1
|
Li C, Li Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Teng Y, Hao Y. MicroRNA‑194‑5p attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the over‑activation of RAC1 protein. Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:33. [PMID: 36562344 PMCID: PMC9827276 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras‑related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), a member of the Rac family of guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolases, has been suggested to be a regulator of myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Whether microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the regulation of the aforementioned process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, an in vitro model of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was used to establish the overexpression of RAC1 following hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Overexpression of RAC1 in H/R‑cultured cardiomyocytes could lead to cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitate the induction of apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes during H/R. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis indicated that RAC1 was the target of miRNA‑194‑5p. Further experiments showed that miR‑194‑5p attenuated the accumulation of cellular ROS and alleviated the induction of apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes caused by H/R, which was accompanied by the reduction in the expression levels of the RAC1 protein. Taken together, these results indicated that upregulation of miR‑194‑5p may function as a self‑regulated cardioprotective response against RAC1‑mediated ROS accumulation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Exogenous administration of miR‑194‑5p may be a novel target to ameliorate I/R injury‑induced myocardial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of General Practice, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yudi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Teng
- Department of General Practice, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China,Dr Yirong Teng, Department of General Practice, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, 21 Nieer Road, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Yinglu Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yinglu Hao, Department of Cardiology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, 21 Nieer Road, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu W, Cronin CG, Cao Z, Wang C, Ruan J, Pulikkot S, Hall A, Sun H, Groisman A, Chen Y, Vella AT, Hu L, Liang BT, Fan Z. Nexinhib20 Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion and β 2 Integrin Activation by Antagonizing Rac-1-Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Interaction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1574-1585. [PMID: 36165184 PMCID: PMC9529951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for mediating inflammatory responses. Inhibiting neutrophil recruitment is an attractive approach for preventing inflammatory injuries, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which exacerbates cardiomyocyte death after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we found out that a neutrophil exocytosis inhibitor Nexinhib20 inhibits not only exocytosis but also neutrophil adhesion by limiting β2 integrin activation. Using a microfluidic chamber, we found that Nexinhib20 inhibited IL-8-induced β2 integrin-dependent human neutrophil adhesion under flow. Using a dynamic flow cytometry assay, we discovered that Nexinhib20 suppresses intracellular calcium flux and β2 integrin activation after IL-8 stimulation. Western blots of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1)-GTP pull-down assays confirmed that Nexinhib20 inhibited Rac-1 activation in leukocytes. An in vitro competition assay showed that Nexinhib20 antagonized the binding of Rac-1 and GTP. Using a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, Nexinhib20 administration after ischemia and before reperfusion significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment and infarct size. Our results highlight the translational potential of Nexinhib20 as a dual-functional neutrophil inhibitory drug to prevent myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chunxia G Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Sunitha Pulikkot
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Alexxus Hall
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
You H, Zhao Q, Dong M. The Key Genes Underlying Pathophysiology Correlation Between the Acute Myocardial Infarction and COVID-19. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2479-2490. [PMID: 35282650 PMCID: PMC8904943 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidences disclose that COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a marked effect on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiology correlation between the AMI and COVID-19 remains vague. Materials and Methods Bioinformatics analyses of the altered transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with AMI and COVID-19 were implemented, including identification of differentially expressed genes and common genes between AMI and COVID-19, protein–protein interactions, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, TF-genes and miRNA coregulatory networks, to explore their biological functions and potential roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AMI. Conclusion Our bioinformatic analyses of gene expression profiling of PBMCs in patients with AMI and COVID-19 provide us with a unique view regarding underlying pathophysiology correlation between the two vital diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, 710068, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, 710068, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mengya Dong, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 256 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86–15802943974, Email
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
RGS3L allows for an M 2 muscarinic receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent inotropy in cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:8. [PMID: 35230541 PMCID: PMC8888479 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role and outcome of the muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2R) signaling in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes is still a matter of debate. Here, we report that the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L) functions as a switch in the muscarinic signaling, most likely of the M2R, in primary cardiomyocytes. High levels of RGS3L, as found in heart failure, redirect the Gi-mediated Rac1 activation into a Gi-mediated RhoA/ROCK activation. Functionally, this switch resulted in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (- 50%) in cardiomyocytes and an inotropic response (+ 18%) in transduced engineered heart tissues. Importantly, we could show that an adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of RGS3L in rats in vivo, increased the contractility of ventricular strips by maximally about twofold. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this switch is mediated by a complex formation of RGS3L with the GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP, which balances the activity of RhoA and Rac1 by altering its substrate preference in cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of this complex formation could open new possibilities in the regulation of the contractility of the diseased heart.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Jian Y, Zhang X, Ni B, Wang M, Pan C. Melatonin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:415-426. [PMID: 34882903 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury, however, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The present study was aimed to investigate whether inactivation of Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway is responsible for the protective effect of melatonin on I/R-induced myocardial injury. Our results showed that Foxo3a downregulation contributed to the protective effect of melatonin on OGD/R-induced injury of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Melatonin treatment led to a reduced activity of Rac1, which was responsible for Foxo3a downregulation and decreased cell injury in OGD/R-exposed H9c2 cells. Furthermore, JNK acts as a downstream effector of Rac1 in mediating melatonin-induced inactivation of Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway and decreased cell injury in OGD/R-exposed H9c2 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that melatonin protects H9c2 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inactivating the Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. This study provided a novel insight into the protective mechanism of melatonin against I/R-induced myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Department of Emergency Center, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunqi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Inhibition of GTPase Rac1 expression by vitamin D mitigates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100922. [PMID: 34917751 PMCID: PMC8645456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Rho-Proteins and Downstream Pathways as Potential Targets in Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned from Basic Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081844. [PMID: 34440613 PMCID: PMC8391638 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with acute and sustained impairment in the function of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, lungs, liver, and brain, among others. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment, sepsis and septic shock sepsis remain global health problems with elevated mortality rates. Rho proteins can interact with a considerable number of targets, directly affecting cellular contractility, actin filament assembly and growing, cell motility and migration, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and actin polymerization, physiological functions that are intensively impaired during inflammatory conditions, such as the one that occurs in sepsis. In the last few decades, Rho proteins and their downstream pathways have been investigated in sepsis-associated experimental models. The most frequently used experimental design included the exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in both in vitro and in vivo approaches, but experiments using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis have also been performed. The findings described in this review indicate that Rho proteins, mainly RhoA and Rac1, are associated with the development of crucial sepsis-associated dysfunction in different systems and cells, including the endothelium, vessels, and heart. Notably, the data found in the literature suggest that either the inhibition or activation of Rho proteins and associated pathways might be desirable in sepsis and septic shock, accordingly with the cellular system evaluated. This review included the main findings, relevance, and limitations of the current knowledge connecting Rho proteins and sepsis-associated experimental models.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Unlike acute myocardial infarction with reperfusion, in which infarct size is the end point reflecting irreversible injury, myocardial stunning and hibernation result from reversible myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and contractile dysfunction is the obvious end point. Stunned myocardium is characterized by a disproportionately long-lasting, yet fully reversible, contractile dysfunction that follows brief bouts of myocardial ischaemia. Reperfusion precipitates a burst of reactive oxygen species formation and alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, which interact and cause the contractile dysfunction. Hibernating myocardium is characterized by reduced regional contractile function and blood flow, which both recover after reperfusion or revascularization. Short-term myocardial hibernation is an adaptation of contractile function to the reduced blood flow such that energy and substrate metabolism recover during the ongoing ischaemia. Chronic myocardial hibernation is characterized by severe morphological alterations and altered expression of metabolic and pro-survival proteins. Myocardial stunning is observed clinically and must be recognized but is rarely haemodynamically compromising and does not require treatment. Myocardial hibernation is clinically identified with the use of imaging techniques, and the myocardium recovers after revascularization. Several trials in the past two decades have challenged the superiority of revascularization over medical therapy for symptomatic relief and prognosis in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial stunning and hibernation is important for a more precise indication of revascularization and its consequences. Therefore, this Review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of these characteristic reperfusion phenomena and highlights their clinical implications.
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Shea KM, Ananthakrishnan R, Li Q, Quadri N, Thiagarajan D, Sreejit G, Wang L, Zirpoli H, Aranda JF, Alberts AS, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. The Formin, DIAPH1, is a Key Modulator of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. EBioMedicine 2017; 26:165-174. [PMID: 29239839 PMCID: PMC5832565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical, ionic, and signaling changes that occur within cardiomyocytes subjected to ischemia are exacerbated by reperfusion; however, the precise mechanisms mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have not been fully elucidated. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) regulates the cellular response to cardiac tissue damage in I/R, an effect potentially mediated by the binding of the RAGE cytoplasmic domain to the diaphanous-related formin, DIAPH1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DIAPH1 in the physiological response to experimental myocardial I/R in mice. After subjecting wild-type mice to experimental I/R, myocardial DIAPH1 expression was increased, an effect that was echoed following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in H9C2 and AC16 cells. Further, compared to wild-type mice, genetic deletion of Diaph1 reduced infarct size and improved contractile function after I/R. Silencing Diaph1 in H9C2 cells subjected to H/R downregulated actin polymerization and serum response factor-regulated gene expression. Importantly, these changes led to increased expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase and reduced expression of the sodium calcium exchanger. This work demonstrates that DIAPH1 is required for the myocardial response to I/R, and that targeting DIAPH1 may represent an adjunctive approach for myocardial salvage after acute infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M O'Shea
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Aranda
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arthur S Alberts
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marei H, Malliri A. Rac1 in human diseases: The therapeutic potential of targeting Rac1 signaling regulatory mechanisms. Small GTPases 2017; 8:139-163. [PMID: 27442895 PMCID: PMC5584733 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1211398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Rac1 signaling is linked to a number of debilitating human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. As such, Rac1 represents an attractive therapeutic target, yet the search for effective Rac1 inhibitors is still underway. Given the adverse effects associated with Rac1 signaling perturbation, cells have evolved several mechanisms to ensure the tight regulation of Rac1 signaling. Thus, characterizing these mechanisms can provide invaluable information regarding major cellular events that lead to aberrant Rac1 signaling. Importantly, this information can be utilized to further facilitate the development of effective pharmacological modulators that can restore normal Rac1 signaling. In this review, we focus on the pathological role of Rac1 signaling, highlighting the benefits and potential drawbacks of targeting Rac1 in a clinical setting. Additionally, we provide an overview of available compounds that target key Rac1 regulatory mechanisms and discuss future therapeutic avenues arising from our understanding of these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadir Marei
- Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Inhibition of rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kr) by ischemia/reperfusion and its recovery by vitamin E in ventricular myocytes. J Electrocardiol 2017. [PMID: 28646979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces prolongation of QT interval and action potential duration (APD), which is a major cardiac electrical disorder in patients with arrhythmias. However, the mechanism of QT interval prolongation induced by I/R remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesized that the rapid component of delayed rectifier potassium (IKr) channel plays an important role in I/R-induced QT interval prolongation. We observed a marked attenuation of IKr and a significant prolongation of action potential duration (APD) in a simulated I/R system with sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) in ventricular myocytes of guinea pigs. The IKr current density was inhibited by 64% and APD increased by 87% respectively. Moreover, the inhibition of IKr is primarily ascribed to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by I/R, which can be partly reversed by antioxidant vitamin E (100μmol/L). The value of IKr tail current density increased from 0.516±0.040 pA/pF in I/R to 0.939±0.091 pA/pF when treated with vitamin E. Moreover, we also demonstrated that QTc interval was increased by I/R and reversed by Vitamin E in isolated guinea pig hearts. In conclusion, the inhibition of IKr is one of the underlying mechanisms of prolongation of QT interval and APD in I/R. Vitamin E might have a benefit in coronary reperfusion therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ishii T, Ueyama T, Shigyo M, Kohta M, Kondoh T, Kuboyama T, Uebi T, Hamada T, Gutmann DH, Aiba A, Kohmura E, Tohda C, Saito N. A Novel Rac1-GSPT1 Signaling Pathway Controls Astrogliosis Following Central Nervous System Injury. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1240-1250. [PMID: 27941025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis (i.e. glial scar), which is comprised primarily of proliferated astrocytes at the lesion site and migrated astrocytes from neighboring regions, is one of the key reactions in determining outcomes after CNS injury. In an effort to identify potential molecules/pathways that regulate astrogliosis, we sought to determine whether Rac/Rac-mediated signaling in astrocytes represents a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention following CNS injury. For these studies, we generated mice with Rac1 deletion under the control of the GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) promoter (GFAP-Cre;Rac1flox/flox). GFAP-Cre;Rac1flox/flox (Rac1-KO) mice exhibited better recovery after spinal cord injury and exhibited reduced astrogliosis at the lesion site relative to control. Reduced astrogliosis was also observed in Rac1-KO mice following microbeam irradiation-induced injury. Moreover, knockdown (KD) or KO of Rac1 in astrocytes (LN229 cells, primary astrocytes, or primary astrocytes from Rac1-KO mice) led to delayed cell cycle progression and reduced cell migration. Rac1-KD or Rac1-KO astrocytes additionally had decreased levels of GSPT1 (G1 to S phase transition 1) expression and reduced responses of IL-1β and GSPT1 to LPS treatment, indicating that IL-1β and GSPT1 are downstream molecules of Rac1 associated with inflammatory condition. Furthermore, GSPT1-KD astrocytes had cell cycle delay, with no effect on cell migration. The cell cycle delay induced by Rac1-KD was rescued by overexpression of GSPT1. Based on these results, we propose that Rac1-GSPT1 represents a novel signaling axis in astrocytes that accelerates proliferation in response to inflammation, which is one important factor in the development of astrogliosis/glial scar following CNS injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Ishii
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan,
| | - Michiko Shigyo
- the Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kohta
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondoh
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- the Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Uebi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hamada
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - David H Gutmann
- the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Atsu Aiba
- the Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiji Kohmura
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- the Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoaki Saito
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oligophrenin1 protects mice against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by modulating inflammation and myocardial apoptosis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:967-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Gui L, Liu B, Lv G. Hypoxia induces autophagy in cardiomyocytes via a hypoxia-inducible factor 1-dependent mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2233-2239. [PMID: 27284306 PMCID: PMC4887955 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia frequently accompanies such vascular disorders as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, in particular, is a major contributor to cardiomyocyte impairment. Autophagy is a dynamic, self-catabolic process that has been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the promotion of autophagy by hypoxia in a rat H9c2 heart cell line and determine the regulatory role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in the hypoxia-induced autophagy in H9c2 cells, using quantitative green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 analysis and electron microscopy of autophagic vesicles. In addition, western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of autophagy-associated markers was conducted. In addition, the role of HIF-1-mediated autophagy in the hypoxia-induced impairment of H9c2 cells was examined, as a measure of cellular viability, using an MTT assay. The results demonstrated that autophagy was induced in H9c2 cells under hypoxia, and the autophagy induction triggered by hypoxia could be enhanced by HIF-1α overexpression and inhibited by HIF-1α knockdown. Furthermore, the HIF-1-mediated autophagy ameliorated the reduction in the H9c2 cell viability induced by hypoxia. These findings provide a novel insight into the hypoxic-ischemic injury to cardiomyocytes and give evidence for the occurrence of HIF-1-mediated autophagy in myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gui
- Department of Basic Theory, Sports Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China; Institute of Mongolian Genome and Genetic Diseases, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Batu Liu
- Sports Department, Sports Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| | - Guang Lv
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cytoprotective Role of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Vascular Endothelial Cell Under Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Condition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:96-107. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Wang Y, Kunit T, Ciotkowska A, Rutz B, Schreiber A, Strittmatter F, Waidelich R, Liu C, Stief CG, Gratzke C, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of prostate smooth muscle contraction and prostate stromal cell growth by the inhibitors of Rac, NSC23766 and EHT1864. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2905-17. [PMID: 25631101 PMCID: PMC4439884 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medical therapy of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) targets smooth muscle contraction in the prostate, or prostate growth. However, current therapeutic options are insufficient. Here, we investigated the role of Rac in the control of smooth muscle tone in human prostates and growth of prostate stromal cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed using human prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy and cultured stromal cells (WPMY-1). Expression of Rac was examined by Western blot and fluorescence staining. Effects of Rac inhibitors (NSC23766 and EHT1864) on contractility were assessed in the organ bath. The effects of Rac inhibitors were assessed by pull-down, cytotoxicity using a cell counting kit, cytoskeletal organization by phalloidin staining and cell growth using an 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. KEY RESULTS Expression of Rac1-3 was observed in prostate samples from each patient. Immunoreactivity for Rac1-3 was observed in the stroma, where it colocalized with the smooth muscle marker, calponin. NSC23766 and EHT1864 significantly reduced contractions of prostate strips induced by noradrenaline, phenylephrine or electrical field stimulation. NSC23766 and EHT1864 inhibited Rac activity in WPMY-1 cells. Survival of WPMY-1 cells ranged between 64 and 81% after incubation with NSC23766 (50 or 100 μM) or EHT1864 (25 μM) for 24 h. NSC23766 and EHT1864 induced cytoskeletal disorganization in WPMY-1 cells. Both inhibitors impaired the growth of WPMY-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Rac may be a link connecting the control of prostate smooth muscle tone with proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Improvements in LUTS suggestive of BPH by Rac inhibitors appears possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - T Kunit
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
- University Hospital for Urology and AndrologySalzburg, Austria
| | - A Ciotkowska
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - B Rutz
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - A Schreiber
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - R Waidelich
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - C Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - C G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - C Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - M Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Role of small GTPase protein Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases: development of new selective pharmacological inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:425-35. [PMID: 23921306 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a18bcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pathway-based genome-wide association analysis has recently identified Rac1 as one of the biologically important gene in coronary heart diseases. The role of the small GTPase Rac1 in cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis has also been documented in clinical studies with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and in in vitro and in vivo settings using transgenic and knockout mice. Thus, Rac1 has emerged as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase-activating proteins. Three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors have been developed affecting different steps of this pathway: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity. These chemical compounds have shown to selectively inhibit Rac1 activation in cultured cell lines without affecting the homologous proteins RhoA and Cdc42. Moreover, pioneer studies have been conducted with Rac1 inhibitors in in vivo experimental models of cardiovascular diseases with encouraging results. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases and the pharmacological approaches that have been developed to selectively inhibit its function.
Collapse
|
18
|
Elnakish MT, Hassanain HH, Janssen PM, Angelos MG, Khan M. Emerging role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: important role of Rac/NADPH oxidase. J Pathol 2013; 231:290-300. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Hamdy H Hassanain
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Paul M Janssen
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Levay M, Krobert KA, Wittig K, Voigt N, Bermudez M, Wolber G, Dobrev D, Levy FO, Wieland T. NSC23766, a Widely Used Inhibitor of Rac1 Activation, Additionally Acts as a Competitive Antagonist at Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:69-79. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|