - Mimi Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.)
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.).,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles. (L.L.D.).,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles. (L.L.D., Y.T.).,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA (L.L.D., Y.T.)
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. (N.R.P., K.S., S.P., M.L., L.L.D., Y.T.).,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles. (L.L.D., Y.T.).,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles. (Y.T.).,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA (L.L.D., Y.T.)
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10
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Relation of Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium to Dementia (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Am J Cardiol 2022; 171:69-74. [PMID: 35287946 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Baseline coronary artery calcification has been shown to be associated with dementia. However, the value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in the prediction of dementia remains unclear. In this study, we examined the association between CAC progression and dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective study consisting of 6,814 participants 45 to 84 years of age, free of overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. A total of 5,570 subjects had baseline and follow-up CAC scans approximately 2.5 years apart and were included this analysis. A total of 4,173 of these participants completed cognitive testing with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) approximately 10 years after the baseline CAC scan. Dementia diagnoses were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes from hospitalizations, death certificates, and medications used to treat dementia. The absolute change between baseline and follow-up CAC was used to assess CAC progression. Cox proportional hazards and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association of CAC progression with incident dementia and with CASI score. Over a median follow-up of 13.2 (interquartile range: 11.2 to 15.3) years, 350 participants developed incident dementia. CAC progression showed no association with dementia risk after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, vascular risk factors, and baseline CAC score. There was no association of CAC progression with CASI score in any adjusted model. In conclusion, progression of CAC over approximately 2.5 years was not associated with increased risk of dementia after adjustment for demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and baseline CAC.
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11
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Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
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12
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Zhang M, Xie Z, Long H, Ren K, Hou L, Wang Y, Xu X, Lei W, Yang Z, Ahmed S, Zhang H, Zhao G. Current advances in the imaging of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque using nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100236. [PMID: 35341094 PMCID: PMC8943324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the artery wall that pose a significant risk of cardio-cerebral vascular accidents remain the global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early delineation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is of clinical importance for prevention and treatment. The currently available imaging technologies mainly focus on the structural assessment of the vascular wall. Unfortunately, several disadvantages in these strategies limit the improvement in imaging effect. Nanoparticle technology is a novel diagnostic strategy for targeting and imaging pathological biomarkers. New functionalized nanoparticles that detect hallmarks of vulnerable plaques are promising for advance further control of this critical illness. The review aims to address the current opportunities and challenges for the use of nanoparticle technology in imagining vulnerable plaques.
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13
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Hsu JJ, Tintut Y, Demer LL. Lipids and cardiovascular calcification: contributions to plaque vulnerability. Curr Opin Lipidol 2021; 32:308-314. [PMID: 34320564 PMCID: PMC8416796 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular calcification, a common feature of atherosclerotic lesions, has long been known to associate with cardiovascular risk. The roles of lipoproteins in atherosclerosis are also established, and lipid-modifying therapies have shown capacity for plaque regression. However, the association of lipid-modifying therapies with calcification is more complex, and currently no medical therapies have been found to reverse or attenuate calcification in patients. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the interplay between lipids and cardiovascular calcification, as well as new imaging modalities for assessing calcified atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical studies have highlighted the associations of lipoprotein subtypes, such as low-density and high-density lipoprotein particles, as well as lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], with coronary calcification and calcific aortic valve disease. Further, evidence continues to emerge for the utility of fused 18F-sodium fluoride positron-emission tomographic and computed tomographic (18F-NaF PET/CT) imaging in characterizing the microarchitecture and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque, in both humans and animal models. SUMMARY The relationship between lipids and cardiovascular calcification is complex, and new imaging techniques, such as 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging, may allow for better identification of disease-modifying therapies and prediction of calcified plaque progression and stability to help guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Hsu JJ, Fong F, Patel R, Qiao R, Lo K, Soundia A, Chang CC, Le V, Tseng CH, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Changes in microarchitecture of atherosclerotic calcification assessed by 18F-NaF PET and CT after a progressive exercise regimen in hyperlipidemic mice. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2207-2214. [PMID: 31897996 PMCID: PMC7329622 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-02004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the association of physical activity with improved cardiovascular outcomes and the association of high coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores with poor prognosis, elite endurance athletes have increased CAC. Yet, they nevertheless have better cardiovascular survival. We hypothesized that exercise may transform vascular calcium deposits to a more stable morphology. METHODS To test this, hyperlipidemic mice (Apoe-/-) with baseline aortic calcification were separated into 2 groups (n = 9/group) with control mice allowed to move ad-lib while the exercise group underwent a progressive treadmill regimen for 9 weeks. All mice underwent blood collections and in vivo 18F-NaF μPET/μCT imaging both at the start and end of the exercise regimen. At euthanasia, aortic root specimens were obtained for histomorphometry. RESULTS Results showed that, while aortic calcification progressed similarly in both groups based on µCT, the fold change in 18F-NaF density was significantly less in the exercise group. Histomorphometric analysis of the aortic root calcium deposits showed that the exercised mice had a lower mineral surface area index than the control group. The exercise regimen also raised serum PTH levels twofold. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that weeks-long progressive exercise alters the microarchitecture of atherosclerotic calcium deposits by reducing mineral surface growth, potentially favoring plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felicia Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Radha Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rong Qiao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Lo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akrivoula Soundia
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Le
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for the Health Sciences A2-237, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
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15
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Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM, Packard CJ, Bentzon JF, Binder CJ, Daemen MJ, Demer LL, Hegele RA, Nicholls SJ, Nordestgaard BG, Watts GF, Bruckert E, Fazio S, Ference BA, Graham I, Horton JD, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Masana L, Pasterkamp G, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Schunkert H, Taskinen MR, van de Sluis B, Wiklund O, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ginsberg HN. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2313-2330. [PMID: 32052833 PMCID: PMC7308544 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 238.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M John Chapman
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UCSF, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heart Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Bruckert
- INSERM UMRS1166, Department of Endocrinology-Metabolism, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Masana
- Research Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, IISPV, CIBERDEM, University Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Llorenç 21, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, and IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Paritala PK, Yarlagadda T, Mendieta JB, Wang J, McGahan T, Lloyd T, Yarlagadda PKDV, Li Z. Plaque Longitudinal Heterogeneity in Morphology, Property, and Mechanobiology. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:510-519. [PMID: 33951645 DOI: 10.1159/000515690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hemodynamic environment of an atherosclerotic plaque varies along the longitudinal direction. Investigating the changes in plaque morphology and its biomechanical environment along the longitudinal direction and their correlations will enhance our understanding of plaque progression and arterial remodeling. METHODS Six male patients with carotid stenosis >70% were recruited. Multisequence high-resolution MRI was performed at the carotid bifurcation. Carotid endarterectomy was performed following MRI, and the plaque tissue was collected for histological and mechanical testing. Patient-specific biomechanical modeling and simulations were conducted to calculate the mechanical stresses (wall shear stress [WSS] and von Mises stress [VMS]). Changes in plaque cross-sectional morphology, WSS, and VMS as well as their correlations were evaluated. RESULTS Positive correlations were found between % stenosis and % inflammation (MA) (p = 0.019), % lipid area and % MA (p = 0.026), and % calcification area and VMS (p = 0.007). Negative correlations were found between VMS and % stenosis (p = 0.028) and VMS and average WSS (p = 0.034). Moreover, the peak stresses and neovessels were found to be in the shoulder regions. High-stress concentrations were found in the interface regions of the calcification and surrounding tissue, thereby increasing plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS Correlations between the morphology and stresses suggest that arterial remodeling is a dynamic interaction between mechanical environment and plaque progression resulting in plaque heterogeneity. Our finding indicates that plaque heterogeneity is associated with plaque progression and can be combined with mechanical stresses for identifying high-risk plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Kumari Paritala
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tejasri Yarlagadda
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Benitez Mendieta
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jiaqiu Wang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tim McGahan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Xian JZ, Lu M, Fong F, Qiao R, Patel NR, Abeydeera D, Iriana S, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Statin Effects on Vascular Calcification: Microarchitectural Changes in Aortic Calcium Deposits in Aged Hyperlipidemic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e185-e192. [PMID: 33472400 PMCID: PMC7990692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zhaojun Xian
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mimi Lu
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Felicia Fong
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rong Qiao
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nikhil Rajesh Patel
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dishan Abeydeera
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sidney Iriana
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine (J.Z.X., M.L., F.F., R.Q., N.R.P., D.A., S.I., L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
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18
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Kozuń M, Chwiłkowska A, Pezowicz C, Kobielarz M. Influence of atherosclerosis on anisotropy and incompressibility of the human thoracic aortic wall. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Zeng P, Yang J, Liu L, Yang X, Yao Z, Ma C, Zhu H, Su J, Zhao Q, Feng K, Yang S, Zhu Y, Li X, Wang W, Duan Y, Han J, Chen Y. ERK1/2 inhibition reduces vascular calcification by activating miR-126-3p-DKK1/LRP6 pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1129-1146. [PMID: 33391525 PMCID: PMC7738895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Vascular microcalcification increases the risk of rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. Inhibition of ERK1/2 reduces atherosclerosis in animal models while its role in vascular calcification and the underlying mechanisms remains incompletely understood. Methods: Levels of activated ERK1/2, DKK1, LRP6 and BMP2 in human calcific aortic valves were determined. ApoE deficient mice received ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) treatment, followed by determination of atherosclerosis, calcification and miR-126-3p production. C57BL/6J mice were used to determine the effect of U0126 on Vitamin D3 (VD3)-induced medial arterial calcification. HUVECs, HAECs and HASMCs were used to determine the effects of ERK1/2 inhibitor or siRNA on SMC calcification and the involved mechanisms. Results: We observed the calcification in human aortic valves was positively correlated to ERK1/2 activity. At cellular and animal levels, U0126 reduced intimal calcification in atherosclerotic lesions of high-fat diet-fed apoE deficient mice, medial arterial calcification in VD3-treated C57BL/6J mice, and calcification in cultured SMCs and arterial rings. The reduction of calcification was attributed to ERK1/2 inhibition-reduced expression of ALP, BMP2 and RUNX2 by activating DKK1 and LRP6 expression, and consequently inactivating both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in SMCs. Furthermore, we determined ERK1/2 inhibition activated miR-126-3p production by facilitating its maturation through activation of AMPKα-mediated p53 phosphorylation, and the activated miR-126-3p from ECs and SMCs played a key role in anti-vascular calcification actions of ERK1/2 inhibition. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that activation of miR-126-3p production in ECs/SMCs and interactions between ECs and SMCs play an important role in reduction of vascular calcification by ERK1/2 inhibition.
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20
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Michel JB. Phylogenic Determinants of Cardiovascular Frailty, Focus on Hemodynamics and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1779-1837. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system, accompanying the increasing complexity and efficiency of life’s biological functions. The archaic heart enables pulsatile motion waves of hemolymph in invertebrates, and the in-series circulation in fish occurs with only an endothelium, whereas mural smooth muscle cells appear later. The present review focuses on evolution of the circulatory system. In particular, we address how and why this evolution took place from a closed, flowing, longitudinal conductance at low pressure to a flowing, highly pressurized and bifurcating arterial compartment. However, although arterial pressure was the latest acquired hemodynamic variable, the general teleonomy of the evolution of species is the differentiation of individual organ function, supported by specific fueling allowing and favoring partial metabolic autonomy. This was achieved via the establishment of an active contractile tone in resistance arteries, which permitted the regulation of blood supply to specific organ activities via its localized function-dependent inhibition (active vasodilation). The global resistance to viscous blood flow is the peripheral increase in frictional forces caused by the tonic change in arterial and arteriolar radius, which backscatter as systemic arterial blood pressure. Consequently, the arterial pressure gradient from circulating blood to the adventitial interstitium generates the unidirectional outward radial advective conductance of plasma solutes across the wall of conductance arteries. This hemodynamic evolution was accompanied by important changes in arterial wall structure, supported by smooth muscle cell functional plasticity, including contractility, matrix synthesis and proliferation, endocytosis and phagocytosis, etc. These adaptive phenotypic shifts are due to epigenetic regulation, mainly related to mechanotransduction. These paradigms actively participate in cardio-arterial pathologies such as atheroma, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, hypertension, and physiological aging.
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Furmanik M, Chatrou M, van Gorp R, Akbulut A, Willems B, Schmidt H, van Eys G, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Proudfoot D, Biessen E, Hedin U, Perisic L, Mees B, Shanahan C, Reutelingsperger C, Schurgers L. Reactive Oxygen-Forming Nox5 Links Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification. Circ Res 2020; 127:911-927. [PMID: 32564697 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular calcification, the formation of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, precluding mechanism-based therapies. OBJECTIVE Phenotypic switching denotes a loss of contractile proteins and an increase in migration and proliferation, whereby VSMCs are termed synthetic. We examined how VSMC phenotypic switching influences vascular calcification and the possible role of the uniquely calcium-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-forming Nox5 (NADPH oxidase 5). METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro cultures of synthetic VSMCs showed decreased expression of contractile markers CNN-1 (calponin 1), α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), and SM22-α (smooth muscle protein 22α) and an increase in synthetic marker S100A4 (S100 calcium binding protein A4) compared with contractile VSMCs. This was associated with increased calcification of synthetic cells in response to high extracellular Ca2+. Phenotypic switching was accompanied by increased levels of ROS and Ca2+-dependent Nox5 in synthetic VSMCs. Nox5 itself regulated VSMC phenotype as siRNA knockdown of Nox5 increased contractile marker expression and decreased calcification, while overexpression of Nox5 decreased contractile marker expression. ROS production in synthetic VSMCs was cytosolic Ca2+-dependent, in line with it being mediated by Nox5. Treatment of VSMCs with Ca2+ loaded extracellular vesicles (EVs) lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Inhibiting EV endocytosis with dynasore blocked the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and VSMC calcification. Increased ROS production resulted in increased EV release and decreased phagocytosis by VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS We show here that contractile VSMCs are resistant to calcification and identify Nox5 as a key regulator of VSMC phenotypic switching. Additionally, we describe a new mechanism of Ca2+ uptake via EVs and show that Ca2+ induces ROS production in VSMCs via Nox5. ROS production is required for release of EVs, which promote calcification. Identifying molecular pathways that control Nox5 and VSMC-derived EVs provides potential targets to modulate vascular remodeling and calcification in the context of mineral imbalance. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Furmanik
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Martijn Chatrou
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Rick van Gorp
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Asim Akbulut
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Brecht Willems
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Harald Schmidt
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Guillaume van Eys
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Diane Proudfoot
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Erik Biessen
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Barend Mees
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
| | - Leon Schurgers
- From the Biochemistry (M.F., M.C., R.v.G., A.A., B.W., G.v.E., C.R., L.S.) and Pathology (E.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.S.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (M.-L.B.-P.); Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.P.); Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.H., L.P.M.); Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (B.M.); and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (C.S.)
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22
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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23
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Paritala PK, Yarlagadda PKDV, Kansky R, Wang J, Mendieta JB, Gu Y, McGahan T, Lloyd T, Li Z. Stress-Relaxation and Cyclic Behavior of Human Carotid Plaque Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:60. [PMID: 32117939 PMCID: PMC7026010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a catastrophic event that contributes to mortality and long-term disability. A better understanding of the plaque mechanical behavior is essential for the identification of vulnerable plaques pre-rupture. Plaque is subjected to a natural dynamic mechanical environment under hemodynamic loading. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanical response of plaque tissue under cyclic loading conditions. Moreover, experimental data of such mechanical properties are fundamental for more clinically relevant biomechanical modeling and numerical simulations for risk stratification. This study aims to experimentally and numerically characterize the stress-relaxation and cyclic mechanical behavior of carotid plaque tissue. Instron microtester equipped with a custom-developed setup was used for the experiments. Carotid plaque samples excised at endarterectomy were subjected to uniaxial tensile, stress-relaxation, and cyclic loading protocols. Thirty percent of the underlying load level obtained from the uniaxial tensile test results was used to determine the change in mechanical properties of the tissue over time under a controlled testing environment (Control tests). The stress-relaxation test data was used to calibrate the hyperelastic (neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh) and linear viscoelastic (Prony series) material parameters. The normalized relaxation force increased initially and slowly stabilized toward the end of relaxation phase, highlighting the viscoelastic behavior. During the cyclic tests, there was a decrease in the peak force as a function of the cycle number indicating mechanical distension due to repeated loading that varied with different frequencies. The material also accumulated residual deformation, which increased with the cycle number. This trend showed softening behavior of the samples. The results of this preliminary study provide an enhanced understanding of in vivo stress-relaxation and cyclic behavior of the human atherosclerotic plaque tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Kumari Paritala
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhys Kansky
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiaqiu Wang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Benitez Mendieta
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - YuanTong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim McGahan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Shi X, Gao J, Lv Q, Cai H, Wang F, Ye R, Liu X. Calcification in Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: Friend or Foe? Front Physiol 2020; 11:56. [PMID: 32116766 PMCID: PMC7013039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification is a clinical marker of atherosclerosis. This review focuses on recent findings on the association between calcification and plaque vulnerability. Calcified plaques have traditionally been regarded as stable atheromas, those causing stenosis may be more stable than non-calcified plaques. With the advances in intravascular imaging technology, the detection of the calcification and its surrounding plaque components have evolved. Microcalcifications and spotty calcifications represent an active stage of vascular calcification correlated with inflammation, whereas the degree of plaque calcification is strongly inversely related to macrophage infiltration. Asymptomatic patients have a higher content of plaque calcification than that in symptomatic patients. The effect of calcification might be biphasic. Plaque rupture has been shown to correlate positively with the number of spotty calcifications, and inversely with the number of large calcifications. There may be certain stages of calcium deposition that may be more atherogenic. Moreover, superficial calcifications are independently associated with plaque rupture and intraplaque hemorrhage, which may be due to the concentrated and asymmetrical distribution of biological stress in plaques. Conclusively, calcification of differential amounts, sizes, shapes, and positions may play differential roles in plaque homeostasis. The surrounding environments around the calcification within plaques also have impacts on plaque homeostasis. The interactive effects of these important factors of calcifications and plaques still await further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiushi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodi Cai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Qu H, Zhang X, Zhang M, Gao Y, Lu J. Relationship between carotid plaque characteristics and new ischemic lesions after stenting detected by computed tomography angiography. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:47-55. [PMID: 31166696 DOI: 10.1177/0284185119852732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although carotid artery stenting achieves definite benefits, it carries a higher rate of embolization compared with carotid endarterectomy. The incidence of embolization may be related to plaque stability. Purpose To assess for any relationship between plaque characteristics and cerebral emboli following carotid artery stenting. Material and Methods Sixty-three patients with severe carotid stenosis underwent carotid artery stenting. They were divided into two groups according to whether new ischemic lesions were detected on diffusion-weighted imaging after carotid artery stenting. We evaluated the types and locations of calcification in plaques and extent of calcification. We then assessed for a correlation between each of these factors and occurrence of new lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging after carotid artery stenting. Results The locations of calcification, percentage of plaque enhancement, and the number of plaques with irregular surface or ulceration were significantly different between the two groups. A peripheral position of calcification (close to the adventitia), enhancing plaques, and plaques with irregular surfaces or ulceration were statistically significant predictors of intracerebral embolization after carotid artery stenting. No significant differences in type of plaque or degree of calcification were found between two groups. Conclusion Peripheral calcification, enhancing plaques, and plaques with irregular surfaces were risk factors for intracerebral embolization after carotid artery stenting. These plaque characteristics should be considered when choosing the optimal treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Qu
- Radiology department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- Radiology department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Radiology department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, China
| | - Yongan Gao
- Radiology department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Radiology department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, China
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26
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Desai MY, Cremer PC, Schoenhagen P. Thoracic Aortic Calcification: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Management Considerations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:1012-1026. [PMID: 29976300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and for the cardiovascular imager, is predominantly encountered in 4 settings: 1) incidentally, for example, during a coronary artery calcium scan; 2) as part of dedicated screening; 3) in the evaluation of an embolic event; or 4) in procedural planning. This review focuses on TAC in these contexts. Within atherosclerosis, TAC is common, variable in extent, and begins in the intima with a patchy distribution. In metabolic disorders, aortitis, and radiation-associated cardiovascular disease, calcification preferentially involves the media and is often more concentric. As an incidental finding, atherosclerotic TAC provides limited incremental discriminative value, and current data do not support screening. After an embolic event, the demonstration of thoracic atheroma provides diagnostic clarity, but has limited treatment implications. Before any procedure, the plan often changes if the most severe form of TAC, a porcelain aorta, is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Y Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Paul C Cremer
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Schoenhagen
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cardiovascular Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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27
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Smith ER, Hewitson TD, Holt SG. Diagnostic Tests for Vascular Calcification. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:445-463. [PMID: 31831123 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the heterogeneous endpoint of multiple vascular insults, which varies by arterial bed, the layer of the arterial wall affected, and is propagated by diverse cellular and biochemical mechanisms. A variety of in vivo and ex vivo techniques have been applied to the analysis of VC in preclinical studies, but clinical examination has principally relied on a number of noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities for detection and quantitation. Most imaging methods suffer from suboptimal spatial resolution, leading to the inability to distinguish medial from intimal VC and insufficient sensitivity to detect microcalcifications that are indicative of active mineral deposition and of vulnerable plaques which may be prone to rupture. Serum biomarkers lack specificity for VC and cannot discriminate pathology. Overall, uncertainties surrounding the sensitivity and specificity of different VC testing modalities, the absence of a clear cause-effect relationship, and lack of any evidence-based diagnostic or therapeutic protocols in relation to VC testing in chronic kidney disease has yielded weak or ungraded recommendations for their use in clinical practice. While VC is recognized as a key manifestation of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder and those with an increasing burden of VC are considered to be at higher cardiovascular risk, routine screening is not currently recommended.
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28
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Demer LL, Tintut Y. Interactive and Multifactorial Mechanisms of Calcific Vascular and Valvular Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:646-657. [PMID: 31279666 PMCID: PMC6708492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcific vascular and valvular disease (CVVD) is widespread and has major health consequences. Although coronary artery calcification has long been associated with hyperlipidemia and increased mortality, recent evidence suggests that its progression is increased in association with cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ('statins') and long-term, high-intensity exercise. A nationwide trial showed no cardiovascular benefit of vitamin D supplements. Controversy remains as to whether calcium deposits in plaque promote or prevent plaque rupture. CVVD appears to occur through mechanisms similar to those of intramembranous, endochondral, and osteophytic skeletal bone formation. New evidence implicates autotaxin, endothelial-mesenchymal transformation, and microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as novel regulatory factors. New therapeutic options are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA.
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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29
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Strauss HW, Nakahara T, Narula N, Narula J. Vascular Calcification: The Evolving Relationship of Vascular Calcification to Major Acute Coronary Events. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1207-1212. [PMID: 31350320 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification in a coronary artery is accepted as definite evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The extent and density of calcification, as combined in the Agatston score, is associated with the risk of a patient experiencing a major acute coronary event. Atherosclerosis occurs because damaged endothelial cells allow low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) to leak into subintimal tissue. Proteoglycans in subendothelial collagen have a high affinity for LDLc, retaining the lipoprotein cholesterol complex. As the endothelial damage is repaired, the subintimal LDLc is trapped. Retained LDLc induces an inflammatory response in the overlying endothelium, causing the endothelium to express chemotactic peptides. Chemotactic peptides attract circulating monocytes, which follow the concentration gradient, enter the tissue, and become tissue macrophages to phagocytize and digest the irritating LDLc in the atheroma. In the process of digesting LDLc, enzymes in the macrophages oxidize the LDLc complex. Oxidized LDL is toxic to macrophages; when present in sufficient quantity, it may cause death of macrophages, contributing to inflammation in the atheroma. In a necrotic inflammatory lesion, the regulatory mechanisms that control tissue concentrations of calcium and phosphorus are lost, allowing the solubility product of calcium phosphate to be exceeded, resulting in the formation of microscopic calcium-phosphate crystals. With ongoing inflammation, additional calcium-phosphate crystals are formed, which may aggregate. When these aggregated calcium phosphate crystals exceed 1 mm, the lesions become visible on clinical CT as coronary calcifications. Serial gated CT scans of the heart have demonstrated that once formed, CT-visible calcifications do not decrease significantly in size but may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H William Strauss
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Takehiro Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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30
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Demer LL, Tintut Y, Nguyen KL, Hsiai T, Lee JT. Rigor and Reproducibility in Analysis of Vascular Calcification. Circ Res 2019; 120:1240-1242. [PMID: 28408452 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Demer
- From the Department of Medicine (L.L.D., Y.T., K.L.N., T.H.), Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D., T.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology (J.T.L.), and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (J.T.L.), UCLA and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration.
| | - Yin Tintut
- From the Department of Medicine (L.L.D., Y.T., K.L.N., T.H.), Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D., T.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology (J.T.L.), and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (J.T.L.), UCLA and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- From the Department of Medicine (L.L.D., Y.T., K.L.N., T.H.), Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D., T.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology (J.T.L.), and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (J.T.L.), UCLA and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- From the Department of Medicine (L.L.D., Y.T., K.L.N., T.H.), Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D., T.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology (J.T.L.), and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (J.T.L.), UCLA and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration
| | - Jason T Lee
- From the Department of Medicine (L.L.D., Y.T., K.L.N., T.H.), Department of Physiology (L.L.D., Y.T.), Department of Bioengineering (L.L.D., T.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Y.T.), Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology (J.T.L.), and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (J.T.L.), UCLA and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration
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31
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Barrett HE, Van der Heiden K, Farrell E, Gijsen FJH, Akyildiz AC. Calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques and impact on plaque biomechanics. J Biomech 2019; 87:1-12. [PMID: 30904335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The catastrophic mechanical rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular events. The infestation of vascular calcification in the plaques creates a mechanically complex tissue composite. Local stress concentrations and plaque tissue strength properties are the governing parameters required to predict plaque ruptures. Advanced imaging techniques have permitted insight into fundamental mechanisms driving the initiating inflammatory-driven vascular calcification of the diseased intima at the (sub-) micron scale and up to the macroscale. Clinical studies have potentiated the biomechanical relevance of calcification through the derivation of links between local plaque rupture and specific macrocalcification geometrical features. The clinical implications of the data presented in this review indicate that the combination of imaging, experimental testing, and computational modelling efforts are crucial to predict the rupture risk for atherosclerotic plaques. Specialised experimental tests and modelling efforts have further enhanced the knowledge base for calcified plaque tissue mechanical properties. However, capturing the temporal instability and rupture causality in the plaque fibrous caps remains elusive. Is it necessary to move our experimental efforts down in scale towards the fundamental (sub-) micron scales in order to interpret the true mechanical behaviour of calcified plaque tissue interactions that is presented on a macroscale in the clinic and to further optimally assess calcified plaques in the context of biomechanical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J H Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali C Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Calcium-Binding Nanoparticles for Vascular Disease. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Chin DD, Chowdhuri S, Chung EJ. Calcium-binding nanoparticles for vascular disease. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:74-85. [PMID: 31106257 PMCID: PMC6516760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. As CVDs and atherosclerosis develop, plaques begin to form in the blood vessels and become calcified. Calcification within the vasculature and atherosclerotic plaques have been correlated with rupture and consequently, acute myocardial infarction. However, current imaging methods to identify vascular calcification have limitations in determining plaque composition and structure. Nanoparticles can overcome these limitations due to their versatility and ability to incorporate a wide range of targeting and contrast agents. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of calcification in atherosclerosis, their role in instigating plaque instability, and clinical methodologies to detect and analyze vascular calcification. In addition, we highlight the potential of calcium-targeting ligands and nanoparticles to create novel calcium-detecting tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D. Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sampreeti Chowdhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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34
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Tintut Y, Hsu JJ, Demer LL. Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Calcification: Potential Targets and Challenges. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:172. [PMID: 30533416 PMCID: PMC6265366 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a degenerative process, cardiovascular calcification is now established as an active process that is regulated in several ways by lipids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. These compounds serve many of the same functions in vascular and valvular calcification as they do in skeletal bone calcification. Hyperlipidemia leads to accumulation of lipoproteins in the subendothelial space of cardiovascular tissues, which leads to formation of mildly oxidized phospholipids, which are known bioactive factors in vascular cell calcification. One lipoprotein of particular interest is Lp(a), which showed genome-wide significance for the presence of aortic valve calcification and stenosis. It carries an important enzyme, autotaxin, which produces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and thus has a key role in inflammation among other functions. Matrix vesicles, extruded from the plasma membrane of cells, are the sites of initiation of mineral formation. Phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid in the membranes of matrix vesicles, is believed to complex with calcium and phosphate ions, creating a nidus for hydroxyapatite crystal formation in cardiovascular as well as in skeletal bone mineralization. This review focuses on the contributions of lipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins, and autotaxin in cardiovascular calcification, and discusses possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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35
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Chhai P, Rhee K. Effect of distal thickening and stiffening of plaque cap on arterial wall mechanics. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 56:2003-2013. [PMID: 29736635 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of longitudinal variations of cap thickness and tissue properties on wall stresses and strains along the atherosclerotic stenosis, stenotic plaque models (uniformly thick, distally thickened, homogenous, and distally stiffened) were constructed and subjected to computational stress analyses with due consideration of fluid-structure interactions (FSI). The analysis considered three different cap thicknesses-45, 65, and 200 μm-and tissue properties-soft, fibrous, and hard. The maximum peak cap stress (PCS) and strain were observed in the upstream throat section and demonstrated increases of the order of 345 and 190%, respectively, as the cap thickness was reduced from 200 to 45 μm in uniformly thick models. Distal stiffening increased PCS in the downstream region; however, the overall effect of this increase was rather small. Distal thickening did not affect maximum PCS and strain values for cap thicknesses exceeding 65 μm; however, a noticeable increase in maximum PCS and corresponding longitudinal variation (or spatial gradient) in stress was observed in the very thin (45-μm-thick) cap. It was, therefore, inferred that existence of a rather thin upstream cap demonstrating distal cap thickening indicates an increased risk of plaque progression and rupture. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsrorn Chhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, South Korea
| | - Kyehan Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, South Korea.
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36
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Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Maniatis K, Georgiopoulos G, Kokkou E, Tsigkou V, Zaromitidou M, Antonopoulos A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Prognostic significance of arterial stiffness and osteoprotegerin in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29330911 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness and vascular calcification significantly contribute to coronary atherosclerosis progression. The prognostic value of increased arterial stiffness and vascular calcification in subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) is currently under question. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly enrolled 262 patients with stable CAD 1 month after successful PCI. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as a well-established index of central aortic stiffness. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plasma levels were measured as a biomarker of vascular calcification. Patients were followed up prospectively up to 52 months. The primary endpoint was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 48 patients presented the primary composite endpoint. Subjects who presented the primary endpoint, compared to subjects free of cardiovascular events, had significantly increased PWV (9.45 ± 2.19 m/s vs 8.73 ± 2.07 m/s, P = .04) and OPG levels (4.21 ± 2.19 pmol/L vs 3.18 ± 1.74 pmol/L, P = .003). Survival analysis indicated that PWV predicted adverse cardiac events MACE (Hazard ratio = 1.29 95%CI: 1.07-1.57, P = .008) independently from confounders such as age, sex, smoking habits, ejection fraction, extent of coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, for every increase in pulse wave velocity by 1 m/s, there is an anticipated increase in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) by 29%. CONCLUSIONS These findings extend the current knowledge concerning the role of arterial stiffness as powerful biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Measurement of PWV might have a role in ascertaining prognosis and managing treatment in patients with stable CAD after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Maniatis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kokkou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromitidou
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Antonopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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37
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Hsu JJ, Lu J, Umar S, Lee JT, Kulkarni RP, Ding Y, Chang CC, Hsiai TK, Hokugo A, Gkouveris I, Tetradis S, Nishimura I, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Effects of teriparatide on morphology of aortic calcification in aged hyperlipidemic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1203-H1213. [PMID: 29451816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00718.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic vasculopathy correlates with bone loss in osteoporosis in an age-independent manner. Prior work suggests that teriparatide, the bone anabolic treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, may inhibit the onset of aortic calcification. Whether teriparatide affects the progression of preexisting aortic calcification, widespread among this patient population, is unknown. Female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were aged for over 1 yr to induce aortic calcification, treated for 4.5 wk with daily injections of control vehicle (PBS), 40 µg/kg teriparatide (PTH40), or 400 µg/kg teriparatide (PTH400), and assayed for aortic calcification by microcomputed tomography (microCT) before and after treatment. In a followup cohort, aged female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with PBS or PTH400 and assayed for aortic calcification by serial microCT and micropositron emission tomography. In both cohorts, aortic calcification detected by microCT progressed similarly in all groups. Mean aortic 18F-NaF incorporation, detected by serial micropositron emission tomography, increased in the PBS-treated group (+14 ± 5%). In contrast, 18F-NaF incorporation decreased in the PTH400-treated group (-33 ± 20%, P = 0.03). Quantitative histochemical analysis by Alizarin red staining revealed a lower mineral surface area index in the PTH400-treated group compared with the PBS-treated group ( P = 0.04). Furthermore, Masson trichrome staining showed a significant increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricular myocardium of mice that received PTH400 [2.1 ± 0.6% vs. control mice (0.5 ± 0.1%), P = 0.02]. In summary, although teriparatide may not affect the calcium mineral content of aortic calcification, it reduces 18F-NaF uptake in calcified lesions, suggesting the possibility that it may reduce mineral surface area with potential impact on plaque stability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parathyroid hormone regulates bone mineralization and may also affect vascular calcification, which is an important issue, given that its active fragment, teriparatide, is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis. To determine whether teriparatide alters vascular calcification, we imaged aortic calcification in mice treated with teriparatide and control mice. Although teriparatide did not affect the calcium content of cardiovascular deposits, it reduced their fluoride tracer uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinxiu Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ioannis Gkouveris
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
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38
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Cardoso L, Weinbaum S. Microcalcifications, Their Genesis, Growth, and Biomechanical Stability in Fibrous Cap Rupture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:129-155. [PMID: 30315543 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, cardiovascular calcification has been considered as a passive process, accompanying atheroma progression, correlated with plaque burden, and apparently without a major role on plaque vulnerability. Clinical and pathological analyses have previously focused on the total amount of calcification (calcified area in a whole atheroma cross section) and whether more calcification means higher risk of plaque rupture or not. However, this paradigm has been changing in the last decade or so. Recent research has focused on the presence of microcalcifications (μCalcs) in the atheroma and more importantly on whether clusters of μCalcs are located in the cap of the atheroma. While the vast majority of μCalcs are found in the lipid pool or necrotic core, they are inconsequential to vulnerable plaque. Nevertheless, it has been shown that μCalcs located within the fibrous cap could be numerous and that they behave as an intensifier of the background circumferential stress in the cap. It is now known that such intensifying effect depends on the size and shape of the μCalc as well as the proximity between two or more μCalcs. If μCalcs are located in caps with very low background stress, the increase in stress concentration may not be sufficient to reach the rupture threshold. However, the presence of μCalc(s) in the cap with a background stress of about one fifth to one half the rupture threshold (a stable plaque) will produce a significant increase in local stress, which may exceed the cap rupture threshold and thus transform a non-vulnerable plaque into a vulnerable one. Also, the classic view that treats cardiovascular calcification as a passive process has been challenged, and emerging data suggest that cardiovascular calcification may encompass both passive and active processes. The passive calcification process comprises biochemical factors, specifically circulating nucleating complexes, which would lead to calcification of the atheroma. The active mechanism of atherosclerotic calcification is a cell-mediated process via cell death of macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and/or the release of matrix vesicles by SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sheldon Weinbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Haak AJ, Tan Q, Tschumperlin DJ. Matrix biomechanics and dynamics in pulmonary fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2017; 73:64-76. [PMID: 29274939 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The composition and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are dramatically altered during the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Recent evidence indicates that these changes in matrix composition and mechanics are not only end-results of fibrotic remodeling, but active participants in driving disease progression. These insights have stimulated interest in identifying the components and physical aspects of the matrix that contribute to cell activation and disease initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the biomechanics and dynamics of the ECM in mouse models and human IPF, and discusses how matrix mechanical and compositional changes might be non-invasively assessed, therapeutically targeted, and biologically restored to resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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40
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Jiao L, Zhuang Y, Jiang M, Zhou JH, Wu M, Chen ZJ, Fang JH, Deng YS. Angiopoietin-like 2 has auxo-action in atherosclerosis by promoting atherosclerotic calcification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9084-9091. [PMID: 31966781 PMCID: PMC6965476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of angiopoietin-like 2 (Angptl2) on atherosclerotic calcification in aortic artery of ApoE-/- mice. METHODS Twelve 6-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and interventional group (n=6), the control group were fed with high fat diet and the interventional group were fed with high fat diet and at the eighth week interventional group mice were infused (intravenously) with purified recombinant Angptl-2 once a week for one month. All mice were sacrificed when the mice were 16 weeks old, blood was collected and plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were measured, aortic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Von Kossa and were observed under microscope. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity of aorta were measured to measure the degree of vascular calcification. The expressions of Runx2 protein and mRNA levels in aortic sections of mice were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and qRT-PCR respectively. RESULTS The plasma TG, TC and LDLC level in interventional group was significantly higher than that in control group and the expression of Runx2 in aortic had the similar results. HE staining demonstrated significant thickening of the intima, with typical atherosclerotic plaque formation in interventional group mice, and Von Kossa staining showed spotty black clumps of aortic calcification under the fibrous cap plaque, while control group had atherosclerotic plaques without significant calcium deposits formation; The quantitative analysis showed that aortic vascular wall calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Angptl-2 could increase ApoE-/- mice plasma lipid level, it also facilitate the expression of Runx2, calcium content and ALP activity in aortic and then accelerate atherosclerotic calcification. Our experiments demonstrated that Angptl2 could accelerate atherosclerotic calcification. It reminded us that by controlling or decreasing the Anglt-2 level in plasma could help inhibit atherosclerotic calcification and then provides a new target to prevent coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Hai Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Sheng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
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Hodroge A, Trécherel E, Cornu M, Darwiche W, Mansour A, Ait-Mohand K, Verissimo T, Gomila C, Schembri C, Da Nascimento S, Elboutachfaiti R, Boullier A, Lorne E, Courtois J, Petit E, Toumieux S, Kovensky J, Sonnet P, Massy ZA, Kamel S, Rossi C, Ausseil J. Oligogalacturonic Acid Inhibits Vascular Calcification by Two Mechanisms: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Osteogenic Conversion and Interaction With Collagen. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1391-1401. [PMID: 28522698 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Calcification of the vessel wall is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients having many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease. Vascular calcification is actively regulated by inductive and inhibitory mechanisms (including vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation) and results from an active osteogenic process. During the calcification process, extracellular vesicles (also known as matrix vesicles) released by vascular smooth muscle cells interact with type I collagen and then act as nucleating foci for calcium crystallization. Our primary objective was to identify new, natural molecules that inhibit the vascular calcification process. APPROACH AND RESULTS We have found that oligogalacturonic acids (obtained by the acid hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid) reduce in vitro inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by 80% and inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of isolated rat aortic rings by 50%. A specific oligogalacturonic acid with a degree of polymerization of 8 (DP8) was found to inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and, thus, prevent the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. We also evidenced in biochemical and immunofluorescence assays a direct interaction between matrix vesicles and type I collagen via the GFOGER sequence (where single letter amino acid nomenclature is used, O=hydroxyproline) thought to be involved in interactions with several pairs of integrins. CONCLUSIONS DP8 inhibits vascular calcification development mainly by inhibition of osteogenic marker expression but also partly by masking the GFOGER sequence-thereby, preventing matrix vesicles from binding to type I collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hodroge
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Eric Trécherel
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Walaa Darwiche
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Ali Mansour
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Katia Ait-Mohand
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Cathy Gomila
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Carole Schembri
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Sophie Da Nascimento
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Redouan Elboutachfaiti
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Agnès Boullier
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Lorne
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Josiane Courtois
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Sylvestre Toumieux
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - José Kovensky
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Ziad A Massy
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Claire Rossi
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.)
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.).
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Free DNA precipitates calcium phosphate apatite crystals in the arterial wall in vivo. Atherosclerosis 2017; 259:60-67. [PMID: 28292668 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The arterial wall calcium score and circulating free DNA levels are now used in clinical practice as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Calcium phosphate apatite retention in the arterial wall necessitates precipitation on an anionic platform. Here, we explore the role of tissue-free DNA as such a platform. METHODS The first step consisted of histological observation of samples from human and rat calcified arteries. Various stains were used to evaluate colocalization of free DNA with calcified tissue (alizarin red, fluorescent Hoechst, DNA immunostaining and TUNEL assay). Sections were treated by EDTA to reveal calcification background. Secondly, a rat model of vascular calcifications induced by intra-aortic infusions of free DNA and elastase + free DNA was developed. Rat aortas underwent a micro-CT for calcium score calculation at 3 weeks. Rat and human calcifications were qualitatively characterized using μFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μFTIR) and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). RESULTS Our histological study shows colocalization of calcified arterial plaques with free DNA. In the intra-aortic infusion model, free DNA was able to penetrate into the arterial wall and induce calcifications whereas no microscopic calcification was seen in control aortas. The calcification score in the elastase + free DNA group was significantly higher than in the control groups. Qualitative evaluation with μFTIR and FE-SEM demonstrated typical calcium phosphate retention in human and rat arterial specimens. CONCLUSIONS This translational study demonstrates that free DNA could be involved in arterial calcification formation by precipitating calcium phosphate apatite crystals in the vessel wall.
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Senguttuvan NB, Kumar S, Lee WS, Mishra S, Cho JH, Kwon JE, Hyeon SH, Jeong YS, Won H, Shin SY, Lee KJ, Kim TH, Kim CJ, Kim SW. Plaque Vulnerability as Assessed by Radiofrequency Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients with Valvular Calcification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165885. [PMID: 27806099 PMCID: PMC5091909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac valvular calcification is associated with the overall coronary plaque burden and considered an independent cardiovascular risk and prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of valvular calcification and plaque morphology and/or vulnerability. Methods Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess valvular calcification in 280 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound (Virtual Histology IVUS, VH-IVUS). A propensity score–matched cohort of 192 patients (n = 96 in each group) was analyzed. Thin-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA) was defined as a necrotic core (NC) >10% of the plaque area with a plaque burden >40% and NC in contact with the lumen for ≥3 image slices. A remodeling index (lesion/reference vessel area) >1.05 was considered to be positive. Results Patients were divided into two groups: any calcification in at least one valve (152 patients) vs. no detectable valvular calcification (128 patients). Groups were similar in terms of age, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, and angiographic analysis after propensity score-matched analysis. Gray-scale IVUS analysis showed that the vessel size, plaque burden, minimal lumen area, and remodeling index were similar. By VH-IVUS, % NC and % dense calcium (DC) were greater in patients with valvular calcification (p = 0.024, and p = 0.016, respectively). However, only % DC was higher at the maximal NC site by propensity score-matched analysis (p = 0.029). The frequency of VH-TCFA occurrence was higher depending on the complexity (p = 0.0064) and severity (p = 0.013) of valvular calcification. Conclusions There is a significant relationship between valvular calcifications and VH-IVUS assessment of TCFAs. Valvular calcification indicates a greater atherosclerosis disease complexity (increased calcification of the coronary plaque) and vulnerable coronary plaques (higher incidence of VH-TCFA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharath Kumar
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sundeep Mishra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jun Hwan Cho
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Kwon
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Seong Hyeop Hyeon
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Yun Sang Jeong
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Hoyoun Won
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Shin
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Kwang Je Lee
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Chee Jeong Kim
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Heart Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, Korea
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Terzian Z, Gasser TC, Blackwell F, Hyafil F, Louedec L, Deschildre C, Ghodbane W, Dorent R, Nicoletti A, Morvan M, Nejjari M, Feldman L, Pavon-Djavid G, Michel JB. Peristrut microhemorrhages: a possible cause of in-stent neoatherosclerosis? Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 26:30-38. [PMID: 27865168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent neoatherosclerosis is characterized by the delayed appearance of markers of atheroma in the subintima, but the pathophysiology underlying this new disease entity remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 20 human coronary artery stents by removal from explanted hearts. The mean duration of stent implantation was 34 months. In all samples, neoatherosclerosis was detected, particularly in peristrut areas. It consisted of foam cells and cholesterol clefts, with or without calcification, associated with neovascularization. Iron and glycophorin-A were present in peristrut areas, as well as autofluorescent ceroids. Moreover, in response to neoatherosclerosis, tertiary lymphoid organs (tissue lymphoid clusters) often developed in the adventitia. Some of these features could be reproduced in an experimental carotid stenting model in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Foam cells were present in all samples, and peristrut red blood cells (RBCs) were also detected, as shown by iron deposits and Bandeiraea simplicifiola isolectin-B4 staining of RBC membranes. Finally, in silico models were used to evaluate the compliance mismatch between the rigid struts and the distensible arterial wall using finite element analysis. They show that stenting approximately doubles the local von Mises stress in the intimal layer. CONCLUSIONS We show here that stent implantation both in human and in rabbit arteries is characterized by local peristrut microhemorrhages and finally by both cholesterol accumulation and oxidation, triggering together in-stent neoatherosclerosis. Our data indicate that these processes are likely initiated by an increased mechanical stress due to the compliance mismatch between the rigid stent and the soft wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaven Terzian
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - T Christian Gasser
- Department of Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francis Blackwell
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Deschildre
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Walid Ghodbane
- Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Richard Dorent
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marion Morvan
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Nejjari
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Interventional Cardiology, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Feldman
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Departments of Cardiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU-FIRE, RHU iVASC, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Paris13-Nord University-Villetaneuse, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- INSERM U1148, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, DHU-FIRE, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
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Hsu JJ, Lim J, Tintut Y, Demer LL. Cell-matrix mechanics and pattern formation in inflammatory cardiovascular calcification. Heart 2016; 102:1710-1715. [PMID: 27406839 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as atherosclerotic calcification and calcific aortic valve disease, are widespread and clinically significant, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Vascular cells, like bone cells, interact with their matrix substrate through molecular signals, and through biomechanical signals, such as traction forces transmitted from cytoskeleton to matrix. The interaction of contractile vascular cells with their matrix may be one of the most important factors controlling pathological mineralisation of the artery wall and cardiac valves. In many respects, the matricrine and matrix mechanical changes in calcific vasculopathy and valvulopathy resemble those occurring in embryonic bone development and normal bone mineralisation. The matrix proteins provide a microenvironment for propagation of crystal growth and provide mechanical cues to the cells that direct differentiation. Small contractions of the cytoskeleton may tug on integrin links to sites on matrix proteins, and thereby sense the stiffness, possibly through deformation of binding proteins causing release of differentiation factors such as products of the members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Inflammation and matrix characteristics are intertwined: inflammation alters the matrix such as through matrix metalloproteinases, while matrix mechanical properties affect cellular sensitivity to inflammatory cytokines. The adhesive properties of the matrix also regulate self-organisation of vascular cells into patterns through reaction-diffusion phenomena and left-right chirality. In this review, we summarise the roles of extracellular matrix proteins and biomechanics in the development of inflammatory cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jina Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sakaguchi M, Hasegawa T, Ehara S, Matsumoto K, Mizutani K, Iguchi T, Ishii H, Nakagawa M, Shimada K, Yoshiyama M. New insights into spotty calcification and plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study. Heart Vessels 2016; 31:1915-1922. [PMID: 26945869 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although recent optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies have focused on spotty calcification, whether there were any characteristics in the concomitant existence of calcification and plaque rupture remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of spotty calcification in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with or without plaque rupture, using OCT. This study enrolled 98 consecutive patients with ACS. OCT image acquisitions were performed in the culprit lesions, and patients were divided into the plaque rupture group (n = 38) and the non-rupture group (n = 60). The frequency of spotty calcification (p = 0.006), thin-capped fibroatheroma (p = 0.012), macrophage infiltration (p = 0.022), and the number of spotty calcification per patient (p < 0.001) were significantly higher and the largest arc and the minimum depth of spotty calcification from the luminal surface were significantly smaller in the rupture group. Moreover, in the rupture group, most of the spotty calcifications in the site nearest to the minimum lumen area were observed in the proximal portion of that site, and tended to be located near the plaque rupture. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of spotty calcification (OR 3.19, 95 % CI 1.12-9.76, p = 0.030) and age (OR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.02-1.14, p = 0.008) were independent predictive factors for plaque rupture. This study demonstrates the characteristics of spotty calcification in ACS patients with plaque rupture and the positional relationship between spotty calcification and plaque rupture. These detailed observations could impact on treatment strategies for the prevention of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikumo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Takao Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Ehara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mizutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iguchi
- Department of Medicine, Bell-land General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Kenei Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan
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Barrett H, Cunnane E, Kavanagh E, Walsh M. On the effect of calcification volume and configuration on the mechanical behaviour of carotid plaque tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 56:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease, coronary atherosclerotic plaques are not uniformly distributed in the vascular tree. Experimental and clinical data highlight that biomechanical forces, including wall shear stress (WSS) and plaque structural stress (PSS), have an important role in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell function is heavily influenced by changes in WSS, and longitudinal animal and human studies have shown that coronary regions with low WSS undergo increased plaque growth compared with high WSS regions. Local alterations in WSS might also promote transformation of stable to unstable plaque subtypes. Plaque rupture is determined by the balance between PSS and material strength, with plaque composition having a profound effect on PSS. Prospective clinical studies are required to ascertain whether integrating mechanical parameters with medical imaging can improve our ability to identify patients at highest risk of rapid disease progression or sudden cardiac events.
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Davaine JM, Quillard T, Chatelais M, Guilbaud F, Brion R, Guyomarch B, Brennan MÁ, Heymann D, Heymann MF, Gouëffic Y. Bone Like Arterial Calcification in Femoral Atherosclerotic Lesions: Prevalence and Role of Osteoprotegerin and Pericytes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 51:259-67. [PMID: 26652270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Arterial calcification, a process that mimics bone formation, is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and has a significant impact on surgical and endovascular procedures and outcomes. Research efforts have focused mainly on the coronary arteries, while data regarding the femoral territory remain scarce. METHODS Femoral endarterectomy specimens, clinical data, and plasma from a cohort of patients were collected prospectively. Histological analysis was performed to characterize the cellular populations present in the atherosclerotic lesions, and that were potentially involved in the formation of bone like arterial calcification known as osteoid metaplasia (OM). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and cell culture assays were conducted in order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of OM in the lesions. RESULTS Twenty-eight of the 43 femoral plaques (65%) displayed OM. OM included osteoblast and osteoclast like cells, but very few of the latter exhibited the functional ability to resorb mineral tissue. As in bone, osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly associated with the presence of OM (p = .04). Likewise, a high plasma OPG/receptor activator for the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) ratio was significantly associated with the presence of OM (p = .03). At the cellular level, there was a greater presence of pericytes in OM+ compared with OM- lesions (5.59 ± 1.09 vs. 2.42 ± 0.58, percentage of area staining [region of interest]; p = .04); in vitro, pericytes were able to inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting that they are involved in regulating arterial calcification. CONCLUSION These results suggest that bone like arterial calcification (OM) is highly prevalent at femoral level. Pericyte cells and the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad seem to be critical to the formation of this ectopic osteoid tissue and represent interesting potential therapeutic targets to reduce the clinical impact of arterial calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Davaine
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier René-Dubos, Pontoise, France; Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - M Chatelais
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - F Guilbaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes F-44035, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - R Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes F-44035, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - B Guyomarch
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - D Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes F-44035, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - M-F Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Y Gouëffic
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.
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Abstract
Arterial calcification is highly prevalent and correlated with cardiovascular mortality, especially in patients with ESRD or diabetes. The pathogenesis of arterial calcification is multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental factors being implicated. In recent years, several mechanisms contributing to arterial calcification have been proposed. However, these can only explain a small proportion of the variability in arterial calcification, which is a major obstacle for its prevention and management. Epigenetics has emerged as one of the most promising areas that may fill in some of the gaps in our current knowledge of the interaction between the environmental insults with gene regulation in the development of diseases. Epigenetics refers to heritable and acquired changes in gene transcription that occur independently of the DNA sequence. Well-known components of epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Epigenetics research in the regulation of arterial calcification has only recently been elucidated. In this review, we will summarise recent progress in epigenetic pathways involved in arterial calcification and discuss potential therapeutic interventions based on epigenetic mechanisms.
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