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Nakamura E, Aoki T, Endo Y, Kazmi J, Hagiwara J, Kuschner CE, Yin T, Kim J, Becker LB, Hayashida K. Organ-Specific Mitochondrial Alterations Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:477. [PMID: 38672748 PMCID: PMC11050834 DOI: 10.3390/life14040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is triggered by systemic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and affects various organs, is a key factor in the development of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). Current research on PCAS primarily addresses generalized mitochondrial responses, resulting in a knowledge gap regarding organ-specific mitochondrial dynamics. This review focuses on the organ-specific mitochondrial responses to IR injury, particularly examining the brain, heart, and kidneys, to highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to enhance outcomes post-IR injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a narrative review examining recent advancements in mitochondrial research related to IR injury. Mitochondrial responses to IR injury exhibit considerable variation across different organ systems, influenced by unique mitochondrial structures, bioenergetics, and antioxidative capacities. Each organ demonstrates distinct mitochondrial behaviors that have evolved to fulfill specific metabolic and functional needs. For example, cerebral mitochondria display dynamic responses that can be both protective and detrimental to neuronal activity and function during ischemic events. Cardiac mitochondria show vulnerability to IR-induced oxidative stress, while renal mitochondria exhibit a unique pattern of fission and fusion, closely linked to their susceptibility to acute kidney injury. This organ-specific heterogeneity in mitochondrial responses requires the development of tailored interventions. Progress in mitochondrial medicine, especially in the realms of genomics and metabolomics, is paving the way for innovative strategies to combat mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging techniques such as mitochondrial transplantation hold the potential to revolutionize the management of IR injury in resuscitation science. CONCLUSIONS The investigation into organ-specific mitochondrial responses to IR injury is pivotal in the realm of resuscitation research, particularly within the context of PCAS. This nuanced understanding holds the promise of revolutionizing PCAS management, addressing the unique mitochondrial dysfunctions observed in critical organs affected by IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakamura
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Tomoaki Aoki
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Jacob Kazmi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Jun Hagiwara
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Cyrus E. Kuschner
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Lance B. Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (E.N.); (T.A.); (Y.E.); (J.K.); (J.H.); (C.E.K.); (T.Y.); (J.K.); (L.B.B.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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2
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McCully JD, del Nido PJ, Emani SM. Mitochondrial transplantation: the advance to therapeutic application and molecular modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1268814. [PMID: 38162128 PMCID: PMC10757322 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1268814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation provides a novel methodology for rescue of cell viability and cell function following ischemia-reperfusion injury and applications for other pathologies are expanding. In this review we present our methods and acquired data and evidence accumulated to support the use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro J. del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sitaram M. Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Maslov LN, Popov SV, Naryzhnaya NV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Kurbatov BK, Derkachev IA, Boshchenko AA, Prasad NR, Ma H, Zhang Y, Sufianova GZ, Fu F, Pei JM. K ATP channels are regulators of programmed cell death and targets for the creation of novel drugs against ischemia/reperfusion cardiac injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1020-1049. [PMID: 37218378 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a mortality rate of 5%-7%. It is clear that there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can effectively prevent cardiac reperfusion injury. ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP ) channel openers (KCOs) can be classified as such drugs. RESULTS KCOs prevent irreversible ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. KATP channel opening promotes inhibition of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and stimulation of autophagy. KCOs prevent the development of cardiac adverse remodeling and improve cardiac contractility in reperfusion. KCOs exhibit antiarrhythmic properties and prevent the appearance of the no-reflow phenomenon in animals with coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Diabetes mellitus and a cholesterol-enriched diet abolish the cardioprotective effect of KCOs. Nicorandil, a KCO, attenuates major adverse cardiovascular event and the no-reflow phenomenon, reduces infarct size, and decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect of KCOs is mediated by the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP ) and sarcolemmal KATP (sarcKATP ) channels, triggered free radicals' production, and kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Mukhomedzyanov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Derkachev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alla A Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Galina Z Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Ming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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4
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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5
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McCully JD, Del Nido PJ, Emani SM. Mitochondrial Transplantation for Organ Rescue. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:27-33. [PMID: 35217248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation involves the replacement or augmentation of native mitochondria damaged, by ischemia, with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria isolated from non-ischemic tissue obtained from the patient's own body. The uptake and cellular functional integration of the transplanted mitochondria appears to occur in all cell types. Efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in cell culture, isolated perfused organ, in vivo large animal studies and in a first-human clinical study. Herein, we review our findings and provide insight for use in the treatment of organ ischemia- reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sitaram M Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Bland AR, Payne FM, Ashton JC, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The cardioprotective actions of statins in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction associated with myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105986. [PMID: 34800627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During cardiac reperfusion after myocardial infarction, the heart is subjected to cascading cycles of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Patients presenting with this injury succumb to myocardial dysfunction resulting in myocardial cell death, which contributes to morbidity and mortality. New targeted therapies are required if the myocardium is to be protected from this injury and improve patient outcomes. Extensive research into the role of mitochondria during ischaemia and reperfusion has unveiled one of the most important sites contributing towards this injury; specifically, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The opening of this pore occurs during reperfusion and results in mitochondria swelling and dysfunction, promoting apoptotic cell death. Activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) channels, uncoupling proteins, and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation have been identified to delay mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and reduce reactive oxygen species formation, thereby decreasing infarct size. Statins have recently been identified to provide a direct cardioprotective effect on these specific mitochondrial components, all of which reduce the severity of myocardial IRI, promoting the ability of statins to be a considerate preconditioning agent. This review will outline what has currently been shown in regard to statins cardioprotective effects on mitochondria during myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Bland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fergus M Payne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John C Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Tukhovskaya EA, Shaykhutdinova ER, Ismailova AM, Slashcheva GA, Prudchenko IA, Mikhaleva II, Khokhlova ON, Murashev AN, Ivanov VT. DSIP-Like KND Peptide Reduces Brain Infarction in C57Bl/6 and Reduces Myocardial Infarction in SD Rats When Administered during Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:407. [PMID: 33918965 PMCID: PMC8069497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural analogue of the DSIP, peptide KND, previously showed higher detoxification efficacy upon administration of the cytotoxic drug cisplatin, compared to DSIP. DSIP and KND were investigated using the model of acute myocardial infarction in male SD rats and the model of acute focal stroke in C57Bl/6 mice. A significant decrease in the myocardial infarction area was registered in KND-treated animals relative to saline-treated control animals (19.1 ± 7.3% versus 42.1 ± 9.2%). The brain infarction volume was significantly lower in animals intranasally treated with KND compared to the control saline-treated animals (7.4 ± 3.5% versus 12.2 ± 5.6%). Injection of KND in the first minute of reperfusion in the models of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke reduced infarction of these organs, indicating a pronounced cardioprotective and neuroprotective effect of KND and potentiality for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injuries after transient ischemic attacks on the heart and brain, when administered during the reperfusion period. A preliminary pilot study using the model of myocardial infarction with the administration of DSIP during occlusion, and the model of cerebral stroke with the administration of KND during occlusion, resulted in 100% mortality in animals. Thus, in the case of ischemia-reperfusion injuries of the myocardium and the brain, use of these peptides is only possible during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Alina M. Ismailova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Igor A. Prudchenko
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
| | - Inessa I. Mikhaleva
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
| | - Oksana N. Khokhlova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (E.R.S.); (A.M.I.); (G.A.S.); (O.N.K.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Vadim T. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (I.I.M.); (V.T.I.)
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8
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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9
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Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel therapeutic intervention to treat ischemia-reperfusion-related disorders. This approach uses replacement of native mitochondria with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria isolated from non-ischemic tissue obtained from the patient's own body, to overcome the many deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on native mitochondria. The safety and efficacy of this methodology has been demonstrated in cell culture, animal models and has been shown to be safe and efficacious in a phase I clinical trial in pediatric cardiac patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury. These studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial transplantation rescues myocardial cellular viability and significantly enhances postischemic myocardial function following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Herein, we describe methodologies for the delivery of isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P Doulamis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Shin B, Saeed MY, Esch JJ, Guariento A, Blitzer D, Moskowitzova K, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Orfany A, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Cowan DB, Inkster JA, Snay ER, Staffa SJ, Packard AB, Zurakowski D, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. A Novel Biological Strategy for Myocardial Protection by Intracoronary Delivery of Mitochondria: Safety and Efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:871-888. [PMID: 31909298 PMCID: PMC6938990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the determinant insult of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Autologous mitochondrial transplantation involves supplying one's healthy mitochondria to the ischemic region harboring damaged mitochondria. The authors used in vivo swine to show that mitochondrial transplantation in the heart by intracoronary delivery is safe, with specific distribution to the heart, and results in significant increase in coronary blood flow, which requires intact mitochondrial viability, adenosine triphosphate production, and, in part, the activation of vascular KIR channels. Intracoronary mitochondrial delivery after temporary regional ischemia significantly improved myocardial function, perfusion, and infarct size. The authors concluded that intracoronary delivery of mitochondria is safe and efficacious therapy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse J Esch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanna Ramirez-Barbieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A Inkster
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin R Snay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Zurakowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Moskowitzova K, Shin B, Liu K, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Guariento A, Blitzer D, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Yao R, Snay ER, Inkster JAH, Orfany A, Zurakowski D, Cowan DB, Packard AB, Visner GA, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation prolongs cold ischemia time in murine heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 38:92-99. [PMID: 30391192 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold ischemia time (CIT) causes ischemia‒reperfusion injury to the mitochondria and detrimentally effects myocardial function and tissue viability. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces damaged mitochondria and enhances myocardial function and tissue viability. Herein we investigated the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in enhancing graft function and viability after prolonged CIT. METHODS Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in C57BL/6J mice. Upon heart harvesting from C57BL/6J donors, 0.5 ml of either mitochondria (1 × 108 in respiration buffer; mitochondria group) or respiration buffer (vehicle group) was delivered antegrade to the coronary arteries via injection to the coronary ostium. The hearts were excised and preserved for 29 ± 0.3 hours in cold saline (4°C). The hearts were then heterotopically transplanted. A second injection of either mitochondria (1 × 108) or respiration buffer (vehicle) was delivered antegrade to the coronary arteries 5 minutes after transplantation. Grafts were analyzed for 24 hours. Beating score, graft function, and tissue injury were measured. RESULTS Beating score, calculated ejection fraction, and shortening fraction were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), whereas necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the mitochondria group as compared with the vehicle group at 24 hours of reperfusion. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of contraction bands in vehicle but not in mitochondria grafts. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial transplantation prolongs CIT to 29 hours in the murine heart transplantation model, significantly enhances graft function, and decreases graft tissue injury. Mitochondrial transplantation may provide a means to reduce graft failure and improve transplantation outcomes after prolonged CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin R Snay
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A H Inkster
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan B Packard
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary A Visner
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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12
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Emani SM, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation: applications for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. Transl Pediatr 2018; 7:169-175. [PMID: 29770298 PMCID: PMC5938257 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation refers to transplantation of respiratory competent mitochondria from healthy tissue into tissues injured by ischemia and reperfusion. This technique has been utilized for recovery of myocardial dysfunction in pediatric patients. The preclinical experience and initial patient experience with this technique are reviewed in this article. Initial experience is with pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The initial pediatric experience suggests low side effect profile with favorable efficacy in a small group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaram M Emani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
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13
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Transit and integration of extracellular mitochondria in human heart cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17450. [PMID: 29234096 PMCID: PMC5727261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue ischemia adversely affects the function of mitochondria, which results in impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and compromised recovery of the affected organ. The impact of ischemia on mitochondrial function has been extensively studied in the heart because of the morbidity and mortality associated with injury to this organ. As conventional methods to preserve cardiac cell viability and contractile function following ischemia are limited in their efficacy, we developed a unique approach to protect the heart by transplanting respiration-competent mitochondria to the injured region. Our previous animal experiments showed that transplantation of isolated mitochondria to ischemic heart tissue leads to decreases in cell death, increases in energy production, and improvements in contractile function. We also discovered that exogenously-derived mitochondria injected or perfused into ischemic hearts were rapidly internalised by cardiac cells. Here, we used three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to determine the intracellular fate of endocytosed exogenous mitochondria in human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes and primary cardiac fibroblasts. We found isolated mitochondria are incorporated into cardiac cells within minutes and then transported to endosomes and lysosomes. The majority of exogenous mitochondria escape from these compartments and fuse with the endogenous mitochondrial network, while some of these organelles are degraded through hydrolysis.
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14
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Shin B, Cowan DB, Emani SM, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial Transplantation in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:595-619. [PMID: 28551809 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Mitochondria are the power plant of the cardiomyocyte, generating more than 95% of the cardiac ATP. Complex cellular responses to myocardial ischemia converge on mitochondrial malfunction which persists and increases after reperfusion, determining the extent of cellular viability and post-ischemic functional recovery. In a quest to ameliorate various points in pathways from mitochondrial damage to myocardial necrosis, exhaustive pharmacologic and genetic tools have targeted various mediators of ischemia and reperfusion injury and procedural techniques without applicable success. The new concept of replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria at the onset of reperfusion by auto-transplantation is emerging not only as potential therapy of myocardial rescue, but as gateway to a deeper understanding of mitochondrial metabolism and function. In this chapter, we explore the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction during ischemia and reperfusion, current developments in the methodology of mitochondrial transplantation, mechanisms of cardioprotection and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sitaram M Emani
- Division of Cardiovascular Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, William E. Ladd Professor of Child Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
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15
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Mitochondrial transplantation: From animal models to clinical use in humans. Mitochondrion 2017; 34:127-134. [PMID: 28342934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel therapeutic intervention to treat ischemia/reperfusion related disorders. The method for mitochondrial transplantation is simple and rapid and can be delivered to the end organ either by direct injection or vascular infusion. In this review, we provide mechanistic and histological studies in large animal models and present data to show clinical efficacy in human patients.
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16
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Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q, Tandler B, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion: Implications for Novel Therapies. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 57:535-565. [PMID: 27860548 PMCID: PMC11060135 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key participants in and regulators of myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. This review examines the sites of damage to cardiac mitochondria during ischemia and focuses on the impact of these defects. The concept that mitochondrial damage during ischemia leads to cardiac injury during reperfusion is addressed. The mechanisms that translate ischemic mitochondrial injury into cellular damage, during both ischemia and early reperfusion, are examined. Next, we discuss strategies that modulate and counteract these mechanisms of mitochondrial-driven injury. The new concept that mitochondria are not merely stochastic sites of oxidative and calcium-mediated injury but that they activate cellular responses of mitochondrial remodeling and cellular reactions that modulate the balance between cell death and recovery is reviewed, and the therapeutic implications of this concept are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; ,
- Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249;
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; ,
| | - Bernard Tandler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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17
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Kaza AK, Wamala I, Friehs I, Kuebler JD, Rathod RH, Berra I, Ericsson M, Yao R, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Zurakowski D, Levitsky S, Del Nido PJ, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Myocardial rescue with autologous mitochondrial transplantation in a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 153:934-943. [PMID: 27938904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of autologous mitochondrial transplantation in preparation for translation to human application using an in vivo swine model. METHODS A left mini-thoracotomy was performed on Yorkshire pigs. The pectoralis major was dissected, and skeletal muscle tissue was removed and used for the isolation of autologous mitochondria. The heart was subjected to regional ischemia (RI) by temporarily snaring the circumflex artery. After 24 minutes of RI, hearts received 8 × 0.1 mL injections of vehicle (vehicle-only group; n = 6) or vehicle containing mitochondria (mitochondria group; n = 6) into the area at risk (AAR), and the snare was released. The thoracotomy was closed, and the pigs were allowed to recover for 4 weeks. RESULTS Levels of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme and cardiac troponin I were significantly increased (P = .006) in the vehicle-only group compared with the mitochondria group. Immune, inflammatory, and cytokine activation markers showed no significant difference between groups. There was no significant between-group difference in the AAR (P = .48), but infarct size was significantly greater in the vehicle group (P = .004). Echocardiography showed no significant differences in global function. Histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy revealed damaged heart tissue in the vehicle group that was not apparent in the mitochondria group. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and histology demonstrated that the injected mitochondria were present for 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Autologous mitochondrial transplantation provides a novel technique to significantly enhance myocardial cell viability following ischemia and reperfusion in the clinically relevant swine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Kaza
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Isaac Wamala
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Ingeborg Friehs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Joseph D Kuebler
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rahul H Rathod
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Ignacio Berra
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, Mass
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Sidney Levitsky
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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18
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Cowan DB, Yao R, Akurathi V, Snay ER, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Zurakowski D, Ericsson M, Friehs I, Wu Y, Levitsky S, del Nido PJ, Packard AB, McCully JD. Intracoronary Delivery of Mitochondria to the Ischemic Heart for Cardioprotection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160889. [PMID: 27500955 PMCID: PMC4976938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that transplantation of autologously derived, respiration-competent mitochondria by direct injection into the heart following transient ischemia and reperfusion enhances cell viability and contractile function. To increase the therapeutic potential of this approach, we investigated whether exogenous mitochondria can be effectively delivered through the coronary vasculature to protect the ischemic myocardium and studied the fate of these transplanted organelles in the heart. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia and then reperfused for 10 minutes. Mitochondria were labeled with 18F-rhodamine 6G and iron oxide nanoparticles. The labeled mitochondria were either directly injected into the ischemic region or delivered by vascular perfusion through the coronary arteries at the onset of reperfusion. These hearts were used for positron emission tomography, microcomputed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging with subsequent microscopic analyses of tissue sections to confirm the uptake and distribution of exogenous mitochondria. Injected mitochondria were localized near the site of delivery; while, vascular perfusion of mitochondria resulted in rapid and extensive dispersal throughout the heart. Both injected and perfused mitochondria were observed in interstitial spaces and were associated with blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. To determine the efficacy of vascular perfusion of mitochondria, an additional group of rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia and reperfused for 120 minutes. Immediately following regional ischemia, the hearts received unlabeled, autologous mitochondria delivered through the coronary arteries. Autologous mitochondria perfused through the coronary vasculature significantly decreased infarct size and significantly enhanced post-ischemic myocardial function. In conclusion, the delivery of mitochondria through the coronary arteries resulted in their rapid integration and widespread distribution throughout the heart and provided cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBC); (JDM)
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erin R. Snay
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jerusha K. Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ingeborg Friehs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yaotang Wu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sidney Levitsky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pedro J. del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Packard
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBC); (JDM)
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19
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Zhu BQ, Simonis U, Cecchini G, Zhou HZ, Li L, Teerlink JR, Karliner JS. Comparison of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and/or Metoprolol on Myocardial Infarct Size and Mitochondrial Damage in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 11:119-28. [PMID: 16891289 DOI: 10.1177/1074248406288757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effectiveness of low-dose pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 3 mg/kg) was compared with metoprolol, a β1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. Rats underwent 30 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Metoprolol and/or PQQ were given at the onset of reperfusion to mimic clinical treatment. Metoprolol and/or PQQ reduced infarct size and protected against ischemia-induced left ventricular dysfunction after 2 hours of reper-fusion. Combined therapy augmented left ventricular developed pressure at the end of reperfusion. Metoprolol or PQQ alone enhanced mitochondrial respiratory ratios in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium. Although the PQQ/metoprolol combination therapy increased respiratory ratio values, the effects were small when compared with PQQ alone. Only PQQ decreased lipid peroxidation. Metoprolol and/or PQQ given at the onset of reperfusion reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function. Combination therapy further reduces infarct size. PQQ is superior to metoprolol in protecting mitochondria from ischemia/reperfusion oxidative damage
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-qing Zhu
- Cardiology Section, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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20
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McCully JD, Levitsky S, del Nido PJ, Cowan DB. Mitochondrial transplantation for therapeutic use. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:16. [PMID: 27130633 PMCID: PMC4851669 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in the homeostasis of the vast majority of the body's cells. In the myocardium where mitochondria constitute 30 % of the total myocardial cell volume, temporary attenuation or obstruction of blood flow and as a result oxygen delivery to myocardial cells (ischemia) severely alters mitochondrial structure and function. These alterations in mitochondrial structure and function occur during ischemia and continue after blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium is restored, and significantly decrease myocardial contractile function and myocardial cell survival. We hypothesized that the augmentation or replacement of mitochondria damaged by ischemia would provide a mechanism to enhance cellular function and cellular rescue following the restoration of blood flow. To test this hypothesis we have used a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Our studies demonstrate that the transplantation of autologous mitochondria, isolated from the patient's own body, and then directly injected into the myocardial during early reperfusion augment the function of native mitochondria damaged during ischemia and enhances myocardial post-ischemic functional recovery and cellular viability. The transplanted mitochondria act both extracellularly and intracellularly. Extracellularly, the transplanted mitochondria enhance high energy synthesis and cellular adenosine triphosphate stores and alter the myocardial proteome. Once internalized the transplanted mitochondria rescue cellular function and replace damaged mitochondrial DNA. There is no immune or auto-immune reaction and there is no pro-arrhythmia as a result of the transplanted mitochondria. Our studies and those of others demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation can be effective in a number of cell types and diseases. These include cardiac and skeletal muscle, pulmonary and hepatic tissue and cells and in neuronal tissue. In this review we discuss the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the effects on cellular function. We provide a methodology for the isolation of mitochondria to allow for clinical relevance and we discuss the methods we and others have used for the uptake and internalization of mitochondria. We foresee that mitochondrial transplantation will be a valued treatment in the armamentarium of all clinicians and surgeons for the treatment of varied ischemic disorders, mitochondrial diseases and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. McCully
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders Building, EN 407, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sidney Levitsky
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis Street, Suite 2A, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Pedro J. del Nido
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders Building, EN 407, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- />Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Endres Building, EN 312, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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21
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Liu Z, Cai H, Dang Y, Qiu C, Wang J. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and cardiomyopathies (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1447-54. [PMID: 26707080 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies have been indicated to be one of the leading causes of heart failure. Though it was indicated that genetic defects, viral infection and trace element deficiency were among the causes of cardiomyopathy, the etiology has remained to be fully elucidated. Cardiomyocytes require large amounts of energy to maintain their normal biological functions. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), composed of inward-rectifier potassium ion channel and sulfonylurea receptor subunits, are present on the cell surface and mitochondrial membrane of cardiac muscle cells. As metabolic sensors sensitive to changes in intracellular energy levels, KATP adapt electrical activities to metabolic challenges, maintaining normal biological functions of myocytes. It is implied that malfunctions, mutations and altered expression of KATP are associated with the pathogenesis of conditions including c hypertrophy, diabetes as well as dilated, ischemic and endemic cardiomyopathy. However, the current knowledge is only the tip of the iceberg and the roles of KATP in cardiomyopathies largely remain to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112‑2705, LA, USA
| | - Junkui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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22
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Petruş A, Duicu OM, Sturza A, Noveanu L, Kiss L, Dănilă M, Baczkó I, Muntean DM, Jost N. Modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function and ROS production by novel benzopyran analogues. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:811-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence indicates that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP) in the heart is protective in conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Several mechanisms have been postulated to be responsible for cardioprotection, including the modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function. The aim of the present study was to characterize the dose-dependent effects of novel synthetic benzopyran analogues, derived from a BMS-191095, a selective mKATP opener, on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry, and H2O2 production was measured by the Amplex Red fluorescence assay. Four compounds, namely KL-1487, KL-1492, KL-1495, and KL-1507, applied in increasing concentrations (50, 75, 100, and 150 μmol/L, respectively) were investigated. When added in the last two concentrations, all compounds significantly increased State 2 and 4 respiratory rates, an effect that was not abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 μmol/L), the classic mKATP inhibitor. The highest concentration also elicited an important decrease of the oxidative phosphorylation in a K+ independent manner. Both concentrations of 100 and 150 μmol/L for KL-1487, KL-1492, and KL-1495, and the concentration of 150 μmol/L for KL-1507, respectively, mitigated the mitochondrial H2O2 release. In isolated rat heart mitochondria, the novel benzopyran analogues act as protonophoric uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petruş
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, 14, Tudor Vladimirescu st. 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana M. Duicu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Noveanu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Dănilă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, 14, Tudor Vladimirescu st. 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
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23
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Closure of mitochondrial potassium channels favors opening of the Tl+-induced permeability transition pore in Ca2+-loaded rat liver mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:243-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Environmental remodelling of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission: Rise of the anoxia-tolerant turtle brain. J Therm Biol 2014; 44:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Waza AA, Andrabi K, Hussain MU. Protein kinase C (PKC) mediated interaction between conexin43 (Cx43) and K(+)(ATP) channel subunit (Kir6.1) in cardiomyocyte mitochondria: Implications in cytoprotection against hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1909-17. [PMID: 24815185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH We have recently shown that adenosine-triphosphate-sensitive potassium [K(+)(ATP)] channel protein subunit, Kir6.1 is a phosphospecific interaction partner of the gap-junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Since, both Cx43 and K(+)(ATP) are known to be involved in cell survival during hypoxia, we addressed the question, whether the interaction between Cx43 and K(+)(ATP) has a role in protecting cell against hypoxia-induced cell death. PRINCIPLE RESULTS We report here that the Kir6.1 protein interacts, in a phosphospecific manner with Cx43 in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytic cell line H9C2. The hypoxia for 12-h resulted in the appreciable increase in the phosphorylation at the serine 262 (S262) of the Cx43 with the concomitant increase in the Cx43 and Kir6.1 interaction. Moreover, the increased interaction was mediated by a signaling pathway involving PKC and more specifically by PKC epsilon. Functional implications of the association between the Cx43 and Kir6.1 were found to prevent mitochondria mediated hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PKC epsilon regulates the interaction between Cx43 and Kir6.1 in the cardiomyocyte mitochondria and this interaction prevents hypoxia induced cell death. Our results provide an interesting lead in developing effective strategies to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/ischemia induced cell death.
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Anastacio MM, Kanter EM, Makepeace CM, Keith AD, Zhang H, Schuessler RB, Nichols CG, Lawton JS. Relationship between mitochondrial matrix volume and cellular volume in response to stress and the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Circulation 2013; 128:S130-5. [PMID: 24030396 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myocytes demonstrate significant swelling and associated reduced contractility in response to stress that is prevented by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, diazoxide (DZX) via an unknown mechanism. One proposed mechanism of cardioprotection is mitochondrial matrix swelling. To establish the relationship between mitochondrial and cellular volume during stress, this study examined the effect of DZX on mitochondrial volume. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated mouse mitochondria were exposed to the following solutions: Tyrode, isolation buffer, cardioplegia (CPG)±DZX±ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, 5-hydroxydecanoate, and metabolic inhibition (MI) ± DZX ± 5-hydroxydecanoate. Mitochondrial volume was measured. DZX resulted in significant mitochondrial swelling (P<0.0001 versus Tyrode). MI and CPG resulted in significant mitochondrial swelling compared with baseline volume. The addition of DZX did not alter the response of mitochondrial volume to CPG (P=0.912) but increased swelling in response to MI (P=0.036). The addition of 5-hydroxydecanoate to MI + DZX or CPG+DZX significantly reduced mitochondrial swelling (P<0.003 MI+DZX versus MI + DZX + 5HD; P<0.001 CPG+DZX versus CPG + DZX + 5HD). CONCLUSIONS Both cellular and mitochondrial volume increased during exposure to MI and CPG. DZX did not alter mitochondrial volume during CPG; however, it was associated with an increase in mitochondrial volume during MI. 5-Hydroxydecanoate reduced mitochondrial volume during exposure to both stresses with DZX, supporting a role for a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the mechanism of cardioprotection by DZX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Anastacio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.M.A., E.M.K., C.M.M., A.D.K., R.B.S., J.S.L.) and Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology (H.Z., C.G.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Cardioprotective mechanism of diazoxide involves the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:2042-50. [PMID: 23642436 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener, diazoxide, preserves myocyte volume homeostasis and contractility during stress via an unknown mechanism. Pharmacologic overlap has been suggested between succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and KATP channel modulators. Diazoxide may be cardioprotective due to the inhibition of SDH which may form a portion of the mitochondrial KATP channel. To determine the role of inhibition of SDH in diazoxide's cardioprotection, this study utilized glutathione to prevent the inhibition of SDH. METHODS SDH activity was measured in isolated mitochondria exposed to succinate (control), malonate (inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase), diazoxide, and varying concentrations of glutathione alone or in combination with diazoxide. Enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis. To evaluate myocyte volume and contractility, cardiac myocytes were superfused with Tyrode's physiologic solution (Tyrode's) (20 minutes), followed by test solution (20 minutes), including Tyrode's, hyperkalemic cardioplegia (stress), cardioplegia + diazoxide, cardioplegia + diazoxide + glutathione, or glutathione alone; followed by Tyrode's (20 minutes). Myocyte volume and contractility were recorded using image grabbing software. RESULTS Both malonate and diazoxide inhibited succinate dehydrogenase. Glutathione prevented the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by diazoxide in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of diazoxide prevented the detrimental myocyte swelling due to cardioplegia alone and this benefit was lost with the addition of glutathione. However, glutathione elicited an independent cardioprotective effect on myocyte contractility. CONCLUSIONS The ability of diazoxide to provide beneficial myocyte homeostasis during stress involves the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, which may also involve the opening of a purported mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel.
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Pharmacologic prophylactic treatment for perioperative protection of skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 131:473-485. [PMID: 23446562 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e31827c6e0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In autogenous muscle transplantation, unpredictable complications can cause prolonged ischemia, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The authors investigated the efficacy and mechanism of nicorandil, a nitrovasodilator and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, in inducing perioperative protection of muscle flaps from ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Pigs (18.2 ± 2.4 kg) were assigned to one control and eight treatment groups. Bilateral latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were raised after saline administration (control) and 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after nicorandil administration. Subsequently, flaps were subjected to 4 hours of ischemia and 48 hours of reperfusion. Viability was assessed, and biochemical probes were used to study nicorandil-induced infarct protection. RESULTS Protection by nicorandil was biphasic. Infarction reduced from 40.2 ± 1.9 percent (control) to 27.3 ± 1.7 percent and 24.0 ± 2.3 percent (p < 0.05) 0 and 4 hours after nicorandil administration, respectively (early phase protection). No difference was seen between control and treatment groups between 8 and 12 hours after nicorandil administration compared with the control. Infarct protection increased again (p < 0.05) at 24 (22.4 ± 2.0 percent), 48 (25.1 ± 2.1 percent), and 72 hours (28.5 ± 2.1 percent) but not at 96 hours (43.9 ± 4.6 percent) compared with control (late phase protection). The sarcolemmal and mitochondrial channels played a central role in the trigger and mediator mechanisms, respectively. Late protection was associated with lower myeloperoxidase activity and mitochondrial calcium overload and higher adenosine triphosphate content (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nicorandil induced 48-hour uninterrupted muscle infarct protection, starting 24 hours after intravenous administration. This category of clinical drug is a potential prophylactic treatment against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive surgery.
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Anastacio MM, Kanter EM, Keith AD, Schuessler RB, Nichols CG, Lawton JS. Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase by Diazoxide Is Independent of the ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Subunit Sulfonylurea Type 1 Receptor. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216:1144-9. [PMID: 23535164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazoxide maintains myocyte volume and contractility during stress via an unknown mechanism. The mechanism of action may involve an undefined (genotype unknown) mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel and is dependent on the ATP-sensitive potassium channel subunit sulfonylurea type 1 receptor (SUR1). The ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers have been shown to inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and a gene for a portion of SDH has been found in the SUR intron. Diazoxide may be cardioprotective via inhibition of SDH, which can form part of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel or share its genetic material. This study investigated the role of inhibition of SDH by diazoxide and its relationship to the SUR1 subunit. STUDY DESIGN Mitochondria were isolated from wild-type and SUR1 knockout mice. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis of 2,6-dichloroindophenol reduction for 20 minutes as the relative change in absorbance over time. Mitochondria were treated with succinate (20 mM), succinate + 1% dimethylsulfoxide, succinate + malonate (8 mM) (competitive inhibitor of SDH), or succinate + diazoxide (100 μM). RESULTS Both malonate and diazoxide inhibit SDH activity in mitochondria of wild-type mice and in mice lacking the SUR1 subunit (p < 0.05 vs control). CONCLUSIONS The ability of DZX to inhibit SDH persists even after deletion of the SUR1 gene. Therefore, the enzyme complex SDH is not dependent on the SUR1 gene. The inhibition of SDH by DZX can play a role in the cardioprotection afforded by DZX; however, this role is independent of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel subunit SUR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Anastacio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Masuzawa A, Black KM, Pacak CA, Ericsson M, Barnett RJ, Drumm C, Seth P, Bloch DB, Levitsky S, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H966-82. [PMID: 23355340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00883.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction occur during ischemia and modulate cardiac function and cell survival significantly during reperfusion. We hypothesized that transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria immediately prior to reperfusion would ameliorate these effects. New Zealand White rabbits were used for regional ischemia (RI), which was achieved by temporarily snaring the left anterior descending artery for 30 min. Following 29 min of RI, autologously derived mitochondria (RI-mitochondria; 9.7 ± 1.7 × 10(6)/ml) or vehicle alone (RI-vehicle) were injected directly into the RI zone, and the hearts were allowed to recover for 4 wk. Mitochondrial transplantation decreased (P < 0.05) creatine kinase MB, cardiac troponin-I, and apoptosis significantly in the RI zone. Infarct size following 4 wk of recovery was decreased significantly in RI-mitochondria (7.9 ± 2.9%) compared with RI-vehicle (34.2 ± 3.3%, P < 0.05). Serial echocardiograms showed that RI-mitochondria hearts returned to normal contraction within 10 min after reperfusion was started; however, RI-vehicle hearts showed persistent hypokinesia in the RI zone at 4 wk of recovery. Electrocardiogram and optical mapping studies showed that no arrhythmia was associated with autologously derived mitochondrial transplantation. In vivo and in vitro studies show that the transplanted mitochondria are evident in the interstitial spaces and are internalized by cardiomyocytes 2-8 h after transplantation. The transplanted mitochondria enhanced oxygen consumption, high-energy phosphate synthesis, and the induction of cytokine mediators and proteomic pathways that are important in preserving myocardial energetics, cell viability, and enhanced post-infarct cardiac function. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria provides a novel technique to protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Masuzawa
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Black KM, Barnett RJ, Bhasin MK, Daly C, Dillon ST, Libermann TA, Levitsky S, McCully JD. Microarray and proteomic analysis of the cardioprotective effects of cold blood cardioplegia in the mature and aged male and female. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:1027-41. [PMID: 22968637 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00011.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have shown that the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia is modulated by age and gender and is significantly decreased in the aged female. In this report we use microarray and proteomic analyses to identify transcriptomic and proteomic alterations affecting cardioprotection using cold blood cardioplegia in the mature and aged male and female heart. Mature and aged male and female New Zealand White rabbits were used for in situ blood perfused cardiopulmonary bypass. Control hearts received 30 min sham ischemia and 120 min sham reperfusion. Global ischemia (GI) hearts received 30 min of GI achieved by cross-clamping of the aorta. Cardioplegia (CP) hearts received cold blood cardioplegia prior to GI. Following 30 min of GI the hearts were reperfused for 120 min and then used for RNA and protein isolation. Microarray and proteomic analyses were performed. Functional enrichment analysis showed that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation and calcium signaling pathways were significantly enriched in all experimental groups. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway were significantly changed in the aged male only (P < 0.05), while glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism was significant in the aged female only (P < 0.05). Our data show that specific pathways associated with the mitochondrion modulate cardioprotection with CP in the aged and specifically in the aged female. The alteration of these pathways significantly contributes to decreased myocardial functional recovery and myonecrosis following ischemia and may be modulated to allow for enhanced cardioprotection in the aged and specifically in the aged female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra M Black
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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The mitochondrial K(ATP) channel--fact or fiction? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:578-83. [PMID: 22240339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP-dependent K(+) channel (mitoK(ATP)) is widely considered by many to play a central role in cardioprotection by ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning and by ischemic postconditioning. Nevertheless, several laboratories have questioned the existence of mitoK(ATP). This article summarizes the evidence for and against and addresses two key questions: How strong is the evidence for the presence of a K(ATP) channel in mitochondria? Are the pharmacological agents used to modulate mitoK(ATP) activity sufficiently specific to allow the role of these channels in cardioprotection to be established?
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Niwano S, Hirasawa S, Niwano H, Sasaki S, Masuda R, Sato K, Masuda T, Izumi T. Cardioprotective Effects of Sarcolemmal and Mitochondrial K-ATP Channel Openers in an Experimental Model of Autoimmune Myocarditis. Int Heart J 2012; 53:139-45. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Shoji Hirasawa
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroe Niwano
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Sae Sasaki
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kiyotaka Sato
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Izumi
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
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Pal C, Bindu S, Dey S, Alam A, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Sarkar S, Kumar R, Halder KK, Debnath MC, Adhikari S, Bandyopadhyay U. Tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy: correction of mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of apoptosis in gastric mucosal cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3495-509. [PMID: 22157011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.307199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the gastroprotective effect of SEGA (3a), a newly synthesized tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid molecule against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy with mechanistic details. SEGA (3a) prevents indomethacin (NSAID)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) and dysfunctions in gastric mucosal cells, which play a pathogenic role in inducing gastropathy. SEGA (3a) offers this mitoprotective effect by scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)) and intramitochondrial free iron released as a result of MOS. SEGA (3a) in vivo blocks indomethacin-mediated MOS, as is evident from the inhibition of indomethacin-induced mitochondrial protein carbonyl formation, lipid peroxidation, and thiol depletion. SEGA (3a) corrects indomethacin-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo by restoring defective electron transport chain function, collapse of transmembrane potential, and loss of dehydrogenase activity. SEGA (3a) not only corrects mitochondrial dysfunction but also inhibits the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by indomethacin. SEGA (3a) inhibits indomethacin-induced down-regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax genes in gastric mucosa. SEGA (3a) also inhibits indometacin-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in gastric mucosa. Besides the gastroprotective effect against NSAID, SEGA (3a) also expedites the healing of already damaged gastric mucosa. Radiolabeled ((99m)Tc-labeled SEGA (3a)) tracer studies confirm that SEGA (3a) enters into mitochondria of gastric mucosal cell in vivo, and it is quite stable in serum. Thus, SEGA (3a) bears an immense potential to be a novel gastroprotective agent against NSAID-induced gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Pal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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Bindu S, Pal C, Dey S, Goyal M, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Dutta S, Sarkar S, Kumar R, Maity P, Bandyopadhyay U. Translocation of heme oxygenase-1 to mitochondria is a novel cytoprotective mechanism against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and gastric mucosal injury. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39387-402. [PMID: 21908612 PMCID: PMC3234763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)-mediated apoptotic tissue injury was investigated. MOS-mediated gastric mucosal apoptosis and injury were introduced in rat by indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Here, we report that HO-1 was not only induced but also translocated to mitochondria during gastric mucosal injury to favor repair mechanisms. Furthermore, mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 resulted in the prevention of MOS and mitochondrial pathology as evident from the restoration of the complex I-driven mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential. Mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 also resulted in time-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. We searched for the plausible mechanisms responsible for HO-1 induction and mitochondrial localization. Free heme, the substrate for HO-1, was increased inside mitochondria during gastric injury, and mitochondrial entry of HO-1 decreased intramitochondrial free heme content, suggesting that a purpose of mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 is to detoxify accumulated heme. Heme may activate nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to induce HO-1 through reactive oxygen species generation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies indicated nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and its binding to HO-1 promoter to induce HO-1 expression during gastric injury. Inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin aggravated the mucosal injury and delayed healing. Zinc protoporphyrin further reduced the respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential and enhanced MOS and apoptosis. In contrast, induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin reduced MOS, corrected mitochondrial dysfunctions, and prevented apoptosis and gastric injury. Thus, induction and mitochondrial localization of HO-1 are a novel cytoprotective mechanism against MOS-mediated apoptotic tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Pal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Athar Alam
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd. Shameel Iqbal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubham Dutta
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Maity
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Sellitto AD, Al-Dadah AS, Schuessler RB, Nichols CG, Lawton JS. An open sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel is necessary for detrimental myocyte swelling secondary to stress. Circulation 2011; 124:S70-4. [PMID: 21911821 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.012039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress (exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, or osmotic) results in significant myocyte swelling and reduced contractility. In contrast to wild-type mice, these detrimental consequences are not observed in mice lacking the Kir6.2 subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (sK(ATP)) channel after exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. The hypothesis for this study was that an open sK(ATP) channel (Kir6.2 and SUR2A subunits) is necessary for detrimental myocyte swelling to occur in response to stress. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of the sK(ATP) channel in stress-induced myocyte swelling, high-dose pharmacological sK(ATP) channel blockade and genetic deletion (knockout of Kir6.2 subunit) were used. Myocytes were exposed sequentially to Tyrode control (20 minutes), test (stress) solution (20 minutes), and Tyrode control (20 minutes). To evaluate pharmacological channel blockade, myocytes were exposed to hyperkalemic cardioplegia (stress) with and without a K(ATP) channel blocker. To evaluate the effects of genetic deletion, wild-type and sK(ATP) knockout [Kir6.2(-/-)] myocytes were exposed to metabolic inhibition (stress). Myocyte volume was recorded using image-grabbing software. Detrimental myocyte swelling was prevented by high-dose sK(ATP) channel blockade (glibenclamide or HMR 1098) but not mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blockade (5-hydroxydecanoate) during exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. Genetic deletion of the sK(ATP) channel prevented significant myocyte swelling in response to metabolic inhibition. CONCLUSIONS K(ATP) channel openers prevent detrimental myocyte swelling and reduce contractility in response to stress through an unknown mechanism. Paradoxically, the present data support a role for sK(ATP) channel activation in myocyte volume derangement in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Sellitto
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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CARDIAC role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters in the high-[K+](o) cardioprotection of rat hearts under ischemia and reperfusion: a mechano-energetic study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 54:213-22. [PMID: 19597370 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181b04ce3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of mitochondrial transporters in the cardioprotection of rat hearts exposed to high [K+]-low [Ca2+]-cardioplegia (CPG) and ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) was studied through the mechano-energetic consequences of target drugs. The total heat rate (Ht) and the left intraventricular pressure (LVP) were simultaneously measured in isolated perfused hearts (30 degrees C and 1 Hz) inside a flow-calorimeter during 45 minutes of no-flow I and 45 minutes of R. After stabilization (C) they were pretreated with CPG and 100 microM 5-hydroxidecanoate (5HD, selective mKATP blocker) without and with 10 or 30 microM clonazepam (Clzp, mNCX inhibitor), 30 microM diazoxide (Dzx, selective mKATP opener), 1 microM Ru360 (selective Ca-uniporter blocker), and 0.2 microM cyclosporine-A, (mPTP inhibitor, before I and during R). Before I, 5-hydroxydecanoate in CPG increased the resting heat rate (17.83 +/- 3.55 mW/g) without changing the stunning. Clzp 30 microM + CPG + 5-hydroxydecanoate reduced the postischemic P with diastolic contracture and high Ht. Dzx protected C-hearts from stunning but increased it in CPG hearts with low economy (P/Ht) as well as Ru360. Cyclosporine-A did not modify the stunning of C or CPG ischemic hearts, suggesting that the mPTP was not opened. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria have a precise role for determining cardioprotection or stunning in high-K+ cardioplegic rat hearts under I/R. Known protective drugs, such as Dzx and Ru360, which reduce the mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake, increased the stunning of CPG-rat hearts and reduced muscle economy, whereas 5-hydroxydecanoate and Clzp together increased the stunning by inducing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload.
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Kozoriz MG, Church J, Ozog MA, Naus CC, Krebs C. Temporary sequestration of potassium by mitochondria in astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31107-19. [PMID: 20667836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.082073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in extracellular potassium concentration ([K(+)](o)), which can occur during neuronal activity and under pathological conditions such as ischemia, lead to a variety of potentially detrimental effects on neuronal function. Although astrocytes are known to contribute to the clearance of excess K(+)(o), the mechanisms are not fully understood. We examined the potential role of mitochondria in sequestering K(+) in astrocytes. Astrocytes were loaded with the fluorescent K(+) indicator PBFI and release of K(+) from mitochondria into the cytoplasm was examined after uncoupling the mitochondrial membrane potential with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Under the experimental conditions employed, transient applications of elevated [K(+)](o) led to increases in K(+) within mitochondria, as assessed by increases in the magnitudes of cytoplasmic [K(+)] ([K(+)](i)) transients evoked by brief exposures to CCCP. When mitochondrial K(+) sequestration was impaired by prolonged application of CCCP, there was a robust increase in [K(+)](i) upon exposure to elevated [K(+)](o). Blockade of plasmalemmal K(+) uptake routes by ouabain, Ba(2+), or a mixture of voltage-activated K(+) channel inhibitors reduced K(+) uptake into mitochondria. Also, reductions in mitochondrial K(+) uptake occurred in the presence of mito-K(ATP) channel inhibitors. Rises in [K(+)](i) evoked by brief applications of CCCP following exposure to high [K(+)](o) were also reduced by gap junction blockers and in astrocytes isolated from connexin43-null mice, suggesting that connexins also play a role in K(+) uptake into astrocyte mitochondria. We conclude that mitochondria play a key role in K(+)(o) handling by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kozoriz
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Griffiths ER, Friehs I, Scherr E, Poutias D, McGowan FX, Del Nido PJ. Electron transport chain dysfunction in neonatal pressure-overload hypertrophy precedes cardiomyocyte apoptosis independent of oxidative stress. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 139:1609-17. [PMID: 20038480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously shown in a model of pressure-overload hypertrophy that there is increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis during the transition from peak hypertrophy to ventricular decompensation. Electron transport chain dysfunction is believed to play a role in this process through the production of excessive reactive oxygen species. In this study we sought to determine electron transport chain function in pressure-overload hypertrophy and the role of oxidative stress in myocyte apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Neonatal rabbits underwent thoracic aortic banding at 10 days of age. Compensated hypertrophy (4 weeks of age), decompensated hypertrophy (6 weeks of age), and age-matched controls (n = 4-8 per group) as identified by serial echocardiography were studied. Electron transport chain complex activities were determined by spectophotometry in isolated mitochondria. Complex I was significantly decreased (P = .005) at 4 weeks and further decreased at 6 weeks (P = .001). Complex II was significantly decreased at both time points (4 weeks, P = .003; 6 weeks, P = .009). However, hyddrogen peroxide production, measured in isolated mitochondria by fluorescence spectroscopy, was significantly decreased at 4 weeks of age in banded animals compared with controls (P = .038), and mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage (measurement of 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was also significantly decreased at 4 weeks of age (P = .031). Mitochondrial activated apoptosis was determined by Bax/Bcl-2 ratios (immunoblotting). Bax/Bcl-2 levels were significantly increased in banded animals at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS In pressure-overload hypertrophy, the transition from compensated left ventricular hypertrophy to failure and cardiomyocyte apoptosis is preceded by mitochondrial complex I and II dysfunction followed by an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. The mechanism of apoptosis initiation is independent of increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Griffiths
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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McCully JD, Bhasin MK, Daly C, Guerrero MC, Dillon S, Liberman TA, Cowan DB, Mably JD, McGowan FX, Levitsky S. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of global ischemia and cardioprotection in the rabbit heart. Physiol Genomics 2009; 38:125-37. [PMID: 19454556 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00033.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioplegia is used to partially alleviate the effects of surgically induced global ischemia injury; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cardioprotection remain to be elucidated. To improve the understanding of the molecular processes modulating the effects of global ischemia and the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia, we constructed rabbit heart cDNA libraries and isolated, sequenced, and identified a compendium of nonredundant cDNAs for use in transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. New Zealand White rabbits were used to compare the effects of global ischemia and cardioplegia compared with control (nonischemic) hearts. The effects of RNA and protein synthesis on the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia were investigated separately by preperfusion with either alpha-amanitin or cycloheximide. Our results demonstrate that cardioplegia partially ameliorates the effects of global ischemia and that the cardioprotection is modulated by RNA- and protein-dependent mechanisms. Transcriptomic and proteomic enrichment analyses indicated that global ischemia downregulated genes/proteins associated with mitochondrial function and energy production, cofactor catabolism, and the generation of precursor metabolites of energy. In contrast, cardioplegia significantly increased differentially expressed genes/proteins associated with the mitochondrion and mitochondrial function and significantly upregulated the biological processes of muscle contraction, involuntary muscle contraction, carboxylic acid and fatty acid catabolic processes, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and fatty acid metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McCully
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Garlid KD, Costa ADT, Quinlan CL, Pierre SV, Dos Santos P. Cardioprotective signaling to mitochondria. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:858-66. [PMID: 19118560 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central players in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion. Activation of plasma membrane G-coupled receptors or the Na,K-ATPase triggers cytosolic signaling pathways that result in cardioprotection. Our working hypothesis is that the occupied receptors migrate to caveolae, where signaling enzymes are scaffolded into signalosomes that bud off the plasma membrane and migrate to mitochondria. The signalosome-mitochondria interaction then initiates intramitochondrial signaling by opening the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (mitoK(ATP)). MitoK(ATP) opening causes an increase in ROS production, which activates mitochondrial protein kinase C epsilon (PKCvarepsilon), which inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), thus decreasing cell death. We review the experimental findings that bear on these hypotheses and other modes of protection involving mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Garlid
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201-0751, USA.
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McAllister SE, Moses MA, Jindal K, Ashrafpour H, Cahoon NJ, Huang N, Neligan PC, Forrest CR, Lipa JE, Pang CY. Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide attenuates skeletal muscle infarction when administered before ischemia or reperfusion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 106:20-8. [PMID: 19023020 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91069.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of Na(+)/H(+) exchange isoform-1 (NHE-1) inhibitors before ischemia has been shown to attenuate myocardial infarction in several animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, controversy still exists as to the efficacy of NHE-1 inhibitors in protection of myocardial infarction when administered at the onset of reperfusion. Furthermore, the efficacy of NHE-1 inhibition in protection of skeletal muscle from infarction (necrosis) has not been studied. This information has potential clinical applications in prevention or salvage of skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury in elective and trauma reconstructive surgery. The objective of this research project is to test our hypothesis that the NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide is effective in protection of skeletal muscle from infarction when administered at the onset of sustained ischemia or reperfusion and to study the mechanism of action of cariporide. In our studies, we observed that intravenous administration of cariporide 10 min before ischemia (1 or 3 mg/kg) or reperfusion (3 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarction in pig latissimus dorsi muscle flaps compared with the control, when these muscle flaps were subjected to 4 h of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion (P < 0.05; n = 5 pigs/group). Both preischemic and postischemic cariporide treatment (3 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in muscle myeloperoxidase activity and mitochondrial-free Ca(2+) content and a significant increase in muscle ATP content within 2 h of reperfusion (P < 0.05; n = 4 pigs/group). Preischemic and postischemic cariporide treatment (3 mg/kg) also significantly inhibited muscle NHE-1 protein expression within 2 h of reperfusion after 4 h of ischemia, compared with the control (P < 0.05; n = 3 pigs/group). These observations support our hypothesis that cariporide attenuates skeletal muscle infarction when administered at the onset of ischemia or reperfusion, and the mechanism involves attenuation of neutrophil accumulation and mitochondrial-free Ca(2+) overload and preservation of ATP synthesis in the early stage of reperfusion.
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McCully JD, Cowan DB, Pacak CA, Toumpoulis IK, Dayalan H, Levitsky S. Injection of isolated mitochondria during early reperfusion for cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H94-H105. [PMID: 18978192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that ischemia induces mitochondrial damage and dysfunction that persist throughout reperfusion and impact negatively on postischemic functional recovery and cellular viability. We hypothesized that viable respiration-competent mitochondria, isolated from tissue unaffected by ischemia and then injected into the ischemic zone just before reperfusion, would enhance postischemic functional recovery and limit infarct size. New Zealand White rabbits (n = 52) were subjected to 30 min of equilibrium and 30 min of regional ischemia (RI) induced by snaring the left anterior descending coronary artery. At 29 min of RI, the RI zone was injected with vehicle (sham control and RI vehicle) or vehicle containing mitochondria (7.7 x 10(6) +/- 1.5 x 10(6)/ml) isolated from donor rabbit left ventricular tissue (RI-Mito). The snare was released at 30 min of RI, and the hearts were reperfused for 120 min. Our results show that left ventricular peak developed pressure and systolic shortening in RI-Mito hearts were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05 vs. RI-vehicle) to 75% and 83% of equilibrium value, respectively, at 120 min of reperfusion compared with 57% and 62%, respectively, in RI-vehicle hearts. Creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, and infarct size relative to area at risk were significantly decreased in RI-Mito compared with RI-vehicle hearts (P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy showed that injected mitochondria were present and viable after 120 min of reperfusion and were distributed from the epicardium to the subendocardium. These results demonstrate that viable respiration-competent mitochondria, isolated from tissue unaffected by ischemia and then injected into the ischemic zone just before reperfusion, significantly enhance postischemic functional recovery and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McCully
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Rm. 144, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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McAllister SE, Ashrafpour H, Cahoon N, Huang N, Moses MA, Neligan PC, Forrest CR, Lipa JE, Pang CY. Postconditioning for salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury: efficacy and mechanism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R681-9. [PMID: 18509099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90303.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We tested our hypothesis that postischemic conditioning (PostC) is effective in salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury and the mechanism involves inhibition of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In bilateral 8x13 cm pig latissimus dorsi muscle flaps subjected to 4 h ischemia, muscle infarction increased from 22+/-4 to 41+/-1% between 2 and 24 h reperfusion and remained unchanged at 48 (38+/-6%) and 72 (40+/-1%) h reperfusion (P<0.05; n=4 pigs). PostC induced by four cycles of 30-s reperfusion/reocclusion at the onset of reperfusion after 4 h ischemia reduced muscle infarction from 44+/-2 to 22+/-2% at 48 h reperfusion. This infarct protective effect of PostC was mimicked by intravenous injection of the mPTP opening inhibitor cyclosporin A or NIM-811 (10 mg/kg) at 5 min before the end of 4 h ischemia and was abolished by intravenous injection of the mPTP opener atractyloside (10 mg/kg) at 5 min before PostC (P<0.05; n=4-5 pigs). PostC or intravenous cyclosporin A injection at 5 min before reperfusion caused a decrease in muscle myeloperoxidase activity and mitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration and an increase in muscle ATP content after 4 h ischemia and 2 h reperfusion compared with the time-matched controls. These effects of PostC were abolished by intravenous injection of atractyloside at 5 min before PostC (P<0.05; n=6 pigs). These observations support our hypothesis that PostC is effective in salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury and the mechanism involves inhibition of opening of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E McAllister
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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Ji Y, Pang QF, Xu G, Wang L, Wang JK, Zeng YM. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide postconditioning protects isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 587:1-7. [PMID: 18468595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sul fi de (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous mediator, produced by cystanthionine-gamma-lysase (CSE) in the cardiovascular system. Hydrogen sulfide given before ischemia can decrease myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. The present study investigated: (1) if hydrogen sulfide given at early reperfusion could decrease myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury; (2) if the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide were related to mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels opening. In isolated rat heart model, treatment of heart with NaHS (H2S donor) at the onset of reperfusion resulted in a concentration-dependent limitation of infarct size and creatine kinase release. The optimal NaHS concentration for cardioprotection is 1 microM. The cardioprotective effects of NaHS (1, 10 microM) were comparable to those of ischemic postconditioning. The KATP channels blocker, Glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate, reversed the cardioprotective effects of NaHS. The datum provided further evidence that exogenous H2S postconditioning protected rat heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial KATP channel opening is implicated in the postconditioning of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Inhibition of mitochondrial remodeling by cyclosporine A preserves myocardial performance in a neonatal rabbit model of cardioplegic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:585-93. [PMID: 18329475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is associated with apoptotic signaling and alterations in mitochondrial structure and function. We tested whether inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening with cyclosporine A preserved mitochondrial structure and function after cardioplegic arrest and whether this preservation is associated with improved myocardial performance. METHODS Langendorff-perfused neonatal rabbit hearts were perfused for 30 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (CCP; n = 6) or Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 2 mumol/L of cyclosporine A (CCP+CsA; n = 6) followed by 60 minutes of normothermic crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP) and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Control hearts (non-CCP; n = 6) were constantly perfused for 150 minutes without cardioplegic arrest. RESULTS In comparison with non-CCP, CCP was associated with Bax translocation to the mitochondria, cytochrome c release, and greater frequency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive myocytes These changes were also associated with deficits in isolated mitochondrial oxygen consumption at complex I. CsA pretreatment minimized or prevented all these findings. Myocardial performance (systolic pressure, maximum positive and negative dP/dt, and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after reperfusion was diminished in CCP hearts when compared with non-CPB, and these deficits could be minimized with cyclosporine A pretreatment. (P < .05 all comparisons) CONCLUSIONS Cyclosporine A prevents apoptosis-related mitochondrial permeabilization and dysfunction after cardioplegic arrest. This protection is associated with improved myocardial performance. Prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is a valuable target for mitochondrial (and myocardial) preservation after neonatal cardioplegic arrest.
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Musameh MD, Green CJ, Mann BE, Fuller BJ, Motterlini R. Improved myocardial function after cold storage with preservation solution supplemented with a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3). J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 26:1192-8. [PMID: 18022087 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are pharmacologically active as they protect against cardiac graft rejection and cold ischemia-mediated renal dysfunction. We investigated the cardioprotective role of carbon monoxide (CO) released from CORM-3 against cold ischemia-mediated injury in the heart and evaluated its potential application in the clinical setting of cardiac transplantation. METHODS Isolated rat hearts underwent cold ischemic storage for 4 or 6 hours using St Thomas Hospital solution that was supplemented with either CORM-3 (50 mumol/liter) or its inactive counterpart (iCORM-3), which does not release CO. Hearts were then reperfused. Both functional parameters and release of cardiac enzymes were assessed. RESULTS Addition of CORM-3 to the preservation solution resulted in a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic function as well as coronary flow when compared with hearts treated with iCORM-3. In addition, lower levels of the cardiac enzymes creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured in the perfusate of hearts stored with CORM-3. CONCLUSIONS The improved functional recovery and reduced enzyme release after cardiac cold storage with CORM-3, but not iCORM-3, indicate that CO is the main mediator of myocardial protection. Thus, CO-RMs can be used as adjuvants to improve the preservation of hearts for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntaser D Musameh
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Hampstead, London, UK
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Oka N, Wang L, Mi W, Zhu W, Honjo O, Caldarone CA. Cyclosporine A prevents apoptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction after neonatal cardioplegic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:123-30, 130.e1-2. [PMID: 18179928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening plays a critical role in mediating the mitochondrial response to ischemia/reperfusion injury and initiation of apoptosis. We tested whether inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening with cyclosporine A prevented apoptosis-related alterations in mitochondrial structure and function after cardioplegic arrest. METHODS Newborn piglets (age approximately 14 days) underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic arrest (60 minutes), weaning from bypass, and 6-hour reperfusion. Comparison was made among cold crystalloid cardioplegia (n = 5), cold crystalloid cardioplegia with cyclosporine A pretreatment (n = 5), and noncardiopulmonary bypass (n = 5) groups. RESULTS Early apoptosis signaling events (Bax translocation to the mitochondria) were prominent in cold crystalloid cardioplegia and prevented in cold crystalloid cardioplegia + cyclosporine A myocardium. Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, determined by Western blot of cytosolic fractions and confocal quantitative colocalization analysis, was also prominent in cold crystalloid cardioplegia but prevented in cold crystalloid cardioplegia + cyclosporine A myocardium. Electron microscopy of isolated mitochondria demonstrated subjective alterations in mitochondrial architecture in cold crystalloid cardioplegia mitochondria, which were prevented by cyclosporine A. Deficiency of isolated mitochondrial oxygen consumption at Complex I was present in cold crystalloid cardioplegia mitochondria and prevented by cyclosporine A (P < .01). The frequency of deoxyuride-5'-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling-positive myocytes was diminished in cold crystalloid cardioplegia + cyclosporine A myocardium (P < .05). Mitochondrial resistance to calcium-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was not different in cold crystalloid cardioplegia and noncardiopulmonary bypass mitochondria, suggesting that calcium overload is not solely responsible for the observed deficits in mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS Cyclosporine A pretreatment prevents postcardioplegia alterations in mitochondrial structure and function in a clinically relevant model of neonatal cardiac surgery. Prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis signaling events (Bax translocation and mitochondrial permeabilization) are associated with superior mitochondrial preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Oka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pamenter ME, Shin DSH, Cooray M, Buck LT. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels regulate NMDAR activity in the cortex of the anoxic western painted turtle. J Physiol 2007; 586:1043-58. [PMID: 18079161 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic mammalian neurons undergo excitotoxic cell death, whereas painted turtle neurons survive prolonged anoxia without apparent injury. Anoxic survival is possibly mediated by a decrease in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity and maintenance of cellular calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)](c)) within a narrow range during anoxia. In mammalian ischaemic models, activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (mK(ATP)) channels partially uncouples mitochondria resulting in a moderate increase in [Ca(2+)](c) and neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to determine the role of mK(ATP) channels in anoxic turtle NMDAR regulation and if mitochondrial uncoupling and [Ca(2+)](c) changes underlie this regulation. In isolated mitochondria, the K(ATP) channel activators diazoxide and levcromakalim increased mitochondrial respiration and decreased ATP production rates, indicating mitochondria were 'mildly' uncoupled by 10-20%. These changes were blocked by the mK(ATP) antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD). During anoxia, [Ca(2+)](c) increased 9.3 +/- 0.3% and NMDAR currents decreased 48.9 +/- 4.1%. These changes were abolished by K(ATP) channel blockade with 5HD or glibenclamide, Ca(2+)(c) chelation with 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or by activation of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter with spermine. Similar to anoxia, diazoxide or levcromakalim increased [Ca(2+)](c) 8.9 +/- 0.7% and 3.8 +/- 0.3%, while decreasing normoxic whole-cell NMDAR currents by 41.1 +/- 6.7% and 55.4 +/- 10.2%, respectively. These changes were also blocked by 5HD or glibenclamide, BAPTA, or spermine. Blockade of mitochondrial Ca(2+)-uptake decreased normoxic NMDAR currents 47.0 +/- 3.1% and this change was blocked by BAPTA but not by 5HD. Taken together, these data suggest mK(ATP) channel activation in the anoxic turtle cortex uncouples mitochondria and reduces mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake via the uniporter, subsequently increasing [Ca(2+)](c) and decreasing NMDAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Edward Pamenter
- Department of Cellular and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
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Hadzimichalis NM, Baliga SS, Golfetti R, Jaques KM, Firestein BL, Merrill GF. Acetaminophen-mediated cardioprotection via inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-induced apoptotic pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H3348-55. [PMID: 17921323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00947.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously reported that acetaminophen confers functional cardioprotection following cardiac insult, including ischemia/reperfusion, hypoxia/reoxygenation, and exogenous peroxynitrite administration. In the present study, we further examined the mechanism of acetaminophen-mediated cardioprotection following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts were exposed to acute treatment with acetaminophen (0.35 mM) or vehicle beginning at 15 min of a 30-min baseline stabilization period. Low-flow global myocardial ischemia was subsequently induced for 30 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion. At the completion of reperfusion, hearts were homogenized and separated into cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. Mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cytochromec release were assessed and found to be significantly and completely reduced in acetaminophen- vs. vehicle-treated hearts following reperfusion. In a separate group of hearts, ventricular myocytes were isolated and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Acetaminophen-treated hearts showed a significant decrease in late stage apoptotic myocytes compared with vehicle-treated hearts following injury (58 +/- 1 vs. 81 +/- 5%, respectively). These data, together with electron micrograph analysis, suggest that acetaminophen mediates cardioprotection, in part, via inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and subsequent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norell M Hadzimichalis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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